JP7156765B2

JP7156765B2 - Quenching method for steel parts

Info

Publication number: JP7156765B2
Application number: JP2018219082A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 勝園部; 茂則山田
Original assignee: Nachi Fujikoshi Corp; Suzuki Motor Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nachi Fujikoshi Corp; Suzuki Motor Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-22
Filing date: 2018-11-22
Publication date: 2022-10-19
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-22
Also published as: JP2020084257A

Description

本発明は、冷媒を貯留した焼入槽内で自動車部品等の被処理物（鋼製部品）を焼入処理する焼入方法に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a quenching method for quenching an object to be treated (steel parts) such as automobile parts in a quenching tank containing a refrigerant.

一般的に自動車部品に代表される機械部品（鋼製部品）を焼入処理する際には、冷媒（油等）を満たした焼入槽に機械部品を浸漬させる。その際、処理効率の観点から複数の部品を積載した状態で焼入槽に浸漬させるため、積載されている部品の位置によって焼入槽内の油の流れは異なる。 When quenching mechanical parts (steel parts) typically represented by automobile parts, the mechanical parts are immersed in a quenching bath filled with a coolant (oil or the like). At this time, from the viewpoint of processing efficiency, since a plurality of parts are loaded and immersed in the quenching bath, the oil flow in the quenching bath differs depending on the position of the loaded parts.

例えば、焼入槽の内壁に位置する部品と積載された部品群の中央位置にある部品との間には自ずから油の流速に違いが生じる。焼入れ時において、部品の付近を流れる油の流速の違いが発生すると、機械部品の冷却速度も異なる。その結果、積載されている部品群の位置によって焼入効果の差異が生じる。 For example, there is naturally a difference in oil flow velocity between the parts positioned on the inner wall of the quenching bath and the parts positioned in the center of the stacked parts group. During quenching, if there is a difference in the flow speed of oil flowing near the parts, the cooling speed of the machine parts also differs. As a result, a difference in hardening effect occurs depending on the position of the stacked parts group.

そのため、油を用いた焼入処理においては焼入処理を行う部品の付近を通過する油の流速を正確に把握して、複数の部品間で冷却速度の差異をなるべく解消することが求められる。そのような部品間の冷却速度をなるべく均一にする方法としては、例えば、特許文献１では焼入槽内の冷却液を下方から上方へ向けて吐出する吐出口を備えた冷却槽の底部に備えて、吐出口からの冷却液の流れを被処理物の中央へ導く焼入装置が開示されている。 Therefore, in the quenching treatment using oil, it is required to accurately grasp the flow velocity of the oil passing near the part to be quenched, and to eliminate the difference in the cooling rate among the parts as much as possible. As a method for making the cooling rate between such parts as uniform as possible, for example, in Patent Document 1, the bottom of the cooling tank is provided with a discharge port for discharging the cooling liquid in the quenching tank from the bottom to the top. Then, a quenching apparatus is disclosed in which the flow of cooling liquid from a discharge port is directed to the center of the workpiece.

また、特許文献２では、焼入槽内で積載される位置が上方であるか、もしくは下方であるかによって生じる焼入油の流速の違いによって生じる冷却効果を均一にするために、焼入槽の上部に断面形状がくさび形の整流板を設置する焼入装置が開示されている。 In addition, in Patent Document 2, in order to equalize the cooling effect caused by the difference in the flow velocity of the quenching oil caused by whether the loading position in the quenching bath is upward or downward, the quenching bath A quenching apparatus is disclosed in which a rectifying plate having a wedge-shaped cross section is installed on the upper part of the plate.

特開２０１０－７１４６号公報JP 2010-7146 A 特開２０１６－２１１０２６号公報JP 2016-211026 A

しかし、被処理物（鋼製部品）をカゴ等の被処理物移動手段に挿入して焼入処理する際、被処理物の充填量が多いと下部に設置された被処理物と上部に設置された被処理物における油の流れとの間には流速の差（違い）が顕著に発生する。特に、カゴの上部中央付近では油が滞留する傾向にあるので、油の流速が低下して、結果として上部に設置された被処理物の硬さは下部に設置された被処理物に比べて低下する。 However, when the workpiece (steel part) is inserted into a basket or other workpiece moving means and quenched, if the amount of workpiece is too large, the workpiece placed at the bottom and the workpiece placed at the top A significant difference in flow velocity occurs between the oil flow and the oil flow in the object to be processed. In particular, since oil tends to stagnate near the center of the upper part of the basket, the flow velocity of the oil decreases, and as a result, the hardness of the material placed in the upper part is lower than that of the material placed in the lower part. descend.

これは、焼入処理後の被処理物の硬さは焼入処理時の冷却液の流速によって大きく影響を受けるので、一定以上の流速が確保できれば被処理物の焼入効果、すなわち硬化深さを安定にすることができる。一方、カゴの下部に設置された被処理物の周囲は油の流速がカゴの上部に比べて速いため、上部に設置された被処理物の硬さに比べて焼入硬化が一層広がる要因ともなっていた。 This is because the hardness of the workpiece after quenching is greatly affected by the flow rate of the cooling liquid during quenching. can be stabilized. On the other hand, since the oil flow speed is higher around the object to be treated placed in the lower part of the basket than in the upper part of the basket, quench hardening spreads more than the hardness of the object to be treated placed in the upper part. was

そこで、本発明においては被処理物（鋼製部品）の充填量が多い場合でもカゴ上部の中央付近に必要十分な油の流れを供給することができて、かつ油が被処理物を避けるように被処理物の周囲で流速が大きくなることを抑制できて、被処理物の冷却速度を均一にできる、鋼製部品の焼入方法を提供することを課題とする。 Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to supply a necessary and sufficient flow of oil to the vicinity of the center of the upper part of the basket even when the amount of the object to be treated (steel parts) is large, and to avoid the oil from entering the object to be treated. To provide a method for quenching a steel part, which can suppress an increase in the flow velocity around the object to be treated, and can uniformize the cooling speed of the object to be treated.

前述した課題を解決するために、本発明は油を貯留する焼入槽と、焼入槽内の油を撹拌する撹拌手段と、鋼製部品（被処理物）を焼入槽内で移動させる鋼製部品移動手段を備えた焼入装置を用いた焼入方法において、開口部を有した天板を用いて鋼製部品の上方を覆いながら鋼製部品の焼入処理を行う鋼製部品の焼入方法とした。また、この開口部は天板の中央部に設けてもよい。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a quenching tank that stores oil, a stirring means that stirs the oil in the quenching tank, and a steel part (object to be treated) that moves within the quenching tank. In a quenching method using a quenching apparatus equipped with a steel part moving means, a steel part is quenched while covering the top of the steel part with a top plate having an opening. A quenching method was adopted. Also, this opening may be provided in the central portion of the top plate.

さらに、天板から焼入槽の油面までの距離ｈ１は、鋼製部品から天板までの距離ｈ２よりも短くすることができる。また、鋼製部品から天板までの距離ｈ２については５０ｍｍ以上３００ｍｍ未満の範囲とすることが好ましい。 Furthermore, the distance h1 from the top plate to the oil surface of the quenching tank can be made shorter than the distance h2 from the steel part to the top plate. Further, the distance h2 from the steel part to the top plate is preferably in the range of 50 mm or more and less than 300 mm.

本発明に係る鋼製部品の焼入方法は、被処理物の充填量が多い場合でもカゴ上部の中央付近に必要十分な油の流れを供給して、かつ油が被処理物を避けるように被処理物の周囲で流速が大きくなることを抑制できて、被処理物の冷却速度を均一にできる。被処理物が焼入槽内の設置位置によらず均一に冷却されるので、焼入処理後の被処理物の黒皮除去（表面の切削代）の縮減も実現できる。 The steel part quenching method according to the present invention supplies a necessary and sufficient flow of oil to the vicinity of the center of the upper part of the cage even when the amount of the material to be treated is large, and the oil avoids the material to be treated. It is possible to suppress the increase in flow velocity around the object to be processed, and to make the cooling speed of the object to be processed uniform. Since the object to be treated is uniformly cooled regardless of the installation position in the quenching tank, it is possible to reduce the black scale removal (cutting allowance on the surface) of the object to be treated after quenching treatment.

本発明の焼入方法に用いる焼入槽１内の模式平面図である。1 is a schematic plan view of the interior of a quenching tank 1 used in the quenching method of the present invention; FIG. 図１に示す焼入槽１内のＡ－Ａ線断面図である。FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in the quenching tank 1 shown in FIG. 1; 本発明の別形態を示す焼入槽１Ａ内の模式平面図である。It is a schematic plan view in the quenching tank 1A which shows another form of this invention. 図３に示す焼入槽１Ａ内のＢ－Ｂ線断面図である。4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in the quenching tank 1A shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 本発明の別形態を示す焼入槽１Ｂ内の模式平面図である。It is a schematic plan view in the quenching tank 1B which shows another form of this invention. 図５に示す焼入槽１Ｂ内のＣ－Ｃ線断面図である。6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in the quenching tank 1B shown in FIG. 5. FIG.

本発明の実施形態の一例について図面を用いて説明する。本発明の焼入方法に用いる焼入槽１内の模式平面図を図１、図１のＡ－Ａ線断面図を図２にそれぞれ示す。本発明の焼入方法に用いる焼入装置を構成する焼入槽１には、図１および図２に示すように多数の鋼製部品Ｗが整然と浸漬されており、それらの鋼製部品Ｗの上方には天板Ｔが所定の間隔を空けて設置されている。 An example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the interior of the quenching tank 1 used in the quenching method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a large number of steel parts W are orderly immersed in a quenching tank 1 constituting a quenching apparatus used in the quenching method of the present invention. A top plate T is installed at a predetermined interval above.

また、天板Ｔには中央部に直径φｄの開口部２が設けられている。図示しない焼入装置の撹拌手段（撹拌機器）から圧送されて来た油が、図示しない鋼製部品移動手段により焼入槽内に浸漬された鋼製部品Ｗの下方側より上方側へ向けて流動する。その際、圧送された油は各鋼製部品Ｗの間を縫うように流れるとともに、図１に示す焼入槽１の中央部にも流れ込む。その中央部を流れる油の一部が、天板Ｔの開口部２を通過して油面へ流れ込む。 An opening 2 having a diameter φd is provided in the center of the top plate T. As shown in FIG. The oil pressure-fed from the stirring means (agitator) of the quenching device (not shown) is directed upward from the lower side of the steel parts W immersed in the quenching tank by the steel part moving means (not shown). flow. At this time, the pumped oil weaves through the steel parts W and also flows into the central portion of the quenching tank 1 shown in FIG. A part of the oil flowing through the central portion passes through the opening 2 of the top plate T and flows into the oil surface.

さらに、焼入槽１内における天板Ｔの設置位置は、焼入槽１の深さ方向で自在に調整できるものとする。図１に示す形態において、油面から最も近い位置にある鋼製部品Ｗから油面までの距離（深さ）は図２に示すように、天板Ｔの厚さを無視した場合に天板Ｔから焼入槽１の油面までの距離ｈ１と油面から最も近い位置にある鋼製部品Ｗから天板Ｔまでの距離（鋼製部品Ｗから天板Ｔまでの最短距離）ｈ２の和（ｈ１＋ｈ２）となる。 Furthermore, the installation position of the top plate T in the quenching tank 1 can be freely adjusted in the depth direction of the quenching tank 1 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the distance (depth) from the steel part W closest to the oil surface to the oil surface is as shown in FIG. The sum of the distance h1 from T to the oil level in the quenching tank 1 and the distance h2 from the steel part W closest to the oil level to the top plate T (the shortest distance from the steel part W to the top plate T) (h1+h2).

この場合、天板Ｔから焼入槽１の油面までの距離ｈ１は、油面から最も近い位置にある鋼製部品Ｗから天板Ｔまでの距離ｈ２よりも短くする（ｈ１＜ｈ２）。これは、前述したように図１に示す形態で油槽１の中央部を流れる油を、鋼製部品Ｗの上部ではなく、油面側へより多く移動させるためである。 In this case, the distance h1 from the top plate T to the oil surface of the quenching tank 1 is made shorter than the distance h2 from the steel part W closest to the oil surface to the top plate T (h1<h2). This is because, as described above, the oil flowing through the central portion of the oil tank 1 in the form shown in FIG.

図１および図２に図示した形態の他に、本発明の別形態を示す焼入槽１Ａ、１Ｂ内の模式平面図を図３および図５に示す。また、図３に示す焼入槽１Ａ内のＢ－Ｂ線断面図を図４、図５に示す焼入槽１Ｂ内のＣ－Ｃ線断面図を図６にそれぞれ示す。なお、図３ないし図６において鋼製部品Ｗの図示は省略した。 3 and 5 show schematic plan views of the interior of quenching tanks 1A and 1B showing another embodiment of the present invention in addition to the embodiment shown in FIGS. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the interior of the quenching tank 1A shown in FIG. 3 taken along line BB, and FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the inside of the quenching tank 1B shown in FIG. 5 taken along line CC. 3 to 6, illustration of the steel component W is omitted.

図３および図４に示す焼入槽１Ａ内の天板Ｔ１には、幅ｗ１の四角形状の開口部２Ａ～２Ｄが４箇所設けられている。図１および図２に示す天板Ｔの形態に対して、開口部がより多く設けられているため、焼入れ時に鋼製部品から発生する気泡をより速やかに油面側へ導くことができる点で有効である。 A top plate T1 in the quenching tank 1A shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is provided with four rectangular openings 2A to 2D each having a width w1. Compared to the form of the top plate T shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, since more openings are provided, the air bubbles generated from the steel parts during quenching can be led to the oil surface side more quickly. It is valid.

また、図５および図６に示す焼入槽１Ｂ内の天板Ｔ２には、幅ｗ２の四角形状の開口部２Ｅ～２Ｇが３箇所設けられている。この天板Ｔ２の両側（開口部２Ｅ、２Ｇの外方側）は油面方向に向かって傾斜しており、さらに天板Ｔ２の縁部分は油面とは逆側（焼入槽１Ｂの底部側）に向かって傾斜している。 Further, the top plate T2 in the quenching tank 1B shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is provided with three rectangular openings 2E to 2G each having a width w2. Both sides of the top plate T2 (the outer side of the openings 2E and 2G) are inclined toward the oil surface direction, and the edge portion of the top plate T2 is on the side opposite to the oil surface (the bottom of the quenching tank 1B). side).

焼入槽内の天板を図５および図６に示す形態とすることで、図１ないし図４に示す天板の形態に比べて、焼入れ時に鋼製部品から発生する気泡が天板の下面に沿って移動するので、図示しない撹拌機の軸からなるべく遠くに気泡を導き、気泡の巻き込みが抑えられる点で有効である。 5 and 6 in the quenching bath, air bubbles generated from the steel parts during quenching are more likely to occur on the lower surface of the top plate than in the top plate configuration shown in FIGS. , so it is effective in guiding the air bubbles as far as possible from the axis of the stirrer (not shown) and suppressing entrainment of the air bubbles.

なお、油槽１の底部から流れ込む油が、その流速を保ったまま油面まで到達できる距離（深さ）を考慮した場合、鋼製部品Ｗから天板Ｔまでの距離ｈ２は５０ｍｍ以上３００ｍｍ未満とすることが望ましい。 Considering the distance (depth) that the oil flowing from the bottom of the oil tank 1 can reach the oil surface while maintaining the flow velocity, the distance h2 from the steel part W to the top plate T is 50 mm or more and less than 300 mm. It is desirable to

また、本実施形態では天板Ｔの開口部２の形状は図１で図示した円形の場合および図３、５に図示した四角形の場合を示したが、その他に楕円形や三角形等の多角形など他の形状であっても構わない。さらに、天板には鋼製部品Ｗの形状および（または）荷姿に応じて任意に複数の開口部を設けることもできる。 In addition, in the present embodiment, the shape of the opening 2 of the top plate T is circular as shown in FIG. 1 and square as shown in FIGS. Other shapes such as . Furthermore, the top plate may optionally be provided with a plurality of openings according to the shape and/or packaging of the steel parts W.

１，１Ａ，１Ｂ焼入槽
２，２Ａ～２Ｇ開口部
Ｔ，Ｔ１，Ｔ２天板
Ｗ鋼製部品（被処理物）
ｈ１天板から焼入槽の油面までの距離
ｈ２鋼製部品から天板までの距離
φｄ開口部の直径
ｗ１，ｗ２開口部の大きさ 1, 1A, 1B Quenching tanks 2, 2A to 2G Openings T, T1, T2 Top plate W Steel parts (workpieces)
h1 Distance from the top plate to the oil level in the quenching tank h2 Distance from the steel part to the top plate φd Diameter of the opening w1, w2 Size of the opening

Claims

油を貯留する焼入槽と、前記焼入槽内の油を撹拌する撹拌手段と、鋼製部品を前記焼入槽内で移動させる鋼製部品移動手段と、を備えた焼入装置を用いる鋼製部品の焼入方法であって、前記焼入槽に多数の前記鋼製部品が浸漬され、前記多数の鋼製部品の上方かつ油面より下方に天板が設置され、前記天板の中央部に開口部が設けられ、前記油が前記多数の鋼製部品の下方側から上方側へ向けて流動することを特徴とする鋼製部品の焼入方法。 A quenching apparatus comprising a quenching tank for storing oil, a stirring means for stirring the oil in the quenching tank, and a steel part moving means for moving the steel parts within the quenching tank is used. A steel part quenching method, wherein a large number of the steel parts are immersed in the quenching tank, a top plate is installed above the many steel parts and below the oil level, and the top plate is A method of quenching steel parts, characterized in that an opening is provided in the central part and the oil flows from the lower side to the upper side of the many steel parts .

前記天板から前記焼入槽の油面までの距離ｈ１は、前記鋼製部品から前記天板までの距離ｈ２よりも短いことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の鋼製部品の焼入方法。 2. The steel part quenching method according to claim 1 , wherein a distance h1 from the top plate to the oil surface of the quenching tank is shorter than a distance h2 from the steel part to the top plate. .

前記鋼製部品から前記天板までの距離ｈ２は、５０ｍｍ以上３００ｍｍ未満であることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の鋼製部品の焼入方法。 3. The method of quenching steel parts according to claim 2, wherein a distance h2 from said steel parts to said top plate is 50 mm or more and less than 300 mm.