JP6956726B2 - 圧縮天然ガス車両安全システムおよび方法 - Google Patents
圧縮天然ガス車両安全システムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6956726B2 JP6956726B2 JP2018536483A JP2018536483A JP6956726B2 JP 6956726 B2 JP6956726 B2 JP 6956726B2 JP 2018536483 A JP2018536483 A JP 2018536483A JP 2018536483 A JP2018536483 A JP 2018536483A JP 6956726 B2 JP6956726 B2 JP 6956726B2
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- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- fuel supply
- vehicle
- natural gas
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 165
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 38
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
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- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000016936 Dendrocalamus strictus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000835 electrochemical detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000817 safety factor Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B60K28/00—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K28/00—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
- B60K28/10—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the vehicle
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- B60K28/00—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
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- B60K28/12—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the vehicle responsive to conditions relating to doors or doors locks, e.g. open door
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
- F17C2270/0171—Trucks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
- F17C2270/0173—Railways
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
- F17C2270/0176—Buses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
- F17C2270/0178—Cars
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
- F17C2270/0189—Planes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
- F17C2270/0194—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space for use under microgravity conditions, e.g. space
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
- F17C2270/0197—Rockets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Auxiliary Drives, Propulsion Controls, And Safety Devices (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
Description
(1)液化天然ガスは、他の既存の燃料よりも高密度であるので、燃料タンクのサイズを低減する。
(2)液化天然ガスは、液化酸素の温度に非常に近いので、主な工学的障害であった貯蔵を容易にする。
(3)天然ガスタービン内燃機関駆動のターボポンプシールは、狭い温度帯で十分であるので、温度差の問題を低減する。
(4)液化天然ガスの蒸気圧はより高いので、アレージガスが存在する必要はない。
(5)天然ガスは宇宙ではあまり気化しないので、効率が高くなる。
(6)天然ガスと酸素は、正の化学的親和性を有する。
(7)天然ガスは、他の燃料に比べて、無公害で、環境に優しく、毒性がない。
(8)メタンは、火星、タイタン、木星、および他の惑星で採取できる可能性が最も高いので、帰還用の燃料に関するミッションを遂行できる。
Claims (13)
- 天然ガス供給システムから供給している間に、天然ガスが供給されている車両を動作不能にするための車両安全システムであって、
加圧ガス源に結合されたタンク充填アダプタの近くに、ガス充填ホースが存在することを検知するように構成された第1のセンサと、
閉鎖されたときに前記タンク充填アダプタを前記ガス源から遮断する遮断弁の開放/閉鎖位置を検知するように構成された第2のセンサと、
前記第1のセンサおよび前記第2のセンサからの入力を組み合わせて、前記充填ホースが前記タンク充填アダプタの近くに存在せず、前記遮断弁が閉鎖されている場合に、安全な状況であることを示す安全電気信号を生成するように構成された論理回路と、
前記安全電気信号が存在しない場合に、前記車両を動作不能にするように構成されたロックアウト回路と、
車両の動きが所定値を超えているかどうかを判定するように構成され、さらに所定値を超えている場合に、燃料供給操作を停止するように構成された記憶命令を実行するプロセッサに結合された少なくとも1つのモーションセンサとを備え、
前記プロセッサはさらに、前記車両が移動できるように、有効であり得るロックアウト機能をオーバーライドするように構成され、且つ、前記車両を前記燃料供給システムから自動的に解放するように構成され、
前記モーションセンサは、加速度計、レーザセンサおよびレーダセンサから成る群から選択される車両安全システム。 - 酸化剤と共に液化天然ガス(LNG)燃料を使用する車両用のロケットまたは航空機燃料供給安全システムであって、
天然ガスまたはLNGの存在を検出するように構成された第1のセンサであって、燃料供給システムの近くに配置されるように構成された第1のセンサと、
環境濃度を超える酸素濃度を検出するように構成された第2のセンサであって、前記燃料供給システムの近くに配置されるように構成された第2のセンサと、
前記第1のセンサおよび前記第2のセンサからの入力を組み合わせて、前記第1のセンサによってLNGが検出されたときに、または前記第2のセンサによって酸素が検出されたときに、前記燃料供給システムをロックアウト状態にする論理システムと
を備える燃料供給安全システム。 - 火災または爆発センサをさらに備え、第3のセンサは、前記第3のセンサによって火災または爆発が検出されたときに前記燃料供給システムがロックアウト状態になるように前記論理システムに結合される、請求項2に記載の燃料供給安全システム。
- 前記火災または爆発センサは、光センサおよび超音波センサから成る群から選択される、請求項3に記載の燃料供給安全システム。
- 前記火災または爆発センサは、赤外線センサである、請求項3に記載の燃料供給安全システム。
- 前記第1のセンサは、光センサおよび化学物質検出器から成る群から選択される、請求項3に記載の燃料供給安全システム。
- 前記第2のセンサは化学物質検出器である、請求項3に記載の燃料供給安全システム。
- 前記ロケットまたは航空機の継手の近くにLNG燃料ホースまたは液体酸素ホースが存在することを検出するように構成された近接センサをさらに備え、前記近接センサはさらに、前記燃料ホースまたは液体酸素ホースが前記継手の近くに存在しないときに、前記燃料供給システムを前記ロックアウト状態にする前記論理システムに結合される、請求項3に記載の燃料供給安全システム。
- 前記ロックアウト状態を解除して無効にするように構成された手動オーバーライドシステムをさらに備える、請求項3に記載の燃料供給安全システム。
- 液体酸素(LOX)と共に液化天然ガス(LNG)燃料を使用する車両用のロケットまたは航空機燃料供給安全システムであって、
天然ガスまたはLNGの存在を検出するように構成された第1のセンサであって、燃料供給システムの近くに配置されるように構成された第1のセンサと、
環境濃度を超える酸素濃度を検出するように構成された第2のセンサであって、前記燃料供給システムの近くに配置されるように構成された第2のセンサと、
火災または爆発を検出するように構成された第3のセンサと、
前記ロケットまたは航空機のLGN継手の近くにLNGホースが存在することを検出するように構成された第4のセンサと、
前記ロケットまたは航空機のLOX継手の近くにLOXホースが存在することを検出するように構成された第5のセンサと、
前記第1のセンサ、前記第2のセンサ、前記第3のセンサ、前記第4のセンサ、および前記第5のセンサからの入力を組み合わせて、前記第1のセンサによってLNGが検出されたときに、または前記第2のセンサによって環境濃度を超える酸素が検出されたときに、または前記第3のセンサによって火災または爆発を検出することによって、または前記第4のセンサによって前記LNG継手の近くにLNGホースが存在しないことを検出することによって、前記第5のセンサによって前記LOX継手の近くにLOXホースが存在しないことを検出することによって、前記燃料システムをロックアウト状態にする論理システムと
を備える燃料供給安全システム。 - 前記火災または爆発センサは、光センサおよび超音波センサから成る群から選択される、請求項10に記載の燃料供給安全システム。
- 前記第1のセンサは、光センサおよび化学物質検出器から成る群から選択される、請求項10に記載の燃料供給安全システム。
- 前記第2のセンサは、化学物質検出器である、請求項10に記載の燃料供給安全システム。
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US14/997,502 | 2016-01-16 | ||
US14/997,502 US10500954B2 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2016-01-16 | Compressed natural gas vehicle safety system and method |
US15/406,223 US10040680B2 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2017-01-13 | Compressed natural gas vehicle safety system and method |
US15/406,223 | 2017-01-13 | ||
PCT/US2017/013600 WO2017124051A1 (en) | 2016-01-16 | 2017-01-14 | Compressed natural gas vehicle safety system and method |
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US7028724B2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2006-04-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Fueling nozzle with integral molecular leak sensor |
US20050001722A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-01-06 | Lin Davis | Fuel dispenser ignition source detector |
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