JP6935303B2 - Negative pressure adjustment mechanism and high-rise building - Google Patents

Negative pressure adjustment mechanism and high-rise building Download PDF

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JP6935303B2
JP6935303B2 JP2017211569A JP2017211569A JP6935303B2 JP 6935303 B2 JP6935303 B2 JP 6935303B2 JP 2017211569 A JP2017211569 A JP 2017211569A JP 2017211569 A JP2017211569 A JP 2017211569A JP 6935303 B2 JP6935303 B2 JP 6935303B2
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negative pressure
rise building
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憲昭 鰐渕
憲昭 鰐渕
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Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、屋上に開放するボイド（吹き抜け）を有する高層建物に適用される負圧調整機構及び該負圧調整機構を備える高層建物に関する。 The present invention relates to a negative pressure adjusting mechanism applied to a high-rise building having a void (atrium) that opens on the roof and a high-rise building including the negative pressure adjusting mechanism.

従来、集合住宅やオフィスビル、複合ビルのような高層建物における換気性や採光性の向上のために、高層建物にその内部を上下方向へ伸び、その屋上に開放するボイドが設けられている（特許文献１参照）。 Conventionally, in order to improve ventilation and daylighting in high-rise buildings such as apartment buildings, office buildings, and complex buildings, high-rise buildings are provided with voids that extend in the vertical direction and open to the roof. See Patent Document 1).

ところで、軒高が比較的高い高層建物では、そのボイドの上空を通過する風のためにボイドの内部の圧力が低下し、ボイドが負圧の状態におかれることがある。ボイドを有する高層建物にあっては、ボイドが負圧状態になると、ボイドと該ボイドの周囲に設けられた各階の居室との間に圧力差が生じ、高層建物における生活、活動等に支障が生じることがある。例えば、居室を経て伸びる通気用ダクトの挿通路を風が高速で通過することによる気流音（騒音）の発生、玄関扉に設けられた錠のラッチボルトやデッドボルトとこれらの受座（ストライク）との高い接触圧による玄関扉の開閉の不具合等を招来する。 By the way, in a high-rise building with a relatively high eave height, the pressure inside the void decreases due to the wind passing over the void, and the void may be placed in a negative pressure state. In a high-rise building with a void, when the void is in a negative pressure state, a pressure difference occurs between the void and the living room on each floor provided around the void, which hinders the life and activities of the high-rise building. May occur. For example, the generation of airflow noise (noise) due to the high-speed passage of wind through the insertion passage of the ventilation duct that extends through the living room, the latch bolts and dead bolts of the locks provided on the front door, and their seats (strikes). The high contact pressure with the door causes problems such as opening and closing of the entrance door.

特開２００３−８３５７７号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-83577

したがって、本発明は、高層建物のボイドに生じる負圧を調整する負圧調整機構を提供し、また、前記負圧調整機構を備える高層建物を提供する。 Therefore, the present invention provides a negative pressure adjusting mechanism for adjusting a negative pressure generated in a void of a high-rise building, and also provides a high-rise building including the negative pressure adjusting mechanism.

本発明は、屋上に開放するボイドを有する高層建物に適用される負圧調整機構及び該負圧調整機構を備える高層建物に係る。前記負圧調整機構は、前記高層建物の居室階より上方に位置する階に設けられ前記高層建物の外部に開放する一端及び前記ボイドに開放する他端を有する風を通す複数の通路と、各通路に配置され各通路の一端から他端に向けての風の流動を許すダンパーとを備える。 The present invention relates to a negative pressure adjusting mechanism applied to a high-rise building having a void that opens on the roof and a high-rise building including the negative pressure adjusting mechanism. The negative pressure adjusting mechanism is provided on a floor located above the living room floor of the high-rise building, and has a plurality of passages for passing air, one end of which is open to the outside of the high-rise building and the other end of which is open to the void. It is provided with a damper that is arranged in the passage and allows the flow of wind from one end to the other end of each passage.

本発明によれば、前記高層建物に設けられた複数の通路の任意の一つに向けて吹き付ける風を、前記一つの通路と該通路に配置されたダンパーとを通して、前記ボイドに導き入れることができる。このとき、他の通路においては、該他の通路に配置されたダンパーの働きにより、前記ボイドから前記高層建物の外部に向けての風の流動が阻止される。その結果、前記一つの通路を通しての前記ボイドへの風の導入により、前記ボイド内の圧力が増大し、前記ボイドにおける負圧の程度が軽減される。これにより、前記ボイドの負圧現象に起因して生じる高層建物の全ての居室における生活、活動等の支障を低減することができる。 According to the present invention, the wind blown toward any one of the plurality of passages provided in the high-rise building can be introduced into the void through the one passage and the damper arranged in the passage. can. At this time, in the other passage, the flow of the wind from the void to the outside of the high-rise building is blocked by the action of the damper arranged in the other passage. As a result, the introduction of wind into the void through the one passage increases the pressure in the void and reduces the degree of negative pressure in the void. As a result, it is possible to reduce obstacles to life, activities, etc. in all the living rooms of the high-rise building caused by the negative pressure phenomenon of the void.

前記負圧調整機構は、好ましくは最上階に設けられ、また、複数の通路は前記ボイドの周りに互いに等間隔をおいて配置される。前記ダンパーは、例えば、電動力又は風力を駆動力として回転駆動される複数のルーバーを有する。 The negative pressure adjusting mechanism is preferably provided on the top floor, and a plurality of passages are arranged around the void at equal intervals from each other. The damper has, for example, a plurality of louvers that are rotationally driven by an electric force or a wind force as a driving force.

負圧調整機構及び該負圧調整機構を備える高層建物の概略的な斜視図である。It is a schematic perspective view of a high-rise building provided with a negative pressure adjusting mechanism and the negative pressure adjusting mechanism. 図１に示す負圧調整機構及び高層建物の概略的な縦断面図である。It is a schematic vertical sectional view of the negative pressure adjustment mechanism and a high-rise building shown in FIG. 図１に示す高層建物の屋上の概略的な平面図である。It is a schematic plan view of the roof of the high-rise building shown in FIG. 負圧調整機構の部分断面図である。It is a partial cross-sectional view of a negative pressure adjustment mechanism.

図１〜図３を参照すると、本発明の実施の形態に係る負圧調整機構及び該負圧調整機構を備える高層建物が、それぞれ、全体に符号１０及び符号１２で示されている。符号１４及び１６は、それぞれ、高層建物１２の屋上１４及び該屋上に設けられた立ち上がり壁を示す。 With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, the negative pressure adjusting mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention and the high-rise building provided with the negative pressure adjusting mechanism are indicated by reference numerals 10 and 12, respectively. Reference numerals 14 and 16 indicate the rooftop 14 of the high-rise building 12 and the rising walls provided on the rooftop, respectively.

高層建物１２は、集合住宅、オフィスビル、複合ビル、ホテル等からなり、その内部を鉛直に伸び、屋上１４に開放する吹き抜けであるボイド１８を備える。図示の高層建物１２及びボイド１８はそれぞれ矩形の横断面形状を有し、高層建物１２は４つの外壁面１２ａと、ボイド１８を規定する４つの内壁面１２ｂであって、４つの外壁面１２ａとそれぞれ平行な４つの内壁面１２ｂとを有する。高層建物１２は、矩形以外の他の横断面形状、例えば三角形、円形等の横断面形状を有するものであってもよい。 The high-rise building 12 is composed of an apartment building, an office building, a complex building, a hotel, etc., and includes a void 18 which is a stairwell extending vertically inside the high-rise building 12 and opening to a rooftop 14. The high-rise building 12 and the void 18 shown in the figure each have a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and the high-rise building 12 has four outer wall surfaces 12a and four inner wall surfaces 12b that define the voids 18, and the four outer wall surfaces 12a. Each has four parallel inner wall surfaces 12b. The high-rise building 12 may have a cross-sectional shape other than a rectangle, for example, a cross-sectional shape such as a triangle or a circle.

高層建物１２の外壁面１２ａとボイド１８を規定する内壁面１２ｂとの間の空間には、ボイド１８の周囲を取り巻く多数の居室階２０、すなわち居住、執務、診療、宿泊、作業等の目的のために継続的に使用される１又は複数の居室をそれぞれ有する多数の階層が設けられている。なお、多数の居室階２０については、図示上の煩雑を避けるため、これらを個々にではなく、全体として示した。 In the space between the outer wall surface 12a of the high-rise building 12 and the inner wall surface 12b defining the void 18, a large number of living room floors 20 surrounding the void 18, that is, for the purpose of living, office work, medical treatment, accommodation, work, etc. There are multiple floors, each with one or more living rooms that are continuously used for this purpose. For a large number of living room floors 20, these are shown as a whole, not individually, in order to avoid complications in the illustration.

ボイド１８は、高層建物１２の上空を比較的強い風Ｗ（図２）が流れるとき、ボイド１８内の空気がその開放上端から吸い上げられ、ボイド１８が負圧の状態におかれることがある。高層建物１２に適用された負圧調整機構１０は、ボイド１８が負圧の状態におかれたとき、ボイド１８内の圧力を高めること、すなわち負圧の大きさを低減する働きをなす。 In the void 18, when a relatively strong wind W (FIG. 2) flows over the high-rise building 12, the air in the void 18 is sucked up from the open upper end thereof, and the void 18 may be placed in a negative pressure state. The negative pressure adjusting mechanism 10 applied to the high-rise building 12 functions to increase the pressure in the void 18 when the void 18 is placed in the negative pressure state, that is, to reduce the magnitude of the negative pressure.

負圧調整機構１０は、高層建物１２の居室階２０の上方に位置する階、好ましくは最上階に設けられている。これにより、前記負圧の低減効果を、負圧調整機構１０の下方に位置する居室階２０の全てに及ぼすことができる。 The negative pressure adjusting mechanism 10 is provided on a floor located above the living room floor 20 of the high-rise building 12, preferably on the top floor. As a result, the negative pressure reducing effect can be exerted on all of the living room floors 20 located below the negative pressure adjusting mechanism 10.

負圧調整機構１０は、複数（図示の例にあっては４つ）の風の通路２２と、各通路２２に配置されたダンパー２４（図４）とを備える。 The negative pressure adjusting mechanism 10 includes a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) wind passages 22 and dampers 24 (FIG. 4) arranged in each passage 22.

複数の通路２２は、ボイド１８の周りに互いに等間隔をおいて配置されている。通路２２の数は任意に定めることができる。図示の例では、吹き付ける風の向きを考慮して、４つの通路２２がボイド１８の周りに９０度の角度的間隔をおいて配置されている。 The plurality of passages 22 are arranged around the void 18 at equal intervals from each other. The number of passages 22 can be arbitrarily determined. In the illustrated example, the four passages 22 are arranged around the void 18 at an angular distance of 90 degrees in consideration of the direction of the blowing wind.

各通路２２は、高層建物１２の外部に開放する一端２２ａ及びボイド１８に開放する他端２２ｂを有する。図示の例において、各通路２２は、高層建物１２の外壁面１２ａと内壁面１２ｂとの間を水平に直線的に伸びており、通路２２の一端２２ａ及び他端２２ｂがそれぞれ高層建物１２の外壁面１２ａ及び内壁面１２ｂにおいて開放している。図示の通路２２は矩形状の横断面形状を有し、ボイド１８の横断面形状である前記矩形の各辺の長さに等しい水平方向長さと、高層建物１２の前記階層の天井高さに等しい鉛直方向長さとを有する。 Each passage 22 has one end 22a that opens to the outside of the high-rise building 12 and the other end 22b that opens to the void 18. In the illustrated example, each passage 22 extends horizontally and linearly between the outer wall surface 12a and the inner wall surface 12b of the high-rise building 12, and one end 22a and the other end 22b of the passage 22 are outside the high-rise building 12, respectively. It is open on the wall surface 12a and the inner wall surface 12b. The illustrated passage 22 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and has a horizontal length equal to the length of each side of the rectangular shape, which is the cross-sectional shape of the void 18, and equal to the ceiling height of the floor of the high-rise building 12. It has a vertical length.

図４に示すように、ダンパー２４は通路２２の他端２２ｂに配置され、高層建物１２に取り付けられている。ダンパー２４は、図示の例に代えて、通路２２の一端２２ａ及び他端２２ｂ間、又は、一端２２ａに配置することができる。ダンパー２４は、通路２２の一端２２ａから他端２２ｂに向けての風の流動、すなわち高層建物１２の外部からその内部のボイド１８に向けての風の流動を許す。したがって、反対方向への風の流動、すなわち通路２２の他端２２ｂから一端２２ａに向けての風の流動はダンパー２４によって阻止される。 As shown in FIG. 4, the damper 24 is arranged at the other end 22b of the passage 22 and is attached to the high-rise building 12. The damper 24 can be arranged between one end 22a and the other end 22b of the passage 22 or at one end 22a instead of the illustrated example. The damper 24 allows the flow of wind from one end 22a to the other end 22b of the passage 22, that is, the flow of wind from the outside of the high-rise building 12 toward the void 18 inside the high-rise building 12. Therefore, the flow of wind in the opposite direction, that is, the flow of wind from the other end 22b of the passage 22 toward one end 22a is blocked by the damper 24.

図示の各ダンパー２４は、複数の水平軸２５にそれぞれ支持されまた複数の水平軸２５を介してそれぞれ回転駆動される複数のルーバー２６を有する。複数のルーバー２６を回転駆動させることにより、風が通路２２を流動し、あるいは、流動しないようにすることができる。複数のルーバー２６は、図４で見て、これらが鉛直方向に整列しかつ互いに隣接する上下２つのルーバー２６が重なり合う状態にあるとき、風の流動が止められる。反対に、互いに隣接する２つのルーバー２６が重なり合うことなくこれらの間に隙間が存するとき（図４に示す状態のとき）、風の流動を許す。また、風の流量は、互いに隣接する２つのルーバー２６間の前記隙間の大きさを調整することにより調節することができる。 Each of the illustrated dampers 24 has a plurality of louvers 26 that are supported by the plurality of horizontal shafts 25 and are rotationally driven via the plurality of horizontal shafts 25. By rotationally driving the plurality of louvers 26, it is possible to prevent the wind from flowing in the passage 22 or not. As seen in FIG. 4, the plurality of louvers 26 are stopped from flowing when they are vertically aligned and the two upper and lower louvers 26 adjacent to each other are in an overlapping state. On the contrary, when two louvers 26 adjacent to each other do not overlap each other and a gap exists between them (in the state shown in FIG. 4), the flow of wind is allowed. Further, the flow rate of the wind can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the gap between the two louvers 26 adjacent to each other.

図２に示すように、高層建物１２の一の外壁面１２ａに向けて吹き付ける風Ｗがあるとき、前記一の外壁面１２において開放する１つの通路２２すなわち風Ｗに向けて開口している１つの通路２２を、ダンパー２４の働きにより、風Ｗ（より詳細には風Ｗの一部である風ｗ）が流動し、風ｗがボイド１８内に流入する。このとき、ボイド１８内に流入した風ｗはその一部分がボイド１８内を下方に向けて流動し、また、他の一部分はボイド１８内から上方へ抜け出る。他方、風Ｗの吹き付けを受けない他の３つの通路２２においては、これらの３つの通路２２にそれぞれ配置された３つのダンパー２４の働きにより、これらの通路２２の他端２２ｂから一端２２ａに向けての空気の流動と、これに伴うボイド１８内からボイド１８外への空気の流出とが阻止される。これにより、ボイド１８内の圧力が増大し、前記負圧の程度が軽減される。その結果、ボイド１８の負圧現象に起因して生じる高層建物１２の全ての居室における生活、活動等の支障の低減を図ることができる。 As shown in FIG. 2, when there is a wind W blowing toward one outer wall surface 12a of the high-rise building 12, one passage 22 opened in the one outer wall surface 12, that is, one opening toward the wind W 1 The wind W (more specifically, the wind w which is a part of the wind W) flows through the two passages 22 by the action of the damper 24, and the wind w flows into the void 18. At this time, a part of the wind w flowing into the void 18 flows downward in the void 18, and the other part escapes upward from the inside of the void 18. On the other hand, in the other three passages 22 that are not blown by the wind W, the action of the three dampers 24 arranged in each of the three passages 22 is directed from the other end 22b of these passages 22 toward one end 22a. The flow of air and the accompanying outflow of air from the inside of the void 18 to the outside of the void 18 are prevented. As a result, the pressure in the void 18 is increased, and the degree of the negative pressure is reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce obstacles such as living and activities in all the living rooms of the high-rise building 12 caused by the negative pressure phenomenon of the void 18.

複数のルーバー２６は、例えば電動力を駆動力として、具体的にはダンパー２４に取り付けられた電動モータ（図示せず）を介して、回転駆動させることができる。前記電動力を駆動力とする例においては、さらに、各通路２２の一端２２ａの側に配置された風圧力センサ（図示せず）が感知する風の強さに応じて、前記電動モータを作動させることができる。 The plurality of louvers 26 can be rotationally driven, for example, using an electric force as a driving force, specifically via an electric motor (not shown) attached to the damper 24. In the example in which the electric force is used as the driving force, the electric motor is further operated according to the wind strength sensed by the wind pressure sensor (not shown) arranged on the side of one end 22a of each passage 22. Can be made to.

複数のルーバー２６は、前記した例に代えて、風力を駆動力して回転駆動させることができる。この例においては、例えば、複数のルーバー２６が予め定められた大きさの風力を受けたとき、互いに重なり合った状態にある上下２つのルーバー２６が一方向（図４において時計方向）へ回転するようにすることができる。また、例えば、ばね部材（図示せず）を介して、複数のルーバー２６に予め回転抵抗を与えておき、前記回転抵抗を上回る回転駆動力を与える風力を受けたとき、複数のルーバー２６が前記時計方向に回転するようにすることができる。 The plurality of louvers 26 can be rotationally driven by driving wind power instead of the above example. In this example, for example, when a plurality of louvers 26 receive a predetermined amount of wind power, the two upper and lower louvers 26 in a state of overlapping each other rotate in one direction (clockwise in FIG. 4). Can be. Further, for example, when a plurality of louvers 26 are given rotational resistance in advance via a spring member (not shown) and receive a wind force that gives a rotational driving force exceeding the rotational resistance, the plurality of louvers 26 are said to have the same rotational resistance. It can be rotated clockwise.

高層建物１２は、矩形以外の他の横断面形状、例えば三角形、円形等の横断面形状を有するものであってもよい。また、通路２２は、他の横断面形状、例えば円形の横断面形状を有するものとすることができる。 The high-rise building 12 may have a cross-sectional shape other than a rectangle, for example, a cross-sectional shape such as a triangle or a circle. Further, the passage 22 may have another cross-sectional shape, for example, a circular cross-sectional shape.

１０ 負圧調整機構
１２ 高層建物
１８ ボイド
２０ 居室階
２２ 風の通路
２４ ダンパー
２６ ルーバー 10 Negative pressure adjustment mechanism 12 High-rise building 18 Void 20 Living room floor 22 Wind passage 24 Damper 26 Louver

Claims (5)

屋上に開放するボイドを有する高層建物に適用される負圧調整機構であって、
前記高層建物の居室階より上方に位置する階に設けられ前記高層建物の外部に開放する一端及び前記ボイドに開放する他端を有する複数の風の通路と、
各通路に配置され各通路の一端から他端に向けての風の流動を許すダンパーとを備える、負圧調整機構。 A negative pressure adjustment mechanism applied to high-rise buildings with voids that open to the roof.
A plurality of wind passages provided on a floor located above the living room floor of the high-rise building and having one end open to the outside of the high-rise building and the other end open to the void.
A negative pressure adjustment mechanism provided in each passage with a damper that allows wind to flow from one end to the other of each passage. 前記居室階より上方に位置する階は最上階からなる、請求項１に記載の負圧調整機構。 The negative pressure adjusting mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the floor located above the living room floor is composed of the top floor. 複数の通路は前記ボイドの周りに互いに等間隔をおいて配置されている、請求項１又は２に記載の負圧調整機構。 The negative pressure adjusting mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of passages are arranged around the void at equal intervals. 前記ダンパーは、電動力又は風力を駆動力として回転駆動される複数のルーバーを有する、請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の負圧調整機構。 The negative pressure adjusting mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the damper has a plurality of louvers that are rotationally driven by using electric force or wind power as a driving force. 請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載の負圧調整機構を備える、屋上に開放するボイドを有する高層建物。 A high-rise building having a void that opens on the roof, comprising the negative pressure adjusting mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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