JP7065182B2 - Tea pest control method - Google Patents
Tea pest control method Download PDFInfo
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- JP7065182B2 JP7065182B2 JP2020525416A JP2020525416A JP7065182B2 JP 7065182 B2 JP7065182 B2 JP 7065182B2 JP 2020525416 A JP2020525416 A JP 2020525416A JP 2020525416 A JP2020525416 A JP 2020525416A JP 7065182 B2 JP7065182 B2 JP 7065182B2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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Description
本発明は、茶樹における病害虫を駆除又は防除するための茶の病害虫防除方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for controlling pests of tea for exterminating or controlling pests in tea plants.
茶園等の圃場においては種々の病害虫が発生するため、茶樹を健全に栽培するためには病害虫の防除は必要不可欠であり、従来から、茶生産家においては適宜時期に適宜種類、適宜量の薬剤散布を行うことで対応してきた。 Since various pests occur in fields such as tea gardens, control of pests is indispensable for the sound cultivation of tea plants. Conventionally, tea producers have used appropriate types and amounts of chemicals at appropriate times. We have responded by spraying.
このような薬剤散布による茶の防除方法に関しては、例えば特許文献1(特開平7-31350号公報)において、茶樹における枝等に付着する貝殻虫等の駆除又は防除作業において、茶樹中に薬剤を満遍なく且つ能率よく短時間で散布するための装置として、把部を備えた略円弧状基板の下面に多数のノズルを突設し、各ノズルに薬剤を供給するようにしてなる、茶樹に対する薬剤の散布装置が開示されている。 Regarding the method for controlling tea by spraying such a chemical, for example, in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-31350), in the extermination or control work of shellworms and the like adhering to branches and the like in the tea plant, the chemical is applied to the tea plant. As a device for spraying evenly and efficiently in a short time, a large number of nozzles are projected on the lower surface of a substantially arcuate substrate equipped with a handle, and the chemicals are supplied to each nozzle. The spraying device is disclosed.
また、特許文献2(特開平7-289057号公報)には、茶畝に沿って移動され茶葉を摘み採る摘採機構と茶樹に対し薬剤を付着させる薬剤付着手段とを一体に構成し、摘採機構が茶葉を摘み採った直後に、薬剤付着手段が茶樹の摘採切口に薬剤を付着させるようにした茶葉摘採装置による茶樹の病害虫防除方法が開示されている。 Further, in Patent Document 2 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-289057), a plucking mechanism that is moved along a tea ridge and picks tea leaves and a drug adhering means for adhering a drug to a tea plant are integrally configured. Discloses a method for controlling pests of tea plants by a tea leaf picking device in which a means for adhering a drug adheres a drug to the plucking cut end of the tea plant immediately after the tea leaves are picked.
ところで、化学肥料や農薬などの薬剤を用いた防除方法は、人体の健康への悪影響や環境汚染が懸念されることから、近年では、化学肥料や農薬を全くまたは殆ど使わずに、病虫害を防除する方法が検討されている。特にお茶に関しては、日本では茶に対して現在約100種の農薬成分が設定されている一方、諸外国においては、農薬成分が認可されていなかったり、残留農薬基準が著しく低く設定されていたりすることが多いため、茶の輸出を考えると、農薬を使わない防除方法を検討することが急務であった。 By the way, control methods using chemicals such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides are concerned about adverse effects on human health and environmental pollution. Therefore, in recent years, pests and pests have been controlled with no or almost no chemical fertilizers or pesticides. How to do it is being considered. Especially for tea, in Japan, about 100 kinds of pesticide ingredients are currently set for tea, while in other countries, pesticide ingredients are not approved or residual pesticide standards are set extremely low. Considering the export of tea, it was urgent to consider a control method that does not use pesticides.
農薬を使わない防除方法に関しては、例えば特許文献3(特開2016-152794号公報)には、特別な整備を施した圃場に温水を散布すると共に、害虫の卵や幼虫、成虫が農作物の葉に付着している場合に有機農法用溶液を葉面に散布することによって、病虫害を防除する温水防除方法が開示されている。 Regarding the control method that does not use pesticides, for example, in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-152794), warm water is sprayed on a field that has been specially maintained, and pest eggs, larvae, and adults are leaves of agricultural products. Disclosed is a hot water control method for controlling pests and diseases by spraying an organic farming solution on the leaf surface when the plants are attached to the plant.
特許文献4(特開2016-158522号公報)には、圃場における嫌湿性病害虫の寄生環境の至近位置に、濡れ程度センサを設け、この濡れ程度センサの検出値に応じ、圃場に散水を行い、嫌湿性病害虫の忌避状況および/または生存しにくい状況を現出させるようにしたことを特徴とする嫌湿性病害虫の防除方法が開示されている。 In Patent Document 4 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-158522), a wetness degree sensor is provided at a position close to the parasitic environment of anaerobic pests in the field, and water is sprinkled on the field according to the detection value of the wetness degree sensor. Disclosed is a method for controlling a moist pest, which is characterized by revealing a repellent situation and / or a situation in which it is difficult to survive.
特許文献5(特開2011-212012号公報)には、植物苗を囲む処理空間内に、所要温度に調整した飽和水蒸気流を、前記植物苗の上側を水平に流動するように生成させ、当該飽和水蒸気流中に前記植物苗を、熱傷害を受けない範囲内の時間だけ曝しておくことを特徴とする、植物苗の病害虫防除方法が開示されている。 In Patent Document 5 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-212012), a saturated water vapor flow adjusted to a required temperature is generated in a processing space surrounding a plant seedling so as to flow horizontally on the upper side of the plant seedling. Disclosed is a method for controlling pests of plant seedlings, which comprises exposing the plant seedlings to a saturated steam stream for a period within a range that does not cause thermal damage.
また、非特許文献1には、いちごなどの植物を、数十秒から数分間、40~50℃の高温にすると、植物はさまざまな反応を起こし、病害に対する抵抗性が誘導され、例えば、うどんこ病などの病気に掛りにくくなる現象があることが開示されている。 Further, according to Non-Patent Document 1, when a plant such as strawberry is heated to a high temperature of 40 to 50 ° C. for several tens of seconds to several minutes, the plant causes various reactions and resistance to diseases is induced, for example, udon noodles. It is disclosed that there is a phenomenon that makes it difficult to get sickness such as powdery mildew.
永年作物の中でも、お茶は特殊な作物であり、茶葉を年に複数回収穫するという特徴を有している。摘採時期は、地方によっても異なり、例えば静岡県でいえば、4月中旬から5月中旬の間に一番茶の摘採を行った後、一番茶摘採後45~50日間ほど経過し次の芽が伸びてくるのを待ってから二番茶を摘採し、その後に秋まで約3ヶ月待ってから秋冬番茶を摘採するのが通常である。
このように1年の間に複数回収穫する茶樹に関しては、摘採する時期ごとに複数回の防除を行う必要があるため、三番茶や四番茶、秋冬番茶など後半の摘採時期になると前茶期に散布した農薬が残留し、茶葉に含まれる農薬の種類及び濃度が高くなる場合があった。また、農薬の使用回数が多くなることから、一般的な作物と比較して費用が掛ってしまう場合もあった。そのため、農薬を使わず、効果的な新たな病害虫防除方法が求められていた。Among the long-term crops, tea is a special crop and has the characteristic of harvesting tea leaves multiple times a year. The picking time differs depending on the region. For example, in Shizuoka prefecture, after picking the first tea between mid-April and mid-May, about 45 to 50 days have passed since the picking of the first tea, and the next buds appear. It is normal to wait for the bancha to grow before picking the second tea, and then wait for about 3 months until autumn before picking the autumn / winter bancha.
In this way, for tea plants that are harvested multiple times during the year, it is necessary to control them multiple times each time they are harvested. In some cases, the pesticides sprayed on the tea leaves remained, and the types and concentrations of the pesticides contained in the tea leaves increased. In addition, since the number of times the pesticide is used increases, it may be more expensive than general crops. Therefore, there has been a demand for an effective new pest control method without using pesticides.
そこで本発明は、農薬を使わない茶の病害虫防除方法であって、茶の病害虫をより効果的に防除することができる新たな茶の病害虫防除方法を提供せんとするものである。 Therefore, the present invention is a method for controlling tea pests that does not use pesticides, and an object thereof is to provide a new method for controlling tea pests that can control tea pests more effectively.
本発明は、飽和水蒸気と大気とを体積比1:1~1:4で混合した湿潤空気(「混合冷却水蒸気」と称する)を、茶葉乃至茶樹に接触させる処理を行うことを特徴とする茶の病害虫防除方法を提案する。 The present invention is characterized in that a treatment is performed in which moist air (referred to as "mixed cooling steam") in which saturated steam and the atmosphere are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 4 is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea plants. We propose a method for controlling pests.
本発明が提案する茶の病害虫防除方法によれば、農薬を使わないでも、飽和水蒸気と大気とを混合して得ることができる混合冷却水蒸気を利用して効果的に茶の病害虫を防除することができる。 According to the tea pest control method proposed by the present invention, tea pests can be effectively controlled by using mixed cooling steam which can be obtained by mixing saturated steam and the atmosphere without using pesticides. Can be done.
次に、実施の形態例に基づいて本発明を説明する。但し、本発明が次に説明する実施形態に限定されるものではない。 Next, the present invention will be described based on examples of embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.
<本防除方法>
本発明の実施形態の一例に係る茶の病害虫防除方法(「本防除方法」と称する)は、飽和水蒸気と大気とを体積比1:1~1:4で混合して得られる混合冷却水蒸気を、茶葉乃至茶樹に接触させる処理を行うことを特徴とする茶の防除方法である。<Main control method>
In the tea pest control method (referred to as “the present control method”) according to an example of the embodiment of the present invention, mixed cooling steam obtained by mixing saturated steam and the atmosphere at a volume ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 4 is used. , A method for controlling tea, which comprises performing a treatment of contacting tea leaves or tea plants.
(対象とする茶)
本防除方法が対象とする茶としては、摘採した茶葉もしくは茶葉の加工物を液体に抽出し、その液体を飲用することを目的として栽培する茶であればよい。摘採した茶葉を食用することを目的として栽培する茶であってもよい。
具体的には、例えば煎茶、碾茶、玉露、烏龍茶、紅茶、その他飲料用の茶を栽培する茶を挙げることができる。(Target tea)
The tea targeted by this control method may be any tea that is cultivated for the purpose of extracting the plucked tea leaves or processed tea leaves into a liquid and drinking the liquid. The tea may be cultivated for the purpose of edible picked tea leaves.
Specific examples thereof include sencha, tencha, gyokuro, oolong tea, black tea, and other teas for cultivating tea for beverages.
本防除方法は、特に「茶園」のような大規模生産に適した技術である。具体的には茶園面積が1ha以上の規模の茶園に適した技術である。例えば、水をシャワーしたり、温水を散布したりする方法では、茶園に多量の水を散布することになるため、設備的に困難であるばかりか、水はけ、水量過多による湿害が発生し、新芽の生育が悪くなり、収量・品質ともに低下し、成葉が黄化落葉する可能性がある。これに対し、本防除方法は水蒸気を使用するため、後述するように水の散布量を抑えることができ、かかる課題を解決することができる。 This control method is a technique particularly suitable for large-scale production such as "tea garden". Specifically, it is a technique suitable for a tea plantation with a tea plantation area of 1 ha or more. For example, the method of showering water or spraying hot water requires a large amount of water to be sprayed on the tea plantation, which is not only difficult in terms of equipment, but also causes moisture damage due to drainage and excessive water volume. There is a possibility that the growth of sprouts will deteriorate, the yield and quality will decrease, and the mature leaves will turn yellow and fall. On the other hand, since this control method uses water vapor, the amount of water sprayed can be suppressed as described later, and such a problem can be solved.
(対象とする病害、虫害)
本防除方法が対象とし得る病害としては、例えば炭そ病、輪斑病、赤葉枯病、網もち病、白星病などを挙げることができる。虫害の虫種としては、例えばチャノミドリヒメヨコバイ(以下、ウンカと示す)、カンザワハダニ、クワシロカイガラムシ、チャノキイロアザミウマ、チャノコカクモンハマキ、チャノホソガなどを挙げることができる。但し、これらに限定するものではない。(Target diseases and insects)
Examples of diseases that can be targeted by this control method include charcoal scab, ring spot disease, red leaf blight, net scab, and white spot disease. Examples of the insect species of insect pests include Jacobiasca formidus (hereinafter referred to as planthopper), Tetranychus chinensis, Scale insect, Thrips palmi Karny, Thrips palmi Karny, and Tea plant worm. However, it is not limited to these.
(飽和水蒸気)
飽和水蒸気は、水道水、井戸水などの任意の水を使用して作製した水蒸気であればよい。必要に応じて、薬剤を添加した水を使用して作製した水蒸気であってもよい。(Saturated water vapor)
The saturated steam may be steam produced by using arbitrary water such as tap water and well water. If necessary, it may be steam produced using water to which a drug has been added.
飽和水蒸気は、市販の蒸気ボイラーによって製造することができ、0.1~1.0MPaで98~180℃の飽和水蒸気を用いるのが好ましく、中でも0.1~0.5MPaで99~140℃、その中でも0.1MPaで100℃の飽和水蒸気を用いるのがさらに好ましい。 Saturated steam can be produced by a commercially available steam boiler, and it is preferable to use saturated steam at 0.1 to 1.0 MPa and 98 to 180 ° C., among which 0.1 to 0.5 MPa is 99 to 140 ° C. Among them, it is more preferable to use saturated steam at 0.1 MPa and 100 ° C.
(大気)
大気は、通常の空気であればよく、気温によって大気の温度が変わってもよい。飽和水蒸気と大気との混合比率を調整することで、混合冷却水蒸気の温度を調整することができるからである。(atmosphere)
The atmosphere may be normal air, and the temperature of the atmosphere may change depending on the air temperature. This is because the temperature of the mixed cooling steam can be adjusted by adjusting the mixing ratio of the saturated steam and the atmosphere.
(混合冷却水蒸気)
上記飽和水蒸気と、上記大気とを体積比1:1~1:4で混合して混合冷却水蒸気を作製するのが好ましく、中でも1:1~1:3、その中でも1:1~1:2で混合して混合冷却水蒸気を作製するのがさらに好ましい。
このようにして作製された混合冷却水蒸気は、霧状の水である。(Mixed cooling steam)
It is preferable to mix the saturated steam and the atmosphere at a volume ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 4 to prepare mixed cooling steam, particularly 1: 1 to 1: 3, and among them 1: 1 to 1: 2. It is more preferable to prepare a mixed cooling steam by mixing with.
The mixed cooling steam produced in this way is atomized water.
より具体的には、例えば、蒸気ボイラーで製造された飽和水蒸気と、外部から取り込んだ空気(大気)とを、チャンバー内で混合すればよく、チャンバー内の圧力は0.1~1.0MPa、中でも0.1以上或いは0.5以下、その中でも0.1以上或いは0.2以下に調整するのが好ましい。
上記割合で混合した混合冷却水蒸気を茶葉乃至茶樹に接触させることによって、過剰な水分を付着させることなく、病気及び害虫の防除が可能となる。
混合冷却水蒸気を茶葉乃至茶樹に接触させる方法は、温水に漬けたり、シャワーリングしたりすることによる防除方法に比べ、所定時間処理後には周辺の空気により急速に冷却されるため、熱傷害が発生しやすい茶の新芽や葉の端部に特に効果的である。More specifically, for example, saturated steam produced in a steam boiler and air (atmosphere) taken in from the outside may be mixed in the chamber, and the pressure in the chamber is 0.1 to 1.0 MPa. Above all, it is preferable to adjust it to 0.1 or more or 0.5 or less, and among them, 0.1 or more or 0.2 or less.
By bringing the mixed cooling steam mixed in the above ratio into contact with the tea leaves or tea plants, it is possible to control diseases and pests without attaching excessive water.
Compared to the control method by soaking in warm water or showering, the method of bringing the mixed cooling steam into contact with the tea leaves or tea plants causes thermal damage because it is cooled rapidly by the surrounding air after the treatment for a predetermined time. It is especially effective for easy-to-use tea sprouts and leaf edges.
(茶葉乃至茶樹に混合冷却水蒸気を接触させる方法)
混合冷却水蒸気は、少なくとも茶樹及び茶葉のうち、葉層表面部分の茶葉に接触させるのが好ましく、さらには摘採対象となる芽部分の茶葉に混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのも好ましい。
葉層表面部分の茶葉に混合冷却水蒸気を接触させることで、芽の周囲に存在しその成長や品質に影響を与える病気の分生子や害虫を防除することができる。また、摘採対象となる芽部分の茶葉に混合冷却水蒸気を接触させることで、直接的に芽の防除を行うことができる。
中でも、茎の切断面にも混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのが好ましく、毛茸が存在する若い葉にも混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのが好ましい。また、一般的に「親葉」と称される摘採面より下にある硬化が進んだ葉にも混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのが好ましく、さらに枝に混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのが好ましく、さらには幹にも混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのが好ましい。
混合冷却水蒸気を茎の切断面に接触させることで輪斑病の防除を効果的に行うことができ、毛茸が存在する若い葉にも接触させることで炭そ病の防除を効果的に行うことができる。また、混合冷却水蒸気を親葉や枝、幹にも混合冷却水蒸気を接触させることで、それらに付着している分生子や害虫を防除することができる。(Method of bringing mixed cooling steam into contact with tea leaves or tea plants)
The mixed cooling steam is preferably brought into contact with the tea leaves on the surface portion of the leaf layer, at least among the tea plants and tea leaves, and it is also preferable to bring the mixed cooling steam into contact with the tea leaves on the bud portion to be plucked.
By contacting the tea leaves on the surface of the leaf layer with mixed cooling steam, it is possible to control diseased conidia and pests that exist around the buds and affect their growth and quality. In addition, the buds can be directly controlled by bringing the mixed cooling steam into contact with the tea leaves of the bud portion to be plucked.
Above all, it is preferable to bring the mixed cooling steam into contact with the cut surface of the stem, and it is preferable to bring the mixed cooling steam into contact with the young leaves in which the hair mushrooms are present. Further, it is preferable to bring the mixed cooling steam into contact with the hardened leaves, which are generally called "parent leaves", and further, it is preferable to bring the mixed cooling steam into contact with the branches. It is preferable to bring the mixed cooling steam into contact with the trunk.
The mixed cooling steam can be effectively controlled by contacting the cut surface of the stem with the ring spot disease, and the anthrax can be effectively controlled by contacting the young leaves with hair mushrooms. be able to. In addition, by bringing the mixed cooling steam into contact with the parent leaves, branches, and stems, conidia and pests adhering to them can be controlled.
茶葉に接触させる接触時間は、1秒~10秒とするのが好ましく、中でも2秒以上或いは8秒以下、その中でも3秒以上或いは6秒以下であるのが特に好ましい。
なお、接触時間とは、混合冷却水蒸気が茶葉乃至茶樹と接触する時間、言い換えれば、茶葉乃至茶樹の同じ箇所に混合冷却水蒸気を噴霧する時間を云い、特に混合冷却水蒸気が、好ましい所定の温度、例えば45~55℃の状態で茶葉乃至茶樹と接触する時間の意味である。
例えば、次に説明するように、トラクターなどの自走装置の横に前後に渡って散布手段を設けておき、当該自走装置を移動させながら茶樹に対して混合冷却水蒸気散布装置を散布する場合には、トラクターの前方から後方までの通過時間が、前記所定の温度に保たれた混合冷却蒸気が接触する時間、つまり接触時間となる。The contact time for contacting the tea leaves is preferably 1 second to 10 seconds, particularly preferably 2 seconds or more or 8 seconds or less, and particularly preferably 3 seconds or more or 6 seconds or less.
The contact time refers to the time during which the mixed cooling steam comes into contact with the tea leaves or the tea plant, in other words, the time during which the mixed cooling steam is sprayed on the same portion of the tea leaves or the tea plant, and the mixed cooling steam is particularly preferable at a predetermined temperature. For example, it means the time of contact with tea leaves or tea plants at a temperature of 45 to 55 ° C.
For example, as described below, when a spraying means is provided in the front-rear direction next to a self-propelled device such as a tractor, and the mixed cooling steam spraying device is sprayed on the tea plant while moving the self-propelled device. The passage time from the front to the rear of the tractor is the time for contact of the mixed cooling steam maintained at the predetermined temperature, that is, the contact time.
茶葉乃至茶樹に混合冷却水蒸気を接触させる具体的手段としては、例えばトラクターなどの自走装置に、蒸気ボイラー及びチャンバー及び散布手段を備えた混合冷却水蒸気作製散布装置を搭載し、当該自走装置を移動させながら茶樹に対して混合冷却水蒸気散布装置を散布して、混合冷却水蒸気を茶葉乃至茶樹に接触させる方法を挙げることができる。但し、このような方法に限定するものではない。 As a specific means for bringing mixed cooling steam into contact with tea leaves or tea plants, for example, a self-propelled device such as a tractor is equipped with a steam boiler and a mixed cooling steam production / spraying device equipped with a chamber and spraying means, and the self-propelled device is mounted. A method of spraying the mixed cooling steam spraying device on the tea plant while moving the tea plant to bring the mixed cooling steam into contact with the tea leaves or the tea plant can be mentioned. However, the method is not limited to this method.
茶葉乃至茶樹に混合冷却水蒸気を接触させる量としては、1m3当りの茶葉乃至茶樹に対し、100~3000L/minの混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのが好ましく、中でも120L/min以上或いは1500L/min以下、その中でも150L/min以上或いは1000L/min以下の混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのがさらに好ましい。As for the amount of the mixed cooling steam to be brought into contact with the tea leaves or tea plants, it is preferable to bring the mixed cooling steam of 100 to 3000 L / min into contact with the tea leaves or tea plants per 1 m 3 , and above all, 120 L / min or more or 1500 L / min or less. Among them, it is more preferable to bring the mixed cooling steam of 150 L / min or more or 1000 L / min or less into contact.
また、1m3当りの茶葉乃至茶樹に対し、50~1000L/minの飽和水蒸気に相当する量の混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのが好ましく、中でも160L/min以上或いは800L/min以下、その中でも170L/min以上或いは500L/min以下の飽和水蒸気に相当する量の混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのがさらに好ましい。Further, it is preferable to contact tea leaves or tea plants per 1 m 3 with a mixed cooling steam in an amount corresponding to saturated steam of 50 to 1000 L / min, particularly 160 L / min or more or 800 L / min or less, and 170 L / min among them. It is more preferable to contact the mixed cooling steam in an amount corresponding to saturated steam of min or more or 500 L / min or less.
また、1m3当りの茶葉乃至茶樹に対し、水分量として20~300gの混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのが好ましく、中でも30g以上或いは200g以下、その中でも40g以上或いは100g以下の混合冷却水蒸気を接触させるのがさらに好ましい。
上述したように、本防除方法は、水をシャワーしたり、温水を散布したりする方法に比べて、茶園に散布する水分量を抑制することができるため、設備的に簡易なものでよいばかりか、水はけ、水量過多による湿害の発生を抑制し、新芽の生育が悪くなるのを防ぐことができるため、収量・品質の低下を防ぐことができ、さらには成葉の黄化落葉なども抑制することができる。Further, it is preferable to bring the mixed cooling steam having a water content of 20 to 300 g into contact with the tea leaves or tea plants per 1 m3, and in particular, contact the mixed cooling steam of 30 g or more or 200 g or less, and among them, 40 g or more or 100 g or less. Is even more preferable.
As described above, this control method can suppress the amount of water sprayed on the tea plantation as compared with the method of showering water or spraying hot water, so that the control method may be simple in terms of equipment. In addition, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of moisture damage due to drainage and excessive water volume, and prevent the growth of sprouts from deteriorating, so it is possible to prevent deterioration in yield and quality, and even yellowing of mature leaves. It can be suppressed.
(防除処理時期)
炭そ病や輪斑病などを効果的に防除する観点から、上記の混合冷却水蒸気を茶葉に接触させる処理(「本防除処理」と称する)は、茶葉の摘採若しくは整枝を行った時から2週間以内、中でも1週間以内、その中でも1日以内に実施するのが好ましい。(Pest control treatment time)
From the viewpoint of effectively controlling charcoal scab and ring spot disease, the above-mentioned treatment of bringing the mixed cooling steam into contact with the tea leaves (referred to as "main control treatment") is performed from the time when the tea leaves are pruned or pruned. It is preferably carried out within a week, especially within a week, and above all, within a day.
なお、上記茶葉の摘採とは、茶葉を収穫するための摘採であれば特に限定するものではない。中でも、一番茶又は二番茶を収穫するための摘採であるのが好ましい。
また、上記茶葉の整枝とは、茶葉を摘採した後に行う摘採面の刈込作業を意味する。中でも一番茶摘採後の整枝又は二番茶摘採後の整枝であるのが好ましい。The above-mentioned picking of tea leaves is not particularly limited as long as it is picked for harvesting tea leaves. Above all, it is preferable to harvest the first tea or the second tea.
Further, the pruning of the tea leaves means the pruning work of the pruned surface performed after the tea leaves are pruned. Of these, pruning after the first tea pruning or pruning after the second tea pruning is preferable.
以上の中でも、1番茶の摘採後、2番茶の摘採前に本防除処理を適用するのが好ましい。但し、1番茶の摘採前に行ってもよいし、また、2番茶の摘採後に行ってもよい。
その中でも、1番茶の摘採又は整枝当日~14日の間に本防除処理を実施するのが好ましく、その中でも摘採又は整枝当日~7日の間、その中でも摘採又は整枝当日~3日以下の間に本防除処理を実施するのがより一層好ましい。
摘採又は整枝することによって茶樹には傷がつくため、その傷口から輪斑病の分生子などが入り込むことがある。そのため、茶摘採又は整枝後すぐに防除するのが好ましく、萌芽前の炭そ病の分生子の低減、ウンカの低減も行うことができる。Among the above, it is preferable to apply this control treatment after the first tea is picked and before the second tea is picked. However, it may be performed before the first tea is picked, or after the second tea is picked.
Among them, it is preferable to carry out the main control treatment from the day of pruning or pruning of the first tea to 14 days, and among them, between the day of pruning or pruning to 7 days, and among them, the day of pruning or pruning to 3 days or less. It is even more preferable to carry out this control treatment.
Since the tea plant is damaged by pruning or pruning, conidia of ring spot disease may enter from the wound. Therefore, it is preferable to control the tea immediately after pruning or pruning, and it is possible to reduce the conidia of anthrax before sprouting and the reduction of planthoppers.
さらに、炭そ病やウンカなどを発生防止する観点からすると、これらに最も効果的な二番茶芽が萌芽する一番茶摘採日又は整枝日から10日~25日の間、中でも摘採日又は整枝日から15日~20日の間に実施するのが特に好ましい。 Furthermore, from the viewpoint of preventing anthrax and planthoppers, the most effective second tea buds are sprouting from the first tea picking day or the pruning day to 10 to 25 days, especially the pruning day or the pruning day. It is particularly preferable to carry out from 15 to 20 days.
他方、輪斑病などを予防する観点からすると、輪斑病の感染源となりやすい摘採機の刃による付傷部が感染部になるため、上記処理すなわち混合冷却水蒸気を茶葉に接触させる処理を、茶葉の摘採若しくは整枝を行った時から24時間以内、中でも18時間以内、その中でも12時間以内に実施するのが好ましい。 On the other hand, from the viewpoint of preventing ring spot disease, the injured part by the blade of the pruning machine, which tends to be the source of infection of ring spot disease, becomes the infected part. It is preferably carried out within 24 hours, particularly within 18 hours, and above all, within 12 hours from the time when the tea leaves are pruned or pruned.
<茶の生産方法>
本防除方法を適用しながら茶樹を育成し、一番茶(3~5月)、二番茶(6~7月)、三番茶(7~8月)、秋冬番茶(秋)のうちの2~4期間、間隔をおいて摘採を行えばよい。
例えば鹿児島県であれば、一番茶の摘採時期は、4月中旬から5月下旬であり、一番茶摘採後45~50日間ほど経過し次の芽が伸びてくるのを待ってから二番茶を摘採し、二番茶摘採後40~45日間で三番茶を摘採し、三番茶摘採後50~60日間で四番茶を摘採するのが通常である。<Tea production method>
Cultivate tea plants while applying this control method, and 2-4 of Ichibancha (March-May), Second-bancha (June-July), Sanbancha (July-August), and Autumn-Winter Bancha (Autumn). Pesting may be performed at intervals for a period of time.
For example, in Kagoshima prefecture, the first tea is picked from mid-April to the end of May, and about 45 to 50 days have passed since the first tea was picked, and after waiting for the next bud to grow, the second tea is picked. It is usual to pick the third tea 40 to 45 days after the second tea is picked, and to pick the fourth tea 50 to 60 days after the third tea is picked.
摘採した茶葉は、荒茶工場において、蒸気で蒸して茶生葉に含まれる酸化酵素を不活性化(殺青)させた後、粗揉、揉捻、中揉及び精揉等によって揉込み、乾燥させる一連の工程を経て荒茶に加工した後、用途に合わせてさらに加工すればよい。 The plucked tea leaves are steamed in a rough tea factory to inactivate (kill) the oxidase contained in the fresh tea leaves, and then kneaded and dried by rough kneading, kneading, middle kneading, and fine kneading. After processing into rough tea through the above steps, it may be further processed according to the intended use.
<語句の説明>
本明細書において「X~Y」(X,Yは任意の数字)と表現する場合、特にことわらない限り「X以上Y以下」の意と共に、「好ましくはXより大きい」或いは「好ましくはYより小さい」の意も包含する。
また、「X以上」(Xは任意の数字)或いは「Y以下」(Yは任意の数字)と表現した場合、「Xより大きいことが好ましい」或いは「Y未満であることが好ましい」旨の意図も包含する。<Explanation of words>
When expressed as "X to Y" (X and Y are arbitrary numbers) in the present specification, they mean "X or more and Y or less" and "preferably larger than X" or "preferably Y". It also includes the meaning of "smaller".
Further, when expressed as "X or more" (X is an arbitrary number) or "Y or less" (Y is an arbitrary number), it means "preferably larger than X" or "preferably less than Y". Including intention.
以下、本発明を下記実施例及び比較例に基づいてさらに詳述する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on the following Examples and Comparative Examples.
<試験1>
飽和水蒸気と大気との混合割合を変化させて混合冷却水蒸気を作製し、混合冷却水蒸気を茶樹及び茶葉に接触させた際の防除効果を検証した。<Test 1>
Mixed cooling steam was prepared by changing the mixing ratio of saturated steam and the atmosphere, and the control effect when the mixed cooling steam was brought into contact with tea plants and tea leaves was verified.
静岡県内の圃場で、茶品種「やぶきた」に対して、混合冷却水蒸気を茶防除に用いられる市販のノズル(20頭口)を使用して、表1に示した混合冷却水蒸気を茶樹及び茶葉に対して、表1に示した処理時間だけ噴射する防除処理を、2番茶摘採後24時間以内(6月13日)に実施した。 In the field in Shizuoka prefecture, for the tea variety "Yabukita", the mixed cooling steam shown in Table 1 is applied to tea trees and tea leaves using a commercially available nozzle (20 heads) used for tea control. On the other hand, the control treatment of spraying only the treatment time shown in Table 1 was carried out within 24 hours (June 13) after the second tea was picked.
この際、混合冷却水蒸気は、市販のボイラーSB-110(丸文製作所製)を用いて作製した0.1MPaで100℃の飽和水蒸気と、0.1MPaで15℃の大気を、チャンバー内で体積比1:1~1:4の割合で混合し、ノズルから放出される蒸気大気の混合気体の温度を計測し、その計測された温度を基に混合器で取り込む大気量を調整して目的の混合冷却水蒸気を得た。
また、茶葉の葉面温度は、赤外線放射温度計(SK-8700II、佐藤計量器製作所製)を用い、葉層表面に位置している親葉の表面温度を測定した。後述する場合も同様である。At this time, as the mixed cooling steam, saturated steam at 0.1 MPa and 100 ° C. produced by using a commercially available boiler SB-110 (manufactured by Marubun Seisakusho) and the atmosphere at 0.1 MPa and 15 ° C. are used in a volume ratio in the chamber. Mix at a ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 4, measure the temperature of the mixed gas of the steam atmosphere discharged from the nozzle, and adjust the amount of air taken in by the mixer based on the measured temperature to achieve the desired mixing. Cooling steam was obtained.
The leaf surface temperature of the tea leaves was measured by using an infrared radiation thermometer (SK-8700II, manufactured by Sato Keiryoki Mfg. Co., Ltd.) to measure the surface temperature of the parent leaves located on the leaf layer surface. The same applies to the cases described later.
なお、表に示した「飽和水蒸気量(L/min)」「外気量(L/min)」は、1分間に0.1MPa(大気圧)の飽和水蒸気及び外気をチャンバー内に供給した量である。
また、表に示した「飽和水蒸気接触量」、「混合冷却水蒸気接触量」、「水分量」はそれぞれ、1m3当りの茶葉乃至茶樹に対して噴射した単位時間当たりの体積又は質量である。後述する場合も同様である。The "saturated water vapor amount (L / min)" and "outside air amount (L / min)" shown in the table are the amounts of 0.1 MPa (atmospheric pressure) saturated water vapor and outside air supplied into the chamber per minute. be.
The "saturated steam contact amount", "mixed cooling steam contact amount", and "moisture amount" shown in the table are the volumes or masses per unit time of tea leaves or tea plants sprayed per 1 m3 , respectively. The same applies to the cases described later.
そして、3番茶摘採日(7月29日)において、「炭そ病」、「輪斑病」及び「害虫」の発生の有無を観察し、それぞれ発生しなかった場合「〇(good)」と判定し、発生が確認された場合「×(poor)」と判定した。 Then, on the third tea picking day (July 29), the presence or absence of "anthrax", "ring spot disease" and "pest" was observed, and if they did not occur, "○ (good)" was given. Judgment was made, and when the occurrence was confirmed, it was judged as "x (poor)".
<結果>
上記実施例及びこれまで本発明が行ってきた試験結果から、飽和水蒸気と大気とを体積比1:1~1:4で混合して得た混合冷却水蒸気を茶樹及び茶葉に接触させると、茶の病害虫を防除することができることが分かった。<Result>
From the above examples and the test results obtained by the present invention, when the mixed cooling steam obtained by mixing saturated steam and the atmosphere at a volume ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 4 is brought into contact with tea plants and tea leaves, tea is obtained. It was found that the pests of the tea plant can be controlled.
<試験2>
飽和水蒸気と大気との混合割合を変化させて混合冷却水蒸気を作製し、混合冷却水蒸気を茶樹及び茶葉に接触させた際の処理頻度と、害虫防除効果との関係を検証した。<Test 2>
Mixed cooling steam was prepared by changing the mixing ratio of saturated steam and the atmosphere, and the relationship between the treatment frequency when the mixed cooling steam was brought into contact with tea plants and tea leaves and the pest control effect was verified.
静岡県内の圃場で、茶品種「やぶきた」に対して、試験1同様に作製した混合冷却水蒸気を、試験1と同様に茶樹及び茶葉に対して、表2に示した処理時間だけ噴射する処理を、二番茶摘採後から、10日おきに計11回実施した(6月13日~10月13日)。
処理期間中の8月22日に、各試験区に害虫トラップ(Bug-Scan、Biobest社製、10cm×13cm)を3箇所ずつ設置し、10月13日に回収した。その後トラップに付着した害虫の数をカウントし、茶樹乃至茶葉への害虫防除効果を検証した結果を表2に示す。
なお、害虫については、茶葉乃至茶樹において代表的な害虫であるチャノミドリヒメヨコバイを選択し、各試験区に設置した3箇所の害虫トラップに付着したチャノミドリヒメヨコバイの平均個体数から害虫防除効果の有無を判断した。In a field in Shizuoka prefecture, the mixed cooling steam prepared in the same manner as in Test 1 is sprayed onto tea trees and tea leaves for the tea variety "Yabukita" for the treatment time shown in Table 2 as in Test 1. Was carried out 11 times every 10 days after the second tea was picked (June 13 to October 13).
On August 22, during the treatment period, three pest traps (Bug-Scan, manufactured by Biobest, 10 cm x 13 cm) were installed in each test plot and collected on October 13. After that, the number of pests attached to the trap was counted, and the results of verifying the pest control effect on tea plants and leaves are shown in Table 2.
As for pests, Jacobiasca foreminosa, which is a typical pest in tea leaves or tea trees, was selected, and the pest control effect was obtained from the average number of leafhoppers attached to the three pest traps installed in each test plot. It was judged whether or not there was.
<結果>
混合冷却水蒸気を茶樹及び茶葉に接触させたすべての試験区において、慣行防除を行った試験区よりもチャノミドリヒメヨコバイの平均個体数が減少していることから、飽和水蒸気と大気とを体積比1:1~1:4で混合して得た混合冷却水蒸気を茶樹及び茶葉に接触させることで防虫効果が得られることが確認された。<Result>
In all the test plots where the mixed cooling steam was brought into contact with the tea trees and tea leaves, the average number of individuals of Jacobiasca forbiddenum was smaller than that in the test plots where the conventional control was performed. It was confirmed that the insect control effect can be obtained by bringing the mixed cooling steam obtained by mixing 1: 1 to 1: 4 into contact with the tea plant and the tea leaves.
<試験3>
混合冷却水蒸気を茶葉と接触させる防除処理を実施する好適な時期について検証した。<Test 3>
We verified the appropriate time to carry out the control treatment in which the mixed cooling steam is brought into contact with the tea leaves.
静岡県内の圃場で、茶品種「やぶきた」に対して、飽和水蒸気と大気とを体積比1:2で混合して得た混合冷却水蒸気を、試験1と同様に茶樹及び茶葉に対して6秒間噴射する防除処理を、一番茶摘採(4月23日)後に摘採面を均す目的で整枝を行ってから24時間以内(5月7日)、一葉期(5月21日)、三葉期(6月13日)にそれぞれ実施した。
そして、二番茶の摘採日(6月26日)において、やぶきたでは二番茶に発生しやすい「炭そ病」、やぶきたに感受性が高い「輪斑病」及び「害虫」の発生の有無を観察し、それぞれ発生しなかった場合「〇(good)」と判定し、発生が確認された場合「×(poor)」と判定した。In a field in Shizuoka prefecture, mixed cooling steam obtained by mixing saturated steam and air at a volume ratio of 1: 2 for the tea variety "Yabukita" was applied to tea trees and tea leaves in the same manner as in Test 1. Within 24 hours (May 7), one-leaf stage (May 21), Mitsuha after the first tea picking (April 23) and the branching for the purpose of leveling the picked surface It was carried out in each period (June 13th).
Then, on the day when the second tea was picked (June 26), the presence or absence of "anthrax", which is more likely to occur in the second tea, and "ring spot disease" and "pests", which are highly sensitive to the yabukita, were found. After observing, if each did not occur, it was judged as "○ (good)", and if it was confirmed, it was judged as "× (poor)".
なお、上記混合冷却水蒸気は、市販のボイラーSB-110(丸文製作所製)を用いて生成した0.1MPaで100℃の飽和水蒸気と、0.1MPaで10℃の大気を、チャンバー内で体積比1:2の割合で混合して作製した。 The mixed cooling steam is a saturated steam at 0.1 MPa and 100 ° C. produced by using a commercially available boiler SB-110 (manufactured by Marubun Seisakusho) and an atmosphere at 0.1 MPa and 10 ° C. in a volume ratio in the chamber. It was prepared by mixing at a ratio of 1: 2.
<結果>
試験区16~22は、試験区24の慣行防除と同等の防除効果を得ることができ、混合冷却水蒸気を茶葉と接触させる防除処理をどの時期に行っても有効であることが確認できた。
これに対し、未処理区である試験区23は、二番茶となる1芯4~5葉はウンカの被害が顕著で9割が被害を受けた。そのため、直接的に炭そ病、輪斑病の発生を確認できなかったが、周囲の畑では慣行防除が不十分であった畝の端などで炭そ病、輪斑病の発生が見られた。炭そ病は雨滴による分生子の飛散、輪斑病は降雨による分生子の分散や摘採機への分生子の付着により拡がることを考えると、混合冷却水蒸気を茶葉に接触させる防除処理は有効であることが分かった。<Result>
It was confirmed that the test groups 16 to 22 could obtain the same control effect as the conventional control of the test group 24, and that the control treatment in which the mixed cooling steam was brought into contact with the tea leaves was effective at any time.
On the other hand, in the test plot 23, which is an untreated plot, 90% of the 1-core 4-5 leaves, which are the second tea, were damaged by planthoppers. Therefore, it was not possible to directly confirm the occurrence of anthrax and ring spot disease, but the occurrence of anthrax and ring spot disease was observed at the edges of ridges where conventional control was insufficient in the surrounding fields. rice field. Considering that charcoal disease spreads due to the scattering of conidia due to raindrops, and ring spot disease spreads due to the dispersion of conidia due to rainfall and the adhesion of conidia to the plucking machine, the control treatment in which the mixed cooling steam is brought into contact with the tea leaves is effective. It turned out that there was.
次に、各病害の発病までの流れと、蒸気防除が最も好ましい時期について検討した。
炭そ病は、若い芽にある毛茸から感染する病害であり、毛茸への付着後14~20日(最短で8~15日)の潜伏期間後に発病する。
このような炭そ病の防除方法は、毛茸がある芽の開葉期(一番茶摘採又は整枝から二週間以内)に行うことが最も有効であることが分かった。
他方、輪斑病は、主に摘採時の付傷面から感染する病害である。分生子は付着後2~3時間で発芽し、5~10日の潜伏期間後発病する。従来の慣行防除では、摘採後1日以内に防除(薬剤散布)を行う必要があり、期間が開くほど効果が減ると言われてきた。
輪斑病の防除については、摘採又は整枝から1日以内に行うのが最も有効であると考えることができる。
ウンカは、若い芽のみ吸汁を行うため、芽の開葉期(一番茶摘採から二週間以内)に行うことが最も有効である。Next, the flow up to the onset of each disease and the most preferable time for steam control were examined.
Anthrax is a disease that is transmitted from hair mushrooms on young shoots and develops after an incubation period of 14 to 20 days (8 to 15 days at the shortest) after attachment to hair mushrooms.
It was found that the most effective method for controlling such anthrax is to perform it during the leaf opening stage (within two weeks from the first tea pruning or pruning) of the buds with hair mushrooms.
On the other hand, ring spot disease is a disease that is transmitted mainly from the injured surface at the time of plucking. Conidia germinate 2-3 hours after attachment and develop after an incubation period of 5-10 days. In the conventional practice control, it is necessary to control (spray the chemicals) within one day after pest control, and it has been said that the effect decreases as the period increases.
Regarding the control of ring spot disease, it can be considered that it is most effective to perform it within one day from pruning or pruning.
Since planthoppers suck only young shoots, it is most effective to perform them during the leaf opening period (within two weeks after the first tea is picked).
混合冷却水蒸気を茶葉乃至茶樹に接触させる防除処理は、上記の期間外(試験区17,18など)に行っても効果が出ており、これらについては次のように考えることができる。
農薬は大きく分けると「予防剤」「治療剤」を散布することになる。上記の摘採から1日以内、一番茶から2週間以内などはいずれも「予防」を目指すものであり、発病を予防することが良い品質の茶葉を得ることに繋がるとの考え方による。しかし、防除を行っても発病することがあるため慣行防除では治療剤を使うが、農薬は使用時期が明確に決まっており、予防剤は一般的には二番茶摘採の30日前まで、治療剤は一般的には二番茶摘採の14日前までしか使えない。そのため、これまで摘採の一定期間前には農薬を散布できず病害が拡がってしまっていた。しかし、混合冷却水蒸気を茶葉乃至茶樹に接触させる防除処理によれば、農薬を用いないため、必要な時期に処理することができる。The control treatment in which the mixed cooling steam is brought into contact with the tea leaves or tea plants is effective even if it is performed outside the above period (test groups 17, 18 and the like), and these can be considered as follows.
Agricultural chemicals can be broadly divided into "preventive agents" and "therapeutic agents". Within one day from the above-mentioned plucking and within two weeks from the first tea, the aim is "prevention", and it is based on the idea that preventing the onset of the disease leads to obtaining good quality tea leaves. However, since the disease may develop even if the control is performed, a therapeutic agent is used in the conventional control, but the time of use of the pesticide is clearly decided, and the preventive agent is generally a therapeutic agent until 30 days before the second tea is picked. Can generally only be used up to 14 days before the second tea is picked. Therefore, until now, pesticides could not be sprayed before a certain period of plucking, and the disease had spread. However, according to the control treatment in which the mixed cooling steam is brought into contact with the tea leaves or tea plants, pesticides are not used, so that the treatment can be performed at a required time.
<試験4>
最も外部環境に弱い1番茶の萌芽期に混合冷却水蒸気を茶樹に対して散布し、熱傷害を生じない条件を検証した。<Test 4>
During the germination period of No. 1 tea, which is the most vulnerable to the external environment, mixed cooling steam was sprayed on the tea plants to verify the conditions that did not cause heat damage.
静岡県内の圃場で、茶品種「やぶきた」に対して、混合冷却水蒸気を茶防除に用いられる市販のノズル(20頭口)を使用して、3秒~10秒間、茶樹及び茶葉に対して噴射し、熱傷害の有無を観察した。 In a field in Shizuoka prefecture, for the tea variety "Yabukita", use a commercially available nozzle (20 heads) used for tea control with mixed cooling steam for tea trees and tea leaves for 3 to 10 seconds. It was sprayed and the presence or absence of heat damage was observed.
この際、混合冷却水蒸気は、下記表4のように、市販のボイラーSB-110(丸文製作所製)を用いて生成した0.1MPaで100℃の飽和水蒸気と、0.1MPaで10℃の大気を、チャンバー内で体積比1:1~1:4の割合で混合して調製した。ノズルから放出される蒸気大気の混合気体の温度を計測し、その計測された温度を基に混合器で取り込む大気量を調整して目的の混合冷却水蒸気を得た。 At this time, as shown in Table 4 below, the mixed cooling steam was a saturated steam at 0.1 MPa and 100 ° C. generated using a commercially available boiler SB-110 (manufactured by Marubun Seisakusho) and an atmosphere at 0.1 MPa and 10 ° C. Was prepared by mixing in a chamber at a volume ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 4. The temperature of the mixed gas of the steam atmosphere discharged from the nozzle was measured, and the amount of air taken in by the mixer was adjusted based on the measured temperature to obtain the desired mixed cooling steam.
また、茶葉の葉面温度は、赤外線放射温度計(SK-8700II、佐藤計量器製作所製)を用い、葉層表面に位置している親葉の表面温度を測定した。
熱傷害の有無の判定は、葉が溶けるように落ちたり、又は葉が赤黒く変色し落ちたりするなど、葉の成長が進まずに落葉してしまった状態が観察された場合、熱傷害「有り」と判定し、一部のみにそのような状態が観察された場合、熱傷害「一部有り」と判定し、そのような状態がどこにも観察されなかった場合、熱傷害「無し」と判定した。The leaf surface temperature of the tea leaves was measured by using an infrared radiation thermometer (SK-8700II, manufactured by Sato Keiryoki Mfg. Co., Ltd.) to measure the surface temperature of the parent leaves located on the leaf layer surface.
The presence or absence of thermal injury is determined by the presence or absence of thermal injury when it is observed that the leaves have fallen without progressing, such as the leaves falling to melt or the leaves turning red and black and falling off. If such a condition is observed only in a part, it is determined that there is a thermal injury, and if such a condition is not observed anywhere, it is determined that there is no thermal injury. bottom.
<結果>
飽和水蒸気と大気を、体積比1:1~1:4の割合で混合した混合冷却水蒸気を接触させた場合には、長時間(10秒)当てても熱傷害を発生しなかったのに対し、飽和水蒸気と大気を体積比1:1の割合で混合した混合冷却水蒸気を接触させた場合は、10秒で一部熱傷害が発生した。また体積比1:0.8で混合した混合冷却水蒸気は60℃を超えてしまうため、より短時間で熱傷害が発生した。
<Result>
When saturated steam and the atmosphere were brought into contact with mixed cooling steam mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 4, no thermal injury occurred even when exposed for a long time (10 seconds). When saturated steam and mixed cooling steam in which the atmosphere was mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1 were brought into contact with each other, partial thermal injury occurred in 10 seconds. Further, since the mixed cooling steam mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 0.8 exceeds 60 ° C., heat damage occurs in a shorter time.
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