JP7211318B2 - Desalination cleaning method and desalination cleaning apparatus for chlorine-containing ash - Google Patents

Desalination cleaning method and desalination cleaning apparatus for chlorine-containing ash Download PDF

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JP7211318B2
JP7211318B2 JP2019179398A JP2019179398A JP7211318B2 JP 7211318 B2 JP7211318 B2 JP 7211318B2 JP 2019179398 A JP2019179398 A JP 2019179398A JP 2019179398 A JP2019179398 A JP 2019179398A JP 7211318 B2 JP7211318 B2 JP 7211318B2
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琢磨 高馬
浩志 林
達哉 矢島
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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本発明は、塩素含有灰を粉砕分級して粒径を一定範囲に整えることによって水洗脱塩効果を高めた、塩素含有灰の脱塩方法および洗浄脱塩装置に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a chlorine-containing ash desalination method and a washing-demineralization apparatus, wherein the chlorine-containing ash is pulverized and classified to have a particle size within a certain range, thereby enhancing the water washing and desalination effect.

飛灰やセメント工場の塩素バイパスダストなどの塩素含有灰は、脱塩処理してセメント資源などに再利用されている。該塩素含有灰に含まれている塩素化合物は大部分が水溶性の塩素化合物であるので、脱塩方法として水洗処理される場合が多い。一方、塩素含有灰は、炉形式や保管方法によって塊状化している場合があり、水洗処理するときに、過度に沈降・圧密されるとスラリ化が困難になったり、洗浄脱塩が不十分になったりするので、水洗前に必要に応じて粉砕処理される。他方、塩素含有灰が過粉砕されて微粉末が多くなると、ろ過性が悪化して多量処理が困難となったりろ過装置が大型化したりする問題があった。 Chlorine-containing ash such as fly ash and chlorine bypass dust from cement plants is desalted and reused as cement resources. Since most of the chlorine compounds contained in the chlorine-containing ash are water-soluble chlorine compounds, it is often washed with water as a desalting method. On the other hand, chlorine-containing ash may clump together depending on the furnace type and storage method. Therefore, it is pulverized as necessary before washing with water. On the other hand, when the chlorine-containing ash is excessively pulverized to produce a large amount of fine powder, there is a problem that filterability is deteriorated, making it difficult to treat a large amount of ash and increasing the size of the filtering apparatus.

塩素含有灰のろ過性を改善するため、加圧粒状化してろ過する方法（特許文献１）、比較的粗粒な灰のスラリでベルトフィルタ表面をプレコートしてから、微粒灰スラリをろ過する方法（特許文献２）、簡易沈降で上澄みを除去し濃縮する方法（特許文献３）などが知られている。 In order to improve the filterability of chlorine-containing ash, there is a method of pressurizing and granulating and filtering (Patent Document 1), and a method of pre-coating the belt filter surface with relatively coarse-grained ash slurry and then filtering the fine-grained ash slurry. (Patent Document 2), a method of removing the supernatant by simple sedimentation and concentrating (Patent Document 3), and the like are known.

また、塩素含有灰スラリに高分子凝集剤添加し、ｐＨ調整してフロックを形成して沈澱ろ過する方法（特許文献４）、グルコン酸を添加してスラリの粘度上昇を抑制してろ過する方法（特許文献５）などが知られている。 In addition, a method of adding a polymer flocculant to a chlorine-containing ash slurry, adjusting the pH to form flocs, and precipitating and filtering (Patent Document 4), a method of adding gluconic acid to suppress an increase in the viscosity of the slurry and filtering. (Patent Document 5) and the like are known.

しかし、ろ過装置の改良は大がかりになり、また先述したように飛灰の性状が大きく異なるため、十分な効果が得られない場合があった。さらに、薬剤添加によってろ過性はある程度改善されるが、根本的な改善にはならない。 However, the improvement of the filtering device is large-scale and, as mentioned above, the characteristics of the fly ash differ greatly, so there are cases where sufficient effects cannot be obtained. Furthermore, although the filterability is improved to some extent by the addition of chemicals, it is not a fundamental improvement.

特開２０１７－１４８７２０号公報JP 2017-148720 A 特許第４０９５９２９号公報Japanese Patent No. 4095929 特許第５７６１５４４号公報Japanese Patent No. 5761544 特許第３８８０９１７号公報Japanese Patent No. 3880917 特開２０１３－９１０２９号公報JP 2013-91029 A

本発明は、塩素含有灰の脱塩処理における上記問題を解決したものであり、塩素含有灰を一定の粒径範囲に整えることによって、ろ過性を低下させずに、水洗脱塩効果を高めた脱塩洗浄方法および脱塩洗浄装置を提供する。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the desalination of chlorine-containing ash. By adjusting the particle size of the chlorine-containing ash to a certain range, the washing and desalting effect is enhanced without lowering the filterability. A desalting cleaning method and a desalting cleaning apparatus are provided.

本発明の脱塩洗浄方法および脱塩洗浄装置は以下の構成を有する。
〔１〕塩素含有灰を水洗脱塩する方法において、該塩素含有灰をスラリにする前に、該塩素含有灰を分級して粒径０.１～１mmの割合が９０wt％以上の分級灰にし、その後、該分級灰に水を加えスラリにして水洗することを特徴とする脱塩洗浄方法。
〔２〕分級基準１mmより粒径の大きい塩素含有灰を篩付粉砕機に導いて粉砕し、目開１～２０mmの篩手段を通過したものを分級して粒径０.１～１mmの割合が９０wt％以上の分級灰にし、該分級灰に水を加えスラリにして水洗する上記[１]に記載する脱塩洗浄方法。
〔３〕塩素含有灰の粉砕機、粉砕した塩素含有灰をスラリにして水洗する洗浄槽、該スラリを固液分離する手段、分離した固形分を脱水する手段を備えた脱塩洗浄装置において、該粉砕機が篩付粉砕機であり、該篩付粉砕機の前段に、塩素含有灰を分級するスクリーンメッシュを備えた分級機が設けられており、該スクリーンメッシュの上面に残る塩素含有灰が上記篩付粉砕機に導入され、該篩付粉砕機には目開き１～２０mmの篩手段が設けられており、該篩手段の上面に残る塩素含有灰が繰り返し粉砕されるとともに、該篩手段を通過した塩素含有灰の粉砕物が上記分級機に戻され、該分級機に導入された塩素含有灰が上記スクリーンメッシュを通過して粒径０.１～１mmの割合が９０wt％以上の分級灰にされ、該分級灰が上記洗浄槽に導かれ、該分級灰に水を加えてスラリにして洗浄脱塩処理されることを特徴とする脱塩洗浄装置。
 The desalting cleaning method and desalting cleaning apparatus of the present invention have the following configurations.
[1] In the method of washing and desalinating chlorine-containing ash, the chlorine-containing ash is classified before making the chlorine-containing ash into a slurry, and the classified ash has a particle size of 0.1 to 1 mm at a rate of 90 wt% or more. and then adding water to the classified ash to make a slurry, followed by washing with water.
[2] Chlorine-containing ash having a particle size larger than the classification standard of 1 mm is guided to a pulverizer with a sieve and pulverized. The desalting and washing method according to the above [1], wherein the classified ash is made into a classified ash having a content of 90% by weight or more, water is added to the classified ash to make a slurry, and the ash is washed with water.
[3] A desalting and washing apparatus comprising a crusher for chlorine-containing ash, a washing tank for making slurry of the crushed chlorine-containing ash and washing it with water, a means for solid-liquid separation of the slurry, and a means for dehydrating the separated solid content, The crusher is a crusher with a sieve, and a classifier equipped with a screen mesh for classifying the chlorine-containing ash is provided in the preceding stage of the crusher with a sieve, and the chlorine-containing ash remaining on the upper surface of the screen mesh is It is introduced into the crusher with a sieve, and the crusher with a sieve is provided with a sieve means with an opening of 1 to 20 mm , and the chlorine-containing ash remaining on the upper surface of the sieve means is repeatedly pulverized, and the sieve means is repeatedly crushed. The pulverized chlorine-containing ash that has passed through is returned to the classifier, and the chlorine-containing ash introduced into the classifier passes through the screen mesh and is classified so that the proportion of particle sizes of 0.1 to 1 mm is 90 wt% or more. A desalting and washing apparatus characterized in that the classified ash is ashed, and the classified ash is introduced into the washing tank, and water is added to the classified ash to make a slurry, which is washed and desalted.

以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。
〔脱塩洗浄方法〕
本発明の脱塩洗浄方法は、塩素含有灰を水洗脱塩する方法において、該塩素含有灰をスラリにする前に、該塩素含有灰を分級して粒径０.１～１mmの割合が９０wt％以上の分級灰にし、その後、該分級灰に水を加えスラリにして水洗することを特徴とする脱塩洗浄方法であり、さらには、分級基準１mmより粒径の大きい塩素含有灰を篩付粉砕機に導いて粉砕し、目開１～２０mmの篩手段を通過したものを分級して粒径０.１～１mmの割合が９０wt％以上の分級灰にし、該分級灰に水を加えスラリにして水洗する脱塩洗浄方法である。
The present invention will be specifically described below.
[Desalination cleaning method]
The desalting and washing method of the present invention is a method of washing and desalting chlorine-containing ash with water, and classifying the chlorine -containing ash before making the chlorine-containing ash into a slurry, and classifying the chlorine-containing ash to obtain particles with a particle size of 0.1 to 1 mm. It is a desalting and washing method characterized by making classified ash of 90 wt% or more, then adding water to the classified ash to make it slurry, and washing it with water. It is guided to a pulverizer with a pulverizer and pulverized, and the ash that has passed through a sieve means with a mesh size of 1 to 20 mm is classified to obtain a classified ash having a particle size of 0.1 to 1 mm at a rate of 90 wt% or more, and water is added to the classified ash. This is a desalting cleaning method in which a slurry is made and washed with water.

塩素含有灰を水洗して脱塩し、ろ過脱水するときに、塩素含有灰の粒径によってろ過性が大きく異なる。例えば、塩素含有灰を０.１mm未満、０.１～０.２５mm、０.２５～０.５mm、０.５～１mm、１～２mm、２mm超に分けて、ろ過時間とろ過後のケーキ洗浄時間の合計を比較すると、図１の結果が得られる。また、これら各粒径範囲の水洗ケーキの残留塩素濃度について図２の結果が得られる。 When the chlorine-containing ash is washed with water to demineralize and then filtered and dehydrated, the filterability varies greatly depending on the particle size of the chlorine-containing ash. For example, the chlorine-containing ash is divided into less than 0.1 mm, 0.1 to 0.25 mm, 0.25 to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 1 mm, 1 to 2 mm, and more than 2 mm, and the filtration time and the cake after filtration Comparing the total wash times yields the results in FIG. Further, the results shown in FIG. 2 are obtained for the residual chlorine concentration of the water-washed cake of each particle size range.

図１のグラフに示すように、塩素含有灰の粒径が０.１mm未満ではろ過時間とケーキ洗浄時間が合計約１６０分以上であるが、粒径０.１～１.０mmの範囲ではろ過時間とケーキ洗浄時間の合計は約８０分以下であり、ろ過洗浄時間を半分以下に短縮することができる。また、図２のグラフに示すように、水洗ケーキの残留塩素濃度は、粒径０.１～１.０mmの範囲では約１.８wt％以下であるが、粒径０.１mm未満および粒径２mm超の範囲の残留塩素濃度は何れも２wt％を上回り、脱塩効果が低い。 As shown in the graph in Fig. 1, when the particle size of chlorine-containing ash is less than 0.1 mm, the total filtration time and cake washing time is about 160 minutes or more, but when the particle size is in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mm, the filtration time is The sum of the time and the cake washing time is about 80 minutes or less, and the filter washing time can be shortened by half or less. Further, as shown in the graph of FIG. 2, the residual chlorine concentration of the washed cake is approximately 1.8 wt% or less in the range of particle diameters of 0.1 to 1.0 mm, but less than 0.1 mm and The residual chlorine concentration in the range exceeding 2 mm exceeds 2 wt%, and the desalting effect is low.

本発明の脱塩洗浄方法は、上記結果に基づき、塩素含有灰を水洗する前に、塩素含有灰を、０.１～１mmの割合が９０wt％以上になるように整える。塊状の塩素含有灰はこれを粉砕し、分級して上記粒径の範囲に整えると良い。 Based on the above results, the desalting and washing method of the present invention adjusts the chlorine-containing ash so that the ratio of 0.1 to 1 mm is 90 wt % or more before washing the chlorine-containing ash with water. The clumped chlorine-containing ash is preferably pulverized and classified to have the particle size within the above range.

塩素含有灰の水洗処理において、粒径２.０mm以上の割合が、例えば３０wt％より多くなると脱塩水洗効果が低下し残留塩素量が多くなり、また、洗浄撹拌時や水スラリの移送時に管路への堆積や閉塞を生じやすくなる。一方、粒径０.０５mm未満の割合が、例えば３０wt％より多いものは、固液分離時の沈降性が悪く、さらにフィルターの目詰まりを生じ易いためろ過性が大幅に低下するので好ましくない。 In the water washing treatment of chlorine-containing ash, if the ratio of 2.0 mm or more in particle size exceeds, for example, 30 wt%, the desalination water washing effect will decrease and the amount of residual chlorine will increase. Accumulation and clogging of passages are likely to occur. On the other hand, if the proportion of particles having a particle size of less than 0.05 mm is greater than, for example, 30 wt %, sedimentation during solid-liquid separation is poor, and filter clogging is likely to occur, resulting in a large drop in filterability.

本発明の脱塩洗浄方法は、好ましくは、上記塩素含有灰を分級する工程、分級基準の粒径より大きい該塩素含有灰を粉砕する工程を有し、該粉砕工程後の塩素含有灰を上記分級工程に循環することによって、粒径０.１～１mmの割合を９０wt％以上にして塩素含有灰の水洗を行う。
The desalting and washing method of the present invention preferably has a step of classifying the chlorine-containing ash, a step of pulverizing the chlorine-containing ash larger than the particle size of the classification standard, and the chlorine-containing ash after the pulverization step is By circulating in the classification process, the chlorine-containing ash is washed with water so that the ratio of the particle size of 0.1 to 1 mm is 90 wt % or more .

〔脱塩洗浄装置〕
塩素含有灰を上記粒径範囲に調整する機構を備えた脱塩洗浄装置を図３および図４に示す。図３に示すように、本発明の脱塩洗浄装置は、塩素含有灰を供給するホッパ１０、該ホッパ１０から供給された塩素含有灰を分級粉砕手段２０に搬送するコンベア３０、該分級粉砕手段２０で分級された塩素含有灰をスラリにして水洗する洗浄槽６０、該スラリを固液分離する手段（沈降槽）７０、分離したスラリ固形分を脱水する手段（ベルトフィルタ）８０を備えている。 [Desalination cleaning equipment]
FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show a desalting and cleaning apparatus equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the particle size of chlorine-containing ash to the above range. As shown in FIG. 3, the desalination cleaning apparatus of the present invention comprises a hopper 10 for supplying chlorine-containing ash, a conveyor 30 for conveying the chlorine-containing ash supplied from the hopper 10 to classifying and crushing means 20, and the classifying and crushing means. A washing tank 60 for making a slurry of chlorine-containing ash classified in 20 and washing with water, a means (sedimentation tank) 70 for solid-liquid separation of the slurry, and a means (belt filter) 80 for dewatering the separated solid content of the slurry. .

図示する分級粉砕手段２０は分級機４０と粉砕機５０によって形成されており、該分級機４０は該粉砕機５０の前段に設けられている。図示する分級機４０は筒状のケーシング４１を有し、その内部には目開ｄmmのスクリーンメッシュ４２によって粉砕機５０に向かう傾斜路が形成されている。また、上記ケーシング４１の下方底部には上記スクリーンメッシュ４２を通過した塩素含有灰（篩下分級灰）を排出する搬送路４３が接続している。該搬送路４３は洗浄槽６０に延びており、該スクリーンメッシュ４２を通過した塩素含有灰は該搬送路４３を通じて該洗浄槽６０に送られる。一方、該スクリーンメッシュ４２の上面に残る塩素含有灰（篩上分級灰）はケーシング４１の下端面に設けた排出口から粉砕機５０に導入される。 The illustrated classifying and pulverizing means 20 is formed by a classifier 40 and a pulverizer 50 , and the classifier 40 is provided upstream of the pulverizer 50 . The illustrated classifier 40 has a cylindrical casing 41 in which a screen mesh 42 with an opening of d mm forms an inclined path toward the crusher 50 . A conveying path 43 for discharging the chlorine-containing ash (under-screen classified ash) that has passed through the screen mesh 42 is connected to the lower bottom portion of the casing 41 . The conveying path 43 extends to the washing tank 60 , and the chlorine-containing ash that has passed through the screen mesh 42 is sent to the washing tank 60 through the conveying path 43 . On the other hand, chlorine-containing ash remaining on the upper surface of the screen mesh 42 (sieve-graded ash) is introduced into the crusher 50 through a discharge port provided on the lower end surface of the casing 41 .

粉砕機５０は、例えば、ハンマーミルやカッテングミルなどのドラム型乾式粉砕機であり、その内部に粉砕用の回転刃５１を有しており、ドラム底部に目開きＤmm（Ｄ/ｄ＝１＝２０）の篩手段５２と、該篩手段５２を通過した塩素含有灰（篩下粉砕灰）を溜める収納部５３を備えた篩付粉砕機である。また該収納部５３の塩素含有灰（篩下粉砕灰）を再び上記分級機４０に返送する循環路５４が設けられている。 The pulverizer 50 is, for example, a drum-type dry pulverizer such as a hammer mill or a cutting mill. 20), and a crusher with a sieve provided with a sieve means 52 and a container 53 for storing the chlorine-containing ash (under-sieve pulverized ash) that has passed through the sieve means 52. A circulation path 54 is provided for returning the chlorine-containing ash (pulverized ash under the sieve) in the storage section 53 to the classifier 40 again.

上記分級機４０から排出された塩素含有灰（篩上分級灰）は該篩付粉砕機５０に導入され、回転刃５１によって粉砕される。目開Ｄmm以下に粉砕された塩素含有灰は底部の篩手段５２を通じて収納部５３に落下する。この塩素含有灰（篩下粉砕灰）は収納部５３に溜められて再び上記分級機４０に返送されて分級される。一方、該篩手段５２の上面に残る塩素含有灰（篩上粉砕灰）は篩手段５２を通過して収納部５３に落下するまで繰返し回転刃５１によって粉砕される。 Chlorine-containing ash discharged from the classifier 40 (screened ash) is introduced into the sieving grinder 50 and pulverized by the rotating blades 51 . Chlorine-containing ash pulverized to a mesh size of D mm or less falls into a container 53 through a sieve means 52 at the bottom. This chlorine-containing ash (unsieved pulverized ash) is collected in the storage section 53 and returned to the classifier 40 again for classification. On the other hand, the chlorine-containing ash remaining on the upper surface of the sieve means 52 (over-sieve pulverized ash) is repeatedly pulverized by the rotating blade 51 until it passes through the sieve means 52 and falls into the storage portion 53 .

上記分級機４０および篩付粉砕機５０では、分級機４０のスクリーンメッシュ４２の目開ｄmmに対して、篩付粉砕機５０の篩手段５２の目開Ｄmmを、Ｄ/ｄ＝１～２０、好ましくは５～１０、に設定することによって、分級基準の粒径ｄmmに対して過剰な粉砕を抑制し、過剰な微粉量を抑えることができる。具体的には、例えば、スクリーンメッシュ４２の目開ｄ（分級基準）が１mmであるとき、上記篩手段５２の目開Ｄmmを１～２０mm、好ましくは５～１０mmに設定することによって、１mm未満の灰を速やかに篩付粉砕機５０から排出させて０.０５mm未満の過粉砕粉の量を抑制することができる。この分級機４０および篩付粉砕機５０によれば、粒径０.１～１mmの割合が９０wt％以上の塩素含有灰を得ることができる。
In the classifier 40 and the crusher with sieve 50, the mesh size Dmm of the sieve means 52 of the crusher with sieve 50 is D/d=1 to 20 with respect to the mesh size dmm of the screen mesh 42 of the classifier 40. By setting it to preferably 5 to 10, it is possible to suppress excessive pulverization with respect to the particle size d mm of the classification standard, and to suppress an excessive amount of fine powder. Specifically, for example, when the mesh size d (classification standard) of the screen mesh 42 is 1 mm, by setting the mesh size D mm of the sieve means 52 to 1 to 20 mm, preferably 5 to 10 mm, the ash can be quickly discharged from the pulverizer 50 with a sieve to suppress the amount of over-pulverized powder of less than 0.05 mm. According to the classifier 40 and the pulverizer with sieve 50, it is possible to obtain chlorine-containing ash having a particle size of 0.1 to 1 mm at a rate of 90 wt % or more .

図示する装置では、分級機４０と篩付粉砕機５０が別に設けられているが、分級機構が内蔵された粉砕機を用いてもよい。 In the illustrated apparatus, the classifier 40 and the sieve pulverizer 50 are provided separately, but a pulverizer with a built-in classifying mechanism may be used.

分級粉砕手段２０から排出された塩素含有灰は搬送路４３を通じて洗浄槽６０に送られる。洗浄槽６０において水が加えられ、塩素含有灰の水スラリが形成される。該水スラリは撹拌洗浄して脱塩された後に固液分離手段７０に送られる。該固液分離手段７０は、例えばシックナーなどの沈澱槽を用いることができる。この固液分離手段（沈澱槽）７０において、本発明の脱塩洗浄処理された塩素含有灰の水スラリはろ過性が良いので、短時間で固形分が沈降して固液分離することができる。さらに高分子凝集剤を添加してろ過性を高め、固形分の沈降を早めることができる。 The chlorine-containing ash discharged from the classifying and pulverizing means 20 is sent to the washing tank 60 through the conveying path 43 . Water is added in wash tank 60 to form an aqueous slurry of chlorine-containing ash. The water slurry is washed with stirring and desalted, and then sent to the solid-liquid separation means 70 . For the solid-liquid separation means 70, a sedimentation tank such as a thickener can be used. In this solid-liquid separation means (sedimentation tank) 70, since the water slurry of the desalted and washed chlorine-containing ash of the present invention has good filterability, the solid content settles in a short period of time, enabling solid-liquid separation. . Further, a polymer flocculant can be added to enhance filterability and accelerate sedimentation of solids.

固液分離手段（沈降槽）７０で水分を分離した固形分は脱水手段８０に送られる。該脱水手段８０は例えばベルトフィルタなどを用いることができる。該脱水手段（ベルトフィルタ）８０によって水分が抜き出され、脱塩した水洗ケーキが回収される。 The solid content separated from the water by the solid-liquid separation means (sedimentation tank) 70 is sent to the dehydration means 80 . The dewatering means 80 can use, for example, a belt filter. Moisture is extracted by the dewatering means (belt filter) 80, and the desalted washed cake is collected.

本発明の脱塩洗浄装置では、分級基準ｄmm以上の塩素含有灰が粉砕機に導入されるので、分級基準ｄmmを大幅に下回る過剰粉砕の微細粉の発生が抑制され、目的の粒径範囲の割合が多い分級灰（篩下分級灰）を得ることができる。このためろ過性を損なわずに脱塩効果を高めた脱塩洗浄処理を行うことができる。 In the desalting and washing apparatus of the present invention, since chlorine-containing ash having a classification standard of dmm or more is introduced into the crusher, generation of excessively pulverized fine powder significantly below the classification standard of dmm is suppressed, and the target particle size range is reduced. It is possible to obtain classified ash (under-screen classified ash) with a large proportion. Therefore, it is possible to perform a desalting cleaning treatment that enhances the desalting effect without impairing filterability.

具体的には、本発明の脱塩洗浄方法に示すように、粒径０.１～１mmの割合を９０wt％以上にして脱塩洗浄することによって、ろ過性を損なわずに脱塩効果の高い脱塩洗浄処理を行うことができる。
Specifically, as shown in the desalting and washing method of the present invention, by desalting and washing with a ratio of 0.1 to 1 mm particle size of 90 wt % or more , a high desalting effect is obtained without impairing filterability. A desalting cleaning treatment can be performed.

また本発明の脱塩洗浄装置では、例えば、分級機４０の後段に粉砕機５０を設け、分級基準を超える塊状灰のみを粉砕するので、原灰の粒度に左右されずに目的の粒度範囲の分級灰を安定に得ることができる。これにより、水洗スラリの濾過性が向上するため、フィルタープレス等を用いたバッチ加圧ろ過でなくとも、ベルトフィルタ等を用いた連続ろ過が可能となり、処理能力の向上と設備の小型化を図ることができる。 In addition, in the desalting and washing apparatus of the present invention, for example, a pulverizer 50 is provided after the classifier 40 to pulverize only the lumpy ash that exceeds the classification standard. Classified ash can be stably obtained. As a result, the filterability of the washing slurry is improved, so continuous filtration using a belt filter, etc. is possible instead of batch pressure filtration using a filter press, etc., improving processing capacity and miniaturizing equipment. be able to.

塩素含有灰のろ過時間とケーキ洗浄時間を示すグラフ。Graph showing filtration time and cake washing time for chlorine-containing ash. 水洗ケーキの残留塩素濃度を示すグラフ。The graph which shows the residual chlorine concentration of the water-washed cake. 本発明の脱塩洗浄装置の概略図。1 is a schematic diagram of a desalting and cleaning apparatus of the present invention; FIG. 本発明の脱塩洗浄装置に設けられている粉砕分級手段の概略図。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of pulverization and classification means provided in the desalting and washing apparatus of the present invention;

以下、本発明の実施例を示す。
〔実施例１〕
塩素含有灰を０.１mm未満、０.１～０.２５mm、０.２５～０.５mm、０.５～１mm、１～２mm、２mm超の分級灰に分け、各分級灰９０ｇに水３１５mLを加え、１５分間撹拌して水洗スラリにし、これを５Ｂろ紙（９０mmφ）を用い、６００hPaで減圧ろ過してスラリ上面の水が切れるまでの時間を測定してろ過時間とし、さらにろ過後のケーキに水３５０mLを添加し、再度ろ過してケーキ洗浄とした。このろ過時間とケーキ洗浄時間を図１に示す。また、各分級灰の水洗ケーキの残留塩素濃度を図２に示した。 Examples of the present invention are shown below.
[Example 1]
Divide chlorine-containing ash into ash of less than 0.1 mm, 0.1-0.25 mm, 0.25-0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm, 1-2 mm, and more than 2 mm, and add 315 mL of water to each 90 g of ash. was added, stirred for 15 minutes to make a water-washed slurry, and this was filtered under reduced pressure at 600 hPa using 5B filter paper (90 mm φ). 350 mL of water was added to the solution and filtered again to wash the cake. This filtration time and cake washing time are shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows the residual chlorine concentration of the washed cake of each classified ash.

図１のグラフに示すように、粒径０.１mm未満の分級灰は、ろ過時間とケーキ洗浄時間の合計は約１６０秒以上であるが、粒径０.１～１.０mmの範囲の分級灰では、ろ過時間とケーキ洗浄時間の合計は約８０秒以下であり、ろ過洗浄時間は半分以下に短縮される。また、図２のグラフに示すように、水洗ケーキの残留塩素濃度は、粒径０.１～１.０mmの分級灰では約１.８wt％以下であるが、粒径０.１mm未満および粒径２mm超の分級灰の残留塩素濃度は何れも２wt％を上回り、脱塩効果が低い。 As shown in the graph of FIG. 1, the total filtration time and cake washing time for the classified ash with a particle size of less than 0.1 mm is about 160 seconds or more, but the classification with a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mm For ash, the sum of the filter time and cake wash time is about 80 seconds or less, reducing the filter wash time by more than half. In addition, as shown in the graph of FIG. 2, the residual chlorine concentration of the washed cake is about 1.8 wt% or less for classified ash with a particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 mm. The residual chlorine concentration of the classified ash having a diameter of more than 2 mm exceeds 2 wt%, and the desalination effect is low.

粒径２mm超の分級灰のろ過性が低いのは、ろ過時に過度に沈降や圧密が生じるためであると考えられる。一方、粒径０.１mm未満の分級灰のろ過性が低いのは、ろ過ケーキのろ過抵抗が大きいためであると考えられる。 The low filterability of the classified ash having a particle size of more than 2 mm is considered to be due to excessive sedimentation and compaction during filtration. On the other hand, the low filterability of the classified ash having a particle size of less than 0.1 mm is considered to be due to the high filtration resistance of the filter cake.

〔実施例２〕
図示する脱塩洗浄装置を用いて塩素含有灰の脱塩処理を行った。原灰１００ｇを分級機４０および篩付粉砕機５０に投入し、３分間粉砕分級して、粒径０.０５～１mmの割合が８０wt％の分級灰を得た。この分級灰の９０ｇを洗浄槽６０に入れ、水３１５mLを加えて１５分撹拌して水スラリにした。この水スラリを沈降槽７０に入れ、高分子凝集剤（ダイヤフロックＡＰ８２５Ｂ）３ｇを加えて撹拌した後に、スラリ上面の水が切れるまで静置して固液分離させた。その後、回収した固形分をベルトフィルタ８０に移して脱水し、水洗ケーキ６６ｇを得た。固液分離のろ過時間は１３秒であり、水洗ケーキの残留塩素は１.７wt％であった。 [Example 2]
The chlorine-containing ash was desalted using the illustrated desalting and washing apparatus. 100 g of raw ash was put into the classifier 40 and the crusher with sieve 50 and pulverized and classified for 3 minutes to obtain classified ash having a particle size of 0.05 to 1 mm in a proportion of 80 wt %. 90 g of this classified ash was placed in the washing tank 60, 315 mL of water was added, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes to form a water slurry. This water slurry was placed in a sedimentation tank 70, 3 g of a polymer flocculant (DIAFLOC AP825B) was added, and the mixture was stirred. After that, the collected solid content was transferred to the belt filter 80 and dehydrated to obtain 66 g of a water-washed cake. Filtration time for solid-liquid separation was 13 seconds, and residual chlorine in the washed cake was 1.7 wt%.

〔比較例１〕
原灰１００ｇを通常のカッターミルを用いて実施例２と同様の時間粉砕した後に、分級せずに粉砕灰の全量を洗浄槽６０に入れた以降は、実施例２と同様にして脱塩洗浄処理した。固液分離のろ過時間は２３秒であり、水洗ケーキの残留塩素は２.０wt％であった。 [Comparative Example 1]
After 100 g of raw ash was pulverized using a normal cutter mill for the same time as in Example 2, the entire amount of pulverized ash was put into the washing tank 60 without classification, and then desalted and washed in the same manner as in Example 2. processed. The filtration time for solid-liquid separation was 23 seconds, and the residual chlorine in the washed cake was 2.0 wt%.

比較例１は実施例２と比較してろ過時間が大幅に増加しており、ろ過装置の大型化および高コスト化や作業時間の長期化が生じる。因みに、比較例１のろ過時間は実施例２のろ過時間の約２倍に近いので、実用装置において、本発明と同程度のろ過時間を得るには約２倍に近い容量の設備が必要になる。また、比較例１のように残留塩素が２.０wt％以上になるとセメント資源などへの再利用が困難となる。 Compared to Example 2, Comparative Example 1 significantly increased the filtration time, resulting in an increase in the size and cost of the filtration device and a longer working time. Incidentally, since the filtration time of Comparative Example 1 is nearly twice that of Example 2, in order to obtain a filtration time equivalent to that of the present invention, a facility with a capacity nearly twice as large as that of the present invention is required in a practical apparatus. Become. Also, when the residual chlorine content is 2.0 wt % or more as in Comparative Example 1, it becomes difficult to recycle as a cement resource.

１０－ホッパ、２０－分級粉砕手段、３０－コンベア、４０－分級機、４１－ケーシング、４２－スクリーンメッシュ、４３－搬送路、５０－篩付粉砕機、５１－回転刃、５２－篩手段、５３－収納部、５４－循環路、６０－洗浄槽、７０－固液分離手段（沈降槽）、８０－脱水手段（ベルトフィルタ）。
10-hopper, 20-classifying pulverizing means, 30-conveyor, 40-classifier, 41-casing, 42-screen mesh, 43-conveyance path, 50-sifter with sieve, 51-rotating blade, 52-sieving means, 53-storage section, 54-circulation path, 60-washing tank, 70-solid-liquid separation means (sedimentation tank), 80-dehydration means (belt filter).

Claims (3)

塩素含有灰を水洗脱塩する方法において、該塩素含有灰をスラリにする前に、該塩素含有灰を分級して粒径０.１～１mmの割合が９０wt％以上の分級灰にし、その後、該分級灰に水を加えスラリにして水洗することを特徴とする脱塩洗浄方法。 In the method for washing and desalinating chlorine-containing ash , before making the chlorine-containing ash into slurry, the chlorine-containing ash is classified into classified ash having a particle size of 0.1 to 1 mm at a rate of 90 wt% or more, and then A desalting and washing method characterized in that water is added to the classified ash to form a slurry and the ash is washed with water. 分級基準１mmより粒径の大きい塩素含有灰を篩付粉砕機に導いて粉砕し、目開１～２０mmの篩手段を通過したものを分級して粒径０.１～１mmの割合が９０wt％以上の分級灰にし、該分級灰に水を加えスラリにして水洗する請求項１に記載する脱塩洗浄方法。 Chlorine-containing ash having a particle size larger than the classification standard of 1 mm is guided to a grinder with a sieve and pulverized. 2. The desalting and washing method according to claim 1, wherein the above classified ash is obtained, water is added to the classified ash, and the slurried slurry is washed with water. 塩素含有灰の粉砕機、粉砕した塩素含有灰をスラリにして水洗する洗浄槽、該スラリを固液分離する手段、分離した固形分を脱水する手段を備えた脱塩洗浄装置において、該粉砕機が篩付粉砕機であり、該篩付粉砕機の前段に、塩素含有灰を分級するスクリーンメッシュを備えた分級機が設けられており、該スクリーンメッシュの上面に残る塩素含有灰が上記篩付粉砕機に導入され、該篩付粉砕機には目開き１～２０mmの篩手段が設けられており、該篩手段の上面に残る塩素含有灰が繰り返し粉砕されるとともに、該篩手段を通過した塩素含有灰の粉砕物が上記分級機に戻され、該分級機に導入された塩素含有灰が上記スクリーンメッシュを通過して粒径０.１～１mmの割合が９０wt％以上の分級灰にされ、該分級灰が上記洗浄槽に導かれ、該分級灰に水を加えてスラリにして洗浄脱塩処理されることを特徴とする脱塩洗浄装置。
A desalting and washing apparatus comprising a crusher for chlorine-containing ash, a washing tank for making slurry of the crushed chlorine-containing ash and washing it with water, a means for solid-liquid separation of the slurry, and a means for dehydrating the separated solid content, wherein the crusher is a crusher with a sieve, and a classifier equipped with a screen mesh for classifying chlorine-containing ash is provided in the preceding stage of the crusher with a sieve, and the chlorine-containing ash remaining on the upper surface of the screen mesh is sieved Introduced into a pulverizer, the pulverizer with a sieve is provided with a sieve means with an opening of 1 to 20 mm , and the chlorine-containing ash remaining on the upper surface of the sieve means is repeatedly pulverized and passed through the sieve means. The pulverized chlorine-containing ash is returned to the classifier, and the chlorine-containing ash introduced into the classifier passes through the screen mesh to be classified ash having a particle size of 0.1 to 1 mm at a rate of 90 wt% or more. A desalting cleaning apparatus, wherein the classified ash is introduced into the cleaning tank, water is added to the classified ash to form a slurry, and the ash is washed and desalted.
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