JP7048417B2 - 水素ガス充填方法及び水素ガス充填装置 - Google Patents
水素ガス充填方法及び水素ガス充填装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7048417B2 JP7048417B2 JP2018102762A JP2018102762A JP7048417B2 JP 7048417 B2 JP7048417 B2 JP 7048417B2 JP 2018102762 A JP2018102762 A JP 2018102762A JP 2018102762 A JP2018102762 A JP 2018102762A JP 7048417 B2 JP7048417 B2 JP 7048417B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
- G01K3/08—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving differences of values; giving differentiated values
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
- B67D7/04—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring fuels, lubricants or mixed fuels and lubricants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
- B67D7/06—Details or accessories
- B67D7/32—Arrangements of safety or warning devices; Means for preventing unauthorised delivery of liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
- F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
- G01L19/0092—Pressure sensor associated with other sensors, e.g. for measuring acceleration or temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0157—Compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
- F17C2227/0355—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid in a closed loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
- F17C2227/043—Methods for emptying or filling by pressure cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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- F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
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Description
水素ガスを充填するタンクを搭載する、水素ガスを動力源とする自動車から充填開始前のタンクの温度を受信する工程と、
予め設定された最大温度とタンクの温度との差分を演算する工程と、
差分に依存する水素ガスの充填速度を演算する工程と、
水素ガスが蓄圧された蓄圧器から計量機を介して、演算された充填速度でタンクに水素ガスを充填する工程と、
を備えたことを特徴とする。
充填速度は、充填開始前のタンクの圧力に依存すると好適である。
タンクへの水素ガスの充填を開始する際に冷却器への冷媒の循環を開始し、タンクへの水素ガスの充填終了と共に、冷媒の循環を停止すると好適である。
タンクへの水素ガスの充填を開始する際に冷却器への冷媒の循環量を増加し、タンクへの水素ガスの充填終了と共に、冷媒の循環量を低減すると好適である。
水素ガスを充填するタンクを搭載する、前記水素ガスを動力源とする自動車から充填開始前のタンクの温度を受信する受信部と、
予め設定された最大温度とタンクの温度との差分を演算する差分演算部と、
差分に依存する水素ガスの充填速度を演算する充填速度演算部と、
水素ガスが蓄圧された蓄圧器と、
演算された充填速度で蓄圧器からタンクに水素ガスを充填する計量機と、
を備えたことを特徴とする。
図1は、実施の形態1における水素ステーションの水素充填システムの構成を示す構成図の一例である。図1において、水素充填システム500は、水素ステーション102内に配置される。水素充填システム500は、多段蓄圧器101、ディスペンサ(計量機)30、圧縮機40、冷凍機42、及び制御回路100を備えている。多段蓄圧器101は、使用下限圧力を多段にした複数の蓄圧器10,12,14により構成される。図1の例では、3つの蓄圧器10,12,14により多段蓄圧器101が構成される。図1の例では、例えば、蓄圧器10が、使用下限圧力が低い1stバンクとして作用する。蓄圧器12が、例えば、使用下限圧力が中間の2ndバンクとして作用する。蓄圧器14が、例えば、使用下限圧力が高い3rdバンクとして作用する。但し、これに限るものではない。1stバンクから3rdバンクに使用する各蓄圧器は、必要に応じて入れ替える。水素ステーション102内には、その他、図示しないカードル、中間蓄圧器、及び/或いは水素製造装置が配置される。また、水素ステーション102内には、水素ガスを充填して配送する図示しない水素トレーラーが到来する。
11,13,15,27,28 圧力計
21,22,23,24,25,26 バルブ
29 温度計
30 ディスペンサ
31 温度計
32 冷却器
33 流量調整弁
36 遮断弁
37 流量計
38 遮断弁
40 圧縮機
41 緊急離脱カプラ
42 冷凍機
43 制御回路
50 通信制御回路
51 メモリ
52 受信部
53 外気温度受信部
54 終了圧演算部
55 タイマ
56 温度差演算部
57 充填速度演算部
58 システム制御部
59 判定部
60,65 バルブ制御部
61 復圧制御部
62 圧縮機制御部
63 供給制御部
64 ディスペンサ制御部
66 バンク圧力受信部
67 ディスペンサ情報受信部
68 冷凍機制御部
74 出力部
80,84,86 記憶装置
81 変換テーブル
83 補正テーブル
86 関係式パラメータ
88 関係テーブル
100 制御回路
101 多段蓄圧器
102 水素ステーション
104 復圧機構
106 供給部
200 FCV車両
202 燃料タンク
204 車載器
206 圧力計
207 温度計
500 水素充填システム
Claims (9)
- 水素ガスを充填するタンクを搭載する、前記水素ガスを動力源とする自動車から充填開始前の前記タンクの温度を受信する工程と、
予め設定された最大温度と前記タンクの温度との差分を演算する工程と、
前記差分に依存する水素ガスの充填速度を演算する工程と、
水素ガスが蓄圧された蓄圧器から計量機を介して、演算された充填速度で前記タンクに水素ガスを充填する工程と、
を備えたことを特徴とする水素ガス充填方法。 - 前記充填速度は、前記計量機を介して供給される水素ガスの供給温度に依存する前記差分と充填速度との関係式若しくは関係テーブルを用いて演算されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の水素ガス充填方法。
- 前記関係式は、前記差分と充填速度との相関関係を2次以上の多項式で表わした近似式であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の水素ガス充填方法。
- 充填開始前の前記タンクの温度を受信する場合に、前記充填開始前の前記タンクの圧力も合わせて受信し、
前記充填速度は、前記充填開始前の前記タンクの圧力に依存することを特徴とする請求項1~3いずれか記載の水素ガス充填方法。 - 前記充填速度は、外気温度に依存することを特徴とする請求項1~4いずれか記載の水素ガス充填方法。
- 前記水素ガスは、前記計量機内に配置される冷却器により冷却され、
前記タンクへの前記水素ガスの充填を開始する際に前記冷却器への冷媒の循環を開始し、前記タンクへの前記水素ガスの充填終了と共に、前記冷媒の循環を停止することを特徴とする請求項1~5いずれか記載の水素ガス充填方法。 - 前記水素ガスは、前記計量機内に配置される冷却器により冷却され、
前記タンクへの前記水素ガスの充填を開始する際に前記冷却器への冷媒の循環量を増加し、前記タンクへの前記水素ガスの充填終了と共に、前記冷媒の循環量を低減することを特徴とする請求項1~5いずれか記載の水素ガス充填方法。 - 前記充填速度は、前記タンクへの前記水素ガスの充填中における水素ガスの供給温度に応じて変化させることを特徴とする請求項1~7いずれか記載の水素ガス充填方法。
- 水素ガスを充填するタンクを搭載する、前記水素ガスを動力源とする自動車から充填開始前の前記タンクの温度を受信する受信部と、
予め設定された最大温度と前記タンクの温度との差分を演算する差分演算部と、
前記差分に依存する水素ガスの充填速度を演算する充填速度演算部と、
水素ガスが蓄圧された蓄圧器と、
演算された充填速度で前記蓄圧器から前記タンクに水素ガスを充填する計量機と、
を備えたことを特徴とする水素ガス充填装置。
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