JP7223691B2 - ペンタブロックコポリマーを含む多孔質膜及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ペンタブロックコポリマーを含む多孔質膜及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7223691B2 JP7223691B2 JP2019527445A JP2019527445A JP7223691B2 JP 7223691 B2 JP7223691 B2 JP 7223691B2 JP 2019527445 A JP2019527445 A JP 2019527445A JP 2019527445 A JP2019527445 A JP 2019527445A JP 7223691 B2 JP7223691 B2 JP 7223691B2
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Images
Classifications
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
- C08F297/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
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- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/40—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
- B01D71/401—Polymers based on the polymerisation of acrylic acid, e.g. polyacrylate
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- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/80—Block polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
- C08F297/023—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type using a coupling agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
- C08F297/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
- C08F297/046—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and isoprene, optionally with other conjugated dienes
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Description
OSISO PE-6A及びPE-6Bペンタブロックコポリマーを12~18重量%の濃度で各種溶媒混合物に溶解させ、表16に記載の条件で0~60秒の蒸発時間で8ミル(203.2マイクロメートル)のコーティングギャップを使用してキャストした。分解、透明な乾燥フィルムをもたらすゲル化、及び細孔構造を有する数種の不透明フィルム(例えば、膜)を含む、特定の範囲の結果が見られた。分解しなかった試料はプラスチックコーティング担体に付着したままであった。試験したいくつかの条件のうちのいくつかによる(最適化されていない)膜のキャストは、膜形成の重要な成功を例示するものである。
PSISP PE-7ブロックコポリマーを10~16重量%の濃度で30/70のTHF/NMPの溶媒混合物に溶解させ、表17に記載の条件により10~25秒の蒸発時間でキャストした。コーティングは、不透明になり、浴中にある間にプラスチック担持シートから分離した。水浴から取り出して乾燥させた後、表面を評価するためにAFMによって試料を検査した。これらの試料は、より大きなミクロンスケールの特徴を示した。試料を静水滴により濡らした。
PSISP PE-7ブロックコポリマーを10重量%の濃度で50/50のTHF/DMFの溶媒混合物に溶解させ、表18に記載の条件で10~15秒の蒸発時間でキャストした。コーティングは、不透明になり、浴中にある間にプラスチック担持シートから分離した。水浴から取り出して乾燥させた後、表面を評価するためにAFMによって試料を検査した。これらの試料は、より大きなミクロンスケールの特徴を示した。試料を静水滴により濡らした。
PSISP PE-7ブロックコポリマーを10~14重量%の濃度でMEK/NMPの溶媒混合物に溶解させ、表19に記載の条件により10~30秒の蒸発時間でキャストした。コーティングは、不透明になり、浴中にある間にプラスチック担持シートから分離した。水浴から取り出して乾燥させた後、表面を評価するためにAFMによって試料を検査した。これらの試料は、より大きなミクロンスケールの特徴を示した。試料を静水滴により濡らした。
PSISP PE-7ブロックコポリマーを10~14重量%の濃度で30/70のジオキサン/NMPの溶媒混合物に溶解させ、表20に記載の条件で10~30秒の蒸発時間でキャストした。コーティングは、不透明になり、浴中にある間にプラスチック担持シートから分離した。水浴から取り出して乾燥させた後、表面を評価するためにAFMによって試料を検査した。これらの試料は、より大きなミクロンスケールの特徴を示した。試料を静水滴により濡らした。
PSISP膜のサブセットを、ウシ血清アルブミン(bovine serum albumin、BSA)タンパク質との結合について評価した。MEMBRANA MicroPES 2F(3M Company,St.Paul,MN)の試料を比較試料として用いた。PPOペンタブロック膜の10ミリメートルディスク又は1.5mg試験片を、滅菌した未処理48ウェルプレート(Thermo Fisher Scientific,Roskilde,Denmark)に入れた。各膜の3つ組の試料をタンパク質結合について評価した。タンパク質溶液(pH7.4のPBS中200μlの1mg/mlウシ血清アルブミン、Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,MO,USA)を各ウェルに添加し、タンパク質溶液が膜材料を覆うようにした。プレートをタイタープレートシェーカー(Lab-Line Instrument Inc,Melrose Park,IL,USA)上で、室温にて1時間にわたり弱く振盪させた。1時間インキュベートした後、タンパク質溶液をデカントし、リン酸緩衝食塩水(phosphate-buffered saline、PBS)を用いて膜材料を3回洗浄した。残存するPBSを各ウェルからピペットで取り出した。わずかな変更を加えた製造元のプロトコールに従ってPierce(商標)BCAタンパク質アッセイキットを使用することによって、膜に結合したタンパク質の定量化を決定した。膜材料を含有する各ウェルに、BCAアッセイキット試薬混合物(200μl)を直接添加した。プレートを37℃で30分間インキュベートした。発色後、150μlアリコートの溶液を96ウェルプレート(Greiner Bio-One,Kremsmunster,Austria)に移した。マイクロプレートリーダー(Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale,CA,USA)を使用して、562 nmで吸光度を測定した。結果を表21に示す。
PSISP PE-7ブロックコポリマーを12重量%の濃度で9種の溶媒混合物に溶解させ、2ミル(50.8マイクロメートル)のコーティングギャップでコーティングした(表22)。全てのコーティングフィルムは、意図した蒸発時間(約10秒)以内に、このコーティング厚において、ポリマー担体上で脱湿潤する(dewet)。
PSISP PE-7ブロックコポリマーを10~14重量%の濃度で溶媒混合物に溶解させ、2ミル(50.8マイクロメートル)のギャップを有するギャップコーターを使用して、市販の多孔質担体(Teslin SP 700(PPG Industries,Inc.,Pittsburgh,PA)及びPAN 350E(Nanostone Water,Inc.,Eden Prairie,MN))上にキャストした。コーティングされた構造体を水浴に導入する前に、0~10秒にわたり蒸発が生じるようにした。水浴から取り出して乾燥させた後、表面を評価するためにAFMによって試料を検査した。
PSISP PE-7ブロックコポリマーを10~14重量%の濃度で40/60のMEK/NMPの溶媒混合物に溶解させ、表23に記載の条件により0~10秒の蒸発時間でキャストした。全ての試料について、六方充填の高コントラストドットの特徴をAFMによって確認した(図8及び9参照)。膜132及び136の細孔径分析は、それぞれ20±5nm及び23±5nmの細孔径を示した。試料のサブセットも高解像度SEMによって検査したところ、明らかな六方充填ドットの特徴が見られ、この特徴の半分までが開放細孔であるように見えた(図10及び13参照)。高解像度SEM断面イメージングも膜132上で実施した(図14)。結果は、PSISPコーティングについて大部分が稠密な表面であるように見えるものを示している。
PSISP PE-7ブロックコポリマーを10~12重量%の濃度で30/70のMEK/NMPの溶媒混合物に溶解させ、表24に記載の条件により10秒の蒸発時間でTeslin上にキャストした。両方の試料ついて、六方充填の高コントラストドットの特徴がAFMによって見られた。
PSISP PE-7ブロックコポリマーを12重量%の濃度で40/60のTHF/DMAcの溶媒混合物に溶解させ、10秒の蒸発時間でTeslin上にキャストした(表25)。六方充填の高コントラストドットの特徴がAFMによって見られた。SEMによる追加評価は、微妙な六方充填ドットの特徴を示したが、ごくわずかが開放細孔であるように見えた。
PSISP PE-7ブロックコポリマーを、40/60のMEK/DMAcの溶媒混合物中に12重量%の濃度で溶解し、10秒の蒸発期間でTeslin上にキャストした(表26)。六角形に充填された高コントラストドット特徴がAFMによって見られた。SEMによる更なる評価は、わずかが開放細孔であるように見えた、明白な六方充填ドットの特徴を示した。
(PAN基材上の)複合薄膜試料132及び136に対して、空気環境と水環境におけるピークフォースタッピングモードAFMを実施した。30分までの滞留時間については、水中で得た画像は、空気中で観察された平均細孔径と変わらない平均細孔径を有する細孔を示した。
異なる分子量のデキストランをMilliQ等級の水(0.04重量%で6kDa、0.04重量%で40kDa、0.025重量%で100kDa、0.035重量%で500kDa、及び0.095重量%で2000kDa)に溶解させることによって、チャレンジ溶液を調製した。複合薄膜試料を直径44mmのディスクに切り出し、水で予め湿らせた。Amicon 8050撹拌セルホルダー(EMD Millipore 5122)内に試料を入れた。磁気撹拌プレート(Corning PC-420D)によって撹拌を適用し、調整器(Ingersoll-Rand R37121-100)を介して実験室用圧縮空気を用いて圧力を適用した。まず、最小40mL又は15分間で>200rpmで撹拌しながら、20psi(137.9kPa)においてMilliQ等級の水と共に流すことによって、試料を調整した。この時点で流束を測定した。次いで、デキストラン溶液を、>200rpmで撹拌しながら10又は20psi(68.9又は137.9kPa)で適用した。供給液及び透過液を水性ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーシステム(PL Aquagel-OH 40カラムを備えたAgilent Technologies 1260 Infinity)を使用して分析し、それらのデキストラン含有量を溶出時間の関数として比較した。PEO標準を使用してカラムを較正した。
Claims (13)
- ABCBAブロックコポリマーと、多孔質膜全体の1重量%~49重量%の範囲の量(両端を含む)の、Aブロック、Bブロック及びCブロックのうち少なくとも1つ以上を含むホモポリマー、ジブロックコポリマー、トリブロックコポリマー、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のポリマーとを含む多孔質膜であって、前記多孔質膜は複数の細孔を含み、
AブロックはBブロック及びCブロックのそれぞれに対して非混和性であり、
Bブロックは90℃以上のTgを有し、ブロックコポリマー全体の25重量%~80重量%(両端を含む)の範囲の量で存在し、且つBブロックはビニル芳香族を含み、
Cブロックは25℃以下のTgを有し、ブロックコポリマー全体の10重量%~40重量%(両端を含む)の範囲の量で存在する、多孔質膜。 - 前記細孔が、前記膜の表面において1ナノメートル(nm)~500nm(両端を含む)の範囲の平均細孔径を有する、請求項1に記載の多孔質膜。
- 前記膜が等孔性であり、平均表面細孔径が5~15nmの範囲である場合、前記膜の表面の細孔径の標準偏差は、前記膜の前記表面の平均細孔径から4nm以下であり、前記膜の前記表面の前記平均細孔径が15超~25nmの範囲である場合、前記膜の前記表面の細孔径の前記標準偏差は、前記膜の前記表面の前記平均細孔径から6nm以下であり、前記膜の前記表面の前記平均細孔径が25超~50nmの範囲である場合、前記膜の前記表面の細孔径の前記標準偏差は、前記膜の前記表面の前記平均細孔径の25%以下である、請求項1に記載の多孔質膜。
- 前記Aブロックが、ポリ(アルキレンオキシド)、置換エポキシド、ポリラクタム、又は置換カーボネートを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質膜。
- 前記膜が、前記膜の応力-歪み曲線下の面積を積分することによって測定したとき、乾燥時に自立型フィルムとして30kJ/m3以上の靭性を示す、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質膜。
- 前記Aブロックが、ポリ(D-ラクチド)、ポリ(L-ラクチド)、ポリ(D/L-ラクチド)、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリ(プロピレンオキシド)、ポリ(エトキシエチルグリシジルエーテル)、ポリ(4-ビニルピリジン)、ポリ(2-ビニルピリジン)、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリアクリル酸、ポリ(メタクリル酸)、ポリジメチルアクリルアミド、ポリ(N-イソプロピルアクリルアミド)、ポリヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、ポリ-ε-カプロラクトン、及びポリ(プロピレンカーボネート)からなる群から選択される、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質膜。
- 前記Bブロックが、スチレン、p-メチルスチレン、α-メチルスチレン、及びポリ(tert-ブチルスチレン)、からなる群から選択される、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質膜。
- 前記Cブロックが、ポリイソプレン、ポリブタジエン、ポリイソブチレン、ポリジメチルシロキサン、ポリエチレン、ポリ(エチレン-alt-プロピレン)、ポリ(エチレン-co-ブチレン-co-プロピレン)、ポリブチレン、及びポリ(エチレン-stat-ブチレン)からなる群から選択される、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質膜。
- 多孔質膜の製造方法であって、
溶媒と、ABCBAブロックコポリマーを含む固形物と、固形物全体の1~49重量%の範囲の量(両端を含む)の、Aブロック、Bブロック及びCブロックのうち少なくとも1つ以上を含むホモポリマー、ジブロックコポリマー、トリブロックコポリマー、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のポリマーとを含む溶液からフィルム又は中空繊維を形成すること;
前記フィルム又は前記中空繊維から前記溶媒の少なくとも一部を除去すること;及び
前記フィルム又は前記中空繊維を非溶媒と接触させ、それによって複数の細孔を有する前記多孔質膜を形成することを含む、方法。 - 前記溶媒が、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、1,3-ジオキサン、テトラヒドロチオフェン1,1-ジオキシド、メチルエチルケトン、メチルテトラヒドロフラン、スルホラン、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記フィルムを形成することが、基材上に前記溶液をキャストすることを含む、請求項9又は10に記載の方法。
- 前記中空繊維を形成することが、前記溶液を前記中空繊維に紡糸することを含む、請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒がメチルエチルケトンを含む、請求項9~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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