JP7058486B2 - Shellfish growth promoting material and method for promoting the growth of shellfish - Google Patents
Shellfish growth promoting material and method for promoting the growth of shellfish Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、貝類成長促進材および貝類の成長の促進方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a shellfish growth promoting material and a method for promoting the growth of shellfish.
水生生物の成育環境を改善する方法として、種々の方法が知られている。
例えば、特許文献１には、水棲生物の養殖用の水の中に供給するための、ケイ酸カルシウムを含む養殖用資材であって、蒸留水１リットルに対して上記養殖用資材を１ｇの量で添加した場合における水溶性ＳｉＯ２の溶出量が、３ｍｇ以上であることを特徴とする養殖用資材が記載されている。該養殖用資材によれば、養殖池等の水質悪化を抑制し、養殖対象である水棲生物の生存率を向上させることができる。
Various methods are known as methods for improving the growth environment of aquatic organisms.
For example, Patent Document 1 describes aquaculture material containing calcium silicate for supplying into water for aquaculture of aquatic organisms, and the amount of the above-mentioned aquaculture material is 1 g per 1 liter of distilled water. Described are aquaculture materials characterized in that the amount of water-soluble SiO 2 eluted when added in 1 is 3 mg or more. According to the aquaculture material, deterioration of water quality in aquaculture ponds and the like can be suppressed, and the survival rate of aquaculture organisms to be cultivated can be improved.
本発明の目的は、硫化水素やヘドロの発生等による貝類の成育環境の悪化を抑制することができ、かつ、貝類の成長を促進することができる貝類成長促進材を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a shellfish growth promoting material capable of suppressing deterioration of the growth environment of shellfish due to generation of hydrogen sulfide, sludge, etc., and promoting the growth of shellfish.
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物を構成する全粒体中、１ｍｍ未満の粒度を有する粒体、１～３ｍｍの粒度を有する粒体、３ｍｍを超え、４ｍｍ以下の粒度を有する粒体、及び、４ｍｍを超える粒度を有する粒体の各々の割合が特定の数値範囲内である貝類成長促進材によれば、上記目的を達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
すなわち、本発明は、以下の［１］～［４］を提供するものである。
［１］ ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物からなる貝類成長促進材であって、上記ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物を構成する全粒体中、１ｍｍ未満の粒度を有する粒体の割合が１２質量％以下であり、１～３ｍｍの粒度を有する粒体の割合が１０～８０質量％であり、３ｍｍを超え、４ｍｍ以下の粒度を有する粒体の割合が１０～８０質量％であり、４ｍｍを超える粒度を有する粒体の割合が１２質量％以下であることを特徴とする貝類成長促進材。
［２］ 上記ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物が、トバモライト、ゾノトライト、ＣＳＨゲル、フォシャジャイト、ジャイロライト、ヒレブランダイト、およびウォラストナイトからなる群より選ばれる１種以上を含む前記［１］に記載の貝類成長促進材。
［３］ 前記［１］又は［２］に記載の貝類成長促進材を用いた貝類の成長の促進方法であって、上記貝類成長促進材を底質の中に入れ混ぜることを特徴とする貝類の成長の促進方法。
［４］ 上記貝類成長促進材の量が、水底を形成する上記底質（ただし、上記貝類成長促進材との混合の対象となる領域内のものに限る。）１００質量部当たり、０．１～５．０質量部である前記［３］に記載の貝類の成長の促進方法。
As a result of diligent studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has found that among all the granules constituting the calcium silicate-containing granules, the granules having a particle size of less than 1 mm and the granules having a particle size of 1 to 3 mm. It was found that the above object can be achieved by using a shellfish growth promoting material in which the proportions of the granules having a particle size of more than 3 mm and 4 mm or less and the granules having a particle size of more than 4 mm are within a specific numerical range. , The present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [4].
[1] A shellfish growth promoting material composed of calcium silicate-containing particles, wherein the proportion of particles having a particle size of less than 1 mm is 12% by mass or less among all the particles constituting the calcium silicate-containing particles. Yes, the proportion of particles having a particle size of 1 to 3 mm is 10 to 80% by mass, and the proportion of particles having a particle size of more than 3 mm and 4 mm or less is 10 to 80% by mass, and the particle size is more than 4 mm. A shellfish growth promoting material characterized in that the proportion of particles contained is 12% by mass or less.
[2] The calcium silicate-containing granules include at least one selected from the group consisting of tovamorite, zonotrite, CSH gel, foschagit, gyrolite, finbrandite, and wollastonite in the above [1]. The described shellfish growth promoting material.
[3] A method for promoting the growth of shellfish using the shellfish growth-promoting material according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the shellfish growth-promoting material is mixed in a sediment. How to promote growth.
[4] The amount of the shellfish growth promoting material is 0.1 per 100 parts by mass of the sediment forming the water bottom (provided that it is within the region to be mixed with the shellfish growth promoting material). The method for promoting the growth of shellfish according to the above [3], which is ~ 5.0 parts by mass.
本発明の貝類成長促進材によれば、硫化水素やヘドロの発生等による貝類の成育環境の悪化を抑制することができ、かつ、貝類の成長を促進することができる。 According to the shellfish growth promoting material of the present invention, deterioration of the growth environment of shellfish due to the generation of hydrogen sulfide and sludge can be suppressed, and the growth of shellfish can be promoted.
本発明の貝類成長促進材は、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物からなり、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物を構成する全粒体中、１ｍｍ未満の粒度を有する粒体の割合が１２質量％以下であり、１～３ｍｍの粒度を有する粒体の割合が１０～８０質量％であり、３ｍｍを超え、４ｍｍ以下の粒度を有する粒体の割合が１０～８０質量％であり、４ｍｍを超える粒度を有する粒体の割合が１２質量％以下であるものである。 The shellfish growth promoting material of the present invention is composed of calcium silicate-containing granules, and the proportion of granules having a particle size of less than 1 mm is 12% by mass or less in all the granules constituting the calcium silicate-containing granules. The proportion of granules having a particle size of 1 to 3 mm is 10 to 80% by mass, the proportion of granules having a particle size of more than 3 mm and 4 mm or less is 10 to 80% by mass, and the proportion of granules having a particle size of more than 4 mm is 10 to 80% by mass. The proportion of the body is 12% by mass or less.
ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物とは、ケイ酸カルシウムを含む化合物（以下、「ケイ酸カルシウム含有材料」ともいう。）の粒状物である。
ケイ酸カルシウム含有材料の例としては、トバモライト、ゾノトライト、ＣＳＨゲル、フォシャジャイト、ジャイロライト、ヒレブランダイト、およびウォラストナイト等が挙げられる。これらは１種を単独で用いてもよく、２種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
トバモライトとは、結晶性のケイ酸カルシウム水和物であり、Ｃａ５・（Ｓｉ６Ｏ１８Ｈ２）・４Ｈ2Ｏ（板状の形態）、Ｃａ５・（Ｓｉ６Ｏ１８Ｈ２）（板状の形態）、Ｃａ５・（Ｓｉ６Ｏ１８Ｈ２）・８Ｈ2Ｏ（繊維状の形態）等の化学組成を有するものである。
ゾノトライトとは、結晶性のケイ酸カルシウム水和物であり、Ｃａ６・（Ｓｉ６Ｏ１７）・（ＯＨ）2（繊維状の形態）等の化学組成を有するものである。
ＣＳＨゲルとは、αＣａＯ・βＳｉＯ2・γＨ2Ｏ（ただし、α／β＝０．７～２．３、γ／β＝１．２～２．７である。）の化学組成を有するものである。具体的には、３ＣａＯ・２ＳｉＯ2・３Ｈ2Ｏの化学組成を有するケイ酸カルシウム水和物等が挙げられる。
フォシャジャイトとは、Ｃａ４（ＳｉＯ３）３（ＯＨ）２等の化学組成を有するものである。
ジャイロライトとは、（ＮａＣａ２）Ｃａ１４（Ｓｉ２３Ａｌ）Ｏ６０（ＯＨ）８・１４Ｈ２Ｏ等の化学組成を有するものである。
ヒレブランダイトとは、Ｃａ２ＳｉＯ３（ＯＨ）２等の化学組成を有するものである。
ウォラストナイトとは、ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ２（繊維状又は柱状の形態）等の化学組成を有するものである。
The calcium silicate-containing granules are granules of a compound containing calcium silicate (hereinafter, also referred to as "calcium silicate-containing material").
Examples of calcium silicate-containing materials include tovamorite, zonotrite, CSH gel, foschagit, gyrolite, finbrandite, wollastonite and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Tovamorite is a crystalline calcium silicate hydrate, Ca 5 · (Si 6 O 18 H 2 ) · 4H 2 O (plate-like form), Ca 5 · (Si 6 O 18 H 2 ) ( It has a chemical composition such as (plate-like form), Ca 5 · (Si 6 O 18 H 2 ), 8H 2 O (fibrous form).
Zonotolite is a crystalline calcium silicate hydrate having a chemical composition such as Ca 6 , (Si 6 O 17 ), (OH) 2 (fibrous form).
The CSH gel has a chemical composition of αCaO, βSiO 2 , γH 2 O (however, α / β = 0.7 to 2.3 and γ / β = 1.2 to 2.7). be. Specific examples thereof include calcium silicate hydrate having a chemical composition of 3CaO, 2SiO2 , 3H2O and the like.
Foschagit has a chemical composition such as Ca 4 (SiO 3 ) 3 (OH) 2 .
The gyrolite has a chemical composition such as (NaCa 2 ) Ca 14 (Si 23 Al) O 60 (OH) 8.14H 2 O.
The fin brandite has a chemical composition such as Ca 2 SiO 3 (OH) 2 .
Wollastonite has a chemical composition such as CaO · SiO 2 (fibrous or columnar form).
また、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物は多孔質であることが好ましい。ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物が多孔質である場合、該粒状物を底質の中に入れ混ぜた際に、該粒状物の多孔質部分に存在する空気が、底質中に連行されることによって、底質中に存在する水の溶存酸素量をより大きくすることができる。また、底質の通水性をより向上することができる。溶存酸素量の増加や底質の通水性の向上によって、貝類の成長をより促進することができる。 Further, the calcium silicate-containing granules are preferably porous. When the calcium silicate-containing granules are porous, when the granules are mixed in the sediment, the air present in the porous portion of the granules is entrained in the sediment. , The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water present in the sediment can be increased. In addition, the water permeability of the bottom sediment can be further improved. By increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen and improving the water permeability of the sediment, the growth of shellfish can be further promoted.
ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物を構成する全粒体中、１ｍｍ未満の粒度を有する粒体の割合は、１２質量％以下、好ましくは１０質量％以下、より好ましくは９質量％以下、特に好ましくは８質量％以下である。該割合が１２質量％を超える場合、底質の通水性を向上させる効果が小さくなるため、貝類の成長を促進する効果が小さくなる。
ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物を構成する全粒体中、１～３ｍｍの粒度を有する粒体の割合は、１０～８０質量％、好ましくは１５～７５質量％、より好ましくは２０～７０質量％、特に好ましくは３０～６０質量％である。該割合が上記数値範囲内であれば、貝類の成長を促進することができる。
The proportion of the granules having a particle size of less than 1 mm in the whole granules constituting the calcium silicate-containing granules is 12% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 9% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 8. It is less than mass%. When the ratio exceeds 12% by mass, the effect of improving the water permeability of the sediment is reduced, and therefore the effect of promoting the growth of shellfish is reduced.
The proportion of the granules having a particle size of 1 to 3 mm in the total granules constituting the calcium silicate-containing granules is 10 to 80% by mass, preferably 15 to 75% by mass, and more preferably 20 to 70% by mass. Particularly preferably, it is 30 to 60% by mass. When the ratio is within the above numerical range, the growth of shellfish can be promoted.
ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物を構成する全粒体中、３ｍｍを超え、４ｍｍ以下の粒度を有する粒体の割合は、１０～８０質量％、好ましくは１５～７５質量％、より好ましくは２０～７０質量％、特に好ましくは２５～５０質量％である。該割合が上記数値範囲内であれば、貝類の成長を促進することができる。
ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物を構成する全粒体中、４ｍｍを超える粒度を有する粒体の割合は、１２質量％以下、好ましくは１０質量％以下、より好ましくは９質量％以下、特に好ましくは８質量％以下である。該割合が１２質量％を超える場合、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物の沈降性が悪くなるため、該粒状物が底質から浮き上がって流出する場合がある。
なお、本明細書中、「粒度」とは、上記粒体における最大寸法（例えば、断面がだ円である粒体においては、長軸の寸法をいう。）をいう。
The proportion of particles having a particle size of more than 3 mm and a particle size of 4 mm or less in the total particles constituting the calcium silicate-containing granules is 10 to 80% by mass, preferably 15 to 75% by mass, and more preferably 20 to 70. It is by mass, particularly preferably 25 to 50% by mass. When the ratio is within the above numerical range, the growth of shellfish can be promoted.
The proportion of the granules having a particle size of more than 4 mm in the whole granules constituting the calcium silicate-containing granules is 12% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 9% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 8. It is less than mass%. If the ratio exceeds 12% by mass, the sedimentation property of the calcium silicate-containing granules deteriorates, so that the granules may float up from the sediment and flow out.
In addition, in this specification, "particle size" means the maximum dimension in the said granule (for example, in the case of a granule having an elliptical cross section, it means the dimension of the long axis).
次に、本発明の貝類の成長の促進方法について説明する。
本発明の貝類の成長の促進方法は、上述した貝類成長促進材を底質の中に入れ混ぜる方法である。
本発明の対象となる貝類としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、アサリ、ハマグリ、シジミ、ホッキガイ等の二枚貝や、アワビ、サザエ、ウミニナ等の巻き貝等が挙げられる。
本明細書中、「底質」とは、淡水、汽水または海水の水域において、水底を形成している表層をいう。なお、貝類成長促進材を入れ混ぜることができないもの（例えば、岩石からなる表層）は、底質に含まれないものとする。該表層の例としては、砂、粘土、砂泥、または泥からなる表層等が挙げられる。
Next, the method for promoting the growth of shellfish of the present invention will be described.
The method for promoting the growth of shellfish of the present invention is a method in which the above-mentioned shellfish growth promoting material is mixed in the sediment.
The shellfish to be the subject of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include bivalves such as lajonkairia lajonii, clams, freshwater clams, and surf clams, and snails such as abalone, turban shell, and surf clam.
As used herein, the term "sediment" refers to the surface layer forming the bottom in freshwater, brackish water, or seawater. Those that cannot be mixed with shellfish growth promoting materials (for example, the surface layer made of rock) are not included in the sediment. Examples of the surface layer include a surface layer made of sand, clay, sand mud, or mud.
貝類成長促進材を底質の中に入れ混ぜる方法の例としては、貝類成長促進材を散布した後、熊手、すき、くわ等を用いて、手作業で入れ混ぜる方法や、耕耘機、トラクター等の機械を用いて入れ混ぜる方法等が挙げられる。また、海底において、貝類成長促進材を底質の中に入れ混ぜる場合、貝類成長促進材を散布した後、八尺等の桁網を船でけん引してもよい。
貝類成長促進材を散布する方法の例としては、人力で散布する方法、及び、市販の肥料散布用機械を用いる方法等が挙げられる。
Examples of the method of mixing the shellfish growth promoting material in the sediment include a method of manually mixing the shellfish growth promoting material using a rake, a plow, a hoe, etc. after spraying the shellfish growth promoting material, a tiller, a tractor, etc. The method of mixing and mixing using the machine of the above can be mentioned. Further, when the shellfish growth promoting material is mixed in the sediment on the seabed, the shellfish growth promoting material may be sprayed and then a girder net such as an eight shaku may be towed by a ship.
Examples of the method of spraying the shellfish growth promoting material include a method of spraying manually and a method of using a commercially available fertilizer spraying machine.
貝類成長促進材は、底質の上面から、該上面を基準に適宜の深さの地点にまでに亘って、貝類成長促進材が存在する状態になるように、入れ混ぜることが好ましい。
貝類成長促進材を混合した底質（貝類成長促進材が存在する状態となった底質）の深さは、特に限定されないが、貝類の成長をより促進する観点から、底質の上面から５０ｃｍ以下、好ましくは４０ｃｍ以下、より好ましくは３０ｃｍ以下である。
該深さの下限値は、特に限定されないが、底質の深い地点に潜る貝類に対しても成長促進の効果を与える観点から、好ましくは１０ｃｍ、より好ましくは１５ｃｍ、特に好ましくは２０ｃｍである。
It is preferable to mix the shellfish growth-promoting material from the upper surface of the bottom sediment to a point at an appropriate depth with respect to the upper surface so that the shellfish growth-promoting material is present.
The depth of the bottom sediment mixed with the shellfish growth promoting material (the bottom sediment in which the shellfish growth promoting material is present) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of further promoting the growth of shellfish, 50 cm from the upper surface of the bottom sediment. Below, it is preferably 40 cm or less, more preferably 30 cm or less.
The lower limit of the depth is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 cm, more preferably 15 cm, and particularly preferably 20 cm from the viewpoint of imparting a growth promoting effect to shellfish lurking in a deep bottom.
貝類成長促進材の量は、水底を形成する底質（ただし、貝類成長促進材との混合の対象となる領域内のものに限る。）１００質量部当たり、好ましくは、０．１～５．０質量部、より好ましくは０．２～２．０質量部、さらに好ましくは０．３～１．０質量部、特に好ましくは０．４～０．８質量部である。該量が０．１質量部以上であれば、貝類の成長をより促進することができる。該量が５．０質量部以下であれば、材料にかかるコストを低減することができる。 The amount of the shellfish growth-promoting material is preferably 0.1 to 5. It is 0 parts by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 2.0 parts by mass, still more preferably 0.3 to 1.0 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.4 to 0.8 parts by mass. When the amount is 0.1 part by mass or more, the growth of shellfish can be further promoted. When the amount is 5.0 parts by mass or less, the cost of the material can be reduced.
貝類成長促進材を底質の中に入れ混ぜることによって、以下の利点がある。
底質内部に貝類成長促進材が混合されて、底質内部の酸性化を抑制し、水域や底質のｐＨが過度の酸性（例えば、ｐＨ４．０未満）になることによる、貝類の成長への悪影響を防ぐことができる。
また、底質中に存在する水の溶存酸素量を大きくし、底質の通水性を向上させることができる。これにより、硫酸還元菌等の嫌気性微生物の活動を抑制して、硫化水素の発生を抑制することができ、さらには、底質内部の有機質成分の分解を促進することができる。
また、底質のｐＨがアルカリ性（例えば、ｐＨ９．０以上）になることを防ぎ、貝類の成長への悪影響を防ぐことができる。例えば、アサリは、ｐＨ９．０以上の環境下ではへい死することが知られている。
また、貝類成長促進材からケイ酸が溶出することにより、貝類の餌となる珪藻を増殖させることができる。
さらに、底質と貝類成長促進材を混合することによって、潮汐等による貝類成長促進材の流出を防ぐことができる。
By mixing the shellfish growth promoting material in the sediment, there are the following advantages.
Shellfish growth-promoting material is mixed inside the bottom sediment to suppress acidification inside the bottom sediment, and the pH of the water area and bottom sediment becomes excessively acidic (for example, pH less than 4.0), leading to the growth of shellfish. It is possible to prevent the adverse effects of.
In addition, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water present in the sediment can be increased to improve the water permeability of the sediment. As a result, the activity of anaerobic microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria can be suppressed, the generation of hydrogen sulfide can be suppressed, and the decomposition of organic components inside the sediment can be promoted.
In addition, it is possible to prevent the pH of the bottom sediment from becoming alkaline (for example, pH 9.0 or higher) and prevent adverse effects on the growth of shellfish. For example, Lajonkairia lajonii is known to die in an environment of pH 9.0 or higher.
In addition, the elution of silicic acid from the shellfish growth promoting material enables the growth of diatoms that feed on shellfish.
Furthermore, by mixing the bottom sediment and the shellfish growth promoting material, it is possible to prevent the outflow of the shellfish growth promoting material due to tides and the like.
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
［使用材料］
（１）貝類成長促進材；多孔質のケイ酸カルシウム含有粒状物からなるもの、１ｍｍ未満の粒度を有する粒体の割合：８質量％、１～３ｍｍの粒度を有する粒体の割合：５０質量％、３ｍｍを超え、４ｍｍ以下の粒度を有する粒体の割合：３４質量％、４ｍｍを超える粒度を有する粒体の割合：８質量％
（２）底質；干潟より採取した砂、粘土、泥の混合物、湿潤密度：１．８９ｇ／ｃｍ３、含水率：２７．２％、ｐＨ：７．１、ＯＲＰ：７４ｍＶ
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
[Material used]
(1) Shell growth promoting material; made of porous calcium silicate-containing granules, proportion of granules having a particle size of less than 1 mm: 8% by mass, proportion of granules having a particle size of 1 to 3 mm: 50 mass. %, Percentage of granules having a particle size of more than 3 mm and 4 mm or less: 34% by mass%, Percentage of granules having a particle size of more than 4 mm: 8% by mass
(2) Bottom sediment: Mixture of sand, clay and mud collected from tidal flats, wet density: 1.89 g / cm 3 , moisture content: 27.2%, pH: 7.1, ORP: 74 mV
［実施例１］
底質１００質量部あたり０．５質量部となる量の貝類成長促進材を添加し、スコップを用いて、均一に混合した。得られた混合物（貝類成長促進材を混合した底質）を容積が０．４ｍ３である水槽に、水槽内における底質の深さが２０ｃｍになるようにいれた。その後、長径が２０～３０ｍｍであるアサリを、３００個／ｍ２となる数量で投入して、ろ過した天然海水をかけ流しながら、室内環境下において３０日間、アサリの飼育を行った。
飼育中、別途、培養した珪藻（天然海水由来のもの）を、アサリの成長に合わせた適正な濃度となるように天然海水で希釈し、上記水槽に投与した。珪藻の投与は、珪藻を含む海水が、上記水槽の下部から底質を通って、底質の上部へと通過するようにして行った。
３０日経過後、水槽内にはアサリの***物（偽糞）が多くみられ、底質の表面にはアサリが活発に動き回った形跡がみられた。また、アサリの殻は変色しておらず、アサリが殻を大きく開いて水管を伸ばしている様子がみられた。
また、底質を掘り起こしても、硫化水素の臭気は感じられなかった。
さらに、水槽内の海水を採取し、顕微鏡で確認したところ、珪藻が多くみられた。
[Example 1]
An amount of a shellfish growth promoting material of 0.5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of sediment was added, and the mixture was uniformly mixed using a shovel. The obtained mixture (sediment mixed with a shellfish growth promoting material) was placed in a water tank having a volume of 0.4 m 3 so that the depth of the bottom sediment in the water tank was 20 cm. After that, lajonkairia lajonii having a major axis of 20 to 30 mm were added in a quantity of 300 pieces / m 2 , and the lajonkairia lajon was bred in an indoor environment for 30 days while flowing filtered natural seawater.
During breeding, separately cultured diatoms (derived from natural seawater) were diluted with natural seawater so as to have an appropriate concentration according to the growth of lajonkairia lajonata, and administered to the above aquarium. The administration of diatoms was carried out so that seawater containing diatoms passed from the lower part of the water tank through the sediment to the upper part of the sediment.
After 30 days, a lot of excrement (fake feces) of Lajonkairia lajon was found in the aquarium, and there was evidence that Lajonkairia lajon was actively moving around on the surface of the sediment. In addition, the shell of the asari was not discolored, and it was observed that the shell was wide open and the water pipe was extended.
Moreover, even if the bottom sediment was dug up, the odor of hydrogen sulfide was not felt.
Furthermore, when seawater in the aquarium was collected and checked under a microscope, many diatoms were found.
３０日経過後の底質の、ｐＨおよびＯＲＰ（Ｏｘｄａｔｉｏｎ－ｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ Ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ）を測定した。
ｐＨの測定はｐＨ電極、ＯＲＰの測定はＯＲＰ電極を用いて、底質の深さ５ｃｍのところまで挿入することで行った。
また、水槽中の５０個のアサリを任意に採取し、該アサリの軟体部分の質量（アサリから殻を除去した直後の質量）を測定し、その平均値を算出した。
なお、試験開始前の任意に採取した５０個のアサリの軟体部分の質量（アサリから殻を除去した直後の質量）の平均値は１．６ｇであった。
After 30 days, the pH and ORP (Oxtion-reduction Potential) of the sediment were measured.
The pH was measured using a pH electrode, and the ORP was measured using an ORP electrode by inserting the sediment to a depth of 5 cm.
In addition, 50 sardines in the water tank were arbitrarily collected, the mass of the soft body portion of the sardines (the mass immediately after removing the shell from the sardines) was measured, and the average value was calculated.
The average value of the mass (mass immediately after removing the shell from the lajonkairia) of 50 arbitrarily collected lajonkairia lajonii before the start of the test was 1.6 g.
［比較例１］
底質に貝類成長促進材を入れ混ぜない以外は、実施例１と同様にして、アサリの飼育を行った。
３０日経過後、水槽内のアサリの***物（偽糞）は、ほとんどなく、実施例１と比較して極めて少なかった。また、灰色のヘドロ（有機質成分を含むもの）が水面全面に確認された。また、ヘドロの影響によってアサリの殻が黒色に変色しており、アサリの多くは殻を閉じ、水管を出していなかった。
また、底質を掘り起こすと、硫化水素の臭気が感じられた。
さらに、水槽内の海水を採取し、顕微鏡で確認したところ、ミジンコ類やカイアシ類等のプランクトンが多くみられた。
実施例１と同様にして、３０日経過後の底質の、ｐＨおよびＯＲＰ（Ｏｘｄａｔｉｏｎ－ｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ Ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ）を測定し、アサリの軟体部分の質量の平均値を算出した。
結果を表１に示す。
[Comparative Example 1]
Lajonkairia lajon was bred in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the bottom sediment was not mixed with the shellfish growth promoting material.
After 30 days, there was almost no excrement (pseudo-feces) of Lajonkairia lajonus in the aquarium, which was extremely small as compared with Example 1. In addition, gray sludge (containing organic components) was confirmed on the entire surface of the water. In addition, the shell of the asari turned black due to the influence of sludge, and most of the asari closed the shell and did not put out the water pipe.
Also, when the bottom sediment was dug up, the odor of hydrogen sulfide was felt.
Furthermore, when seawater in the aquarium was collected and confirmed with a microscope, many plankton such as Daphnia pulexis and copepods were found.
In the same manner as in Example 1, the pH and ORP (Oxtion-reduction Potential) of the sediment after 30 days were measured, and the average value of the mass of the soft portion of Lajonkairia lajonii was calculated.
The results are shown in Table 1.
実施例１と比較例２の比較から、貝類成長促進材を使用することで、ヘドロの発生および硫化水素の発生を抑制しうることがわかる。
また、表１から、実施例１における、アサリの軟体部分の質量の平均値（１．８ｇ）は、試験開始前のアサリの軟体部分の質量の平均値（１．６ｇ）よりも大きく、貝類成長促進材を使用することで、アサリの成長が促進されていることがわかる。
一方、比較例１では、アサリの軟体部分の質量の平均値（１．４ｇ）は、試験開始前のアサリの軟体部分の質量の平均値（１．６ｇ）よりも小さいことがわかる。これは、アサリの嫌気代謝によるものと考えられる。
また、実施例１において、３０日経過後の底質のｐＨは８．０であった。これは一般的な海水のｐＨ（約８．１）と同程度である。
さらに、実施例１において、底質のＯＲＰは２８ｍＶであった。これは健全な干潟の底質と同等の酸化雰囲気であることを示している。一方、比較例１において、底質のＯＲＰは－２２０ｍＶであった。これは、硫化水素やヘドロが発生しやすい状態である強い還元雰囲気であることを示している。
From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the generation of sludge and the generation of hydrogen sulfide can be suppressed by using the shellfish growth promoting material.
Further, from Table 1, the average value (1.8 g) of the mass of the soft body portion of Lajonkairia lajonii in Example 1 is larger than the average value (1.6 g) of the mass of the soft body portion of Lajonkairia lajonii before the start of the test, and the shellfish It can be seen that the growth of the clams is promoted by using the growth promoting material.
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the average value (1.4 g) of the mass of the soft body portion of Lajonkairia lajonii is smaller than the average value (1.6 g) of the mass of the soft body portion of Lajonkairia lajonii before the start of the test. This is thought to be due to the anaerobic metabolism of Lajonkairia lajonii.
Further, in Example 1, the pH of the sediment after 30 days was 8.0. This is about the same as the pH of general seawater (about 8.1).
Further, in Example 1, the ORP of the sediment was 28 mV. This indicates that the atmosphere is as oxidative as the bottom sediment of a healthy tidal flat. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the ORP of the sediment was −220 mV. This indicates that it is a strong reducing atmosphere in which hydrogen sulfide and sludge are likely to be generated.
［実施例２～６］
底質１００質量部と表２に示す添加量の貝類成長促進材を、ホバートミキサーを用いて、低速で１．５分間、高速で１．５分間混練した。
得られた混練物を、ポリエチレン製の容器（内径：５ｃｍ、高さ：２１ｃｍ）に、それぞれ、底質の深さが２０ｃｍとなる量で投入した。次いで、上記容器の開口部が上部にくるように上記容器を鉛直方向に立てた状態で、塩分濃度が３．３％である人工海水の中に浸漬した。浸漬中、人工海水中にエアレーションを行った。
浸漬後、表２に示す経過時間毎に、ｐＨ電極を用いて底質内のｐＨを測定した。ｐＨの測定は、ｐＨ電極を、底質の深さ５ｃｍのところまで挿入することで行った。
なお、１週間経過後は、一週間毎に容器を浸漬している人工海水のうち、３分の１となる量の人工海水を、新たな人工海水と交換した。
［比較例２］
貝類成長促進材を使用しない以外は、実施例２と同様にして、底質内のｐＨを測定した。
結果を表２に示す。
[Examples 2 to 6]
100 parts by mass of the sediment and the added amount of the shellfish growth promoting material shown in Table 2 were kneaded using a Hobart mixer for 1.5 minutes at a low speed and 1.5 minutes at a high speed.
The obtained kneaded material was put into a polyethylene container (inner diameter: 5 cm, height: 21 cm) in an amount such that the depth of the bottom sediment was 20 cm. Next, the container was immersed in artificial seawater having a salt concentration of 3.3% in a state where the container was erected in the vertical direction so that the opening of the container was at the top. During the immersion, aeration was performed in artificial seawater.
After the immersion, the pH in the sediment was measured using a pH electrode at each elapsed time shown in Table 2. The pH was measured by inserting the pH electrode to a depth of 5 cm in the sediment.
After one week had passed, one-third of the artificial seawater in which the container was immersed was replaced with new artificial seawater every week.
[Comparative Example 2]
The pH in the sediment was measured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the shellfish growth promoting material was not used.
The results are shown in Table 2.
表２から、本発明の貝類成長促進材によれば、長時間にわたって底質のｐＨを７．０～８．０に維持しうることがわかる。 From Table 2, it can be seen that the pH of the sediment can be maintained at 7.0 to 8.0 for a long period of time according to the shellfish growth promoting material of the present invention.
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| WO2015008398A1 (en) | 2013-07-16 | 2015-01-22 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Water quality purification material, method for manufacturing same, and method for purifying water quality of fish and shellfish farm |
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