JP7083465B2 - Cultivation equipment and cultivation method - Google Patents

Cultivation equipment and cultivation method Download PDF

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JP7083465B2
JP7083465B2 JP2017156497A JP2017156497A JP7083465B2 JP 7083465 B2 JP7083465 B2 JP 7083465B2 JP 2017156497 A JP2017156497 A JP 2017156497A JP 2017156497 A JP2017156497 A JP 2017156497A JP 7083465 B2 JP7083465 B2 JP 7083465B2
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cultivation
medium
irrigation water
storage tank
liquid
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JP2019033683A (en
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龍資 中井
早苗 臼崎
晴行 藤巻
光弘 井上
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Tottori University
Yanmar Green System Co Ltd
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Yanmar Green System Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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Description

本発明は、栽培装置及び栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method.

例えば海岸線沿いの干拓地等では、農作物を栽培するために利用することができる灌漑水が比較的高濃度の塩分を含む水、例えば海水を含む汽水となる場合がある。塩分を含む灌漑水を使用すると、土壌表層部(作物が根を張る程度の深さ)に塩分が蓄積して作物の周囲の土中塩分濃度が上昇してくる。土中塩分濃度が高くなり過ぎると、作物の生育を阻害するため収穫量が低下する。 For example, in reclaimed land along the coastline, the irrigation water that can be used for cultivating agricultural products may be water containing a relatively high concentration of salt, for example, brackish water containing seawater. When irrigation water containing salt is used, salt accumulates in the surface layer of the soil (the depth at which the crop takes root), and the salinity in the soil around the crop increases. If the salt concentration in the soil becomes too high, the crop growth will be hindered and the yield will decrease.

このため、塩分を含む灌漑水を使用する場合、土中塩分濃度が上昇したときに土壌に灌漑水を撒いて土壌表層部の塩分を深層部に染み込ませるリーチングと呼ばれる作業が行われる。このようなリーチングは、多量の灌漑水を必要とすると共に、手間が掛かる作業である。 Therefore, when irrigation water containing salt is used, a work called leaching is performed in which irrigation water is sprinkled on the soil when the salinity in the soil rises to allow the salt in the surface layer of the soil to soak into the deep layer. Such leaching requires a large amount of irrigation water and is a laborious task.

一方、近年、例えば灌水、施肥等を自動制御して、農作物の収量及び品質を向上する、農業の工業化が試行されている。灌水及び施肥を自動化する場合、土を用いず、灌漑水に肥料を混合した栽培液を用いる養液栽培が適している。養液栽培としては、固形培地を用いないいわゆる水耕栽培、比較的小容量の容器内に例えば砂、ロックウール、やし殻等の培地を充填した制限培地を用いる固形培地耕栽培が挙げられる。固形培地耕栽培は、水耕栽培と比べて、作物の根に空気を供給できることから作物を健康に維持しやすいことや、微生物活性により水質を維持しやすいことから、より効率的に作物を栽培できると有望視されている。 On the other hand, in recent years, attempts have been made to industrialize agriculture, for example, by automatically controlling irrigation, fertilization, etc. to improve the yield and quality of agricultural products. When automating irrigation and fertilizer application, hydroponic cultivation using a cultivation solution in which fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water without using soil is suitable. Examples of the hydroponic cultivation include so-called hydroponics that does not use a solid medium, and solid medium cultivation that uses a restricted medium in which a medium such as sand, rock wool, or coconut shell is filled in a relatively small-capacity container. .. Compared to hydroponics, solid medium cultivation is easier to maintain the health of crops because it can supply air to the roots of the crops, and it is easier to maintain water quality due to microbial activity, so crops can be cultivated more efficiently. It is seen as promising if it can be done.

このような固形培地耕栽培用の装置としては、下方に配置した水槽から培地部(制限培地)の底面に毛管現象によって栽培液を供給する底面給水方式の栽培装置が提案されている(例えば特開2016-27号公報参照)。上記公報に記載の栽培装置では、培地部からの蒸発量が小さく、塩類集積が起こりにくいとされている。 As an apparatus for such solid medium cultivation, a bottom water supply type cultivation apparatus has been proposed in which a cultivation liquid is supplied from a water tank arranged below to the bottom surface of a medium portion (restricted medium) by capillarity (for example, special feature). (See Kai 2016-27). In the cultivation apparatus described in the above publication, the amount of evaporation from the medium portion is small, and it is said that salt accumulation is unlikely to occur.

特開2016-27号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-27

上記公報に記載の栽培装置では、培地の量が小さいことで培地内の塩分濃度が上昇しにくいとされているが、これは塩分濃度が低い灌漑水を用いることを前提としている。つまり、上記公報に記載の栽培装置においても、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を用いる場合には、培地内の塩分濃度の上昇を十分に抑制することができず、作物の生育を阻害し得る程度に塩分濃度が上昇するおそれがある。 In the cultivation apparatus described in the above publication, it is said that the salt concentration in the medium is difficult to increase due to the small amount of the medium, but this is premised on the use of irrigation water having a low salt concentration. That is, even in the cultivation apparatus described in the above publication, when irrigation water having a high salt concentration is used, the increase in the salt concentration in the medium cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and the growth of the crop can be inhibited. The salt concentration may increase.

本発明は、上述のような事情に基づいてなされたものであり、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を使用することができる栽培装置及び栽培方法を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention has been made based on the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method capable of using irrigation water having a high salt concentration.

上記課題を解決するためになされた本発明の一態様に係る栽培装置は、作物を着生させる制限培地と、上記制限培地よりも低位置に配置され、灌漑水に肥料を混合した栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記制限培地の底部と上記貯留槽とを接続し、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により制限培地の底部に供給可能な液送部と、上記栽培液を得るために灌漑水に肥料を混合する混合装置を有し、上記貯留槽の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう上記栽培液を上記制限培地又は貯留槽に供給する栽培液供給部と、上記灌漑水をそのまま上記制限培地に散水する灌漑水散水部とを備える。 The cultivation apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, comprises a restriction medium for growing crops and a cultivation liquid which is arranged at a position lower than the restriction medium and is a mixture of irrigation water and fertilizer. In order to connect the storage tank for storage, the bottom of the restricted medium and the storage tank, and obtain a liquid feeding unit capable of supplying the cultivation liquid in the storage tank to the bottom of the restricted medium by the capillary phenomenon and the cultivation liquid. It has a mixing device that mixes fertilizer with irrigation water, and supplies the cultivation liquid to the restricted medium or storage tank so as to keep the liquid level height of the storage tank within a certain range, and the cultivation liquid supply unit. It is provided with an irrigation water sprinkling unit that sprinkles irrigation water as it is on the above-mentioned restriction medium.

また、本発明の一態様に係る栽培方法は、作物を着生させる制限培地と、上記制限培地よりも低位置に配置され、灌漑水に肥料を混合した栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記制限培地の底部と上記貯留槽とを接続し、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により制限培地の底部に供給可能な液送部とを備える栽培装置を用い、上記貯留槽の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう、上記灌漑水に肥料を混合すると共にこの混合で得られる栽培液を上記制限培地又は貯留槽に供給する工程と、灌漑水をそのまま上記制限培地に散水する工程とを備える。 Further, the cultivation method according to one aspect of the present invention includes a restriction medium for growing crops, a storage tank which is arranged at a position lower than the restriction medium and stores a cultivation liquid in which fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water, and the above. Using a cultivation device that connects the bottom of the restricted medium and the storage tank and has a liquid feeding unit capable of supplying the cultivation liquid in the storage tank to the bottom of the restricted medium by the capillary phenomenon, the liquid level height of the storage tank is high. A step of mixing fertilizer with the irrigation water and supplying the cultivation liquid obtained by this mixing to the restriction medium or the storage tank, and a step of sprinkling the irrigation water as it is into the restriction medium so as to keep the irrigation water within a certain range. And.

本発明の一態様に係る栽培装置及び本発明の別の態様に係る栽培方法は、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を使用することができる。 The cultivation apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention and the cultivation method according to another aspect of the present invention can use irrigation water having a high salt concentration.

本発明の一実施形態に係る栽培装置を示す模式的断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the cultivation apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 図1の栽培装置の変形例を示す模式的断面図である。It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows the modification of the cultivation apparatus of FIG.

[本発明の実施形態の説明]
本発明の一態様に係る栽培装置は、作物を着生させる制限培地と、上記制限培地よりも低位置に配置され、灌漑水に肥料を混合した栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記制限培地の底部と上記貯留槽とを接続し、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により制限培地の底部に供給可能な液送部と、上記栽培液を得るために灌漑水に肥料を混合する混合装置を有し、上記貯留槽の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう上記栽培液を上記制限培地又は貯留槽に供給する栽培液供給部と、上記灌漑水をそのまま上記制限培地に散水する灌漑水散水部とを備える。
[Explanation of Embodiment of the present invention]
The cultivation apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention includes a restriction medium for growing crops, a storage tank which is arranged at a position lower than the restriction medium and stores a cultivation liquid in which fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water, and the restriction medium. A liquid feeder that connects the bottom of the tank and the storage tank and can supply the cultivation liquid in the storage tank to the bottom of the restricted medium by the capillary phenomenon, and a mixture in which fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water to obtain the cultivation liquid. A cultivation liquid supply unit that has an apparatus and supplies the cultivation liquid to the restriction medium or the storage tank so as to keep the liquid level height of the storage tank within a certain range, and water the irrigation water to the restriction medium as it is. It is equipped with an irrigation water sprinkler section.

当該栽培装置は、上記貯留槽から上記液送部を介して底部に栽培液を供給可能な制限培地に作物を着生させるため、培地からの水分蒸発量が小さく、培地内の塩分濃度の上昇を抑制することができる。また、当該栽培装置は、上記栽培液を得るために灌漑水に肥料を混合する混合装置を有し、上記貯留槽の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう上記栽培液を上記制限培地又は貯留槽に供給する栽培液供給部に加えて、上記灌漑水をそのまま上記制限培地に散水する灌漑水散水部を備えるので、灌漑水散水部からの灌漑水の散水によって、制限培地中の塩分を灌漑水で貯留槽に排出することができる。このように、当該栽培装置は、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を使用しても制限培地中の塩分濃度を一定の範囲内に保つことができるので、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を使用して作物を栽培することができる。 Since the cultivation device grows crops on a restricted medium capable of supplying the cultivation liquid from the storage tank to the bottom via the liquid feeding unit, the amount of water evaporation from the medium is small and the salt concentration in the medium increases. Can be suppressed. Further, the cultivation device has a mixing device for mixing fertilizer with irrigation water in order to obtain the cultivation solution, and the cultivation solution is used as a limiting medium so as to keep the liquid level height of the storage tank within a certain range. Alternatively, in addition to the cultivation liquid supply section that supplies the storage tank, an irrigation water sprinkling section that sprinkles the irrigation water as it is on the limiting medium is provided. Can be drained into the storage tank with irrigation water. In this way, the cultivation device can keep the salt concentration in the restricted medium within a certain range even if the irrigation water having a high salt concentration is used. Therefore, the crop is grown using the irrigation water having a high salt concentration. Can be cultivated.

当該栽培装置において、上記制限培地の容量としては、作物1株当たり30L以下であることが好ましい。このように、上記制限培地の容量が上記上限以下であることによって、灌漑水散水部から散水して制限培地内の塩分を排出する際に必要な灌漑水の水量を低減することができる。 In the cultivation apparatus, the volume of the limiting medium is preferably 30 L or less per crop strain. As described above, when the capacity of the restriction medium is not more than the above upper limit, the amount of irrigation water required for sprinkling water from the irrigation water sprinkling portion and discharging the salt content in the restriction medium can be reduced.

当該栽培装置において、上記灌漑水散水部から上記制限培地への灌漑水の散水位置の中心と上記制限培地の中心との水平距離としては、上記制限培地の短径の0.3倍以下が好ましい。このように、上記灌漑水散水部から上記制限培地への灌漑水の散水位置の中心と上記制限培地の中心との水平距離が上記上限以下であることによって、上記灌漑水を上記制限培地全体に浸透させて効率よく塩分を排出することができる。 In the cultivation apparatus, the horizontal distance between the center of the watering position of the irrigation water from the irrigation water sprinkling section to the restriction medium and the center of the restriction medium is preferably 0.3 times or less the minor axis of the restriction medium. .. As described above, when the horizontal distance between the center of the watering position of the irrigation water from the irrigation water sprinkling portion to the restriction medium and the center of the restriction medium is not more than the upper limit, the irrigation water is spread over the entire restriction medium. It can be infiltrated and efficiently discharged salt.

当該栽培装置において、上記灌漑水散水部から上記制限培地への灌漑水の散水位置の中心と上記制限培地の表面との垂直距離としては、5cm以上が好ましい。このように、上記灌漑水散水部から上記制限培地への灌漑水の散水位置の中心と上記制限培地の表面との垂直距離が上記下限以上であることによって、上記灌漑水を上記制限培地全体に浸透させてより効率よく塩分を排出することができる。 In the cultivation apparatus, the vertical distance between the center of the watering position of the irrigation water from the irrigation water sprinkling portion to the restriction medium and the surface of the restriction medium is preferably 5 cm or more. As described above, when the vertical distance between the center of the watering position of the irrigation water from the irrigation water sprinkling portion to the restriction medium and the surface of the restriction medium is at least the lower limit, the irrigation water is spread over the entire restriction medium. It can be infiltrated and the salt can be discharged more efficiently.

当該栽培装置において、上記灌漑水散水部が、灌漑水をシャワー状に噴水してもよい。このように、上記灌漑水散水部が、灌漑水をシャワー状に噴水することによって、上記灌漑水を上記制限培地全体に浸透させてさらに効率よく塩分を排出することができる。 In the cultivation device, the irrigation water sprinkler unit may fountain the irrigation water in a shower shape. In this way, the irrigation water sprinkling unit can infiltrate the irrigation water into the entire restriction medium and discharge the salt more efficiently by injecting the irrigation water in a shower shape.

当該栽培装置は、上記貯留槽に排出された灌漑水を回収する回収部をさらに備えてもよい。このように、上記貯留槽に排出された灌漑水を回収する回収部をさらに備えることによって、当該栽培装置は、灌漑水を再利用して使用水量を低減することができる。 The cultivation device may further include a recovery unit for recovering the irrigation water discharged into the storage tank. As described above, by further providing a recovery unit for recovering the irrigation water discharged to the storage tank, the cultivation apparatus can reuse the irrigation water and reduce the amount of water used.

また、本発明の別の態様に係る栽培方法は、作物を着生させる制限培地と、上記制限培地よりも低位置に配置され、灌漑水に肥料を混合した栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記制限培地の底部と上記貯留槽とを接続し、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により制限培地の底部に供給可能な液送部とを備える栽培装置を用い、上記貯留槽の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう、上記灌漑水に肥料を混合すると共にこの混合で得られる栽培液を上記制限培地又は貯留槽に供給する工程と、灌漑水をそのまま上記制限培地に散水する工程とを備える。 Further, the cultivation method according to another aspect of the present invention includes a restriction medium for growing crops, a storage tank which is arranged at a position lower than the restriction medium and stores a cultivation liquid in which fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water. Using a cultivation device that connects the bottom of the restricted medium and the storage tank and has a liquid feeding unit capable of supplying the cultivation liquid in the storage tank to the bottom of the restricted medium by the capillary phenomenon, the liquid level of the storage tank is used. A step of mixing fertilizer with the irrigation water and supplying the cultivation liquid obtained by this mixing to the restriction medium or the storage tank so as to keep the height within a certain range, and sprinkling the irrigation water as it is on the restriction medium. It has a process.

当該栽培方法は、上記制限培地、貯留槽及び液送部を備える栽培装置を用いるので、培地からの水分蒸発量が小さく、培地内の塩分濃度の上昇を抑制することができる。また、当該栽培方法は、上記貯留槽の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう、上記灌漑水に肥料を混合すると共にこの混合で得られる栽培液を上記制限培地又は貯留槽に供給する工程と、灌漑水をそのまま上記制限培地に散水する工程とを備えるので、上記供給工程において制限培地内の塩分濃度が上昇しても、上記散水工程における灌漑水の散水によって、制限培地中の塩分を貯留槽に排出することができる。このように、当該栽培方法は、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を使用しても制限培地中の塩分濃度を一定の範囲内に保つことができるので、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を使用して作物を栽培することができる。 Since the cultivation method uses a cultivation device provided with the restricted medium, a storage tank, and a liquid feeding unit, the amount of water evaporation from the medium is small, and an increase in salt concentration in the medium can be suppressed. Further, in the cultivation method, fertilizer is mixed with the irrigation water so that the liquid level height of the storage tank is kept within a certain range, and the cultivation liquid obtained by this mixing is supplied to the restricted medium or the storage tank. Since the step and the step of sprinkling the irrigation water as it is on the restricted medium are provided, even if the salt concentration in the restricted medium increases in the supply step, the salt content in the restricted medium is increased by the sprinkling of the irrigation water in the sprinkling step. Can be discharged to the storage tank. As described above, in the cultivation method, the salt concentration in the restricted medium can be kept within a certain range even if the irrigation water having a high salt concentration is used. Therefore, the crop is grown using the irrigation water having a high salt concentration. Can be cultivated.

当該栽培方法において、上記散水工程における灌漑水の散水量としては、上記制限培地の容量の1.0倍以上3.0倍以下が好ましい。このように、上記散水工程における灌漑水の散水量が上記範囲内であることによって、確実に制限培地内の塩分濃度を低下させられると共に、灌漑水の使用量を抑制して、作物の収量当たりの灌漑水の使用量を低減することができる。 In the cultivation method, the amount of irrigation water sprinkled in the watering step is preferably 1.0 times or more and 3.0 times or less the capacity of the restricted medium. As described above, when the amount of irrigation water sprinkled in the above sprinkling step is within the above range, the salt concentration in the restricted medium can be surely reduced, and the amount of irrigation water used can be suppressed to reduce the amount of irrigation water used per crop yield. The amount of irrigation water used can be reduced.

当該栽培方法において、上記散水工程を上記制限培地の塩分濃度が1g/L以上20g/L以下のときに行ってもよい。このように、上記散水工程を上記制限培地の塩分濃度が上記範囲内のときに行うことによって、灌漑水の使用量を抑制しつつ、塩害を防止して作物の健康状態を維持することができる。 In the cultivation method, the watering step may be performed when the salt concentration of the limiting medium is 1 g / L or more and 20 g / L or less. As described above, by performing the watering step when the salt concentration of the limiting medium is within the above range, it is possible to prevent salt damage and maintain the health condition of the crop while suppressing the amount of irrigation water used. ..

なお、「制限培地」とは、容器内に収容された培地、つまり空間的に制限された培地を意味する。 The “restricted medium” means a medium contained in a container, that is, a spatially restricted medium.

[本発明の実施形態の詳細]
以下、適宜図面を参照しつつ、本発明の実施形態に係る栽培装置及び栽培方法を説明する。
[Details of Embodiments of the present invention]
Hereinafter, the cultivation apparatus and cultivation method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate.

[第一実施形態]
図1に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る栽培装置は、灌漑水を貯留する灌漑水タンク1と、肥料を貯留する1又は複数の肥料タンク2と、作物を着生させる制限培地3と、この制限培地3よりも低位置に配置され、灌漑水に肥料を混合した栽培液を貯留する貯留槽4と、制限培地3の底部と貯留槽4とを接続し、貯留槽4内の栽培液を毛管現象により制限培地3の底部に供給可能な液送部5と、貯留槽4の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう栽培液を貯留槽4に供給する栽培液供給部6と、灌漑水タンク1から供給される灌漑水をそのまま制限培地3に上方から散水する灌漑水散水部7とを備える。
[First Embodiment]
The cultivation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes an irrigation water tank 1 for storing irrigation water, one or more fertilizer tanks 2 for storing fertilizer, a restricted medium 3 for growing crops, and the like. A storage tank 4 that is placed at a lower position than the restricted medium 3 and stores a cultivation liquid in which fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water is connected to the bottom of the restriction medium 3 and the storage tank 4, and the cultivation liquid in the storage tank 4 is connected. A liquid feeding unit 5 capable of supplying the bottom of the limiting medium 3 by the capillary phenomenon, and a cultivation liquid supply unit 6 for supplying the cultivation liquid to the storage tank 4 so as to keep the liquid level height of the storage tank 4 within a certain range. The irrigation water sprinkling unit 7 for sprinkling the irrigation water supplied from the irrigation water tank 1 directly onto the limiting medium 3 from above is provided.

当該栽培装置は、貯留槽4及び液送部5から水分が蒸発することを防止するために、図示しない水蒸気シール性を有するカバーで貯留槽4及び液送部5が覆われることが好ましい。 In the cultivation apparatus, it is preferable that the storage tank 4 and the liquid feeding unit 5 are covered with a cover having a steam sealing property (not shown) in order to prevent water from evaporating from the storage tank 4 and the liquid feeding unit 5.

(灌漑水タンク)
灌漑水タンク1は、灌漑水を貯留する。この灌漑水タンク1に貯留される灌漑水としては、塩分を比較的高濃度に含有する汽水(淡水と海水とが混合した水)等を用いることができる。
(Irrigation water tank)
The irrigation water tank 1 stores irrigation water. As the irrigation water stored in the irrigation water tank 1, brackish water (water in which fresh water and seawater are mixed) containing a relatively high concentration of salt can be used.

灌漑水の塩分濃度の上限としては、栽培する作物の種類にもよるが、塩化ナトリウム換算(モル濃度が等しい塩化ナトリウムの質量に換算)で1.0質量%が好ましく、0.3質量%がより好ましく、0.1質量%がさらに好ましい。灌漑水の塩分濃度が上記上限を超える場合、高頻度のリーチングが必要となり、作物の経済的な栽培が困難となるおそれがある。 The upper limit of the salt concentration of irrigation water depends on the type of crop to be cultivated, but is preferably 1.0% by mass in terms of sodium chloride (converted to the mass of sodium chloride having the same molar concentration), and 0.3% by mass is preferable. More preferably, 0.1% by mass is further preferable. If the salinity of the irrigation water exceeds the above upper limit, high-frequency leaching is required, which may make it difficult to grow crops economically.

灌漑水タンク1の容量は、必要とされる灌漑水の水量、灌漑水タンク1への給水頻度等を考慮して選定される。例えば河川、井戸等から灌漑水を常時供給できる場合には、灌漑水タンク1を省略してもよい。 The capacity of the irrigation water tank 1 is selected in consideration of the required amount of irrigation water, the frequency of water supply to the irrigation water tank 1, and the like. For example, if irrigation water can be constantly supplied from a river, a well, or the like, the irrigation water tank 1 may be omitted.

(肥料タンク)
肥料タンク2は、作物の栽培に必要な肥料を貯留する。肥料タンク2に貯留される肥料としては、灌漑水との混合が容易な液体肥料を用いることが好ましい。また、当該栽培装置は、複数の肥料タンク2を備え、複数種類の肥料を灌漑水に混合した栽培液を使用してもよい。
(Fertilizer tank)
The fertilizer tank 2 stores fertilizer necessary for growing crops. As the fertilizer stored in the fertilizer tank 2, it is preferable to use a liquid fertilizer that can be easily mixed with irrigation water. Further, the cultivation apparatus may include a plurality of fertilizer tanks 2 and use a cultivation liquid in which a plurality of types of fertilizers are mixed with irrigation water.

肥料タンク2の容量は、必要とされる肥料の容積、想定される肥料タンク2へ肥料の補給頻度等を考慮して選定することができる。また、市販される肥料の流通時の包装容器をそのまま肥料タンク2として使用してもよい。 The capacity of the fertilizer tank 2 can be selected in consideration of the required volume of fertilizer, the expected frequency of supplying fertilizer to the fertilizer tank 2, and the like. Further, the packaging container at the time of distribution of commercially available fertilizer may be used as it is as the fertilizer tank 2.

(制限培地)
制限培地3は、容器8と、この容器8内に充填される粒子状の固形培地9とを有する。
(Restricted medium)
The limiting medium 3 has a container 8 and a particulate solid medium 9 filled in the container 8.

また、制限培地3は、後述する貯留槽4よりも上方に配置するために、台座10上に配設されてもよい。 Further, the limiting medium 3 may be arranged on the pedestal 10 in order to be arranged above the storage tank 4 described later.

容器8は、防根性及び固形培地9を保持できる十分な強度を有する材料から形成され、少なくとも底面が透水性を有する。具体的には、容器8は、例えば樹脂等から形成される筒状体乃至枠状体と、この筒状体乃至枠状体の底面を封止する透水シートとを有する構成とすることができる。また、容器8は、底面が開口し、底面の開口が後述する液送部5によって封止されてもよい。 The container 8 is made of a material having root resistance and sufficient strength to hold the solid medium 9, and has at least a water permeable bottom surface. Specifically, the container 8 may have a tubular body or a frame-shaped body formed of, for example, a resin or the like, and a water-permeable sheet for sealing the bottom surface of the tubular body or the frame-shaped body. .. Further, the container 8 may have an opening at the bottom surface, and the opening at the bottom surface may be sealed by a liquid feeding unit 5, which will be described later.

固形培地9の材質としては、砂状の物質であればよく、例えば海砂等の珪砂、パミスサンド等の微粒軽石、多孔性の火山岩の粉砕粒、粒状のロックウール、コーラルサンド、やし殻、木炭等を挙げることができる。上記の砂状の物質のサイズは、0.15mmメッシュ未満の粒子が10体積%未満であると好適で、加えて0.3mmメッシュ以上の粒子が50%以上であるとさらに好適である。 The material of the solid medium 9 may be a sandy substance, for example, silica sand such as sea sand, fine pumice stone such as Pamis sand, crushed particles of porous volcanic rock, granular rock wool, coral sand, coconut shell, etc. Examples include charcoal. The size of the sandy substance is preferably less than 10% by volume for particles smaller than 0.15 mm mesh, and more preferably 50% or more for particles having a size of 0.3 mm mesh or more.

作物の種類等にもよるが、制限培地3の作物1株あたりの容量(容器8の1株当たりの内容積)の下限としては、0.2Lが好ましく、0.3Lがより好ましい。一方、制限培地3の作物1株あたりの容量の上限としては、30Lが好ましく、10Lがより好ましい。制限培地3の作物1株あたりの容量が上記下限に満たない場合、作物が十分に根を張ることができないおそれがある。逆に、制限培地3の作物1株あたりの容量が上記上限を超える場合、リーチングに要する灌漑水の水量が不必要に増大するおそれがある。 Although it depends on the type of crop and the like, the lower limit of the volume of the limiting medium 3 per crop (internal volume per strain of the container 8) is preferably 0.2 L, more preferably 0.3 L. On the other hand, as the upper limit of the volume of the limiting medium 3 per crop strain, 30 L is preferable, and 10 L is more preferable. If the volume of the limiting medium 3 per crop is less than the above lower limit, the crop may not be sufficiently rooted. On the contrary, when the volume of the limiting medium 3 per crop exceeds the above upper limit, the amount of irrigation water required for leaching may increase unnecessarily.

(貯留槽)
貯留槽4は、台座10の側方に形成されることで、制限培地3よりも低位置に配置される。この貯留槽4は、台座10と一体に形成されてもよい。また、貯留槽4の中に台座10を設けることによって、貯留槽4の上方に制限培地3を配置してもよい。
(Reservoir)
The storage tank 4 is formed on the side of the pedestal 10 and is arranged at a position lower than that of the limiting medium 3. The storage tank 4 may be integrally formed with the pedestal 10. Further, the limiting medium 3 may be arranged above the storage tank 4 by providing the pedestal 10 in the storage tank 4.

貯留槽4は、貯留する栽培液の液面高さを検出するレベルセンサ11を有することが好ましい。 The storage tank 4 preferably has a level sensor 11 for detecting the liquid level height of the cultivated liquid to be stored.

このレベルセンサ11としては、栽培液の液面に浮かべられる可動部を有するセンサを採用してもよいが、耐久力の観点から可動部を有しないセンサを採用することが好ましい。このような可動部を有しないセンサとしては、例えば電極式センサ、静電容量式センサ、光学式センサ等の栽培液に接触する接触式センサ、例えば静電容量式センサ、電波式センサ、超音波式センサ等の栽培液に接触しない非接触式センサなどを採用することができる。これらの中でも、レベルセンサ11としては、メンテナンス性が良好でありかつ安価であるという観点から、静電容量式センサを採用することが好ましい。この場合、レベルセンサ11は、貯留槽4の外壁又は内壁に設置されることにより、設置高さでの栽培液の液面の有無を検知し、液面の有無に基づき栽培液の増減を検出するよう構成することができる。 As the level sensor 11, a sensor having a movable portion floating on the liquid surface of the cultivation liquid may be adopted, but from the viewpoint of durability, it is preferable to adopt a sensor having no movable portion. Examples of the sensor having no such movable portion include contact type sensors such as electrode type sensors, capacitance type sensors, and optical sensors that come into contact with the cultivation liquid, such as capacitance type sensors, radio wave type sensors, and ultrasonic waves. A non-contact type sensor or the like that does not come into contact with the cultivation liquid such as a type sensor can be adopted. Among these, as the level sensor 11, it is preferable to use a capacitance type sensor from the viewpoint of good maintainability and low cost. In this case, the level sensor 11 is installed on the outer wall or the inner wall of the storage tank 4 to detect the presence or absence of the liquid level of the cultivation liquid at the installation height, and detects the increase or decrease of the cultivation liquid based on the presence or absence of the liquid level. Can be configured to.

貯留槽4は、例えば樹脂、金属等の堅固な材料によって形成してもよく、窪みを有する部材の窪みの内面に沿って防水シートを配置することによって形成してもよい。 The storage tank 4 may be formed of a solid material such as resin or metal, or may be formed by arranging a waterproof sheet along the inner surface of the recess of the member having the recess.

貯留槽4の容量としては、制限培地3及び栽培する作物から蒸発する水分量、及び後述する栽培液供給部6の能力等を考慮して、貯留する栽培液の液量を一定に保つことができる最低限の容量とすることが好ましい。 As the capacity of the storage tank 4, the amount of the cultivated liquid to be stored can be kept constant in consideration of the amount of water evaporating from the limiting medium 3 and the crop to be cultivated, the capacity of the cultivated liquid supply unit 6 described later, and the like. It is preferable to use the minimum capacity that can be used.

(液送部)
液送部5は、貯留槽4に貯留される栽培液を毛管現象により揚水して制限培地3に供給する。この液送部5は、制限培地3内の水分量が小さくなる程、貯留槽4から制限培地3への栽培液の供給量を増大させる。制限培地3の底面と貯留槽4の液面との高低差は、液送部5による栽培液の供給抵抗となるため、貯留槽4の液面高さによって、制限培地3の底部における含水量を調節することができる。
(Liquid feeder)
The liquid feeding unit 5 pumps the cultivation liquid stored in the storage tank 4 by capillarity and supplies it to the limiting medium 3. The liquid feeding unit 5 increases the supply amount of the cultivation liquid from the storage tank 4 to the limiting medium 3 as the amount of water in the limiting medium 3 becomes smaller. Since the height difference between the bottom surface of the limiting medium 3 and the liquid level of the storage tank 4 becomes the supply resistance of the cultivation liquid by the liquid feeding unit 5, the water content at the bottom of the limiting medium 3 depends on the liquid level of the storage tank 4. Can be adjusted.

この液送部5は、例えば紙、織布、不織布等の吸水性を有するシートを用いて形成することができる。中でも吸水速度、揚水力及び耐久性に優れるものを得やすいという観点から織布が好ましい。 The liquid feeding unit 5 can be formed by using a water-absorbent sheet such as paper, woven fabric, or non-woven fabric. Of these, woven fabrics are preferable from the viewpoint of easily obtaining those having excellent water absorption rate, pumping power and durability.

(栽培液供給部)
栽培液供給部6は、レベルセンサ11の出力に応じて、貯留槽4に貯留される栽培液の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう栽培液を貯留槽4に供給するよう構成される。具体的には、貯留槽4の液面高さが所定の下限以下となったときに栽培液の供給を開始し、貯留槽4の液面高さが所定の上限以上となったときに栽培液の供給を停止するよう構成することができる。
(Cultivation liquid supply department)
The cultivation liquid supply unit 6 is configured to supply the cultivation liquid to the storage tank 4 so as to keep the liquid level height of the cultivation liquid stored in the storage tank 4 within a certain range according to the output of the level sensor 11. To. Specifically, the supply of the cultivation liquid is started when the liquid level height of the storage tank 4 is below the predetermined lower limit, and the cultivation is started when the liquid level height of the storage tank 4 is above the predetermined upper limit. It can be configured to stop the supply of liquid.

この栽培液供給部6は、貯留槽4に供給する栽培液を得るために、灌漑水タンク1から供給される灌漑水に肥料タンク2から供給される肥料を混合する混合装置12を有する。この混合装置12としては、灌漑水に一定の比率で肥料を混合することができる定量混合装置を用いることが好ましい。 The cultivation liquid supply unit 6 has a mixing device 12 that mixes the fertilizer supplied from the fertilizer tank 2 with the irrigation water supplied from the irrigation water tank 1 in order to obtain the cultivation liquid to be supplied to the storage tank 4. As the mixing device 12, it is preferable to use a quantitative mixing device capable of mixing fertilizer with irrigation water at a constant ratio.

(灌漑水散水部)
灌漑水散水部7は、制限培地3の上方に配置されるシャワーノズル13を有し、このシャワーノズル13から灌漑水をシャワー状に噴水することで、灌漑水を制限培地3の固形培地9に散水することが好ましい。このように、灌漑水をシャワー状に噴水することによって、制限培地3の固形培地9の表面に広範に散水して、固形培地9全体に均等に通水することができる。
(Irrigation water sprinkler)
The irrigation water sprinkling unit 7 has a shower nozzle 13 arranged above the limiting medium 3, and by injecting irrigation water in a shower shape from the shower nozzle 13, the irrigation water becomes the solid medium 9 of the limiting medium 3. It is preferable to sprinkle water. By injecting the irrigation water in a shower shape in this way, the surface of the solid medium 9 of the restriction medium 3 can be widely sprinkled, and water can be evenly passed through the solid medium 9.

灌漑水散水部7から制限培地3への灌漑水の散水位置の中心、つまりシャワーノズル13の放水面の中心と制限培地3の固形培地9存在領域の中心との水平距離の上限としては、制限培地3の表面における固形培地9存在領域の短径の0.3倍が好ましく、0.2倍がより好ましい。灌漑水散水部7から制限培地3への灌漑水の散水位置の中心と制限培地3の中心との水平距離が上記上限を超える場合、固形培地9に均等に通水することができず、塩分の排出が非効率となるおそれがある。 The upper limit of the horizontal distance between the center of the watering position of the irrigation water from the irrigation water sprinkling section 7 to the limiting medium 3, that is, the center of the water discharge surface of the shower nozzle 13 and the center of the solid medium 9 existence region of the limiting medium 3 is limited. The minor axis of the region where the solid medium 9 is present on the surface of the medium 3 is preferably 0.3 times, more preferably 0.2 times. If the horizontal distance between the center of the irrigation water sprinkling position from the irrigation water sprinkling section 7 to the limiting medium 3 and the center of the limiting medium 3 exceeds the above upper limit, water cannot be evenly passed through the solid medium 9 and the salt content Discharge may be inefficient.

灌漑水散水部7から制限培地3への灌漑水の散水位置の中心と制限培地3の固形培地9の表面との垂直距離の下限としては、5cmが好ましく、8cmがより好ましい。一方、灌漑水散水部7から制限培地3への灌漑水の散水位置の中心と制限培地3の固形培地9の表面との垂直距離の上限としては、50cmが好ましく、30cmがより好ましい。灌漑水散水部7から制限培地3への灌漑水の散水位置の中心と制限培地3の固形培地9の表面との垂直距離が上記下限に満たない場合、固形培地9に均等に通水することができず、塩分の排出が非効率となるおそれがある。逆に、灌漑水散水部7から制限培地3への灌漑水の散水位置の中心と制限培地3の固形培地9の表面との垂直距離が上記上限を超える場合、灌漑水が制限培地3の外部に飛散するおそれや、作物の陰が大きくなることで固形培地9に均等に通水することができないおそれがある。 The lower limit of the vertical distance between the center of the watering position of the irrigation water from the irrigation water sprinkling portion 7 to the limiting medium 3 and the surface of the solid medium 9 of the limiting medium 3 is preferably 5 cm, more preferably 8 cm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the vertical distance between the center of the watering position of the irrigation water from the irrigation water sprinkling portion 7 to the limiting medium 3 and the surface of the solid medium 9 of the limiting medium 3 is preferably 50 cm, more preferably 30 cm. When the vertical distance between the center of the watering position of the irrigation water from the irrigation water sprinkling section 7 to the limiting medium 3 and the surface of the solid medium 9 of the limiting medium 3 does not meet the above lower limit, water should be evenly passed through the solid medium 9. There is a risk that irrigation will not be possible and salt discharge will be inefficient. On the contrary, when the vertical distance between the center of the watering position of the irrigation water from the irrigation water sprinkling section 7 to the restriction medium 3 and the surface of the solid medium 9 of the restriction medium 3 exceeds the above upper limit, the irrigation water is outside the restriction medium 3. There is a risk that water may not be evenly passed through the solid medium 9 due to the risk of irrigation and the increase in the shade of the crop.

[栽培方法]
本発明の別の実施形態に係る栽培方法は、図1の栽培装置を用い、貯留槽4の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう、灌漑水に肥料を混合すると共にこの混合で得られる栽培液を貯留槽4に供給する工程(供給工程)と、灌漑水をそのまま制限培地3に上方から散水する工程(散水工程)とを備える。
[Cultivation method]
In the cultivation method according to another embodiment of the present invention, fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water so as to keep the liquid level height of the storage tank 4 within a certain range by using the cultivation apparatus of FIG. It is provided with a step of supplying the cultivated liquid to the storage tank 4 (supply step) and a step of watering the irrigation water directly onto the limiting medium 3 from above (watering step).

供給工程は、散水工程を行う間を除いて継続的に行われる。なお、継続的とは、連続的又は一定時間毎に貯留槽4の液面高さを監視して必要に応じて栽培液を供給することを意味し、栽培液の供給が連続的に行われることを要求するものではない。 The supply process is carried out continuously except during the watering process. In addition, continuous means that the liquid level height of the storage tank 4 is monitored continuously or at regular intervals and the cultivation liquid is supplied as needed, and the cultivation liquid is continuously supplied. It does not require that.

散水工程は、制限培地3内の塩分濃度が一定濃度まで上昇したときに行われる。この散水工程は、散水する灌漑水によって制限培地3内の塩分を灌漑水と共に貯留槽4に排出するいわゆるリーチングを行う工程である。 The watering step is performed when the salt concentration in the limiting medium 3 has risen to a certain concentration. This watering step is a so-called leaching step in which the salt content in the limiting medium 3 is discharged to the storage tank 4 together with the irrigation water by the irrigation water to be sprinkled.

栽培する作物の種類等によっても異なるが、例えばトマトの場合は次のとおりである。散水工程を行う制限培地3の塩分濃度の下限としては1g/Lが好ましく、5g/Lがより好ましい。一方、散水工程を行う制限培地3の塩分濃度の上限としては20g/Lが好ましく、10g/Lがより好ましい。散水工程を行う制限培地3の塩分濃度が上記下限に満たない場合、灌漑水の使用量が不必要に増大するおそれがある。逆に、散水工程を行う制限培地3の塩分濃度が上記上限を超える場合、塩害により作物の育成が阻害されるおそれがある。 Although it depends on the type of crop to be cultivated, for example, in the case of tomato, it is as follows. The lower limit of the salt concentration of the limiting medium 3 for which the watering step is performed is preferably 1 g / L, more preferably 5 g / L. On the other hand, the upper limit of the salt concentration of the limiting medium 3 for which the watering step is performed is preferably 20 g / L, more preferably 10 g / L. If the salt concentration of the restriction medium 3 for which the watering step is performed does not reach the above lower limit, the amount of irrigation water used may increase unnecessarily. On the contrary, when the salt concentration of the restriction medium 3 for which the watering step is performed exceeds the above upper limit, the growth of crops may be hindered by salt damage.

制限培地3内の塩分濃度は、例えば制限培地3に塩分濃度センサを配設することによって検出してもよいが、供給工程における栽培液の供給量に基づいて、簡易的な塩収支モデルによって推測してもよい。これにより、作物の種類毎に好ましい塩分濃度の上下限を設定することができ、良好な育成を行なうことが可能になる。 The salt concentration in the limiting medium 3 may be detected, for example, by arranging a salt concentration sensor in the limiting medium 3, but it is estimated by a simple salt balance model based on the supply amount of the cultivation liquid in the supply step. You may. As a result, it is possible to set the upper and lower limits of the preferable salt concentration for each type of crop, and it becomes possible to carry out good cultivation.

散水工程における灌漑水の散水量の下限としては、制限培地3の容量の1.0倍が好ましく、1.5倍がより好ましい。一方、散水工程における灌漑水の散水量の上限としては、制限培地3の容量の3.0倍が好ましく、2.5倍がより好ましい。散水工程における灌漑水の散水量が上記下限に満たない場合、制限培地3内の塩分濃度を十分に低下できないおそれがある。逆に、散水工程における灌漑水の散水量が上記上限を超える場合、灌漑水を不必要に消費するおそれがある。 The lower limit of the amount of irrigation water sprinkled in the watering step is preferably 1.0 times, more preferably 1.5 times the volume of the limiting medium 3. On the other hand, the upper limit of the amount of irrigation water sprinkled in the watering step is preferably 3.0 times, more preferably 2.5 times the volume of the limiting medium 3. If the amount of irrigation water sprinkled in the sprinkling step does not reach the above lower limit, the salt concentration in the limiting medium 3 may not be sufficiently reduced. On the contrary, if the amount of irrigated water sprinkled in the watering process exceeds the above upper limit, the irrigated water may be consumed unnecessarily.

<利点>
当該栽培装置及び当該栽培方法は、貯留槽4から液送部5を介して比較的小容量の制限培地3の底部に栽培液を供給するため、水分蒸発量が小さく、固形培地9内の塩分濃度の上昇を抑制することができる。また、当該栽培装置及び当該栽培方法は、灌漑水散水部7が灌漑水をそのまま制限培地3に上方から散水するので、制限培地3中の塩分を灌漑水で貯留槽4に排出することができる。したがって、当該栽培装置及び当該栽培方法は、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を使用しても制限培地3中の塩分濃度を一定の範囲内に保つことができるので、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を使用して作物を栽培することができる。
<Advantage>
Since the cultivation device and the cultivation method supply the cultivation liquid from the storage tank 4 to the bottom of the restricted medium 3 having a relatively small volume via the liquid feeding unit 5, the amount of water evaporation is small and the salt content in the solid medium 9 is high. The increase in concentration can be suppressed. Further, in the cultivation device and the cultivation method, since the irrigation water sprinkling unit 7 sprinkles the irrigation water directly on the limiting medium 3 from above, the salt content in the limiting medium 3 can be discharged to the storage tank 4 with the irrigation water. .. Therefore, since the cultivation device and the cultivation method can keep the salt concentration in the limiting medium 3 within a certain range even if the irrigation water having a high salt concentration is used, the irrigation water having a high salt concentration is used. Can grow crops.

[第二実施形態]
図2に示す本発明の別の実施形態に係る栽培装置は、灌漑水を貯留する灌漑水タンク1と、肥料を貯留する1又は複数の肥料タンク2と、作物を着生させる制限培地3aと、この制限培地3aよりも低位置に配置され、灌漑水に肥料を混合した栽培液を貯留する貯留槽4aと、制限培地3aの底部と貯留槽4aとを接続し、貯留槽4a内の栽培液を毛管現象により制限培地3aの底部に供給可能な液送部5と、貯留槽4aの液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう栽培液を制限培地3aの表面に供給する栽培液供給部6aと、灌漑水タンク1から供給される灌漑水をそのまま制限培地3aの表面に散水する灌漑水散水部7aとを備える。また、当該栽培装置は、貯留槽4aに制限培地3aから排出された灌漑水を回収する回収部14をさらに備える。
[Second Embodiment]
The cultivation apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 includes an irrigation water tank 1 for storing irrigation water, one or a plurality of fertilizer tanks 2 for storing fertilizer, and a restricted medium 3a for growing crops. , A storage tank 4a that is placed at a position lower than this restricted medium 3a and stores a cultivation liquid in which fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water, and a bottom of the restricted medium 3a and a storage tank 4a are connected to cultivate in the storage tank 4a. A liquid feeding unit 5 capable of supplying the liquid to the bottom of the limiting medium 3a by the capillary phenomenon, and a growing liquid supply to supply the cultivation liquid to the surface of the limiting medium 3a so as to keep the liquid level height of the storage tank 4a within a certain range. A unit 6a and an irrigation water sprinkling unit 7a that directly sprinkles the irrigation water supplied from the irrigation water tank 1 onto the surface of the limiting medium 3a are provided. Further, the cultivation apparatus further includes a recovery unit 14 for recovering the irrigation water discharged from the restriction medium 3a in the storage tank 4a.

図2の栽培装置における灌漑水タンク1、肥料タンク2及び液送部5の構成は、図1の栽培装置における灌漑水タンク1、肥料タンク2及び液送部5の構成と同様とすることができる。このため、図2の栽培装置について、図1の栽培装置と同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付して重複する説明は省略する。 The configuration of the irrigation water tank 1, the fertilizer tank 2 and the liquid feeding section 5 in the cultivation device of FIG. 2 may be the same as the configuration of the irrigation water tank 1, the fertilizer tank 2 and the liquid feeding section 5 in the cultivation device of FIG. can. Therefore, with respect to the cultivation device of FIG. 2, the same components as those of the cultivation device of FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted.

(制限培地)
図2の栽培装置において、制限培地3は、貯留槽4aの内部に配置される。具体的には、貯留槽4aの内部に、貯留槽4の周壁よりも高さが小さい台座10aが配置され、制限培地3は、貯留槽4a内の台座10aよりも上方の空間内に収容されている。
(Restricted medium)
In the cultivation apparatus of FIG. 2, the limiting medium 3 is arranged inside the storage tank 4a. Specifically, a pedestal 10a having a height smaller than the peripheral wall of the storage tank 4 is arranged inside the storage tank 4a, and the limiting medium 3 is housed in a space above the pedestal 10a in the storage tank 4a. ing.

制限培地3aは、透水シートから形成される容器8aと、この容器8aに充填される粒子状の固形培地9とを有する。図2の栽培装置における固形培地9は、図1の栽培装置における固形培地9と同様とすることができる。 The limiting medium 3a has a container 8a formed from a permeable sheet and a particulate solid medium 9 filled in the container 8a. The solid medium 9 in the cultivation device of FIG. 2 can be the same as the solid medium 9 in the cultivation device of FIG.

容器8aは、底面が液送部5を介して台座10aの上に載置され、上部が貯留槽4aに保持されることによって、固形培地9を収容する容器形状を保持する。 The bottom surface of the container 8a is placed on the pedestal 10a via the liquid feeding unit 5, and the upper portion is held in the storage tank 4a to hold the container shape for accommodating the solid medium 9.

(貯留槽)
貯留槽4aは、この台座10aの周囲の空間に栽培液を貯留する。貯留槽4aは、台座10aと一体に形成されてもよく、台座10aが中空であってもよい。
(Reservoir)
The storage tank 4a stores the cultivation liquid in the space around the pedestal 10a. The storage tank 4a may be integrally formed with the pedestal 10a, or the pedestal 10a may be hollow.

貯留槽4aは、貯留する栽培液の液面高さを検出するレベルセンサ11を有することが好ましい。図2の栽培装置におけるレベルセンサ11の構成は、図1の栽培装置におけるレベルセンサ11の構成と同様とすることができる。 The storage tank 4a preferably has a level sensor 11 for detecting the liquid level height of the stored cultivation liquid. The configuration of the level sensor 11 in the cultivation device of FIG. 2 can be the same as the configuration of the level sensor 11 in the cultivation device of FIG.

(栽培液供給部)
栽培液供給部6aは、レベルセンサ11の出力に応じて、貯留槽4aに貯留される栽培液の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう栽培液を制限培地3aの固形培地9の表面に供給するよう構成される。
(Cultivation liquid supply department)
The cultivation liquid supply unit 6a limits the cultivation liquid so as to keep the liquid level height of the cultivation liquid stored in the storage tank 4a within a certain range according to the output of the level sensor 11. The surface of the solid medium 9 of the culture medium 3a. Is configured to supply to.

この栽培液供給部6aは、貯留槽4aに供給する栽培液を得るために、灌漑水タンク1から供給される灌漑水に肥料タンク2から供給される肥料を混合する混合装置12を有する。図2の栽培装置における混合装置12は、図1の栽培装置における混合装置12と同様とすることができる。 The cultivation liquid supply unit 6a has a mixing device 12 that mixes the fertilizer supplied from the fertilizer tank 2 with the irrigation water supplied from the irrigation water tank 1 in order to obtain the cultivation liquid to be supplied to the storage tank 4a. The mixing device 12 in the cultivation device of FIG. 2 can be the same as the mixing device 12 in the cultivation device of FIG.

また、栽培液供給部6aは、その末端に、制限培地3aの固形培地9の表面に載置され、栽培液が流出する複数の流出孔を有する散水チューブ15を有する構成とすることができる。このような散水チューブ15を用いることによって、固形培地9の全体に栽培液を分散して供給することができる。 Further, the cultivation liquid supply unit 6a can be configured to have a sprinkling tube 15 which is placed on the surface of the solid medium 9 of the restriction medium 3a at the end thereof and has a plurality of outflow holes from which the cultivation liquid flows out. By using such a watering tube 15, the cultivation liquid can be dispersed and supplied to the entire solid medium 9.

(灌漑水散水部)
灌漑水散水部7aは、制限培地3aの固形培地9の表面に灌漑水を散水するよう構成される。この灌漑水散水部7aは、栽培液供給部6aと散水チューブ15を共用するよう構成することができる。栽培液供給部6aと灌漑水散水部7aとが散水チューブ15を共用することによって、栽培液供給部6a及び灌漑水散水部7が、互いに干渉せず、栽培液又は灌漑水をいずれも固形培地9の全体に通水できるよう設計することが容易となる。
(Irrigation water sprinkler)
The irrigation water sprinkling section 7a is configured to sprinkle irrigation water on the surface of the solid medium 9 of the restriction medium 3a. The irrigation water sprinkling unit 7a can be configured to share the watering tube 15 with the cultivation liquid supply unit 6a. By sharing the sprinkling tube 15 between the cultivation liquid supply unit 6a and the irrigation water sprinkling unit 7, the cultivation liquid supply unit 6a and the irrigation water sprinkling unit 7 do not interfere with each other, and both the cultivation liquid and the irrigation water are solid media. It becomes easy to design so that water can pass through the whole of 9.

(回収部)
回収部14は、灌漑水散水部7aから制限培地3aに灌漑水を散水するとき、制限培地3aから貯留槽4aに排出される灌漑水(肥料等を含み得る)を貯留槽4aから排出して不図示の水槽等に回収する機構である。このような回収部14を備えることによって、当該栽培装置は、リーチングに使用した灌漑水を回収して再利用することができるので、灌漑水の使用量を抑制することができる。
(Recovery department)
When the recovery unit 14 sprinkles irrigation water from the irrigation water sprinkling unit 7a onto the restricted medium 3a, the recovery unit 14 discharges the irrigation water (which may contain fertilizer and the like) discharged from the restricted medium 3a to the storage tank 4a from the storage tank 4a. It is a mechanism to collect in a water tank (not shown). By providing such a recovery unit 14, the cultivation apparatus can recover and reuse the irrigation water used for leaching, so that the amount of irrigation water used can be suppressed.

回収部14の具体的構成としては、図示するようなドレン配管を採用することができる他、例えばオーバーフロー流路、排水ポンプ等を用いることもできる。 As a specific configuration of the collection unit 14, a drain pipe as shown in the figure can be adopted, or for example, an overflow flow path, a drainage pump, or the like can be used.

[栽培方法]
本発明のさらに別の実施形態に係る栽培方法は、図2の栽培装置を用い、貯留槽4aの液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう、灌漑水に肥料を混合すると共にこの混合で得られる栽培液を制限培地3aに表面から供給する工程(供給工程)と、灌漑水をそのまま制限培地3aに上方から散水する工程(散水工程)とを備える。
[Cultivation method]
In the cultivation method according to still another embodiment of the present invention, fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water so as to keep the liquid level height of the storage tank 4a within a certain range by using the cultivation apparatus of FIG. The present invention includes a step of supplying the obtained cultivation liquid to the limiting medium 3a from the surface (supplying step) and a step of watering the irrigation water directly onto the limiting medium 3a from above (watering step).

図2の栽培装置を用いる栽培方法における供給工程及び散水工程のタイミング及び散水工程での散水量は、図1の栽培装置を用いる栽培方法における供給工程及び散水工程のタイミング及び散水工程での散水量と同様とすることができる。 The timing of the supply step and the watering step and the amount of watering in the watering step in the cultivation method using the cultivation device of FIG. Can be similar to.

<利点>
当該栽培装置及び当該栽培方法は、灌漑水散水部7aが灌漑水をそのまま制限培地3aに散水するので、制限培地3a中の塩分を貯留槽4aに排出することができる。したがって、当該栽培装置及び当該栽培方法は、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を使用しても制限培地3a中の塩分濃度を一定の範囲内に保つことができるので、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を使用して作物を栽培することができる。
<Advantage>
In the cultivation device and the cultivation method, since the irrigation water sprinkling unit 7a sprinkles the irrigation water as it is on the limiting medium 3a, the salt content in the limiting medium 3a can be discharged to the storage tank 4a. Therefore, since the cultivation device and the cultivation method can keep the salt concentration in the restricted medium 3a within a certain range even if the irrigation water having a high salt concentration is used, the irrigation water having a high salt concentration is used. Can grow crops.

[他の実施形態]
今回開示された実施の形態は全ての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上記実施形態の構成に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。
[Other embodiments]
It should be considered that the embodiments disclosed this time are exemplary in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiment, but is indicated by the scope of claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims. To.

例えば、図1の栽培装置のシャワーノズル13と図2の栽培装置の散水チューブ15とは、相互に入れ替え可能である。また、図1の栽培装置において栽培液供給部6が制限培地3に栽培液を供給するようにしてもよく、図2の栽培装置において栽培液供給部6aが貯留槽4aに栽培液を供給するようにしてもよい。 For example, the shower nozzle 13 of the cultivation device of FIG. 1 and the watering tube 15 of the cultivation device of FIG. 2 are interchangeable. Further, in the cultivation apparatus of FIG. 1, the cultivation liquid supply unit 6 may supply the cultivation liquid to the limiting medium 3, and in the cultivation equipment of FIG. 2, the cultivation liquid supply unit 6a supplies the cultivation liquid to the storage tank 4a. You may do so.

以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.

<栽培例1>
栽培例1として、ビニールハウス内に設置した図1に準じる栽培装置を用い、葉かび病耐病性Cf9をもつトマト「桃太郎ヨーク」を栽培した。制限培地の容量は0.5Lとし、固形培地として鳥取砂丘砂を使用した。灌漑水としては、1000質量ppmの塩化ナトリウム水溶液を使用した。給水工程では、貯留槽の液面高さが、制限培地の底面を基準として-7cmとなるように栽培液を供給した。散水工程は、簡易的塩収支モデルにより推定される制限培地内の塩分濃度が10g/L以上になったときに行った。各散水工程では、制限培地の容量と同量の灌漑水を散水した。
<Cultivation example 1>
As a cultivation example 1, a tomato "Momotaro York" having leaf mold disease resistance Cf9 was cultivated using a cultivation device according to FIG. 1 installed in a vinyl house. The volume of the limiting medium was 0.5 L, and Tottori Sand Dunes sand was used as the solid medium. As the irrigation water, a 1000 mass ppm sodium chloride aqueous solution was used. In the water supply step, the cultivation liquid was supplied so that the liquid level height of the storage tank was −7 cm with respect to the bottom surface of the limiting medium. The watering step was performed when the salt concentration in the limiting medium estimated by the simple salt balance model became 10 g / L or more. In each watering step, the same amount of irrigation water as the volume of the limiting medium was sprinkled.

<栽培例2>
栽培例2は、貯留槽の液面高さを-4cmとした以外は、上記栽培例1と同様とした。
<Cultivation example 2>
Cultivation example 2 was the same as that of cultivation example 1 except that the liquid level height of the storage tank was -4 cm.

<栽培例3>
栽培例3は、各散水工程における散水量を制限培地の容量の2倍とした以外は、上記栽培例2と同様とした。
<Cultivation example 3>
Cultivation Example 3 was the same as Cultivation Example 2 except that the amount of water sprinkled in each watering step was twice the volume of the limiting medium.

<栽培例4>
栽培例4は、固形培地として、ルナサンド社の青森砂「ルナサンドH」を使用した以外は、上記栽培例3と同様とした。
<Cultivation example 4>
Cultivation Example 4 was the same as Cultivation Example 3 except that Aomori sand "Lunasand H" manufactured by Lunasand Co., Ltd. was used as the solid medium.

<栽培例5>
栽培例5として、栽培例1~4と同じビニールハウス内での土耕により、栽培例1~4と同じトマトを栽培した。土壌としては、鳥取砂丘砂を用い、土壌表層にグラフテック社の水分センサ「WD3-WET-5TE」を設置し、電気伝導度を0.19V(水分含有率換算で11体積%)に保持するよう灌漑水を1株につき1本の点滴チューブから灌水した。
<Cultivation example 5>
As cultivation example 5, the same tomatoes as cultivation examples 1 to 4 were cultivated by soil cultivation in the same vinyl house as cultivation examples 1 to 4. As the soil, Tottori sand dunes are used, and a moisture sensor "WD3-WET-5TE" manufactured by Graftech is installed on the surface of the soil to maintain the electrical conductivity at 0.19V (11% by volume in terms of moisture content). Irrigation water was irrigated from one drip tube per strain.

次の表に、上記栽培例1~5における果実の収量と、果実の平均糖度とを示す。なお、栽培例1~4では、それぞれ9回の散水工程が行われた。 The following table shows the yield of fruits and the average sugar content of fruits in the above cultivation examples 1 to 5. In cultivation examples 1 to 4, each of the watering steps was performed 9 times.

Figure 0007083465000001
Figure 0007083465000001

以上のように、本発明の実施形態に係る栽培装置を用いた栽培例1~4は、土耕による栽培例5と比べて収量が大幅に増大し、且つ糖度も上昇している。このことから、本発明の実施形態に係る栽培装置は、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を使用しても、培地中の塩分を効率よく排出して塩害を防止することにより、高品質の作物を育成することができ、且つ収量も十分に得られることが確認された。 As described above, in the cultivation examples 1 to 4 using the cultivation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, the yield is significantly increased and the sugar content is also increased as compared with the cultivation example 5 by soil cultivation. From this, the cultivation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention grows high-quality crops by efficiently discharging the salt in the medium and preventing salt damage even if irrigation water having a high salt concentration is used. It was confirmed that the irrigation was possible and the yield was sufficiently obtained.

本発明の栽培装置及び栽培方法は、淡水を灌漑水として使用する場合にも利用することができるが、塩分濃度が高い灌漑水を用いる農業において特に好適に利用される。 The cultivation apparatus and cultivation method of the present invention can also be used when fresh water is used as irrigation water, but are particularly preferably used in agriculture using irrigation water having a high salinity.

1 灌漑水タンク
2 肥料タンク
3,3a 制限培地
4,4a 貯留槽
5 液送部
6,6a 栽培液供給部
7,7a 灌漑水散水部
8,8a 容器
9 固形培地
10,10a 台座
11 レベルセンサ
12 混合装置
13 シャワーノズル
14 回収部
15 散水チューブ
1 Irrigation water tank 2 Fertilizer tank 3, 3a Restricted medium 4, 4a Storage tank 5 Liquid feeding part 6, 6a Cultivation liquid supply part 7, 7a Irrigation water sprinkling part 8, 8a Container 9 Solid medium 10, 10a Pedestal 11 Level sensor 12 Mixing device 13 Shower nozzle 14 Recovery unit 15 Sprinkler tube

Claims (9)

作物を着生させる制限培地と、
上記制限培地よりも低位置に配置され、灌漑水に肥料を混合した栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、
上記制限培地の底部と上記貯留槽とを接続し、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により制限培地の底部に供給可能な液送部と、
上記栽培液を得るために灌漑水に肥料を混合する混合装置を有し、上記貯留槽の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう上記栽培液を上記制限培地又は貯留槽に供給する栽培液供給部と、
上記灌漑水をそのまま上記制限培地に散水するか、又は、上記灌漑水を、前記栽培液を供給する状態から切り替えて前記制限培地に散水する灌漑水散水部と
を備える栽培装置。
A limiting medium for growing crops and
A storage tank that is located lower than the above-mentioned restriction medium and stores the cultivation liquid in which fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water.
A liquid feeding unit that connects the bottom of the restricted medium and the storage tank and can supply the cultivation liquid in the storage tank to the bottom of the restricted medium by capillarity.
Cultivation that has a mixing device that mixes fertilizer with irrigation water in order to obtain the cultivation liquid, and supplies the cultivation liquid to the restricted medium or the storage tank so as to keep the liquid level height of the storage tank within a certain range. Liquid supply unit and
A cultivation device provided with an irrigation water sprinkling unit that either sprinkles the irrigation water as it is on the restricted medium, or switches the irrigated water from the state of supplying the cultivation liquid and sprinkles the irrigation water on the restricted medium.
上記制限培地の容量が、作物1株当たり30L以下である請求項1に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the restriction medium is 30 L or less per crop strain. 上記灌漑水散水部から上記制限培地への灌漑水の散水位置の中心と上記制限培地の中心との水平距離が、上記制限培地の短径の0.3倍以下である請求項1又は請求項2に記載の栽培装置。 1. The cultivation apparatus according to 2. 上記灌漑水散水部から上記制限培地への灌漑水の散水位置の中心と上記制限培地の表面との垂直距離が5cm 以上である請求項1、請求項2又は請求項3に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the vertical distance between the center of the watering position of the irrigation water from the irrigation water sprinkling section to the restricted medium and the surface of the restricted medium is 5 cm or more. 上記灌漑水散水部が、灌漑水をシャワー状に噴水する請求項4に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation device according to claim 4, wherein the irrigation water sprinkling unit sprays irrigation water in a shower shape. 上記貯留槽に排出された灌漑水を回収する回収部をさらに備える請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a recovery unit for recovering the irrigation water discharged to the storage tank. 作物を着生させる制限培地と、上記制限培地よりも低位置に配置され、灌漑水に肥料を混合した栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記制限培地の底部と上記貯留槽とを接続し、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により制限培地の底部に供給可能な液送部とを備える栽培装置を用い、
上記貯留槽の液面高さを一定範囲内に保持するよう、上記灌漑水に肥料を混合すると共にこの混合で得られる栽培液を上記制限培地又は貯留槽に供給する工程と、
上記灌漑水をそのまま上記制限培地に散水するか、又は、上記灌漑水を、前記栽培液を供給する状態から切り替えて前記制限培地に散水する工程と
を備える栽培方法。
A restriction medium for growing crops, a storage tank placed at a position lower than the restriction medium and storing a cultivation solution in which fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water, and a bottom of the restriction medium and the storage tank are connected to each other. Using a cultivation device equipped with a liquid feeding unit capable of supplying the cultivation liquid in the storage tank to the bottom of the restriction medium by the capillary phenomenon, the cultivation device was used.
A step of mixing fertilizer with the irrigation water and supplying the cultivation liquid obtained by this mixing to the restricted medium or the storage tank so as to keep the liquid level height of the storage tank within a certain range.
A cultivation method comprising a step of sprinkling the irrigation water as it is on the restricted medium , or switching the irrigated water from the state of supplying the cultivation liquid and sprinkling the irrigation water on the restricted medium.
上記散水工程における灌漑水の散水量が、上記制限培地の容量の1.0倍以上3.0倍以下である請求項7に記載の栽培方法。 The cultivation method according to claim 7, wherein the amount of irrigation water sprinkled in the watering step is 1.0 times or more and 3.0 times or less the capacity of the restricted medium. 上記散水工程を上記制限培地の塩分濃度が1g/L以上20g/L以下のときに行う請求項7又は請求項8に記載の栽培方法。 The cultivation method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the watering step is performed when the salt concentration of the restriction medium is 1 g / L or more and 20 g / L or less.
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