JP7137972B2 - Facilities for greenhouse cultivation - Google Patents

Facilities for greenhouse cultivation Download PDF

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JP7137972B2
JP7137972B2 JP2018124009A JP2018124009A JP7137972B2 JP 7137972 B2 JP7137972 B2 JP 7137972B2 JP 2018124009 A JP2018124009 A JP 2018124009A JP 2018124009 A JP2018124009 A JP 2018124009A JP 7137972 B2 JP7137972 B2 JP 7137972B2
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light shielding
shielding plate
facility
greenhouse cultivation
angle
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JP2020000131A (en
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玄太 三浦
広志 中島
徹 田中
克美 土田
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Toda Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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本発明は、温室及びハウス等の植物を栽培する施設であって、特に遮光機能を有する施設に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to facilities for cultivating plants such as greenhouses and greenhouses, and particularly to facilities having a light shielding function.

施設栽培用の植物の生育には室温だけでなく日光の調節が必要である。例えば、イチゴやトマトなどの果菜類は日光による光合成が甘みに影響があるため日光を十分に当てることが望まれる。そのため、施設は透明な材質の壁や屋根を採用し、施設内の植物に積極的に日光を当てるようになっている。しかし、定植（植え付け）時期に日光が当たりすぎると苗が枯れてしまうことがあるため、透明な屋根を有する施設では開閉可能な遮光カーテンを設けることが一般的である（特許文献１）。遮光カーテンは、夏季等の日射が強い時期に施設内で作業する人の就労環境面や施設保護のためにも有効である。 The growth of plants for greenhouse cultivation requires regulation of not only room temperature but also sunlight. For example, fruit vegetables such as strawberries and tomatoes are desired to be exposed to sufficient sunlight because photosynthesis by sunlight affects sweetness. For this reason, the facility uses transparent materials for walls and roofs to actively expose the plants in the facility to sunlight. However, if the seedlings are exposed to too much sunlight during the fixed planting (planting) period, the seedlings may wither, so it is common to provide openable and closable light-shielding curtains in facilities with transparent roofs (Patent Document 1). Light-shielding curtains are also effective in terms of the working environment of people who work in facilities during periods of strong sunlight, such as summer, and in terms of facility protection.

特開２０１７－１８４７２１号公報JP 2017-184721 A

しかしながら、図７に示すように従来の施設９０では屋根９１の下にある収納した遮光カーテン９２が苗床９３に大きな影９５を落とし、栽培植物の育成に遅れが生じる可能性がある。 However, as shown in FIG. 7, in a conventional facility 90, a light-shielding curtain 92 stored under a roof 91 casts a large shadow 95 on a seedbed 93, which may delay the growth of cultivated plants.

本発明は上述の課題の少なくとも一部を解決するためになされたものであり、以下の態様または適用例として実現することができる。 The present invention has been made to solve at least part of the above problems, and can be implemented as the following aspects or application examples.

［１］ 本発明に係る施設栽培用の施設の一態様は、
施設栽培用の施設であって、
日光を施設内へ取り込む透明な屋根と、
前記屋根の下方であってかつ栽培植物の上方に複数並べて配置される遮光板と、
前記遮光板の傾斜角度を変更する駆動機構と、
前記駆動機構を制御する制御装置と、
を含み、
前記制御装置は、予めシミュレーションにより前記遮光板による影が小さくなるように計算された１年間の太陽位置に対する前記遮光板の前記傾斜角度に基づく制御プログラムに従って太陽位置の変化に応じて前記駆動機構を駆動して前記遮光板による影が小さくなるように前記傾斜角度を変更することで隣り合う前記遮光板の間から日光を取り込むことを特徴とする。 [1] One aspect of the facility for greenhouse cultivation according to the present invention is
A facility for greenhouse cultivation,
A transparent roof that brings sunlight into the facility,
a plurality of light shielding plates arranged side by side under the roof and above the cultivated plants;
a driving mechanism for changing the tilt angle of the light shielding plate;
a control device that controls the drive mechanism;
including
The control device operates the drive mechanism in accordance with changes in the position of the sun according to a control program based on the tilt angle of the light shielding plate with respect to the position of the sun over a period of one year, which is calculated in advance by simulation so that the shadow cast by the light shielding plate becomes smaller . Sunlight is taken in between the adjacent light shielding plates by changing the inclination angle so as to reduce shadows caused by the light shielding plates by driving the light shielding plates.

前記施設栽培用の施設の一態様によれば、太陽位置の変化に応じて遮光板の傾斜角度を変化させて日光を取り込むことができるため、遮光板による影の発生を抑えることができる。 According to one aspect of the facility for greenhouse cultivation, since sunlight can be taken in by changing the inclination angle of the light shielding plate according to the change in the position of the sun, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of shadows caused by the light shielding plate.

［２］ 前記施設栽培用の施設の一態様において、
前記遮光板は、東西方向に延在し、
前記傾斜角度は、前記遮光板の東西方向に延びる回転軸の周りに前記遮光板を回転して変更することができる。 [2] In one aspect of the facility for greenhouse cultivation,
The light shielding plate extends in an east-west direction,
The tilt angle can be changed by rotating the light shielding plate around a rotation axis extending in the east-west direction of the light shielding plate.

前記施設栽培用の施設の一態様によれば、東西方向に延びる遮光板を東西方向に延びる
回転軸の周りに回転することで遮光板の影の発生を抑えることができる。 According to one aspect of the facility for greenhouse cultivation, the light shielding plate extending in the east-west direction is rotated around the rotation axis extending in the east-west direction, thereby suppressing the occurrence of the shadow of the light shielding plate.

［３］ 前記施設栽培用の施設の一態様において、
前記遮光板は、南北方向に延在し、
前記傾斜角度は、前記遮光板の南北方向に延びる回転軸の周りに前記遮光板を回転して変更することができる。 [3] In one aspect of the facility for greenhouse cultivation,
The light shielding plate extends in the north-south direction,
The tilt angle can be changed by rotating the light shielding plate around a rotation axis extending in the north-south direction of the light shielding plate.

前記施設栽培用の施設の一態様によれば、南北方向に延びる遮光板を南北方向に延びる回転軸の周りに回転することで遮光板の影の発生を抑えることができる。 According to one aspect of the facility for greenhouse cultivation, the light shielding plate extending in the north-south direction is rotated around the rotation axis extending in the north-south direction, thereby suppressing the shadow of the light shielding plate.

［４］ 前記施設栽培用の施設の一態様において、
前記駆動機構は、前記遮光板の下端を固定する固定用ワイヤと、前記遮光板の上端に結合する角度調整用ワイヤと、前記角度調整用ワイヤの端部を巻き取る巻取り部と、前記巻取り部を回転させる電動モータと、を含み、
前記制御装置の指令に基づいて前記電動モータで前記巻取り部を回転させて前記傾斜角度を変更することができる。 [4] In one aspect of the facility for greenhouse cultivation,
The drive mechanism includes a fixing wire that fixes the lower end of the light shielding plate, an angle adjusting wire that couples to the upper end of the light shielding plate, a winder that winds the end of the angle adjusting wire, and the winder. an electric motor that rotates the picker;
The inclination angle can be changed by rotating the winding section with the electric motor based on the command from the control device.

前記施設栽培用の施設の一態様によれば、簡易な構成の駆動機構により遮光板の傾斜角度を変更することができる。 According to one aspect of the facility for greenhouse cultivation, it is possible to change the inclination angle of the light shielding plate with a drive mechanism having a simple configuration.

本発明によれば、遮光板を太陽位置の変化に応じて傾斜角度を変化させて日光を取り込むことができるため、遮光板による影の発生を抑えることができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to take in sunlight by changing the inclination angle of the light shielding plate in accordance with the change in the position of the sun.

本実施形態に係る施設栽培用の施設の縦断面図である。1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a facility for greenhouse cultivation according to the present embodiment; FIG. 遮光板及び駆動機構を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining a light-shielding plate and a drive mechanism. 遮光板及び駆動機構を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining a light-shielding plate and a drive mechanism. 太陽高度、太陽方位及び駆動指令の関係を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the relationship between a solar altitude, a solar azimuth, and a drive command. 変形例に係る施設栽培用の施設の縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the facility for greenhouse cultivation which concerns on a modification. 変形例に係る施設栽培用の施設の縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the facility for greenhouse cultivation which concerns on a modification. 従来の施設の写真である。It is a photograph of a conventional facility.

以下、本発明の好適な実施形態について、図面を用いて詳細に説明する。なお、以下に説明する実施形態は、特許請求の範囲に記載された本発明の内容を不当に限定するものではない。また、以下で説明される構成の全てが本発明の必須構成要件であるとは限らない。 Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments described below do not unduly limit the scope of the invention described in the claims. Moreover, not all the configurations described below are essential constituent elements of the present invention.

本発明の一実施形態に係る施設栽培用の施設の一態様は、施設栽培用の施設であって、日光を施設内へ取り込む透明な屋根と、前記屋根の下方であってかつ栽培植物の上方に複数並べて配置される遮光板と、前記遮光板の傾斜角度を変更する駆動機構と、前記駆動機構を制御する制御装置と、を含み、前記制御装置が太陽位置の変化に応じて前記駆動機を駆動して前記傾斜角度を変更することで隣り合う前記遮光板の間から日光を取り込むことを特徴とする。 One aspect of the facility for greenhouse cultivation according to one embodiment of the present invention is a facility for greenhouse cultivation, which includes a transparent roof that allows sunlight into the facility, and a roof below the roof and above the cultivated plants. a plurality of light shielding plates arranged side by side, a driving mechanism for changing the inclination angle of the light shielding plates, and a control device for controlling the driving mechanism, wherein the control device controls the driving device according to changes in the position of the sun. is driven to change the angle of inclination so that sunlight is taken in between the adjacent light shielding plates.

１．実施形態に係る施設
図１～図４を用いて本実施形態に係る施設栽培用の施設１０について説明する。図１は本実施形態に係る施設栽培用の施設１０の縦断面図であり、図２及び図３は遮光板３０及び駆動機構４０を説明する模式図であり、図４は太陽高度、太陽方位及び駆動指令の関係
を説明する図である。 1. Facility According to Embodiment A facility 10 for greenhouse cultivation according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a facility 10 for greenhouse cultivation according to the present embodiment, FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams for explaining a light shielding plate 30 and a drive mechanism 40, and FIG. and a drive command.

図１～図３に示すように、施設１０は、施設栽培用の建物であり、地面に立設する複数の柱１１と、柱１１の上端に固定された屋根１２と、屋根１２の下方の全周を覆う壁１３と、を含む。さらに施設１０は、屋根１２の下方であってかつ栽培植物２０の上方に複数並べて配置される遮光板３０と、遮光板３０の傾斜角度αを変更する駆動機構４０と、駆動機構４０を制御する制御装置５０と、を含む。 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the facility 10 is a building for greenhouse cultivation, and includes a plurality of pillars 11 erected on the ground, a roof 12 fixed to the upper ends of the pillars 11, and a roof 12 below the roof 12. a wall 13 covering the entire perimeter. Furthermore, the facility 10 controls a plurality of light shielding plates 30 arranged side by side under the roof 12 and above the cultivated plants 20, a drive mechanism 40 for changing the inclination angle α of the light shielding plates 30, and the drive mechanism 40. and a controller 50 .

施設栽培とは、農産品を施設内で栽培することである。施設栽培としては、例えば、イチゴやトマト等の果菜類、ほうれん草やアスパラガス等の葉菜類、トルコギキョウやラナンキュラス等の花卉類などを施設内で促成栽培することができる。 Cultivation in a facility means cultivating agricultural products in a facility. As the greenhouse cultivation, for example, fruit vegetables such as strawberries and tomatoes, leafy vegetables such as spinach and asparagus, and flowering plants such as lisianthus and ranunculus can be forcibly cultivated in the facility.

施設１０は、農業用の温室及びハウスを含む。施設１０は、日光を施設１０内へ取り込む透明な材質で形成される屋根１２を少なくとも含み、例えばビニールハウスと呼ばれるプラスチックフィルム張りのハウスやガラス板張りのハウス等を含む。壁１３も屋根１２と同じ材質または異なる透明な材質で形成してもよい。透明な材質としては、一般に農業用の温室やハウスで用いられているポリ塩化ビニル、ポリオレフィン、ポリエステル、アクリル、ポリカーボネート等を採用することができる。 Facility 10 includes greenhouses and greenhouses for agriculture. The facility 10 includes at least a roof 12 made of a transparent material that allows sunlight to enter the facility 10, and includes, for example, a house covered with a plastic film called a plastic house or a house covered with glass plates. The wall 13 may also be made of the same material as the roof 12 or a different transparent material. As the transparent material, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin, polyester, acrylic, polycarbonate, etc., which are generally used in agricultural greenhouses and greenhouses, can be used.

透明な屋根１２からは施設１０内へ十分な日光を取り込むことができる。図１～図３に示す例では施設１０は東西方向に長く延在し、施設１０の長手方向に沿った苗床に植えられた栽培植物２０が南北方向に間隔をあけて複数例えば６列並べられる。 Sufficient sunlight can be taken into the facility 10 from the transparent roof 12 . In the example shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the facility 10 extends long in the east-west direction, and the cultivated plants 20 planted in the nursery along the longitudinal direction of the facility 10 are arranged in multiple, for example, six, rows at intervals in the north-south direction. .

遮光板３０は、屋根１２の下方であってかつ栽培植物２０の上方に複数並べて配置される。遮光板３０の傾斜角度αを小さくすると隣り合う遮光板３０の一部が重なり合って遮光板３０を透過する下方への日射を遮ることができる。遮光板３０の傾斜角度αが最も小さい状態で一般的に用いられている遮光カーテンと同程度の遮光効果が得られればよい。例えば遮光板３０の遮光率は従来の遮光カーテンの遮光率と同程度の例えば６０％であることができる。 A plurality of light shielding plates 30 are arranged below the roof 12 and above the cultivated plants 20 . When the inclination angle α of the light shielding plate 30 is made small, the adjacent light shielding plates 30 partially overlap each other, so that downward solar radiation passing through the light shielding plates 30 can be blocked. It is sufficient that the light shielding effect equivalent to that of a generally used light shielding curtain is obtained when the inclination angle α of the light shielding plate 30 is the smallest. For example, the light shielding rate of the light shielding plate 30 can be, for example, 60%, which is about the same as the light shielding rate of a conventional light shielding curtain.

遮光板３０は長方形の板であることができる。遮光板３０の厚さは影を小さくするため例えば１ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。また遮光板３０の厚さは傾斜角度αを変更する際に変形しない程度の剛性を有することが好ましく、必要な厚さは材質及び大きさによって異なるが例えば高剛性の材質であれば０．５ｍｍ以上であることができる。遮光板３０は単一の厚さを有する板である必要はなく、０．５ｍｍ未満の例えば０．１ｍｍの薄いフィルムからなる本体部分と本体部分を固定するフレームとからなる遮光板３０であってもよく、その場合には板としての形態を維持できればよい。遮光板３０は東西方向に延在する。すなわち遮光板３０の長手方向が東西方向に延びるように配置され、遮光板３０の短手方向が南北方向に配置される。遮光板３０が傾斜した状態で遮光板３０の下端３２が北側にあり、遮光板３０の上端３３が南側にある。 The light blocking plate 30 can be a rectangular plate. The thickness of the light shielding plate 30 is preferably 1 mm or less, for example, in order to reduce shadows. The thickness of the light shielding plate 30 is preferably rigid enough not to be deformed when the inclination angle α is changed. can be more than The light shielding plate 30 does not have to be a plate having a single thickness. In that case, it suffices if the form as a plate can be maintained. The light shielding plate 30 extends in the east-west direction. That is, the light shielding plate 30 is arranged so that the longitudinal direction extends in the east-west direction, and the short direction of the light shielding plate 30 is arranged in the north-south direction. When the light shielding plate 30 is tilted, the lower end 32 of the light shielding plate 30 is on the north side, and the upper end 33 of the light shielding plate 30 is on the south side.

遮光板３０の傾斜角度αは、遮光板３０の東西方向に延びる回転軸Ａの周りに遮光板３０を回転することによって変更することができる。傾斜角度αは回転軸Ａを通る水平面と遮光板３０とのなす角度である。東西方向に延びる遮光板３０を東西方向に延びる回転軸Ａの周りに回転することで遮光板３０の傾斜角度αと太陽の位置とを合わせて遮光板３０の影の発生を抑えることができる。傾斜角度αは太陽の位置と常に一致するように動作することが好ましいが、駆動機構４０を間欠動作例えば５分間隔で動作させるようにしてもよい。また、遮光板３０が複数枚で構成されることにより、遮光板３０の影が分散されて従来の遮光カーテンのような大きな影に比べて栽培植物２０に与える影響は少ないと考えられる。 The tilt angle α of the light shielding plate 30 can be changed by rotating the light shielding plate 30 around the rotation axis A extending in the east-west direction of the light shielding plate 30 . The inclination angle α is the angle between the horizontal plane passing through the rotation axis A and the light blocking plate 30 . By rotating the light-shielding plate 30 extending in the east-west direction around the rotation axis A extending in the east-west direction, the inclination angle α of the light-shielding plate 30 and the position of the sun can be matched to suppress the generation of the shadow of the light-shielding plate 30. - 特許庁Although it is preferable that the tilt angle .alpha. In addition, since the light shielding plates 30 are composed of a plurality of sheets, the shadows of the light shielding plates 30 are dispersed, and it is considered that the cultivated plants 20 are less affected than the large shadows of the conventional light shielding curtains.

本実施形態では遮光板３０の長手方向が東西方向に延びるように配置された例について説明するが、遮光板３０の配置はこれに限られるものではない。後述する変形例のように南北方向に延びてもよいし、東西方向及び南北方向とわずかに交差する方向に延びていてもよい。駆動機構４０を用いて遮光板３０を傾けることによって日中における太陽の位置に対して遮光板３０の影を少なくとも従来の遮光カーテンより減らすことができればよい。栽培植物２０に落ちる遮光板３０の影を少なくするためには遮光板３０の長手方向と東西方向とが平行、または遮光板３０の長手方向と南北方向とが平行であることが好ましい。 In this embodiment, an example in which the light blocking plates 30 are arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the light blocking plates 30 extends in the east-west direction will be described, but the arrangement of the light blocking plates 30 is not limited to this. It may extend in the north-south direction as in a modification described later, or may extend in a direction slightly intersecting the east-west direction and the north-south direction. It is sufficient if the shade 30 can be tilted using the drive mechanism 40 to at least reduce the shadow of the shade 30 relative to the position of the sun during the daytime compared to conventional shade curtains. In order to reduce the shadow of the light shielding plate 30 falling on the cultivated plants 20, it is preferable that the longitudinal direction of the light shielding plate 30 is parallel to the east-west direction, or the longitudinal direction of the light shielding plate 30 is parallel to the north-south direction.

遮光板３０の材質は、駆動機構４０によって傾斜角度αを容易に変更できるように軽量なプラスチック製であることが好ましいが、金属板、ガラス板であってもよく、複数の材質を組み合わせて構成してもよい。遮光板３０は、透明な板に遮光効果のあるフィルムを積層したものであってもよい。金属板からなる遮光板３０は、例えば軽量のアルミニウム製とすることができ、遮光板３０の形態を維持することができる範囲で薄くして軽量化することが好ましい。 The material of the light shielding plate 30 is preferably made of lightweight plastic so that the inclination angle α can be easily changed by the drive mechanism 40, but it may be a metal plate or a glass plate, or may be a combination of a plurality of materials. You may The light shielding plate 30 may be a transparent plate laminated with a film having a light shielding effect. The light-shielding plate 30 made of a metal plate can be made of, for example, lightweight aluminum, and it is preferable to reduce the thickness and weight of the light-shielding plate 30 within a range in which the shape of the light-shielding plate 30 can be maintained.

駆動機構４０は、遮光板３０の傾斜角度αを変更することができる。駆動機構４０は、遮光板３０の下端３２を固定する固定用ワイヤ４１と、遮光板３０の上端３３に結合する角度調整用ワイヤ４２と、角度調整用ワイヤ４２の端部を巻き取る第１巻取り部４３及び第２巻取り部４４と、第１巻取り部４３及び第２巻取り部４４を回転させる第１モータ４５及び第２モータ４６と、を含む。第１モータ４５及び第２モータ４６は電動モータであることができる。駆動機構４０は、制御装置５０の指令に基づいて第１モータ４５及び第２モータ４６で第１巻取り部４３及び第２巻取り部４４を回転させて傾斜角度αを変更することができる。このように簡易な構成の駆動機構４０により遮光板３０の傾斜角度を変更することができる。 The driving mechanism 40 can change the tilt angle α of the light shielding plate 30 . The drive mechanism 40 includes a fixing wire 41 for fixing the lower end 32 of the light shielding plate 30, an angle adjusting wire 42 coupled to the upper end 33 of the light shielding plate 30, and a first winding for winding the end of the angle adjusting wire 42. It includes a take-up part 43 and a second take-up part 44 and a first motor 45 and a second motor 46 that rotate the first take-up part 43 and the second take-up part 44 . The first motor 45 and the second motor 46 can be electric motors. The drive mechanism 40 can rotate the first winding section 43 and the second winding section 44 with the first motor 45 and the second motor 46 based on a command from the control device 50 to change the inclination angle α. The tilt angle of the light blocking plate 30 can be changed by the drive mechanism 40 having such a simple configuration.

遮光板３０は下端３２側で固定用ワイヤ４１が遮光板３０を貫通して下端側固定部４１０で固定され、上端３３側で角度調整用ワイヤ４２が遮光板３０を貫通して上端側固定部４２０で固定される。 On the lower end 32 side of the light shielding plate 30, the fixing wire 41 passes through the light shielding plate 30 and is fixed by the lower end side fixing portion 410, and on the upper end 33 side, the angle adjusting wire 42 passes through the light shielding plate 30 and is fixed to the upper end side fixing portion. Fixed at 420 .

第１巻取り部４３及び第１モータ４５は北側に立設した柱１１の上部に固定され、第２巻取り部４４及び第２モータ４６は南側に立設した柱１１の上部に固定される。固定用ワイヤ４１は南北の柱１１，１１間に掛け渡される。角度調整用ワイヤ４２は、固定用ワイヤ４１の上方で第１巻取り部４３と第２巻取り部４４との間に掛け渡され、第１モータ４５及び第２モータ４６の駆動により第１巻取り部４３に巻き取られると傾斜角度αが小さくなり、第２巻取り部４４に巻き取られると傾斜角度αが大きくなる。 The first winding part 43 and the first motor 45 are fixed to the upper part of the pillar 11 standing on the north side, and the second winding part 44 and the second motor 46 are fixed to the upper part of the pillar 11 standing on the south side. . A fixing wire 41 is stretched between the north and south pillars 11 , 11 . The angle adjusting wire 42 is stretched between the first winding portion 43 and the second winding portion 44 above the fixing wire 41, and is driven by the first motor 45 and the second motor 46 to make the first winding. When the film is wound by the take-up portion 43, the inclination angle α becomes smaller, and when the film is wound by the second winding portion 44, the inclination angle α becomes larger.

制御装置５０は、駆動機構４０の動作を制御する。制御装置５０は、駆動機構４０に指令を出力する制御部５１と、制御プログラム等を保存する記憶部５２と、日付情報及び時間情報を出力する日時出力部５３と、日時出力部５３からの信号を受けて制御プログラムに基づいて各種演算を行う演算部５４と、を含む。制御装置５０は、ＣＰＵ，ＲＡＭ，ＲＯＭ等を備えることができる。 The control device 50 controls the operation of the driving mechanism 40 . The control device 50 includes a control unit 51 that outputs commands to the driving mechanism 40, a storage unit 52 that stores control programs and the like, a date and time output unit 53 that outputs date information and time information, and signals from the date and time output unit 53. and a calculation unit 54 that receives and performs various calculations based on the control program. The control device 50 can include a CPU, RAM, ROM, and the like.

施設１０の設置場所が定まっていれば、日時出力部５３からの日付情報及び時間情報が得られれば１年間の太陽位置の変化を求めることができる。予めシミュレーションにより影が小さくなるように１年間の太陽位置に応じた遮光板３０の傾斜角度αを計算して制御プログラムをつくることができる。制御プログラムは、施設１０が設置されている緯度及び経度における太陽位置の日付及び時間の変化に対応する駆動機構４０への出力値を演算することができる。 If the installation location of the facility 10 is fixed, if the date information and time information from the date output unit 53 are obtained, the change in the position of the sun for one year can be obtained. A control program can be created by calculating the inclination angle α of the light shielding plate 30 according to the position of the sun for one year by simulation in advance so as to reduce the shadow. The control program can compute output values to drive mechanism 40 that correspond to changes in sun position date and time at the latitude and longitude at which facility 10 is located.

図４に示すように、日付及び時刻に応じて施設１０からみた太陽高度と太陽方位とが変化する。図１の施設１０では所定の日時における施設１０からみた太陽高度すなわち太陽の仰角と遮光板３０の傾斜角度αとが同じ角度になるように制御プログラムをつくることができる。演算部５４は制御プログラムにしたがって演算を行い、その演算結果にしたがって制御部５１は時刻の変化に合わせて駆動指令を駆動機構４０に出力する。図４の例では、６月２１日の日の出（４時半）から日の入り（１９時）まで制御部５１が駆動指令を出力する。 As shown in FIG. 4, the sun altitude and sun azimuth as seen from the facility 10 change according to the date and time. In the facility 10 of FIG. 1, a control program can be created so that the altitude of the sun seen from the facility 10 at a predetermined date and time, that is, the elevation angle of the sun, and the inclination angle α of the light shielding plate 30 are the same. The calculation unit 54 performs calculation according to the control program, and the control unit 51 outputs a drive command to the drive mechanism 40 according to the change of time according to the calculation result. In the example of FIG. 4, the control unit 51 outputs the drive command from sunrise (4:30) to sunset (19:00) on June 21st.

図２及び図３を用いて遮光板３０の動作について説明する。図２において遮光板３０の傾斜角度αは４５度に設定されており、この状態から第１モータ４５及び第２モータ４６を駆動して第２巻取り部４４に角度調整用ワイヤ４２を巻き取ると傾斜角度αが徐々に小さくなり、例えば図３の状態になる。また、図３において遮光板３０の傾斜角度αは２８度に設定されており、この状態から第１モータ４５及び第２モータ４６を駆動して第１巻取り部４３に角度調整用ワイヤ４２を巻き取ると傾斜角度αが徐々に大きくなり、例えば図２の状態になる。 The operation of the light shielding plate 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. In FIG. 2, the angle of inclination α of the light shielding plate 30 is set to 45 degrees, and from this state, the first motor 45 and the second motor 46 are driven to wind the angle adjusting wire 42 on the second winder 44. , the inclination angle α gradually decreases, resulting in the state shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the angle of inclination α of the light shielding plate 30 is set to 28 degrees. As the film is wound, the inclination angle α gradually increases, resulting in the state shown in FIG. 2, for example.

制御装置５０が太陽位置の変化に応じて駆動機構４０を駆動して傾斜角度αを変更することで隣り合う遮光板３０の間から日光を栽培植物２０側へ取り込むことができる。太陽位置の変化に応じて遮光板３０の傾斜角度αを変化させて日光を取り込むことができるため、遮光板３０による影の発生を抑えることができる。 The control device 50 drives the driving mechanism 40 according to the change in the position of the sun to change the inclination angle α, so that sunlight can be taken in from between the adjacent light shielding plates 30 to the cultivated plant 20 side. Since the inclination angle α of the light shielding plate 30 can be changed according to the change in the position of the sun to take in the sunlight, the generation of shadows by the light shielding plate 30 can be suppressed.

固定用ワイヤ４１は例えば柱１１，１１に固定されているので、遮光板３０は回転軸Ａの周りに回転する。回転軸Ａは下端側固定部４１０の位置にある。固定用ワイヤ４１は傾斜角度αの変化に応じてわずかに上下及び南北に動作するので、その変化も考慮して制御プログラムを設定することが好ましい。 Since the fixing wires 41 are fixed to the pillars 11, 11, for example, the light blocking plate 30 rotates around the rotation axis A. As shown in FIG. The rotation axis A is located at the lower end side fixing portion 410 . Since the fixing wire 41 moves slightly up and down and north and south according to the change in the inclination angle α, it is preferable to set the control program in consideration of the change.

２．変形例に係る施設
図５及び図６を用いて変形例に係る施設栽培用の施設１００について説明する。図５及び図６は変形例に係る施設栽培用の施設１００の縦断面図である。図５は午前の時刻における施設１００の状態を示し、図６は午後の時刻における施設１００の状態を示す。上記実施形態と同じ部材については同じ名称及び符号を用いて説明し、重複する説明を省略する。 2. Facility According to Modification A facility 100 for greenhouse cultivation according to a modification will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 and 6 are longitudinal sectional views of a facility 100 for greenhouse cultivation according to a modification. FIG. 5 shows the state of facility 100 in the morning, and FIG. 6 shows the state of facility 100 in the afternoon. The same members as those in the above embodiment are described using the same names and symbols, and overlapping descriptions are omitted.

図５及び図６に示す施設１００は、遮光板３１が南北方向に延在する点で上記実施形態に係る施設１０と異なる。 A facility 100 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from the facility 10 according to the above embodiment in that the light shielding plate 31 extends in the north-south direction.

遮光板３１は長方形の板であることができる。遮光板３１は、上記実施形態に係る遮光板３０と同様の材質、形状及び機能を有することができる。遮光板３１の長手方向が南北方向に延びるように配置され、遮光板３１の短手方向が東西方向に配置される。午前中であれば図５に示すように遮光板３１が傾斜した状態で遮光板３１の下端３２が西側にあり、遮光板３１の上端３３が東側にある。また午後であれば図６に示すように遮光板３１が傾斜した状態で遮光板３１の下端３２が東側にあり、遮光板３１の上端３３が西側にある。 The light blocking plate 31 can be a rectangular plate. The light shielding plate 31 can have the same material, shape and function as the light shielding plate 30 according to the above embodiment. The light shielding plate 31 is arranged so that the longitudinal direction extends in the north-south direction, and the short direction of the light shielding plate 31 is arranged in the east-west direction. In the morning, as shown in FIG. 5, the light shielding plate 31 is tilted so that the lower end 32 of the light shielding plate 31 is on the west side and the upper end 33 of the light shielding plate 31 is on the east side. In the afternoon, as shown in FIG. 6, the light shielding plate 31 is tilted so that the lower end 32 of the light shielding plate 31 is on the east side and the upper end 33 of the light shielding plate 31 is on the west side.

遮光板３１の傾斜角度βは、遮光板３１の南北方向に延びる回転軸Ｂの周りに遮光板３１を回転することによって変更することができる。傾斜角度βは回転軸Ｂを通る水平面と遮光板３１とのなす角度である。遮光板３１の上端３３は回転軸Ｂの東側から西側まで回転軸Ｂの周りを約１８０度回転することができる。南北方向に延びる遮光板３１を南北方向に延びる回転軸Ｂの周りに回転することで遮光板３１の傾斜角度βと太陽の位置とを合
わせて遮光板３１による影の発生を抑えることができる。 The tilt angle β of the light shielding plate 31 can be changed by rotating the light shielding plate 31 around the rotation axis B extending in the north-south direction of the light shielding plate 31 . The inclination angle β is the angle between the horizontal plane passing through the rotation axis B and the light blocking plate 31 . The upper end 33 of the light blocking plate 31 can rotate about the rotation axis B from the east side to the west side of the rotation axis B by about 180 degrees. By rotating the light shielding plate 31 extending in the north-south direction around the rotation axis B extending in the north-south direction, the inclination angle β of the light shielding plate 31 and the position of the sun can be matched to suppress the generation of shadows by the light shielding plate 31. - 特許庁

図５及び図６に示す施設１００の場合、図４の太陽高度だけでなく太陽方位も合わせて考慮して遮光板３０の傾斜角度βをシミュレーションしておく必要がある。 In the case of the facility 100 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, it is necessary to simulate the inclination angle β of the light shielding plate 30 in consideration of not only the sun altitude shown in FIG.

遮光板３１の材質は、遮光板３０と同じものを採用することができる。記憶部５２に保存する制御プログラムは遮光板３１が南北に延在する場合の影を例えばシミュレーションにより作成する。 The same material as the light shielding plate 30 can be used for the light shielding plate 31 . A control program stored in the storage unit 52 creates a shadow when the light shielding plate 31 extends north and south by, for example, simulation.

上記実施形態及び変形例では施設１０，１００が水平な地上に設置されている例について説明しているが、傾斜地に設置されていてもよい。傾斜地としては、例えば２％～３％程度の勾配を有する斜面であってもよい。その場合には、傾斜地の傾きを考慮して遮光板３０，３１の影が最小になるようにシミュレーションを行う。 Although the above embodiments and modified examples describe examples in which the facilities 10 and 100 are installed on the horizontal ground, the facilities 10 and 100 may be installed on sloped ground. The slope may be a slope having a gradient of, for example, about 2% to 3%. In that case, the simulation is performed so that the shadows of the light shielding plates 30 and 31 are minimized in consideration of the inclination of the slope.

本発明は、上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、さらに種々の変形が可能である。例えば、本発明は、実施形態で説明した構成と実質的に同一の構成（例えば、機能、方法、及び結果が同一の構成、あるいは目的及び効果が同一の構成）を含む。また、本発明は、実施形態で説明した構成の本質的でない部分を置き換えた構成を含む。また、本発明は、実施形態で説明した構成と同一の作用効果を奏する構成又は同一の目的を達成することができる構成を含む。また、本発明は、実施形態で説明した構成に公知技術を付加した構成を含む。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible. For example, the present invention includes configurations that are substantially the same as the configurations described in the embodiments (for example, configurations that have the same function, method, and result, or configurations that have the same purpose and effect). Moreover, the present invention includes configurations in which non-essential portions of the configurations described in the embodiments are replaced. In addition, the present invention includes a configuration that achieves the same effects or achieves the same purpose as the configurations described in the embodiments. In addition, the present invention includes configurations obtained by adding known techniques to the configurations described in the embodiments.

１０，１００…施設、１１…柱、１２…屋根、１３…壁、２０…栽培植物、３０，３１…遮光板、３２…下端、３３…上端、４０…駆動機構、４１…固定用ワイヤ、４１０…下端側固定部、４２…角度調整用ワイヤ、４２０…上端側固定部、４３…第１巻取り部、４４…第２巻取り部、４５…第１モータ、４６…第２モータ、５０…制御装置、５１…制御部、５２…記憶部、５３…日時出力部、５４…演算部、９０…従来の施設、９１…屋根、９２…収納した遮光カーテン、９３…苗床、９５…影、Ａ，Ｂ…回転軸 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10,100... Facility, 11... Column, 12... Roof, 13... Wall, 20... Cultivated plant, 30, 31... Light shielding plate, 32... Lower end, 33... Upper end, 40... Drive mechanism, 41... Fixing wire, 410 ...Lower end side fixing part 42...Angle adjustment wire 420...Upper end side fixing part 43...First winding part 44...Second winding part 45...First motor 46...Second motor 50... Control device 51 Control unit 52 Storage unit 53 Date and time output unit 54 Calculation unit 90 Conventional facility 91 Roof 92 Housed shading curtain 93 Seed bed 95 Shadow A , B... rotary shaft

Claims (4)

施設栽培用の施設であって、
日光を施設内へ取り込む透明な屋根と、
前記屋根の下方であってかつ栽培植物の上方に複数並べて配置される遮光板と、
前記遮光板の傾斜角度を変更する駆動機構と、
前記駆動機構を制御する制御装置と、
を含み、
前記制御装置は、予めシミュレーションにより前記遮光板による影が小さくなるように計算された１年間の太陽位置に対する前記遮光板の前記傾斜角度に基づく制御プログラムに従って太陽位置の変化に応じて前記駆動機構を駆動して前記遮光板による影が小さくなるように前記傾斜角度を変更することで隣り合う前記遮光板の間から日光を取り込むことを特徴とする、施設栽培用の施設。 A facility for greenhouse cultivation,
A transparent roof that brings sunlight into the facility,
a plurality of light shielding plates arranged side by side under the roof and above the cultivated plants;
a driving mechanism for changing the tilt angle of the light shielding plate;
a control device that controls the drive mechanism;
including
The control device operates the drive mechanism in accordance with changes in the position of the sun according to a control program based on the tilt angle of the light shielding plate with respect to the position of the sun over a period of one year, which is calculated in advance by simulation so that the shadow cast by the light shielding plate becomes smaller . A facility for greenhouse cultivation, characterized in that sunlight is taken in between the adjacent light shielding plates by driving the light shielding plates to change the angle of inclination so as to reduce shadows cast by the light shielding plates. 請求項１に記載の施設栽培用の施設において、
前記遮光板は、東西方向に延在し、
前記傾斜角度は、前記遮光板の東西方向に延びる回転軸の周りに前記遮光板を回転して変更することを特徴とする、施設栽培用の施設。 In the facility for greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1,
The light shielding plate extends in an east-west direction,
A facility for greenhouse cultivation, wherein the inclination angle is changed by rotating the light shielding plate around a rotation axis extending in an east-west direction of the light shielding plate. 請求項１に記載の施設栽培用の施設において、
前記遮光板は、南北方向に延在し、
前記傾斜角度は、前記遮光板の南北方向に延びる回転軸の周りに前記遮光板を回転して変更することを特徴とする、施設栽培用の施設。 In the facility for greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1 ,
The light shielding plate extends in the north-south direction,
A facility for greenhouse cultivation, wherein the inclination angle is changed by rotating the light shielding plate around a rotation axis extending in the north-south direction of the light shielding plate. 請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の施設栽培用の施設において、
前記駆動機構は、前記遮光板の下端を固定する固定用ワイヤと、前記遮光板の上端に結合する角度調整用ワイヤと、前記角度調整用ワイヤの端部を巻き取る巻取り部と、前記巻取り部を回転させる電動モータと、を含み、
前記制御装置の指令に基づいて前記電動モータで前記巻取り部を回転させて前記傾斜角度を変更することを特徴とする、施設栽培用の施設。 In the facility for greenhouse cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The drive mechanism includes a fixing wire that fixes the lower end of the light shielding plate, an angle adjusting wire that couples to the upper end of the light shielding plate, a winder that winds the end of the angle adjusting wire, and the winder. an electric motor that rotates the picker;
A facility for greenhouse cultivation, wherein the winding unit is rotated by the electric motor based on a command from the control device to change the inclination angle.
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JP2017018037A (en) 2015-07-10 2017-01-26 大日本印刷株式会社 Light shielding device and building for raising animals and plants

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JPS6167417A (en) * 1984-09-07 1986-04-07 株式会社日立製作所 Light quantity regulating greenhouse

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