JP7158780B1 - filament material - Google Patents
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- JP7158780B1 JP7158780B1 JP2021187706A JP2021187706A JP7158780B1 JP 7158780 B1 JP7158780 B1 JP 7158780B1 JP 2021187706 A JP2021187706 A JP 2021187706A JP 2021187706 A JP2021187706 A JP 2021187706A JP 7158780 B1 JP7158780 B1 JP 7158780B1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- -1 butylene terephthalic acid Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001896 polybutyrate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004629 polybutylene adipate terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000157282 Aesculus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016976 Quercus macrolepis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000190021 Zelkova Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010181 horse chestnut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000283070 Abies balsamea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007173 Abies balsamea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005638 Austrian pine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000218645 Cedrus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006055 Dacrydium cupressinum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018782 Dacrydium cupressinum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011201 Ginkgo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000194101 Ginkgo biloba Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008100 Ginkgo biloba Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008565 Pinus banksiana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000019397 Pinus jeffreyi Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013264 Pinus jeffreyi Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013697 Pinus resinosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008578 Pinus strobus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008585 Pinus thunbergii Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014030 Podocarpus spicatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017985 rocky mountain lodgepole pine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000301850 Cupressus sempervirens Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-dicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005586 poly(adipic acid) Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012356 Product development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000218691 Cupressaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001311472 Abies sachalinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000005109 Cryptomeria japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lactic Acid Natural products CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000534018 Larix kaempferi Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001250072 Oryctes rhinoceros Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000270666 Testudines Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000229 biodegradable polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004622 biodegradable polyester Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010299 mechanically pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013439 planning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02W90/10—Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics
Abstract
【課題】本発明は、環境に配慮する観点から、天然素材及び生分解性素材からなる３Ｄ印刷用フィラメント材料を提供することを課題とする。【解決手段】本発明は、フィラメント材料であって、フィラメント材料の総質量に対し、粉砕処理した木粉を１０質量％～２０質量％、ポリ乳酸を７０質量％～８５質量％、アジピン酸ポリブチレンテレフタル酸（ＰＢＡＴ）を５質量％～１０質量％の量で含むことを特徴とする、生分解性フィラメント材料、及びその製造方法に関する。【選択図】なしKind Code: A1 An object of the present invention is to provide a filament material for 3D printing made of a natural material and a biodegradable material in consideration of the environment. The present invention provides a filament material comprising 10% to 20% by mass of pulverized wood flour, 70% to 85% by mass of polylactic acid, and polyadipic acid, relative to the total mass of the filament material. The present invention relates to a biodegradable filamentary material, characterized in that it contains butylene terephthalic acid (PBAT) in an amount of 5% to 10% by weight, and a method for producing the same. [Selection figure] None
Description
本発明は、木粉を配合した天然素材樹脂を主とする３Ｄプリンタ用フィラメント及びその製造方法に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to filaments for 3D printers, which are mainly made of natural material resin mixed with wood flour, and to a method for producing the filaments.
近年は、３Ｄプリンタが企業の製品開発全般の場面において急速に発達してきた。３Ｄプリンタは、種々の規模の機器の普及に伴い、試作品製造から製品開発全般の場面、例えば、商品企画、設計、製品の開発工程におけるデザインや機能の確認など多岐にわたる場面で活用されている。試作品を外注加工に委ねていた従来に比べて、開発者が自ら試作品を製作できる点で活躍の場が広がっている。
他方、個人の手作り品も３Ｄプリンタを用い容易に作成できることから、広く３Ｄプリンタによる樹脂成形品製造が用いられようとしている。
In recent years, 3D printers have rapidly developed in general product development of companies. With the spread of devices of various sizes, 3D printers are used in a wide variety of situations, from prototype manufacturing to overall product development, such as product planning, design, and confirmation of design and functions in the product development process. . Compared to the past, where prototypes were outsourced, the opportunities for developers to create their own prototypes have expanded.
On the other hand, since individual hand-made products can be easily created using a 3D printer, resin molded product production using a 3D printer is being widely used.
ところで、近年、プラスチックごみによる環境汚染問題が広く問題となっている。海洋に放出されるプラスチックごみが海洋生態系に影響を与えるだけでなく、ごみ処理増加の問題もあり、プラスチックごみ削減が提言されている。 By the way, in recent years, the problem of environmental pollution caused by plastic waste has become a widespread problem. Plastic waste discharged into the ocean not only affects marine ecosystems, but also increases the problem of waste disposal, and the reduction of plastic waste has been proposed.
したがって、３Ｄプリンタを用いて多くの試作品を製作する場面や、個人が制作する物品であっても、製作の結果生じる造形物の試作及び／又は製作の自由度が増した結果、廃棄される造形物が大量になることを考えれば、３Ｄプリント材料も、プラスチック素材が少ないほうが、環境に配慮する観点から好ましい。 Therefore, even in situations where many prototypes are produced using a 3D printer, and even for articles produced by individuals, as a result of increased freedom in trial production and/or production of shaped objects resulting from production, they are discarded. Considering the large amount of objects to be molded, the 3D printing material should preferably contain less plastic material from the viewpoint of consideration for the environment.
特許文献１には、半結晶性ポリ乳酸７０重量％及び木質系セルロース繊維のパルプ２０重量％を含み、その他の材料はポリプロピレン１０重量％である積層造形フィラメント材料、及び半結晶性ポリ乳酸８０重量％及び木質系セルロース繊維のパルプが２０重量％の積層造形フィラメント材料が開示されている。
特許文献２には、生分解性脂肪族－芳香族ポリエステル６０－１００重量部にポリ乳酸０－４０重量部を加え、有機フィラー０－３５重量部を含む生分解性ポリエステル組成物が開示されている。
特許文献３には、木片をソルボサーマル処理しさらに化学処理したセルロースナノファイバーを２３重量％まで含むポリ乳酸との複合材料が開示されている。
Patent Document 1 describes a laminate-molded filament material containing 70% by weight of semi-crystalline polylactic acid and 20% by weight of pulp of woody cellulose fibers, the other material being 10% by weight of polypropylene, and 80% by weight of semi-crystalline polylactic acid. % and 20% by weight wood-based cellulose fiber pulp.
Patent Document 2 discloses a biodegradable polyester composition containing 0-40 parts by weight of polylactic acid added to 60-100 parts by weight of a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic polyester and 0-35 parts by weight of an organic filler. there is
Patent Document 3 discloses a composite material with polylactic acid containing up to 23% by weight of cellulose nanofibers obtained by solvothermally treating wood chips and further chemically treating them.
しかしながら、特許文献１及び３は、天然素材をセルロース繊維処理する工程を必要とする。また、ポリ乳酸とポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレートと組み合わせて使用する態様は開示されていない。また、特許文献２は、膜材におけるフィッシュアイ等の発生を防止するための組成である。 However, Patent Documents 1 and 3 require a step of treating natural materials with cellulose fibers. Also, there is no disclosure of a mode in which polylactic acid and polybutylene adipate terephthalate are used in combination. Moreover, Patent Document 2 discloses a composition for preventing the occurrence of fish eyes and the like in a film material.
したがって、本発明は、環境に配慮する観点から、天然素材及び生分解性素材からなる３Ｄプリンタ用フィラメント材料を提供することを目的とする。また、本発明の別の観点から、木材の端材の簡易で適切な用途を提供するために、木の風合いを生かした天然素材及び生分解性素材からなり、木材に係る天然素材を含む組成物でも同等の機械的特性を有する３Ｄプリンタ用フィラメント材料を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, from the viewpoint of consideration for the environment, an object of the present invention is to provide a filament material for 3D printers made of natural and biodegradable materials. In addition, from another aspect of the present invention, in order to provide simple and appropriate uses of wood offcuts, a composition containing natural materials related to wood is made of natural materials and biodegradable materials that make use of the texture of wood. An object of the present invention is to provide a filament material for 3D printers having mechanical properties equivalent to those of other materials.
上記課題を解決するために、発明者は鋭意研究を重ね、以下を発明するに至った。
即ち、本発明は、
＜１＞ フィラメントであって、
フィラメント材料の総質量に対し、粉砕処理した木粉を１０質量％～２０質量％、
ポリ乳酸を７０質量％～８５質量％、
ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート（ＰＢＡＴ）を５質量％～１０質量％
の量で含むことを特徴とする、生分解性の３Ｄプリンタ用のフィラメント。
＜２＞ 前記粉砕処理した木粉に用いられる木材が、ブナ、ナラ、カバ、クワ、サクラ、トチ、クリ、クルミ、ケヤキ、キリ、アカマツ、クロマツ、スギ、ツガ、ヒノキ、イチョウ、カラマツ、モミ、及び竹類由来の木材から選ばれる、＜１＞に記載のフィラメント。
＜３＞ 顔料又は着色剤を更に含む、＜１＞に記載のフィラメント。
＜４＞ 前記木粉の分級による粒径が５０～８０μｍである、＜１＞に記載のフィラメント。
＜５＞ 前記木粉の分級による粒径が７０～８０μｍである、＜１＞に記載のフィラメント。
＜６＞ 下記工程：
木材を粉砕処理し分級による粒径５０～８０μｍの木粉とする工程、
フィラメント材料の総質量に対し、前記粉砕処理した木粉を１０質量％～２０質量％とし、
ポリ乳酸を７０質量％～８５質量％、及び
ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート（ＰＢＡＴ）を５質量％～１０質量％
の量で含む組成物を、前記木粉と混合する工程、
前記混合工程で得られた混合物を押出成形する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする、３Ｄプリンタ用のフィラメントの製造方法、
である。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors conducted intensive research and came up with the following inventions.
That is, the present invention
<1> A filament ,
10% to 20% by mass of pulverized wood flour with respect to the total mass of the filament material,
70% by mass to 85% by mass of polylactic acid ,
5% to 10% by mass of polybutylene adipate terephthalate ( PBAT)
A filament for a biodegradable 3D printer , characterized in that it contains an amount of
<2> The wood used for the pulverized wood powder is beech, oak, birch, mulberry, cherry, horse chestnut, chestnut, walnut, zelkova, paulownia, red pine, black pine, cedar, hemlock, cypress, ginkgo, larch, and fir. , and bamboo-derived wood, the filament according to <1>.
<3> The filament according to <1>, further comprising a pigment or a coloring agent.
<4> The filament according to <1>, wherein the wood flour has a particle size of 50 to 80 μm as determined by classification.
<5> The filament according to <1>, wherein the wood flour has a particle size of 70 to 80 μm as determined by classification.
<6> The following steps:
A step of pulverizing wood and classifying it into wood powder having a particle size of 50 to 80 μm;
The pulverized wood flour is 10% to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the filament material,
70% by mass to 85% by mass of polylactic acid, and
5% to 10% by mass of polybutylene adipate terephthalate ( PBAT)
mixing with said wood flour a composition comprising in an amount of
extruding the mixture obtained in the mixing step;
A method for manufacturing a filament for a 3D printer, comprising:
is .
本発明によれば、製造方法における加工処理を効率良く進めることができる簡便な木粉の処理工程を含む、生分解性の高いフィラメント材料を提供することが可能である。本発明によるフィラメント材料は、木の風合いを生かした色調の造形物を得ることができ、充分な硬度が得られる他、造形の際の熱によるゆがみも無い良好な仕上がりが得られる。また、比重に関してはＰＬＡ１００％素材のフィラメントに比べ約３０％の軽量化が実現された。さらに、生分解性に優れるため、各種成形品の製造だけでなく、多数の試作品製作をする場合にも廃棄物が環境に配慮される点で好適に用いられる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly biodegradable filament material that includes a simple wood flour treatment step that allows efficient processing in the manufacturing method. The filament material according to the present invention can be used to obtain a molded product with a color tone that makes the most of the texture of wood, provides sufficient hardness, and provides a good finish without distortion due to heat during molding. As for the specific gravity, about 30% lighter than the filament made of 100% PLA material was realized. Furthermore, because of its excellent biodegradability, it is suitable for use not only in the production of various molded products, but also in the production of a large number of prototypes, from the standpoint of considering the environment as a waste product.
なお、本発明による３Ｄプリンタ用フィラメントは、熱溶解積層法（Ｆｕｓｅｄ Ｆｉｌａｍｅｎｔ Ｆａｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ：ＦＤＭ）方式に用いる、リールに巻かれたフィラメント状の樹脂を指す。 The 3D printer filament according to the present invention refers to a filament-shaped resin wound on a reel for use in a Fused Filament Fabrication (FDM) method.
本発明に係るフィラメント材料は、木粉と、生分解性プラスチックと、ＰＢＡＴとを含む。
そして、本発明によるフィラメント材料は、高い生分解性を示し、好ましくは９０％～１００％、より好ましくは、９５％～１００％、最も好ましくは、分解性１００％（当該場合の生分解は、工業用コンポスト、温度６０℃、湿度６０％以上）を示す。
The filament material according to the invention includes wood flour, biodegradable plastic and PBAT.
And the filament material according to the invention exhibits a high biodegradability, preferably 90% to 100%, more preferably 95% to 100%, most preferably 100% degradability (in which case the biodegradation is industrial compost, temperature 60°C, humidity 60% or more).
本発明に係るフィラメント材料の主原料は、木粉である。木粉を用いることにより、環境に配慮した成分分量を増やし、生分解性プラスチック素材の含有量を減じ、さらに、３Ｄプリンタで製造する試作品や製品に木の風合いを加味することができる。
木粉の例としては、原木又はその端材等の木材を機械的に粉砕して得られる。当該木材の例としては、ブナ、ナラ、カバ、クワ、サクラ、トチ、クリ、クルミ、ケヤキ、キリ等の広葉樹、アカマツ、クロマツ、スギ、ツガ、ヒノキ、イチョウ、カラマツ、モミ等の針葉樹、竹類等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、汎用の木粉としては、ヒノキ、トドマツ、カラマツ、スギ等が利用可能であるが、これらに限定されるものではない。ただし、樹液が豊富でない木材がより好ましく用いられる。
The main raw material of the filament material according to the invention is wood flour. By using wood flour, it is possible to increase the amount of environmentally friendly ingredients, reduce the content of biodegradable plastic materials, and add the texture of wood to prototypes and products manufactured with 3D printers.
An example of wood flour is obtained by mechanically pulverizing wood such as raw wood or its offcuts. Examples of the wood include broad-leaved trees such as beech, oak, birch, mulberry, cherry, horse chestnut, chestnut, walnut, zelkova, and paulownia; and the like, but are not limited to these. As general-purpose wood flour, cypress, Sakhalin fir, Japanese larch, Japanese cedar, etc. can be used, but it is not limited to these. However, wood that is not rich in sap is more preferably used.
本発明に使用される木粉は、樹皮を取り除いた木粉、樹皮を含んで粉状としたものいずれも使用され得、いずれの場合においても同様の色調のフィラメント材料を得られ得る。 The wood flour used in the present invention may be either bark-free wood flour or powdered wood flour containing bark. In either case, a filament material with a similar color tone can be obtained.
また、本発明に使用される木粉は、原木から派生した端材の再利用も本発明の木粉として使用され得る。 In addition, the wood flour used in the present invention can also be used as the wood flour of the present invention by reusing offcuts derived from raw wood.
木粉の粉砕方法は、例えば、概ね以下のとおりである。
先ず、桑の原木を、薪割機を用いて長さ３０ｃｍ、縦横８ｃｍ以内の薪に切断し、次にチッパーと呼ばれる粉砕機で５ｃｍ程度の大きさの木片に切断し、水分が８％～１４％になるまで乾燥させる。
続いて、粉砕機を用いて所定の粒径の木粉となるまで粉砕処理を行う。一例として、オリエント式粉砕機（オリエント粉砕機株式会社製、型番：ＶＭ－２２Ｋ）で８ｍｍ程度の大きさに粉砕する。粉砕条件は、回転数９４０ｍｉｎ－１、スクリーン径８．０ｍｍとする。次いで、マキノ式粉砕機（槇野産業株式会社製、型番：ＤＤ―２－３．７）を用いて２５０μｍ程度の大きさに粉砕する。粉砕条件は、回転数５，６００ｍｉｎ－１、スクリーン径２．０ｍｍとする。さらにマキノ式粉砕機にミクロシフター（槇野産業株式会社製、型番：ＭＳ－３０－ＮＦ）をつなぎ分級することで７７μｍ以下の大きさに粉砕する。粉砕条件は、マキノ式粉砕機の回転数５，６００ｍｉｎ－１、スクリーン径０．３５ｍｍ、ミクロシフターの回転数１００ｍｉｎ－１、分級用スクリーンを用いる。
The method of pulverizing wood flour is generally as follows, for example.
First, a mulberry log is cut into firewood pieces within 30 cm in length and 8 cm in length and width using a wood splitter, and then cut into pieces of wood of approximately 5 cm in size using a grinder called a chipper. Dry to 14%.
Subsequently, pulverization is performed using a pulverizer until the wood powder has a predetermined particle size. As an example, it is pulverized to a size of about 8 mm with an Orient pulverizer (manufactured by Orient Pulverizer Co., Ltd., model number: VM-22K). The pulverization conditions are a rotation speed of 940 min-1 and a screen diameter of 8.0 mm. Then, it is pulverized to a size of about 250 μm using a Makino pulverizer (manufactured by Makino Sangyo Co., Ltd., model number: DD-2-3.7). The pulverization conditions are a rotation speed of 5,600 min-1 and a screen diameter of 2.0 mm. Furthermore, a micro sifter (manufactured by Makino Sangyo Co., Ltd., model number: MS-30-NF) is connected to the Makino type pulverizer and classified to pulverize to a size of 77 μm or less. The pulverization conditions are a Makino pulverizer with a rotation speed of 5,600 min-1, a screen diameter of 0.35 mm, a micro-sifter with a rotation speed of 100 min-1, and a classifying screen.
これらの木粉は、このように原木及び／又は廃材を粉砕したものであり、当該木粉の粒径は、数μｍ～数百μｍ、好ましくは５０μｍ～８０μｍ、より好ましくは７０μｍ～８０μｍ、例えば７７μｍである。
木粉の粒径は、分級を用いて測定され得る。粒径が大きすぎると、フィラメントの製造においてノズルの目詰まりを起こし好ましくないため、上記粒径が決定される。また、粒径が小さすぎると、粉砕処理の負荷が増し、また、後の混練り作業工程で木粉が拡散し不都合が生じる。
上記のとおり、煩雑な化学的前処理工程を要することなく木材を上記所定の粒径に加工することにより、本発明のフィラメント材料に添加される。
These wood flours are obtained by pulverizing raw wood and/or waste wood in this way, and the particle size of the wood flours is several μm to several hundred μm, preferably 50 μm to 80 μm, more preferably 70 μm to 80 μm. 77 μm.
The particle size of wood flour can be measured using classification. If the particle size is too large, nozzle clogging is unfavorable in the production of filaments, so the above particle size is determined. On the other hand, if the particle size is too small, the load of the pulverization process will increase, and the wood powder will spread in the subsequent kneading process, causing problems.
As described above, it is added to the filament material of the present invention by processing the wood to the predetermined particle size without the need for complicated chemical pretreatment steps.
当該木粉の割合は、本発明のフィラメント材料の総質量に対し、５質量％～３０質量％、より好ましくは１０質量％～２０質量％、最も好ましくは１０質量％の割合でフィラメント材料の製造工程に添加される。木粉の割合が３０質量％を超えると、本発明のフィラメントの特性を満たすことができず、木粉の割合が５質量％未満であると、木材の風合いが生かせず、また、木材端材の利用用途を生かす本発明の利点を生かすことができないので、上記割合が決定される。 The proportion of the wood flour is 5% to 30% by weight, more preferably 10% to 20% by weight, most preferably 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the filament material of the present invention. added to the process. If the proportion of wood flour exceeds 30% by mass, the characteristics of the filament of the present invention cannot be satisfied. The above ratio is determined because the advantage of the present invention, which makes use of the application of the above, cannot be utilized.
本発明によるフィラメント材料のその他の成分は、ポリ乳酸（ＰＬＡ）である。ポリ乳酸は、バイオマス由来の生分解性プラスチックである。この生分解性の高い素材であるポリ乳酸が最も本発明の目的に合致した材料である。本発明に使用されＰＬＡは、高耐熱グレードが好ましいが、これに限定されるものではない。 Another component of the filament material according to the invention is polylactic acid (PLA). Polylactic acid is a biodegradable plastic derived from biomass. Polylactic acid, which is a highly biodegradable material, is the material most suitable for the purpose of the present invention. The PLA used in the present invention is preferably a high heat resistant grade, but is not limited to this.
当該ポリ乳酸の割合は、本発明のフィラメント材料の総質量に対し、好ましくは７０質量％～８５質量％、より好ましくは７０質量％～８３質量％の割合でフィラメント材料の製造工程に添加される。フィラメント材料中のポリ乳酸の割合が低すぎると、本発明のフィラメントの所望の製品特性を有するフィラメントが得られづらくなり、また、ノズル詰まりを起こしやすくなり、弾力性も保てない。ポリ乳酸の割合が高すぎると、本発明のフィラメントの特徴である木の風合いが得られにくくなる。 The proportion of the polylactic acid is preferably 70% by mass to 85% by mass, more preferably 70% by mass to 83% by mass, relative to the total mass of the filament material of the present invention. . If the proportion of polylactic acid in the filament material is too low, it becomes difficult to obtain filaments having the desired product properties of the filaments of the present invention, nozzle clogging is likely to occur, and elasticity cannot be maintained. If the proportion of polylactic acid is too high, it becomes difficult to obtain the texture of wood, which is a feature of the filament of the present invention.
本発明によるフィラメント材料に含まれる他の成分は、ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレートである。ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレートは、石油化学由来であるが、生分解性プラスチックであり、本発明に少量用いる。 Another component included in the filament material according to the invention is polybutylene adipate terephthalate . Polybutylene adipate terephthalate , although of petrochemical origin, is a biodegradable plastic and is used in small amounts in the present invention.
当該ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレートの割合は、本発明のフィラメント材料の総質量に対し、５質量％～１０質量％、より好ましくは５質量％～８質量％、最も好ましくは５質量％～７質量％の割合でフィラメント材料の製造工程に添加される。
当該ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレートの割合は、本発明に係るフィラメントを得るために好適な割合を提供するものである。ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート量を増加させると、ポリ乳酸量を相対的に減少させることになるため、フィラメントの強度が保てなくなる。また、ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート量が少なすぎると、フィラメントの弾力性が失われるため、上記範囲が決定される。
The proportion of said polybutylene adipate terephthalate is 5% to 10%, more preferably 5% to 8%, most preferably 5% to 7% by weight, relative to the total weight of the filament material of the present invention. is added to the manufacturing process of the filament material at a rate of
The proportion of polybutylene adipate terephthalate provides a suitable proportion for obtaining filaments according to the invention . If the amount of polybutylene adipate terephthalate is increased, the amount of polylactic acid is relatively decreased, so that the filament strength cannot be maintained. Also , if the amount of polybutylene adipate terephthalate is too small, the elasticity of the filament is lost, so the above range is determined.
本発明によるフィラメント材料は、上記成分以外に、その他の成分として添加剤を任意に含み得る。添加剤の例としては、潤滑剤、顔料又は着色剤等が挙げられ、例えば、オイルの一種であるパラフィンオイルは、混練時の原料の均等分散のために適宜用いられ有効であり、任意に含まれ得る。パラフィンオイルの他に、例えば、パラフィンワックス、加工助剤オイル等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。 The filament material according to the invention may optionally contain additives as other components in addition to the above components. Examples of additives include lubricants, pigments, colorants, and the like. For example, paraffin oil, which is a type of oil, is appropriately used and effective for uniformly dispersing raw materials during kneading, and is optionally included. can be In addition to paraffin oil, for example, paraffin wax, processing aid oil, etc. may be used, but not limited thereto.
本発明のフィラメント材料に用いる木粉は、木材を乾燥後、適宜所望の大きさに裁断し所望の粒径を得るために粉砕処理を行う。木材の端材の簡易な用途を提供するため、化学的処理は行われない。
そして、本発明によるフィラメント材料は、公知のフィラメント製造用押出機を用いて所望の形状のフィラメント材料に成形され、巻取り機で巻取り製造することができる。
そして、本発明のフィラメントから、適正な出力条件の元で得られた造形物は、充分な硬度が得られる他、造形の際の熱によるゆがみも無い良好な仕上がりとなっている。
下記に、本発明の態様の例を説明する。
The wood flour used for the filament material of the present invention is obtained by drying the wood, cutting it into a desired size, and pulverizing it to obtain a desired particle size. No chemical treatment is used to provide easy use of the wood offcuts.
Then, the filament material according to the present invention can be formed into a filament material having a desired shape using a known filament manufacturing extruder, and can be wound up using a winding machine.
A modeled article obtained from the filament of the present invention under appropriate output conditions has sufficient hardness and a good finish without distortion due to heat during modeling.
Examples of aspects of the invention are described below.
実施例１
木粉の粉砕
桑の原木を、薪割機を用いて長さ３０ｃｍ、縦横８ｃｍ以内の薪に切断し、次にチッパーと呼ばれる粉砕機で５ｃｍ程度の大きさの木片に切断し、水分が８％～１４％になるまで乾燥させた。
続いて、これをオリエント式粉砕機（オリエント粉砕機株式会社製、型番：ＶＭ－２２Ｋ）で８ｍｍ程度の大きさに粉砕した。粉砕条件は、回転数９４０ｍｉｎ－１、スクリーン径８．０ｍｍとした。次いで、マキノ式粉砕機（槇野産業株式会社製、型番：ＤＤ―２－３．７）を用いて２５０μｍ程度の大きさに粉砕した。粉砕条件は、回転数５，６００ｍｉｎ－１、スクリーン径２．０ｍｍとした。さらにマキノ式粉砕機にミクロシフター（槇野産業株式会社製、型番：ＭＳ－３０－ＮＦ）をつなぎ分級することで７７μｍ以下の大きさに粉砕した。粉砕条件は、マキノ式粉砕機の回転数５，６００ｍｉｎ－１、スクリーン径０．３５ｍｍ、ミクロシフターの回転数１００ｍｉｎ－１、分級用スクリーンを用いた。
Example 1
Pulverization of wood flour Mulberry wood is cut into firewood within 30 cm in length and 8 cm in length and width using a wood splitter, and then cut into pieces of wood with a size of about 5 cm with a grinder called a chipper. % to 14%.
Subsequently, this was pulverized to a size of about 8 mm by an Orient pulverizer (manufactured by Orient Pulverizer Co., model number: VM-22K). The pulverization conditions were a rotation speed of 940 min-1 and a screen diameter of 8.0 mm. Then, it was pulverized to a size of about 250 μm using a Makino pulverizer (manufactured by Makino Sangyo Co., Ltd., model number: DD-2-3.7). The pulverization conditions were a rotation speed of 5,600 min-1 and a screen diameter of 2.0 mm. Furthermore, a micro sifter (manufactured by Makino Sangyo Co., Ltd., model number: MS-30-NF) was connected to the Makino pulverizer and classified to pulverize to a size of 77 μm or less. The pulverization conditions were a Makino pulverizer with a rotation speed of 5,600 min −1 , a screen diameter of 0.35 mm, a micro shifter with a rotation speed of 100 min −1 , and a classifying screen.
実施例２
生分解性フィラメント製造に、ＡＳ－１押出機（株式会社エーペックスジャパン製）を使用した。桑の原木を粉砕した木粉（粒径７７μｍ）１０質量部、ＰＬＡ（ポリ乳酸：とうもろこし澱粉樹脂、安徽豊原福泰来聚乳酸有限公司製、型番：Ｐ－２０１２－１０１２２、）８３質量部及びＰＢＡＴ（ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート、営口康輝石化有限公司製、型番：ＫＨＢ２０２１）７質量部を、ＡＳ－１押出機に供給する。ベンダー推奨の押出設定の下で、上記木粉と樹脂ブレンドを、淡褐色を有するφ１．７５ｍｍフィラメントに押出成形した。
Example 2
An AS-1 extruder (manufactured by Apex Japan Co., Ltd.) was used to produce biodegradable filaments. 10 parts by mass of wood powder (particle size 77 μm) obtained by pulverizing mulberry raw wood, PLA (polylactic acid: corn starch resin, manufactured by Anhui Fengyuan Futai Lai Lactic Acid Co., Ltd., model number: P-2012-10122) 83 parts by mass, and 7 parts by mass of PBAT (polybutylene adipate terephthalate, manufactured by Yingkou Kangpyochemical Co., Ltd., model number: KHB2021) is supplied to the AS-1 extruder. The wood flour and resin blend was extruded into φ1.75 mm filaments with a light brown color under the extrusion settings recommended by the vendor.
実施例２において作製したフィラメントを長さ５０×φ１．７５ｍｍの試験片とし、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ７１６１－１に準拠した引張試験（測定数ｎ＝５）、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ７１７１に準拠した曲げ試験（測定数ｎ＝５）を行った。また、実施例２において作製したフィラメントを長さ１６０×φ１．７５ｍｍの試験片とし、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ７１１１－１に準拠したシャルピー衝撃試験（測定数ｎ＝４）を行った。 The filament prepared in Example 2 was used as a test piece with a length of 50 × φ 1.75 mm, and a tensile test in accordance with JIS K 7161-1 (number of measurements n = 5), a bending test in accordance with JIS K 7171 (number of measurements n = 5) was performed. Also, the filament produced in Example 2 was used as a test piece of length 160×φ1.75 mm, and subjected to a Charpy impact test (measurement number n=4) in accordance with JIS K 7111-1.
結果を下記表に示す。
注）Ｎ：未破壊
The results are shown in the table below.
Note) N: Not destroyed
結果より、木粉を上記割合で添加してもポリ乳酸を原料とする材料の所定の性能を有していた。特に、引張弾性率・曲げ弾性率の結果は、市販されているフィラメントに比べ高い数値が出ており、品質的にも十分なものと考えられる。 As a result, even if wood flour was added in the above ratio, the material had the predetermined performance of a material made from polylactic acid as a raw material. In particular, the results of tensile modulus and flexural modulus are higher than those of commercially available filaments, and the filament is considered to be of sufficient quality.
実施例３
桑の木粉２０質量部、ポリ乳酸（マエダ化成株式会社製、型番：Ｌ１３０）７０質量部及びＰＢＡＴ（ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート、営口康輝石化有限公司製、型番：ＫＨＢ２０２１）１０質量部とし、パラフィン油数滴を添加した以外は実施例２と同様の方法を用いて種々の直径を有するフィラメントを押出成形した。
Example 3
20 parts by mass of mulberry wood powder, 70 parts by mass of polylactic acid (manufactured by Maeda Kasei Co., Ltd., model number: L130) and 10 parts by mass of PBAT (polybutylene adipate terephthalate, manufactured by Yingkou Kangxi Petrochemical Co., Ltd., model number: KHB2021), paraffin oil Filaments with various diameters were extruded using the same method as in Example 2, except that a few drops were added.
実施例３で製造したフィラメント材料の、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ７１６１－２に準拠した引張試験の測定結果を表２に示す。
実施例４
実施例２で製造したフィラメントを用いて、ＦＦＦ（熱溶解積層）方式３Ｄプリンタ（フラッシュフォージ（登録商標）社製）を用いて、下記Ａ～Ｃのモデルを製造した。
Ａ：六角ネジ（長さ３０ｍｍ、ネジ径６ｍｍ）
Ｂ：家屋モデル（Ｄ４５ｍｍ、Ｗ６７ｍｍ、Ｈ３２ｍｍ）
Ｃ：カブトムシ（体長９５ｍｍ）
得られた成形物のサポート材を除去し、最終製品（重量は、それぞれＡは１．１２ｇ、Ｂは９．３５ｇ、Ｃは２５ｇ）を得、その外観を観察した。
Example 4
Using the filament produced in Example 2, models A to C below were produced using an FFF (Fused Fused Layering) 3D printer (manufactured by Flash Forge (registered trademark)).
A: Hexagonal screw (length 30 mm, screw diameter 6 mm)
B: House model (D45mm, W67mm, H32mm)
C: Rhinoceros beetle (body length 95mm)
The support material was removed from the resulting molded product to obtain the final product (weight: 1.12 g for A, 9.35 g for B, and 25 g for C), and the appearance thereof was observed.
比較例１
市販のＰＬＡ１００％フィラメント（フラッシュフォージ（登録商標）社製、１．７５ｍｍＰＬＡライトグレーフィラメント）を用いて、実施例４と同様にＡ～Ｃのモデルを製造した。
Comparative example 1
Models A to C were produced in the same manner as in Example 4 using a commercially available PLA 100% filament (1.75 mm PLA light gray filament manufactured by Flashforge (registered trademark)).
実施例４において製造したＡ～Ｃのモデルはいずれも、比較例１でのモデルと比較して、充分な硬度が得られる他、造形の際の熱によるゆがみも無い良好な仕上がりが得られ、強度や正確性も保持していた。また、比重に関しては約３０％軽量となった。さらに、木の風合いを生かした色調の造形物を得ることができた。 All of the models A to C produced in Example 4 have sufficient hardness compared to the model in Comparative Example 1, and also have a good finish without distortion due to heat during modeling. It also retained strength and accuracy. In addition, the specific gravity was reduced by about 30%. Furthermore, it was possible to obtain a shaped object with a color tone that makes use of the texture of wood.
実施例５
実施例２で製造したフィラメントを用いて、ＦＦＦ（熱溶解積層）方式３Ｄプリンタ（フラッシュフォージ（登録商標）社製）を用いて、全長４５ｍｍの亀の置物モデル５０個を連続して製造し、サポート材を除去した後に最終製品各４．８５ｇを得た。
外観を観察した結果、全てのモデルにおいて同品質のモデルを製造することができ、従来のフィラメントと同様に連続製造が可能であった。充分な硬度が得られる他、造形の際の熱によるゆがみも無い良好な仕上がりが得られ、強度や正確性も保持していた。また、木の風合いを生かした色調の造形物を得ることができた。
Example 5
Using the filament produced in Example 2, 50 turtle figurine models with a total length of 45 mm were continuously produced using an FFF (Fused Fused Layering) 3D printer (manufactured by Flash Forge (registered trademark)), 4.85 g each of the final product was obtained after removing the support material.
As a result of observing the appearance, it was possible to manufacture models of the same quality for all models, and it was possible to continuously manufacture them in the same way as conventional filaments. In addition to obtaining sufficient hardness, a good finish was obtained without distortion due to heat during molding, and strength and accuracy were maintained. In addition, it was possible to obtain a shaped object with a color tone that makes use of the texture of wood.
以上、本発明の実施例について詳述したが、本発明は、かかる特定の実施態様に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された本発明の要旨の範囲において、種々の改良・変更が可能である。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments, and various improvements and improvements can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the scope of claims. Change is possible.
Claims (6)
フィラメント材料の総質量に対し、粉砕処理した木粉を１０質量％～２０質量％、
ポリ乳酸を７０質量％～８５質量％、
ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート（ＰＢＡＴ）を５質量％～１０質量％
の量で含むことを特徴とする、生分解性の３Ｄプリンタ用のフィラメント。 a filament ,
10% to 20% by mass of pulverized wood flour with respect to the total mass of the filament material,
70% by mass to 85% by mass of polylactic acid ,
5% to 10% by mass of polybutylene adipate terephthalate ( PBAT)
A filament for a biodegradable 3D printer , characterized in that it contains an amount of
木材を粉砕処理し分級による粒径５０～８０μｍの木粉とする工程、
フィラメント材料の総質量に対し、前記粉砕処理した木粉を１０質量％～２０質量％とし、
ポリ乳酸を７０質量％～８５質量％、及び
ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート（ＰＢＡＴ）を５質量％～１０質量％
の量で含む組成物を、前記木粉と混合する工程、
前記混合工程で得られた混合物を押出成形する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする、３Ｄプリンタ用のフィラメントの製造方法。 The following process:
A step of pulverizing wood and classifying it into wood powder having a particle size of 50 to 80 μm;
The pulverized wood flour is 10% to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the filament material,
70% by mass to 85% by mass of polylactic acid, and
5% to 10% by mass of polybutylene adipate terephthalate ( PBAT)
mixing with said wood flour a composition comprising in an amount of
extruding the mixture obtained in the mixing step;
A method of manufacturing a filament for a 3D printer, comprising :
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Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003183934A (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2003-07-03 | Unitica Fibers Ltd | Biodegradable synthetic filament |
| JP2007515544A (en) | 2003-12-22 | 2007-06-14 | イーストマン ケミカル カンパニー | Compatibilized blends of biodegradable polymers with improved rheology |
| JP2008239645A (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-09 | Aichi Prefecture | Polylactic acid-based resin composition, method for producing the same and molded article |
| JP2009527592A (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2009-07-30 | ぺー・アガー・ベー・インドウストリアル・エシ・アー | Environmentally degradable polymer blend and method for obtaining an environmentally degradable polymer blend |
| JP2013542292A (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2013-11-21 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | Use of polymer mixtures to produce slit film tape |
| CN108641319A (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-12 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of polylactic acid wood plastic composite and preparation method, application for 3D printing musical instrument |
| JP2021160807A (en) | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-11 | アイ‐コンポロジー株式会社 | Device for food product and container package, marine material, and marine biodegradable resin composition |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20200071816A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-22 | 롯데케미칼 주식회사 | 3-D Printing Polylactic Acid Filament Composition for Improving Surface Property and filament for 3-dimension printer using the same |
-
2021
- 2021-11-18 JP JP2021187706A patent/JP7158780B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003183934A (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2003-07-03 | Unitica Fibers Ltd | Biodegradable synthetic filament |
| JP2007515544A (en) | 2003-12-22 | 2007-06-14 | イーストマン ケミカル カンパニー | Compatibilized blends of biodegradable polymers with improved rheology |
| JP2009527592A (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2009-07-30 | ぺー・アガー・ベー・インドウストリアル・エシ・アー | Environmentally degradable polymer blend and method for obtaining an environmentally degradable polymer blend |
| JP2008239645A (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-09 | Aichi Prefecture | Polylactic acid-based resin composition, method for producing the same and molded article |
| JP2013542292A (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2013-11-21 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | Use of polymer mixtures to produce slit film tape |
| CN108641319A (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-12 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of polylactic acid wood plastic composite and preparation method, application for 3D printing musical instrument |
| JP2021160807A (en) | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-11 | アイ‐コンポロジー株式会社 | Device for food product and container package, marine material, and marine biodegradable resin composition |
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