JP6940770B2 - A method for detecting the independent operating state of the distributed power supply unit and the distributed power supply when the frequency fluctuates. - Google Patents

A method for detecting the independent operating state of the distributed power supply unit and the distributed power supply when the frequency fluctuates. Download PDF

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JP6940770B2
JP6940770B2 JP2017236322A JP2017236322A JP6940770B2 JP 6940770 B2 JP6940770 B2 JP 6940770B2 JP 2017236322 A JP2017236322 A JP 2017236322A JP 2017236322 A JP2017236322 A JP 2017236322A JP 6940770 B2 JP6940770 B2 JP 6940770B2
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隆好 桂木
隆好 桂木
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Sinfonia Technology Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、事故時運転継続要件(以下、FRT要件:Fault Ride Through)に対して、単独運転の誤検出による故障停止から運転継続要件を満たせない問題を解決し、且つ、単独運転状態となったときは的確にこれを検知することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the problem that the operation continuation requirement cannot be satisfied due to the failure stop due to the false detection of the independent operation with respect to the accident operation continuation requirement (hereinafter, FRT requirement: FART Ride Through), and the operation continuation requirement is set. When this happens, the purpose is to detect this accurately.

近年、太陽光をはじめとした種々の分散型電源の系統連系が増加している。この種の系統連系は、直流電力または交流電力を発生する分散型電源と、分散型電源で発生する直流電力を交流変換し若しくは前記分散型電源で発生する交流電力に対して直流変換した後の直流電力を交流変換する電圧制御型の逆変換装置と、逆変換装置の出力を変圧する変圧器とを備えた分散型電源ユニットを用い、変圧器の出力側を開閉器を介して系統連系先の交流電力系統の電力供給ラインに接続することにより構成される。 In recent years, grid interconnection of various distributed power sources including sunlight has been increasing. In this type of grid interconnection, a distributed power supply that generates DC power or AC power and a DC power generated by the distributed power supply are AC-converted, or after the AC power generated by the distributed power supply is converted to DC. A distributed power supply unit equipped with a voltage-controlled reverse converter that converts the DC power of the DC power to AC and a transformer that transforms the output of the reverse converter is used, and the output side of the transformer is connected to the grid via a switch. It is configured by connecting to the power supply line of the AC power system of the system destination.

このような系統連系において、分散型電源が交流電力系統の事故時に一斉に連系を止めると、電力の受給関係が崩れ、系統電圧、周波数に悪影響を及ぼす。これを防止するため、系統連系規定(JEAC9701−2016)のFRT要件では、交流電力系統の事故時に相当する瞬時電圧低下や周波数変動時も分散型電源ユニットが一定期間運転を継続するよう定めている。このFRT要件の周波数変動時における運転継続要件では、分散型電源ユニットの出力側に現れる±2Hz/sのランプ変化時は運転継続することが定められている。その変動範囲は、50Hzで47.5〜51.5Hz、60Hzで57.0〜61.8Hzである。 In such a grid interconnection, if the distributed power sources stop the interconnection all at once in the event of an AC power grid accident, the power receiving relationship is disrupted, which adversely affects the grid voltage and frequency. To prevent this, the FRT requirements of the grid interconnection regulations (JEAC9701-2016) stipulate that the distributed power supply unit will continue to operate for a certain period of time even in the event of an instantaneous voltage drop or frequency fluctuation corresponding to an AC power system accident. There is. The FRT requirement for continuation of operation when the frequency fluctuates stipulates that operation is continued when the lamp of ± 2 Hz / s that appears on the output side of the distributed power supply unit changes. The fluctuation range is 47.5 to 51.5 Hz at 50 Hz and 57.0 to 61.8 Hz at 60 Hz.

一方、交流電力系統が停電した際に、分散型電源ユニットが交流電力系統への出力を継続する「単独運転」では、本来無電圧であるべき交流電力系統が充電されるため、作業者の感電や、他回線からの送電ができなくなる問題がある。このため、単独運転をいち早く検出し、分散型電源ユニットを系統から切り離す必要がある。この単独運転検出の検出方法の1つに、周波数異常を捉えて単独運転を検出する「周波数変化率検出方法」が知られている(例えば特許文献1参照)。この周波数変化率検出方法では、検出閾値は通常の周波数に対して±(0.1〜0.3)%の値に設定することが一般に行われている。 On the other hand, in "independent operation" in which the distributed power supply unit continues to output to the AC power system when the AC power system fails, the AC power system, which should originally be non-voltage, is charged, so that the operator gets an electric shock. There is also a problem that power cannot be transmitted from other lines. Therefore, it is necessary to detect independent operation as soon as possible and disconnect the distributed power supply unit from the system. As one of the detection methods for detecting solitary operation, there is known a "frequency change rate detection method" for detecting a solitary operation by capturing a frequency abnormality (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this frequency change rate detection method, the detection threshold value is generally set to a value of ± (0.1 to 0.3)% with respect to a normal frequency.

特開2012−120285号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-12285

かかる「周波数変化率検出方法」の周波数変化率の定義は、基準周波数に対する現在の周波数変化の割合であり、現在の周波数変化の定義は多様であるが、例えば基準周波数を平均周波数fave、現在の周波数をfとした場合、{(f−fave)/fave}×100(%)で計算される。基準周波数は一般的に50Hzまたは60Hzである。そのため、±2Hz/sのランプ変化では、50Hzの場合はわずか0.025〜0.075sで、60Hzの場合はわずか0.03〜0.09sで「周波数変化率検出方式」の検出閾値である±(0.1〜0.3)%に達してしまう。 The definition of the frequency change rate in the "frequency change rate detection method" is the ratio of the current frequency change to the reference frequency, and the definition of the current frequency change is various. When the frequency is f, it is calculated by {(f-fave) / fave} × 100 (%). The reference frequency is generally 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Therefore, for a lamp change of ± 2 Hz / s, the detection threshold of the "frequency change rate detection method" is only 0.025 to 0.075 s at 50 Hz and 0.03 to 0.09 s at 60 Hz. It reaches ± (0.1 to 0.3)%.

このように、FRT要件の周波数変動±2Hz/sのランプ変化時は、「周波数変化率検出方式」が異常を検出してしまうことが必然である。しかし、この検出により、分散型電源を交流電力系統から切り離す処理を行うため、周波数変動時の運転継続要件を満たすことができないという問題があった。 In this way, it is inevitable that the "frequency change rate detection method" will detect an abnormality when the lamp changes with a frequency fluctuation of ± 2 Hz / s, which is a requirement for FRT. However, since this detection performs a process of disconnecting the distributed power source from the AC power system, there is a problem that the operation continuation requirement at the time of frequency fluctuation cannot be satisfied.

本発明は、このような課題に着目してなされたものであって、周波数変動時における単独運転の誤検出に適切に善処し、単独運転時には的確にこれを検出可能とすることを目的としている。 The present invention has been made by paying attention to such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to appropriately deal with erroneous detection of isolated operation at the time of frequency fluctuation, and to enable accurate detection at the time of isolated operation. ..

本発明は、かかる課題を解決するために、次のような手段を講じたものである。 The present invention has taken the following measures in order to solve such a problem.

すなわち、本発明に係る分散型電源ユニットは、直流電力または交流電力を発生する分散型電源と、前記分散型電源で発生する直流電力を交流変換し若しくは前記分散型電源で発生する交流電力に対して直流変換した後の直流電力を交流変換する電圧制御型の逆変換装置と、前記逆変換装置の出力を変圧する変圧器とを備え、前記変圧器の出力側が開閉器を介して系統連系先の交流電力系統の電力供給ラインに接続されるものであって、前記変圧器の出力側の周波数から周波数変化率を検出する周波数変化率検出部と、前記変圧器の出力側の電圧から特定次数の高調波含有率を検出する高調波含有率検出部と、前記高調波含有率が予め定めた閾値を超えかつ前記周波数変化率が予め定めた閾値を超えたか否かを判断する判断部とを備え、前記判断部が前記両閾値を超えたと判断したときに前記開閉器が遮断される構成としたことを特徴とする。 That is, the distributed power supply unit according to the present invention refers to a distributed power source that generates DC power or AC power and an AC power that converts the DC power generated by the distributed power supply into AC or generates AC power by the distributed power supply. A voltage-controlled inverse converter that converts DC power to AC after DC conversion and a transformer that transforms the output of the inverse converter are provided, and the output side of the transformer is connected to the grid via a switch. It is connected to the power supply line of the AC power system, and is specified from the frequency change rate detector that detects the frequency change rate from the output side frequency of the transformer and the voltage on the output side of the transformer. A harmonic content detection unit that detects the harmonic content of the order, and a determination unit that determines whether the harmonic content exceeds a predetermined threshold and the frequency change rate exceeds a predetermined threshold. The switch is shut off when the determination unit determines that both thresholds have been exceeded.

このようにすれば、FRT要件において継続運転が要求される±2Hz/sの周波数変化率を超えたことをもって直ちに分散型電源ユニットが遮断されることを回避して、FRT要件の実効性を担保するとともに、交流系統電源が切り離されたときに変圧器に起因して生じるわずかな高調波の発生を捉えてAND条件とすることによって、単独運転状態に陥ったことを確実に検知することが可能となる。 In this way, the effectiveness of the FRT requirement is ensured by avoiding that the distributed power supply unit is immediately cut off when the frequency change rate of ± 2 Hz / s, which is required for continuous operation in the FRT requirement, is exceeded. At the same time, it is possible to reliably detect that the product has fallen into an independent operation state by capturing the generation of slight harmonics caused by the transformer when the AC system power supply is disconnected and setting it as an AND condition. It becomes.

この場合、高調波含有率検出部の出力側にオフディレイタイマ部を備えていることが有効である。高調波はサンプリング周期ごとに出力されるため、閾値を超えた旨の出力をオフディレイタイマ部でホールドすることによって、周波数変化率が閾値を超えた旨の出力とのAND条件の成否を的確に判断することができる。 In this case, it is effective to provide an off-delay timer unit on the output side of the harmonic content detection unit. Harmonics are output for each sampling cycle, so by holding the output to the effect that the threshold value has been exceeded by the off-delay timer section, the success or failure of the AND condition with the output to the effect that the frequency change rate has exceeded the threshold value can be accurately determined. You can judge.

特に、特定次数の高調波が3次高調波であることが好ましい。ステップ注入付周波数フィードバック方式では、特に3次高調波含有率の変化が多く採用されているため、既存の機能を簡単に利用することができる。 In particular, it is preferable that the harmonic of the specific order is the third harmonic. In the frequency feedback method with step injection, since the change in the third harmonic content is particularly frequently adopted, the existing function can be easily used.

以上を単独運転状態の検出方法の見地から捉えると、分散型電源が系統連系先の交流電力系統に対して単独運転状態にあるか否かを検出するにあたり、前記分散型電源の出力側の電圧の周波数変化率が予め定めた閾値を超えても、前記分散型電源の出力側の特定次数の高調波含有率が予め定めた閾値を超えないときは、前記前記分散型電源が単独運転状態にあると判断せず、前記分散型電源の出力側の周波数変化率が前記閾値を超え、かつ前記分散型電源の出力側の特定次数の高調波含有率が前記閾値を超えたことをもってはじめて、前記分散型電源が単独運転状態にあると判断する方法であり、単独運転状態の誤検出防止方法と捉えることもできる。 From the standpoint of the method of detecting the isolated operating state, when detecting whether or not the distributed power source is in the isolated operating state with respect to the AC power system of the grid interconnection destination, the output side of the distributed power source Even if the frequency change rate of the voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold value, if the harmonic content of the specific order on the output side of the distributed power source does not exceed the predetermined threshold value, the distributed power source is in an independent operation state. Only when the frequency change rate on the output side of the distributed power source exceeds the threshold value and the harmonic content of the specific order on the output side of the distributed power source exceeds the threshold value. This is a method of determining that the distributed power source is in the isolated operating state, and can be regarded as a method of preventing erroneous detection of the isolated operating state.

以上、本発明によれば、周波数変動時のFRT要件に対して、単独運転の誤検出による故障停止から運転継続要件を満たせない問題を解決し、且つ、単独運転状態となったときは的確にこれを検知できる機能を備えた、新規有用な分散型電源ユニットを提供することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, the problem that the FRT requirement at the time of frequency fluctuation cannot satisfy the operation continuation requirement due to the failure stop due to the erroneous detection of the independent operation is solved, and when the independent operation state is obtained, the problem is accurately solved. It is possible to provide a new and useful distributed power supply unit having a function capable of detecting this.

本発明の一実施形態に係る分散型電源ユニットを商用電源に系統連系させた電力供給システムを示す図。The figure which shows the power supply system which connected the distributed power supply unit which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention to a commercial power supply system. 同分散型電源ユニットの具体的な構成例を示す図。The figure which shows the specific configuration example of the distributed power source unit. 図2の一部の機能を具体的に示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows a part of the function of FIG. 2 concretely. 図3の構成において単独運転か否かを判断する元となる信号を示すチャート図。The chart diagram which shows the signal which becomes the basis for determining whether or not it is independent operation in the configuration of FIG. 周波数変化率方法を説明するための図。The figure for demonstrating the frequency change rate method.

以下、本発明の一実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1は本実施形態に係る分散型電源ユニットDPUを商用電源Eに系統連系させた電力供給システムを示す図、図2は同分散型電源ユニットDPUの具体的な構成例を示す図である。この分散型電源ユニットDPUは、分散型電源1と、分散型電源1で発生する電力が直流電力である場合にはその直流電力を、また分散型電源1で発生する電力が交流電力である場合には直流変換した後の直流電力を商用電源Eに電圧、周波数、位相を合わせるように交流変換する逆変換装置であるインバータ2と、インバータ2の出力を昇圧または降圧する変圧器であるトランス3と、トランス3の出力側に設けた開閉器4とを含んで構成され、開閉器4の末端が系統連係先の交流電力系統APSの電力供給ラインLに接続されている。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a power supply system in which the distributed power supply unit DPU according to the present embodiment is grid-connected to the commercial power supply E, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of the distributed power supply unit DPU. .. In this distributed power supply unit DPU, when the power generated by the distributed power supply 1 and the distributed power supply 1 is DC power, the DC power is used, and when the power generated by the distributed power supply 1 is AC power. The inverter 2 is an inverse conversion device that AC-converts the DC power after DC conversion to the commercial power supply E so as to match the voltage, frequency, and phase, and the transformer 3 is a transformer that boosts or steps down the output of the inverter 2. And a switch 4 provided on the output side of the transformer 3 are included, and the end of the switch 4 is connected to the power supply line L of the AC power system APS to which the system is linked.

交流電力系統APSは商用電源Eから負荷Zへの電力供給ラインL上において、所定の基準を満たした分散型電源ユニットDPUの接続を許容する。 The AC power system APS allows the connection of the distributed power supply unit DPU satisfying a predetermined standard on the power supply line L from the commercial power supply E to the load Z.

分散型電源ユニットDPUは、分散型電源1に波力発電装置、太陽光発電装置、風力発電装置など、種々のものを採用することができる。分散型電源1で発電した電力は、太陽光発電等により発生する直流電力である場合にはそのままDC−DCコンバータ11を経てインバータ2に入力され、風力発電等により発生する交流電力である場合にはDC−DCコンバータ11に入る前段で図示しない変換装置たるAC−DCコンバータにより直流変換された後にDC−DCコンバータ11を経てインバータ2に入力される。 As the distributed power source unit DPU, various devices such as a wave power generation device, a solar power generation device, and a wind power generation device can be adopted for the distributed power source 1. When the power generated by the distributed power source 1 is DC power generated by solar power generation or the like, it is directly input to the inverter 2 via the DC-DC converter 11 and is AC power generated by wind power generation or the like. Is converted to direct current by an AC-DC converter, which is a conversion device (not shown) before entering the DC-DC converter 11, and then input to the inverter 2 via the DC-DC converter 11.

インバータ2は、交流電力系統APSの交流電力に連系して運転される。そのために、分散型電源ユニットDPUは制御部5を備え、トランス3の出力側に設けた検出部51が検出する電圧が制御部5に入力されて、この制御部5において電圧検出部51の電圧、位相、周波数に対し、インバータ2の出力が所要の電圧、位相、周波数となるように、インバータ2のブリッジ回路がPWM制御される。インバータ2の出力はLCフィルタ部21を通してトランス3の1次側に接続される。 The inverter 2 is operated in connection with the AC power of the AC power system APS. Therefore, the distributed power supply unit DPU includes a control unit 5, and a voltage detected by a detection unit 51 provided on the output side of the transformer 3 is input to the control unit 5, and the voltage of the voltage detection unit 51 is input to the control unit 5. , The bridge circuit of the inverter 2 is PWM-controlled so that the output of the inverter 2 has the required voltage, phase, and frequency with respect to the phase and frequency. The output of the inverter 2 is connected to the primary side of the transformer 3 through the LC filter unit 21.

トランス3は、インバータ2が接続される1次側と電力供給ラインLに接続される2次側の間の絶縁を保ちつつ、1次側と2次側の間で昇圧や降圧等を行う。 The transformer 3 performs step-up or step-down between the primary side and the secondary side while maintaining insulation between the primary side to which the inverter 2 is connected and the secondary side connected to the power supply line L.

前述したように、分散型電源1が交流電力系統APSの事故時に一斉に連系を止めると、電力の受給関係が崩れ、系統電圧、周波数に悪影響を及ぼす。例えば、図1に示すように送配電系線がメインのラインL1に対し障害時に備えて予備のラインL2が並設されて冗長化が図られている場合、メインのラインL1で一時的に障害が発生して予備のラインL2にスイッチングするまでに単独運転と判断されたのでは、実質的に冗長化が機能しなくなる。 As described above, if the distributed power sources 1 stop the interconnection all at once in the event of an accident in the AC power system APS, the power receiving relationship is disrupted, which adversely affects the system voltage and frequency. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, when the power transmission and distribution system line is redundant with the main line L1 by arranging spare lines L2 in parallel in case of failure, the main line L1 temporarily fails. If it is determined that the operation is independent by the time the line L2 is switched to the spare line L2, the redundancy substantially does not work.

この種の不具合を避けるため、系統連系規定のFRT要件では、交流電力系統APSの事故時に相当する瞬時電圧低下や周波数変動時にも一定期間運転を継続するよう定めている。 In order to avoid this kind of trouble, the FRT requirement of the grid interconnection regulation stipulates that the operation should be continued for a certain period even when the instantaneous voltage drops or the frequency fluctuates, which corresponds to the accident of the AC power grid APS.

一方、交流電力系統APSが停電した際に、分散型電源ユニットUが交流電力系統APSへの出力を継続する単独運転では、本来無電圧であるべき交流電力系統APSの電力供給ラインLに給電がなされるため、作業者の感電や、他回線からの送電ができなくなる問題がある。このため、単独運転をいち早く検出し、分散型電源ユニットDPUを交流電力系統APSから切り離す必要がある。 On the other hand, in the independent operation in which the distributed power supply unit U continues to output to the AC power system APS when the AC power system APS fails, power is supplied to the power supply line L of the AC power system APS which should be originally non-voltage. Therefore, there is a problem that the worker gets an electric shock and cannot transmit power from another line. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the independent operation as soon as possible and disconnect the distributed power supply unit DPU from the AC power system APS.

しかしながら、前述した周波数変化率検出方法だと、FRT要件として規定される±2Hz/sの変化だけで単独運転と誤検出してしまう。 However, with the frequency change rate detection method described above, a change of ± 2 Hz / s defined as an FRT requirement causes erroneous detection as independent operation.

そこで本実施形態は、周波数変化率検出方法を採用しつつ、その誤検出を防止するために、特定高調波である3次高調波含有率による単独運転の検出方式を併用する。そもそも、3次高調波含有率による単独運転の検出方式は「3次高調波電圧歪急増検出方式」として既に存在するが、「3次高調波電圧歪急増検出方式」は、逆変化装置(インバータ)に電流制御型を用い、単独運転移行時に変圧器に依存する3次高調波電圧の急増を検出する方式であって、系統連系規程で規定される検出閾値は1〜3%と高い。このため、このようなレベルの電圧変化が生じにくい電圧制御型の逆変換装置を有する回路には適用できない。 Therefore, in this embodiment, while adopting the frequency change rate detection method, in order to prevent erroneous detection thereof, a detection method of independent operation based on the third harmonic content rate, which is a specific harmonic, is also used. In the first place, a detection method for independent operation based on the third harmonic content has already existed as a "third harmonic voltage distortion rapid increase detection method", but the "third harmonic voltage distortion rapid increase detection method" is a reverse change device (inverter). ) Is a current control type, which detects a rapid increase in the third harmonic voltage depending on the transformer when shifting to independent operation, and the detection threshold specified in the grid interconnection regulations is as high as 1 to 3%. Therefore, it cannot be applied to a circuit having a voltage-controlled inverse conversion device in which such a level of voltage change is unlikely to occur.

すなわち、FRT要件を満たすための回路は、三相不平衡状態の系統電圧に対して制御する必要があり、逆変換装置として電圧制御型のインバータを含んでいるため、既知の「3次高調波電圧歪急増検出方式」を採用できない事情がある。 That is, the circuit for satisfying the FRT requirement needs to be controlled with respect to the system voltage in the three-phase unbalanced state, and includes a voltage-controlled inverter as an inverse converter, so that the known "third harmonic" is used. There are circumstances in which the "voltage distortion rapid increase detection method" cannot be adopted.

閾値がこのようなレベルに設定されている理由として、これより低いレベルに設定されると電圧値がふらつく度に誤検出が生じる事が一つにあると推察される。 It is presumed that one of the reasons why the threshold value is set to such a level is that if the threshold value is set to a lower level, erroneous detection occurs every time the voltage value fluctuates.

何れにせよ、上記の理由で、「3次高調波電圧歪急増検出方式」だけで単独運転を検出することはできないのであるが、3次高調波含有率のわずかな変化自体は発生する。そこで本実施形態は、「3次高調波電圧歪急増検出方式」の本来の使い方とは異なるが、電圧制御型の逆変換装置において生じる3次高調波含有率のわずかな変化に着目し、これを利用して、周波数変動時と単独運転時を切り分ける。 In any case, for the above reason, it is not possible to detect the independent operation only by the "third harmonic voltage distortion rapid increase detection method", but a slight change in the third harmonic content itself occurs. Therefore, this embodiment is different from the original usage of the "third-order harmonic voltage distortion rapid increase detection method", but pays attention to a slight change in the third-order harmonic content that occurs in the voltage-controlled inverse conversion device. Is used to distinguish between frequency fluctuation and independent operation.

そのために、この実施形態の分散型電源ユニットDPUは、図3に示すように、トランス3の出力側に設けた検出部51を通じて得られる周波数fから周波数変化率Δfを検出する周波数変化率検出部6と、トランス3の出力側に設けた検出部51を通じて得られる電圧から特定次数すなわちこの実施形態では3次の高調波含有率を検出する高調波含有率検出部7と、高調波含有率が閾値ref1を超えかつ周波数変化率が閾値ref2を超えたか否かを判断するための判断部8とを前記制御部5の一部に備え、前記判断部8が前記両閾値ref1、ref2を超えたと判断したときに制御部5から前記開閉器4を遮断する命令が出力されるように構成されている。 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the distributed power supply unit DPU of this embodiment is a frequency change rate detection unit that detects the frequency change rate Δf from the frequency f obtained through the detection unit 51 provided on the output side of the transformer 3. 6 and the harmonic content detection unit 7 that detects the third-order harmonic content in this embodiment from the voltage obtained through the detection unit 51 provided on the output side of the transformer 3, and the harmonic content A part of the control unit 5 is provided with a determination unit 8 for determining whether or not the threshold value ref1 is exceeded and the frequency change rate exceeds the threshold value ref2, and the determination unit 8 exceeds both the threshold values ref1 and ref2. When the determination is made, the control unit 5 is configured to output a command to shut off the switch 4.

周波数変化率検出部6は、単独運転移行時に発電出力と負荷の不平衡が生じることに着目して、その際の周波数の急変を検出する。この実施形態では、検出部51で検出される周波数と周波数平均値算出部61で算出される周波数平均値とを差分器62に入力し、その差分値と、前記周波数平均値とを除算器63に入力している。すなわち、この実施形態における周波数変化率は基準周波数に対する現在の周波数変化の割合であり、基準周波数を平均周波数fave、現在の周波数をfとした場合、{(f−fave)/fave}×100(%)で計算される。そして、除算値と閾値ref2とを判断部8を構成する比較器81に入力している。この実施形態における閾値ref2は、±(0.1〜0.3)%である。 The frequency change rate detection unit 6 pays attention to the imbalance between the power generation output and the load when shifting to the independent operation, and detects a sudden change in the frequency at that time. In this embodiment, the frequency detected by the detection unit 51 and the frequency average value calculated by the frequency average value calculation unit 61 are input to the diffifier 62, and the difference value and the frequency average value are divided by the divider 63. You are typing in. That is, the frequency change rate in this embodiment is the ratio of the current frequency change to the reference frequency, and when the reference frequency is the average frequency fave and the current frequency is f, {(f-fave) / fave} × 100 ( %) Is calculated. Then, the division value and the threshold value ref2 are input to the comparator 81 constituting the determination unit 8. The threshold ref2 in this embodiment is ± (0.1 to 0.3)%.

一方、高調波含有率検出部7は、この実施形態では3次の高調波含有率を検出する。基本波電圧の実効値をV、高調波電圧の実効値をV(2次)、V(3次)、…とすると、3次の高調波含有率は、 On the other hand, the harmonic content detection unit 7 detects the third-order harmonic content in this embodiment. Assuming that the effective value of the fundamental wave voltage is V 1 , the effective value of the harmonic voltage is V 2 (second order), V 3 (third order), and so on, the harmonic content of the third order is

/ΣV(n=1、2、…)
として求めることができる。
V 3 / ΣV n (n = 1, 2, ...)
Can be obtained as.

一般的に単独運転検出の能動的方式では、ステップ注入付周波数フィードバック方式を採用しており、この方式では2〜7次の電圧高調波含有量の変化から無効注入するタイミングを決めている。そのため、高調波測定機能を既に有しており、既知の技術によれば3次高調波含有率の導入が容易である。 In general, the active method of detecting independent operation employs a frequency feedback method with step injection, and in this method, the timing of invalid injection is determined from the change in the voltage harmonic content of the 2nd to 7th orders. Therefore, it already has a harmonic measurement function, and according to a known technique, it is easy to introduce a third harmonic content.

判断部8を構成する比較器82は、3次高調波含有率検出部7からの入力と閾値ref1の入力を受けて、含有率が予め定めた閾値ref1を超えたときにONとなって比較器82から出力がなされるように構成されている。この閾値ref1は、交流電力系統DPUの電源Eの喪失時にわずかに生じる3次高調波の含有率を捉え得るように、0よりも高く、予測される含有率よりも低い値に設定されている。 The comparator 82 constituting the determination unit 8 receives the input from the third harmonic content rate detection unit 7 and the input of the threshold value ref1, and turns ON when the content rate exceeds the predetermined threshold value ref1 for comparison. It is configured so that the output is made from the vessel 82. This threshold value ref1 is set to a value higher than 0 and lower than the predicted content rate so that the content rate of the third harmonic generated slightly when the power supply E of the AC power system DPU is lost can be captured. ..

比較器82の出力側はオフディレイタイマ部83を介して判断部8を構成するAND回路84に接続されている。オフディレイタイマ部83は、比較器82がON状態になるとすぐにAND回路84にON状態を入力し、比較器82がOFFになっても一定時間ON状態を維持した後に出力をOFF状態に切り替える動作を行う。 The output side of the comparator 82 is connected to the AND circuit 84 constituting the determination unit 8 via the off-delay timer unit 83. The off-delay timer unit 83 inputs the ON state to the AND circuit 84 as soon as the comparator 82 is turned ON, and switches the output to the OFF state after maintaining the ON state for a certain period of time even if the comparator 82 is turned OFF. Do the action.

すなわち、3次高調波含有率の閾値超過後は、オフディレイタイマ部83によって、閾値超過から一定期間、単独運転を検出できる状態となる。 That is, after the threshold value of the third harmonic content is exceeded, the off-delay timer unit 83 is in a state where independent operation can be detected for a certain period of time after the threshold value is exceeded.

そして、その間に前述した比較器81から周波数変動率が閾値ref2を超えた旨の出力がなされ、AND回路84がON状態になると、制御部5が開閉器4を遮断する制御を行う。 Then, during that time, the above-mentioned comparator 81 outputs that the frequency fluctuation rate exceeds the threshold value ref2, and when the AND circuit 84 is turned on, the control unit 5 controls to shut off the switch 4.

このようにすると、図4に示すように周波数が例えば±2Hz/sで変化している状態で、わずかなランプ変化(傾き変化)によって周波数の変化率が図5(a)、(b)に「×」で示すように閾値を超える場合(ハッチングは許容範囲内)であっても、高調波測定は基本波がサンプリング周期の定数倍になるよう制御しながら測定するので、交流系統電源を喪失していない状態では±2Hz/sの周波数変化でも3次高調波含有率は変化しないために図4(a)に示すようにオフディレイタイマ部9はONにならず、遮断器4の遮断はなされない。 By doing so, as shown in FIG. 4, in a state where the frequency is changing at, for example, ± 2 Hz / s, the rate of change of the frequency is shown in FIGS. Even if the threshold is exceeded as indicated by "x" (hatching is within the permissible range), the harmonic measurement is performed while controlling the fundamental wave to be a constant multiple of the sampling period, so the AC system power supply is lost. In the non-existing state, the third harmonic content does not change even if the frequency changes by ± 2 Hz / s. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4A, the off-delay timer unit 9 does not turn on, and the circuit breaker 4 is cut off. Not done.

一方、交流電力系統APSの電源Eが喪失して単独運転となった場合には、トランス3に依存する3次高調波がわずかに増加するため、図4(b)に示すようにオフディレイタイマ部9がONになってその状態を一定時間ホールドする。このため、その間に周波数変化率が閾値ref2を超えた場合に、図3のAND回路84から出力がなされ、制御部5が遮断器4の遮断4を行う。これにより、FRT要件における周波数変動時は単独運転を誤検出せず、停電時は単独運転を確実に検出することができる。 On the other hand, when the power supply E of the AC power system APS is lost and the system is operated independently, the third harmonic depending on the transformer 3 increases slightly. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, the off-delay timer The part 9 is turned on and the state is held for a certain period of time. Therefore, when the frequency change rate exceeds the threshold value ref2 during that period, an output is output from the AND circuit 84 of FIG. 3, and the control unit 5 interrupts the circuit breaker 4. As a result, it is possible to reliably detect the independent operation during a power failure without erroneously detecting the independent operation when the frequency fluctuates in the FRT requirement.

以上、本発明の一実施形態を説明したが、特定次数の高調波として3次以外の次数のものを採用することができる。 Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, a harmonic of a specific order other than the third order can be adopted.

また、上記実施形態の分散型電源ユニットは単独運転状態の誤検知を防ぎつつ必要なときに遮断器を確実に遮断する制御を行うように構成したが、遮断器を遮断するか否かは別として、本発明の検知方法によれば単独運転状態の誤検知を防ぎつつ真に単独運転状態となったことを確実に検知することができるので、遮断器以外の制御対象を制御するうえでも有用なものとなり得る。 Further, the distributed power supply unit of the above embodiment is configured to surely shut off the circuit breaker when necessary while preventing false detection of the independent operation state, but whether or not to shut off the circuit breaker is different. As a result, according to the detection method of the present invention, it is possible to reliably detect that the vehicle is in a truly independent operation state while preventing false detection of the independent operation state, which is also useful for controlling a control target other than the circuit breaker. Can be something like that.

その他、各部の具体的な構成は上述した実施形態のみに限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形が可能である。 In addition, the specific configuration of each part is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

1…分散型電源
2…電圧制御型の逆変換装置(インバータ)
3…変圧器(トランス)
4…開閉器
6…周波数変化率検出部
7…高調波含有率検出部
8…判断部
APS…交流電力系統
DPU…分散型電源ユニット
L…電力供給ライン

1 ... Distributed power source 2 ... Voltage control type inverse converter (inverter)
3 ... Transformer
4 ... Switch 6 ... Frequency change rate detection unit 7 ... Harmonic content detection unit 8 ... Judgment unit APS ... AC power system DPU ... Distributed power supply unit L ... Power supply line

Claims (4)

直流電力または交流電力を発生する分散型電源と、前記分散型電源で発生する直流電力を交流変換し若しくは前記分散型電源で発生する交流電力に対して直流変換した後の直流電力を交流変換する電圧制御型の逆変換装置と、前記逆変換装置の出力を変圧する変圧器とを備え、前記変圧器の出力側が開閉器を介して系統連系先の交流電力系統の電力供給ラインに接続される分散型電源ユニットであって、
前記変圧器の出力側の周波数から周波数変化率を検出する周波数変化率検出部と、前記変圧器の出力側の電圧から特定次数の高調波含有率を検出する高調波含有率検出部と、前記高調波含有率が予め定めた閾値を超えかつ前記周波数変化率が予め定めた閾値を超えたか否かを判断する判断部とを備え、前記判断部が前記両閾値を超えたと判断したときに前記開閉器が遮断される構成としたことを特徴とする分散型電源ユニット。
The distributed power supply that generates DC power or AC power and the DC power generated by the distributed power supply are AC-converted, or the DC power after DC conversion to the AC power generated by the distributed power supply is AC-converted. A voltage-controlled reverse converter and a transformer that transforms the output of the reverse converter are provided, and the output side of the transformer is connected to the power supply line of the AC power system to which the grid is connected via a switch. Distributed power supply unit
A frequency change rate detection unit that detects the frequency change rate from the frequency on the output side of the transformer, a harmonic content detection unit that detects the harmonic content of a specific order from the voltage on the output side of the transformer, and the above. A determination unit for determining whether or not the harmonic content exceeds a predetermined threshold value and the frequency change rate exceeds a predetermined threshold value is provided, and when the determination unit determines that both of the threshold values have been exceeded, the above-mentioned A distributed power supply unit characterized in that the switch is shut off.
高調波含有率検出部の出力側にオフディレイタイマ部を備えている請求項1に記載の分散型電源ユニット。 The distributed power supply unit according to claim 1, further comprising an off-delay timer unit on the output side of the harmonic content detection unit. 特定次数の高調波が3次高調波である請求項1又は2に記載の分散型電源ユニット。 The distributed power supply unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the harmonic of a specific order is a third harmonic. 分散型電源が系統連系先の交流電力系統に対して単独運転状態にあるか否かを検出する方法であって、前記分散型電源の出力側の電圧の周波数変化率が予め定めた閾値を超えても、前記分散型電源の出力側の特定次数の高調波含有率が予め定めた閾値を超えないときは、前記前記分散型電源が単独運転状態にあると判断せず、前記分散型電源の出力側の周波数変化率が前記閾値を超え、かつ前記分散型電源の出力側の特定次数の高調波含有率が前記閾値を超えたことをもってはじめて、前記分散型電源が単独運転状態にあると判断することを特徴とする周波数変動時における分散型電源の単独運転状態の検出方法。 It is a method of detecting whether or not the distributed power source is in an independent operation state with respect to the AC power system of the grid interconnection destination, and the frequency change rate of the voltage on the output side of the distributed power source sets a predetermined threshold value. Even if it exceeds, if the harmonic content of the specific order on the output side of the distributed power source does not exceed a predetermined threshold value, it is not determined that the distributed power source is in an independent operation state, and the distributed power source is not determined. When the frequency change rate on the output side of the distributed power source exceeds the threshold value and the harmonic content of the specific order on the output side of the distributed power source exceeds the threshold value, the distributed power source is in the independent operation state. A method for detecting the independent operating state of a distributed power source when a frequency fluctuates, which is characterized by making a judgment.
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