JP6875691B1 - Tissue formation device, tissue formation method, and connective tissue - Google Patents

Tissue formation device, tissue formation method, and connective tissue Download PDF

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JP6875691B1
JP6875691B1 JP2020108916A JP2020108916A JP6875691B1 JP 6875691 B1 JP6875691 B1 JP 6875691B1 JP 2020108916 A JP2020108916 A JP 2020108916A JP 2020108916 A JP2020108916 A JP 2020108916A JP 6875691 B1 JP6875691 B1 JP 6875691B1
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中山 泰秀
泰秀 中山
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Abstract

【課題】構造上の精度が高められた結合組織体を組織体形成装置が埋設される期間の長期化を抑えたうえで形成可能にしつつ組織体形成装置の取り扱い性を向上可能にした組織体形成装置、組織体形成方法、および結合組織体を提供する。【解決手段】区画壁が備える外表面において相互に隣り合う貫通孔20Hの間の長さが0.5mm以上、かつ貫通孔20Hにおける開口寸法が0.02mm以上2.5mm以下である複数の貫通孔20Hが区画壁に形成されており、区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての貫通孔20Hの開口面積の割合が開口占有率であり、区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての貫通孔における開口縁の長さの割合が区画面密度であり、開口占有率が4%以上70%以下であり、区画面密度が0.9/mm以上である。【選択図】図1PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the handleability of a connective tissue having improved structural accuracy while suppressing a long period of time in which the tissue forming apparatus is embedded. A forming device, a tissue forming method, and a connective tissue are provided. SOLUTION: A plurality of penetrations having a length between adjacent through holes 20H on the outer surface of a partition wall of 0.5 mm or more and an opening dimension of the through holes 20H of 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. The hole 20H is formed in the partition wall, and the ratio of the opening area of all the through holes 20H included in the unit area to the unit area of the outer surface provided by the partition wall is the opening occupancy ratio, and the outside provided by the partition wall. The ratio of the length of the opening edge in all the through holes included in the unit area to the unit area of the surface is the ward screen density, the opening occupancy rate is 4% or more and 70% or less, and the ward screen density is 0. It is 9 / mm or more. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

本発明は、結合組織体を形成するための組織体形成装置、当該組織体形成装置を用いた組織体形成方法、および結合組織体に関する。 The present invention relates to a tissue forming apparatus for forming a connective tissue, a tissue forming method using the tissue forming apparatus, and a connective tissue.

身体が備える自己防衛機能は、主に繊維芽細胞とコラーゲンとから構成されるカプセルによって異物を覆う性質を備える。失われた組織や器官を人工物によって蘇らせる医療である再生医療の1つは、組織体形成装置を異物として生体内に埋めて、その後、上述した自己防衛機能を利用して生体由来の結合組織体を生細胞から形成する(例えば、特許文献1〜3を参照)。この際、異物として用いられる組織体形成装置は、相互に対向する2つの組織体形成面を備え、これら2つの組織体形成面の間に侵入する生体組織材料によって結合組織体を形成する(例えば、特許文献4,5を参照)。近年、こうした再生医療の臨床試験に向けて、組織体形成装置の埋設期間を短くすること、および、結合組織体が有する構造上の精度を高めることの両立を可能とするために、結合組織形成装置の外表面に占有率が20%以上40%以下となる開口を形成することが提案されている(例えば、特許文献6を参照)。 The self-defense function of the body has the property of covering foreign substances with capsules mainly composed of fibroblasts and collagen. One of the regenerative medicines, which is a medical treatment to revive lost tissues and organs by an artificial object, is to bury the tissue forming device in the living body as a foreign substance, and then use the self-defense function described above to make a binding derived from the living body. Tissues are formed from living cells (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3). At this time, the tissue forming apparatus used as a foreign substance includes two tissue forming surfaces facing each other, and forms a connective tissue by a biological tissue material invading between the two tissue forming surfaces (for example). , Patent Documents 4 and 5). In recent years, for such clinical trials of regenerative medicine, in order to make it possible to achieve both shortening the burial period of the connective tissue forming device and increasing the structural accuracy of the connective tissue, connective tissue formation is possible. It has been proposed to form an opening having an occupancy rate of 20% or more and 40% or less on the outer surface of the device (see, for example, Patent Document 6).

特開2007−312821号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-31281 特開2008−237896号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-237896 特開2010−094476号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-094476 特開2014−030598号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-03598 特開2017−169778号公報JP-A-2017-169778 特許6033979号公報Japanese Patent No. 6033979

上述したような組織体形成装置の外表面は、結合組織体を形成するための空間を生体組織材料が存在している環境から区切る。こうした外表面に形成された開口の大きさが大きいほど、生体組織材料が存在している環境から結合組織体を形成するための空間に生体組織材料は入りやすい。一方で、結合組織体が形成される速さや寸法精度などを高める因子とは、(i)開口における生体組織材料の通りやすさと、その他に、(ii)結合組織体を形成するための空間での生体組織材料における自己防衛機能の発しやすさとを含む。この点、上述したような組織体形成装置の開口占有率は、様々な大きさの開口を用いて形成された結合組織体の形成結果に基づいて定められている。その結果、結合組織体が形成される速さや寸法精度などを高める主要な因子として上記(i)に記載の事項のみが自ずと定められてしまい、上記(ii)に記載の事項が反映されがたい装置となっている。さらに、臨床試験に向けては、上述した要請に加えて、生体組織材料が存在する環境から組織体形成装置を取り出しやすいこと、また、生体組織材料が存在する環境から組織体形成装置を取り出す際、また組織体形成装置から結合組織体を取り出す際に、結合組織体を所望の寸法で取り出しやすいことが新たに要請されている。 The outer surface of the tissue forming apparatus as described above separates the space for forming connective tissue from the environment in which the biological tissue material is present. The larger the size of the opening formed on the outer surface, the easier it is for the biotissue material to enter the space for forming the connective tissue from the environment in which the biotissue material is present. On the other hand, factors that increase the speed at which connective tissue is formed, dimensional accuracy, etc. are (i) the ease of passage of the biological tissue material at the opening and (ii) the space for forming connective tissue. Includes the likelihood of self-defense in biological tissue materials. In this regard, the opening occupancy of the tissue forming apparatus as described above is determined based on the formation result of the connective tissue formed by using the openings of various sizes. As a result, only the items described in the above (i) are naturally defined as the main factors for increasing the speed at which the connective tissue is formed, the dimensional accuracy, etc., and it is difficult to reflect the items described in the above (ii). It is a device. Furthermore, for clinical trials, in addition to the above-mentioned requirements, it is easy to take out the tissue-forming device from the environment in which the biological tissue material is present, and when the tissue-forming device is taken out from the environment in which the biological tissue material is present. Further, when the connective tissue is taken out from the tissue forming apparatus, it is newly required that the connective tissue can be easily taken out in a desired size.

本発明は、構造上の精度が高められた結合組織体を組織体形成装置が埋設される期間の長期化を抑えたうえで形成可能にしつつ組織体形成装置の取り扱い性を向上可能にした組織体形成装置、組織体形成方法、および結合組織体を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention makes it possible to form a connective tissue with improved structural accuracy while suppressing a long period of time in which the tissue forming apparatus is embedded, and at the same time, it is possible to improve the handleability of the tissue forming apparatus. It is an object of the present invention to provide a body forming apparatus, a tissue forming method, and a connective tissue.

上記課題を解決するための組織体形成装置は、生体組織材料が存在する環境のなかで結合組織体を形成する組織体形成装置である。組織体形成装置は、前記環境と、前記生体組織材料から形成される前記結合組織体で満たされるための中空空間とを区切る区画壁を備え、前記区画壁が備える外表面において相互に隣り合う貫通孔の間の長さが0.5mm以上、かつ前記貫通孔における開口寸法が0.02mm以上2.5mm以下である複数の前記貫通孔が前記区画壁に形成されている。前記区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての前記貫通孔の開口面積の割合が開口占有率であり、前記区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての前記貫通孔における開口縁の長さの割合が区画面密度である。そして、前記開口占有率が4%以上30%未満であり、前記区画面密度が0.9/mm以上である。 The tissue-forming device for solving the above-mentioned problems is a tissue-forming device that forms a connective tissue in an environment in which a biological tissue material exists. The tissue forming apparatus comprises a partition wall that separates the environment from a hollow space for being filled with the connective tissue formed from the biotissue material, and penetrates adjacent to each other on the outer surface of the partition wall. A plurality of the through holes having a length between the holes of 0.5 mm or more and an opening size of the through holes of 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less are formed in the partition wall. The ratio of the opening area of all the through holes included in the unit area to the unit area of the outer surface provided by the partition wall is the opening occupancy rate, and the unit area with respect to the unit area of the outer surface provided by the partition wall. The ratio of the length of the opening edge in all the through holes included in is the area screen density. The opening occupancy rate is 4% or more and less than 30%, and the screen density is 0.9 / mm or more.

上記課題を解決するための組織体形成装置は、生体組織材料が存在する環境のなかで結合組織体を形成する組織体形成装置である。組織体形成装置は、前記環境と、前記生体組織材料から形成される前記結合組織体で満たされるための中空空間とを区切る区画壁を備え、前記区画壁が備える外表面において相互に隣り合う貫通孔の間の長さが0.5mm以上、かつ前記貫通孔における開口寸法が0.02mm以上2.5mm以下である複数の前記貫通孔が前記区画壁に形成されている。前記区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての前記貫通孔の開口面積の割合が開口占有率であり、前記区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての前記貫通孔における開口縁の長さの割合が区画面密度であり、前記開口占有率が4%以上70%以下であり、前記区画面密度が0.9/mm以上であり、前記複数の前記貫通孔は、複数の第1貫通孔と、相互に隣合う前記第1貫通孔の間に位置して前記第1貫通孔よりも開口寸法が小さい第2貫通孔とを備える。 The tissue-forming device for solving the above-mentioned problems is a tissue-forming device that forms a connective tissue in an environment in which a biological tissue material exists. The tissue forming apparatus comprises a partition wall that separates the environment from a hollow space for being filled with the connective tissue formed from the biotissue material, and penetrates adjacent to each other on the outer surface of the partition wall. A plurality of the through holes having a length between the holes of 0.5 mm or more and an opening size of the through holes of 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less are formed in the partition wall. The ratio of the opening area of all the through holes included in the unit area to the unit area of the outer surface provided by the partition wall is the opening occupancy rate, and the unit area with respect to the unit area of the outer surface provided by the partition wall. The ratio of the length of the opening edge in all the through holes included in is the ward screen density, the opening occupancy is 4% or more and 70% or less, and the ward screen density is 0.9 / mm or more. The plurality of through holes include a plurality of first through holes and a second through hole located between the first through holes adjacent to each other and having an opening size smaller than that of the first through hole. ..

上記組織体形成装置によれば、開口寸法が0.02mm以上であるため、結合組織体を形成するための生体組織材料を区画壁の外側から内側に向けて入れることが可能となる。また、開口寸法が2.5mm以下であるため、貫通孔の形状に追従した突部の大きさを結合組織体において十分に小さくすること、および区画壁の外側において結合組織体が厚く形成され続けることを抑えることが可能である。貫通孔の形状に追従した突部の大きさを小さくできること、および区画壁の外側における結合組織体の厚さを薄くできることは、生体組織材料が存在する環境から組織体形成装置を取り出す際に、区画壁の外側に位置する血管の切断などによる影響を軽減することが可能となる。また、生体組織材料が存在する環境から組織体形成装置を取り出す際、および組織体形成装置から結合組織体を取り出す際に、結合組織体の寸法に誤差が生じたり結合組織体の形状が崩れたりすることを抑制可能とする。そのうえ、結合組織体における表面の平坦性を高めたり、組織体形成装置の形状に追従した形状の結合組織体において、当該結合組織体の形状を別の形状に変えがたい癖が付くことを抑えたりすることが可能ともなる。結果として、組織体形成装置の取り扱い性を高めることが容易になると共に、結合組織体の構造上における精度を高めることが可能ともなる。 According to the above-mentioned tissue forming apparatus, since the opening size is 0.02 mm or more, it is possible to insert the biological tissue material for forming the connective tissue from the outside to the inside of the partition wall. Further, since the opening size is 2.5 mm or less, the size of the protrusion that follows the shape of the through hole is sufficiently reduced in the connective tissue, and the connective tissue continues to be formed thick outside the partition wall. It is possible to suppress that. The ability to reduce the size of the protrusions that follow the shape of the through hole and the ability to reduce the thickness of the connective tissue outside the compartment wall is the ability to reduce the thickness of the connective tissue outside the compartment wall when removing the tissue-forming device from the environment in which the biological tissue material is present. It is possible to reduce the influence of cutting of blood vessels located outside the partition wall. In addition, when the tissue forming apparatus is taken out from the environment in which the biological tissue material is present, and when the connective tissue is taken out from the tissue forming apparatus, an error occurs in the size of the connective tissue or the shape of the connective tissue is deformed. It is possible to suppress this. In addition, it enhances the flatness of the surface of the connective tissue and suppresses the habit of changing the shape of the connective tissue to another shape in the connective tissue having a shape that follows the shape of the connective tissue forming apparatus. It is also possible to do it. As a result, it becomes easy to improve the handleability of the tissue forming apparatus, and it is also possible to improve the structural accuracy of the connective tissue.

また、貫通孔の間の長さが0.5mm以上であるため、1つの開口と他の開口との間に位置する開口間の構造体において、1つの開口の縁と他の開口の縁とを別々の起点として、生体組織材料から組織体形成空間に向けて結合組織体を形成しはじめることが可能となる。これにより、組織体形成空間において結合組織体が形成される速さを高めること、あるいは生体組織材料が存在する環境に組織体形成装置を埋設する期間を短くすることが可能ともなる。 Further, since the length between the through holes is 0.5 mm or more, in the structure between the openings located between one opening and the other opening, the edge of one opening and the edge of the other opening It is possible to start forming connective tissue from the biological tissue material toward the tissue formation space with the above as separate starting points. This makes it possible to increase the speed at which connective tissue is formed in the tissue forming space, or to shorten the period for burying the connective tissue forming device in the environment in which the biological tissue material is present.

また、開口占有率が4%以上であり、かつ、区画面密度が0.9/mm以上であるから、開口の大きさが小さくとも、開口の数量を多くすることが可能となる。ここで、組織体形成装置における結合組織体の形成は、組織体形成装置の外側と組織体形成装置の内側との両方で競争して起こりえる。開口の数量が少なく、かつ貫通孔の間の長さが大きすぎる場合には、組織体形成装置の外側がコラーゲン膜で覆われやすく、組織体形成装置の内側が結合組織体によって埋められる前に、小さい開口がコラーゲン膜で閉ざされてしまう。一方で、開口の大きさが小さくとも、開口の数量が多ければ、貫通孔の間の長さが短い分だけコラーゲン膜の形成を遅らせて、組織体形成装置の内側が結合組織体によって埋められる前に開口が閉ざされてしまうことを抑えると共に、組織体形成装置の外側に位置する結合組織体の厚さを薄くすることを可能ともする。 Further, since the opening occupancy rate is 4% or more and the area screen density is 0.9 / mm or more, it is possible to increase the number of openings even if the size of the openings is small. Here, the formation of connective tissue in the tissue-forming apparatus can occur competitively both outside the tissue-forming apparatus and inside the tissue-forming apparatus. If the number of openings is small and the length between the through holes is too large, the outside of the tissue-forming device is likely to be covered with a collagen membrane, before the inside of the tissue-forming device is filled with connective tissue. , The small opening is closed by the collagen membrane. On the other hand, even if the size of the opening is small, if the number of openings is large, the formation of the collagen film is delayed by the short length between the through holes, and the inside of the tissue forming apparatus is filled with connective tissue. It is possible to prevent the opening from being closed before and to reduce the thickness of the connective tissue located outside the tissue forming apparatus.

なお、開口の大きさが大きすぎる場合には、開口の中心と対向する部位まで結合組織体が形成されにくく、結合組織体のなかで開口と対向する部位に窪みが形成されてしまう。この点、開口占有率が70%という大きさであっても、区画面密度が0.9/mm以上であれば、1つずつの開口が大きすぎることを抑えて、結合組織体に窪みが形成されることを抑えることが可能ともなる。すなわち、開口占有率が4%以上70%以下であり、かつ、区画面密度が0.9/mm以上であれば、組織体形成装置の内側を埋める結合組織体を形成するうえで、結合組織体が形成されはじめる起点を確保することができる。結果として、(i)開口における生体組織材料の通りやすさと、(ii)結合組織体を形成するための空間での生体組織材料における自己防衛機能の発しやすさとを、結合組織体の形成に反映させることが可能となる。
以上により、構造上の精度が高められた結合組織体を組織体形成装置が埋設される期間の長期化を抑えつつ組織体形成装置の取り扱い性を向上させて形成することが可能となる。
If the size of the opening is too large, it is difficult for the connective tissue to be formed up to the portion facing the center of the opening, and a depression is formed in the portion of the connective tissue facing the opening. In this regard, even if the opening occupancy rate is as large as 70%, if the screen density is 0.9 / mm or more, it is possible to prevent each opening from being too large and to have a dent in the connective tissue. It is also possible to suppress the formation. That is, if the opening occupancy rate is 4% or more and 70% or less and the plot screen density is 0.9 / mm or more, the connective tissue is used to form the connective tissue that fills the inside of the tissue forming apparatus. It is possible to secure a starting point at which the body begins to form. As a result, (i) the ease of passage of the biological tissue material in the opening and (ii) the ease of the self-defense function of the biological tissue material in the space for forming the connective tissue are reflected in the formation of the connective tissue. It becomes possible to make it.
As described above, it is possible to form a connective tissue with improved structural accuracy by improving the handleability of the tissue forming apparatus while suppressing a long period of time in which the tissue forming apparatus is embedded.

なお、結合組織は、通常、コラーゲンを主成分とした組織であって、生体内に形成させる組織である。本開示の技術においては、生体内に形成される結合組織に相当する組織が生体外の環境で形成される場合のその組織も含む。生体組織材料は、生体に由来する組織を形成するうえで必要な物質である。生体組織材料は、例えば、線維芽細胞、平滑筋細胞、ES細胞、iPS細胞などの動物細胞、コラーゲンやエラスチンなどの各種のタンパク質類、ヒアルロン酸などの糖類、細胞の成長や分化を促進する細胞成長因子、サイトカインなどの生体内に存在する各種の生理活性物質を含む。生体組織材料は、例えば、ヒト、イヌ、ウシ、ブタ、ヤギ、ヒツジなどの哺乳類、鳥類、魚類、その他の動物に由来する材料、および、これと同等の人工材料を含む。生体組織材料の存在する環境は、例えば、ヒト、イヌ、ウシ、ブタ、ヤギ、ヒツジなどの哺乳類、鳥類、魚類、その他の動物における生体内であり、四肢部、肩部、背部、腹部などの皮下、および、腹腔である。生体組織材料の存在する環境は、例えば、生体組織材料を含有する人工環境である。 The connective tissue is usually a tissue containing collagen as a main component and is a tissue formed in a living body. In the technique of the present disclosure, the tissue corresponding to the connective tissue formed in the living body is also included when the tissue is formed in the environment outside the living body. Biological tissue material is a substance necessary for forming a tissue derived from a living body. Biological tissue materials include, for example, animal cells such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, ES cells, and iPS cells, various proteins such as collagen and elastin, saccharides such as hyaluronic acid, and cells that promote cell growth and differentiation. It contains various physiologically active substances existing in the living body such as growth factors and cytokines. Biological tissue materials include, for example, materials derived from mammals such as humans, dogs, cows, pigs, goats, sheep, birds, fish, and other animals, and equivalent artificial materials. The environment in which the biological tissue material is present is, for example, in vivo in mammals such as humans, dogs, cows, pigs, goats, sheep, birds, fish, and other animals, such as limbs, shoulders, back, and abdomen. Subcutaneous and peritoneal. The environment in which the biological tissue material exists is, for example, an artificial environment containing the biological tissue material.

上記組織体形成装置において、前記区画壁は、第1区画壁であり、前記貫通孔は、第1貫通孔であり、前記第1区画壁に囲まれた空間に、当該空間を区切る第2区画壁をさらに備えてもよい。前記第2区画壁において相互に隣り合う第2貫通孔の間の長さが0.5mm以上、かつ前記第2貫通孔における開口寸法が0.02mm以上2.5mm以下である複数の前記第2貫通孔が前記第2区画壁に形成されている。そして、前記第2区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての前記第2貫通孔の開口面積の割合である開口占有率が4%以上70%以下であり、前記第2区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての前記第2貫通孔における開口縁の長さの割合である区画面密度が0.9/mm以上であってもよい。 In the tissue forming apparatus, the partition wall is a first partition wall, the through hole is a first through hole, and a second partition that divides the space into a space surrounded by the first partition wall. Additional walls may be provided. A plurality of the second through holes having a length of 0.5 mm or more between the second through holes adjacent to each other in the second partition wall and an opening size of 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less in the second through holes. A through hole is formed in the second partition wall. The opening occupancy rate, which is the ratio of the opening areas of all the second through holes included in the unit area to the unit area of the outer surface provided by the second partition wall, is 4% or more and 70% or less. Even if the ward screen density, which is the ratio of the lengths of the opening edges in all the second through holes included in the unit area to the unit area of the outer surface provided by the second partition wall, is 0.9 / mm or more. Good.

上記組織体形成装置によれば、第1区画壁に囲まれた空間に位置する第2区画壁において、(i)開口における生体組織材料の通りやすさと、(ii)結合組織体を形成するための空間での生体組織材料における自己防衛機能の発しやすさとを、結合組織体の形成に反映させることが可能となる。それゆえに、上述したように、生体組織材料が存在する環境に装置が埋設される期間の長期化を抑えつつ、区画壁の形状に追従した結合組織体の形成を促して、結合組織体における構造上の精度を高めることが可能となるうえ、第1区画壁に囲まれた空間の全体にわたり結合組織体を形成することが容易ともなる。 According to the above-mentioned tissue forming apparatus, in the second section wall located in the space surrounded by the first section wall, (i) the ease of passage of the biological tissue material in the opening and (ii) the formation of connective tissue. It is possible to reflect the susceptibility of the self-defense function of the biological tissue material in the space to the formation of connective tissue. Therefore, as described above, the structure in the connective tissue is promoted to form a connective tissue that follows the shape of the compartment wall while suppressing the lengthening of the period in which the device is embedded in the environment in which the biological tissue material is present. In addition to being able to improve the above accuracy, it is also easy to form connective tissue over the entire space surrounded by the first compartment wall.

上記組織体形成装置において、前記貫通孔は、第1貫通孔であり、前記区画壁は、前記第1貫通孔よりも大きい貫通孔が形成された外層部材と、前記貫通孔と対向する位置に前記第1貫通孔が形成された内層部材と、を備えてもよい。この構成によれば、結合組織体を形成することに特化した微細な貫通孔を備えることを内層部材に担わせて、内層部材の機械的な強度を高めることに特化した機能を外層部材に担わせることが可能ともなる。これにより、構造上の精度が高められた結合組織体を組織体形成装置が埋設される期間の長期化を抑えつつ組織体形成装置の取り扱い性を向上させて形成することができるうえ、組織体形成装置の機械的な耐久性を高めることが可能ともなる。 In the tissue forming apparatus, the through hole is a first through hole, and the partition wall is located at a position facing the through hole with an outer layer member having a through hole larger than the first through hole. An inner layer member on which the first through hole is formed may be provided. According to this configuration, the inner layer member is provided with a fine through hole specialized for forming a connective tissue, and the outer layer member has a function specialized for increasing the mechanical strength of the inner layer member. It is also possible to carry it on. As a result, it is possible to form a connective tissue with improved structural accuracy by improving the handleability of the tissue forming device while suppressing a long period of time in which the tissue forming device is embedded. It also makes it possible to increase the mechanical durability of the forming device.

上記組織体形成装置において、前記内層部材は、前記外層部材よりも薄くてもよい。この構成によれば、結合組織体を形成するための生体組織材料が内層部材の第2貫通孔を通過しやすくなるため、上述した効果の実効性を高めることが可能ともなる。 In the tissue forming apparatus, the inner layer member may be thinner than the outer layer member. According to this configuration, the biological tissue material for forming the connective tissue easily passes through the second through hole of the inner layer member, so that the effectiveness of the above-mentioned effect can be enhanced.

上記課題を解決するための結合組織形成方法は、生体組織材料が存在する人体以外の環境のなかに組織体形成装置を埋設して前記組織体形成装置のなかに結合組織体を形成する組織体形成方法であって、前記組織体形成装置は、上述した組織体形成装置である。 The connective tissue forming method for solving the above-mentioned problems is an organization in which a connective tissue forming apparatus is embedded in an environment other than the human body in which a biological tissue material exists to form a connective tissue forming apparatus in the tissue forming apparatus. It is a forming method, and the tissue forming apparatus is the above-mentioned tissue forming apparatus.

上記課題を解決するための結合組織体は、生体組織材料が存在する環境と、前記生体組織材料から形成される結合組織体で満たされるための中空空間とを区切る区画壁に開口を備えた組織体形成装置を前記環境に埋設することによって形成される結合組織体である。前記結合組織体の表面は、前記区画壁から剥がされた第1表面部分と、前記開口において前記環境から引き離された第2表面部分と、を備え、前記第2表面部分は、前記第1表面部分よりも粗い。そして、相互に隣り合う前記第2表面部分の間の長さは0.5mm以上であり、前記第2表面部分における最小寸法は0.02mm以上2.5mm以下であり、前記第1表面部分の面積と前記第2表面部分の面積との合計に対する前記第2表面部分の面積の割合が4%以上30%未満であり、前記第1表面部分の面積と前記第2表面部分の面積との合計に対する前記第2表面部分の縁の長さの合計の割合が0.9/mm以上である。 The connective tissue for solving the above problems is a tissue having an opening in the partition wall that separates the environment in which the biotissue material exists and the hollow space for being filled with the connective tissue formed from the biotissue material. It is a connective tissue formed by burying a body forming apparatus in the environment. The surface of the connective tissue comprises a first surface portion stripped from the compartment wall and a second surface portion separated from the environment at the opening, the second surface portion being the first surface. Coarse than the part. The length between the second surface portions adjacent to each other is 0.5 mm or more, the minimum dimension of the second surface portion is 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less, and the first surface portion of the first surface portion. The ratio of the area of the second surface portion to the total of the area and the area of the second surface portion is 4% or more and less than 30%, and the total of the area of the first surface portion and the area of the second surface portion. The ratio of the total edge length of the second surface portion to the second surface portion is 0.9 / mm or more.

上記課題を解決するための結合組織体は、生体組織材料が存在する環境と、前記生体組織材料から形成される結合組織体で満たされるための中空空間とを区切る区画壁に開口を備えた組織体形成装置を前記環境に埋設することによって形成される結合組織体である。前記結合組織体の表面は、前記区画壁から剥がされた第1表面部分と、前記開口において前記環境から引き離された複数の第2表面部分と、を備え、前記第2表面部分は、前記第1表面部分よりも粗い。そして、相互に隣り合う前記第2表面部分の間の長さは0.5mm以上であり、前記第2表面部分における最小寸法は0.02mm以上2.5mm以下であり、前記第1表面部分の面積と前記第2表面部分の面積との合計に対する前記第2表面部分の面積の割合が4%以上70%以下であり、前記第1表面部分の面積と前記第2表面部分の面積との合計に対する前記第2表面部分の縁の長さの合計の割合が0.9/mm以上であり、前記複数の前記第2表面部分は、複数の大面積部分と、相互に隣合う前記大面積部分の間に位置して前記大面積部分よりも小さい小面積部分とを備える。 The connective tissue for solving the above problems is a tissue having an opening in the partition wall that separates the environment in which the biotissue material exists and the hollow space for being filled with the connective tissue formed from the biotissue material. It is a connective tissue formed by burying a body forming apparatus in the environment. The surface of the connective tissue comprises a first surface portion stripped from the compartment wall and a plurality of second surface portions separated from the environment at the opening, wherein the second surface portion is the first. 1 Coarse than the surface part. The length between the second surface portions adjacent to each other is 0.5 mm or more, the minimum dimension of the second surface portion is 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less, and the first surface portion of the first surface portion. The ratio of the area of the second surface portion to the total of the area and the area of the second surface portion is 4% or more and 70% or less, and the total of the area of the first surface portion and the area of the second surface portion. The ratio of the total length of the edges of the second surface portion to the second surface portion is 0.9 / mm or more, and the plurality of the second surface portions are a plurality of large area portions and the large area portions adjacent to each other. A small area portion smaller than the large area portion is provided between the two.

本発明における組織体形成装置、組織体形成方法、および結合組織体によれば、構造上の精度が高められた結合組織体を組織体形成装置が埋設される期間の長期化を抑えて形成可能にしつつ組織体形成装置の取り扱い性を向上することができる。 According to the tissue forming apparatus, the tissue forming method, and the connective tissue in the present invention, it is possible to form a connective tissue with improved structural accuracy while suppressing the lengthening of the period in which the tissue forming apparatus is embedded. However, the handleability of the tissue forming apparatus can be improved.

組織体形成装置の一実施形態における構造を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the structure in one Embodiment of an organization formation apparatus. 一実施形態における上側外装部材の構造を示す平面図。The plan view which shows the structure of the upper exterior member in one Embodiment. 一実施形態における下側外装部材の構造を示す平面図。The plan view which shows the structure of the lower exterior member in one Embodiment. 一実施形態における内装部材の構造を示す平面図。The plan view which shows the structure of the interior member in one Embodiment. 一実施形態における開口の構造を示す平面図。The plan view which shows the structure of the opening in one Embodiment. 結合組織体の形成過程を説明するための断面図。Sectional drawing for demonstrating the formation process of connective tissue. 参考となる組織体形成装置での結合組織体の形成過程を説明する断面図。The cross-sectional view explaining the formation process of the connective tissue with the reference tissue formation apparatus. 参考となる組織体形成装置での結合組織体の形成過程を説明する断面図。The cross-sectional view explaining the formation process of the connective tissue with the reference tissue formation apparatus. 参考となる組織体形成装置での結合組織体の形成過程を説明する断面図。The cross-sectional view explaining the formation process of the connective tissue with the reference tissue formation apparatus. 参考となる組織体形成装置での結合組織体の形成過程を説明する断面図。The cross-sectional view explaining the formation process of the connective tissue with the reference tissue formation apparatus. 組織体形成装置での結合組織体の形成過程を説明する断面図。The cross-sectional view explaining the formation process of the connective tissue in the tissue formation apparatus. 組織体形成装置での結合組織体の形成過程を説明する断面図。The cross-sectional view explaining the formation process of the connective tissue in the tissue formation apparatus. 組織体形成装置での結合組織体の形成過程を説明する断面図。The cross-sectional view explaining the formation process of the connective tissue in the tissue formation apparatus. 開口占有率と区画面密度とに対する評価結果を示すグラフ。A graph showing the evaluation results for the opening occupancy rate and the ward screen density. 第1変更例における開口の構造を示す平面図。The plan view which shows the structure of the opening in 1st modification. 第2変更例における開口の構造を示す平面図。The plan view which shows the structure of the opening in 2nd modification. 第3変更例における開口の構造を示す平面図。The plan view which shows the structure of the opening in the 3rd modification example. 他の変更例における開口の構造を示す平面図。The plan view which shows the structure of the opening in another modified example. 他の変更例における開口の構造を示す平面図。The plan view which shows the structure of the opening in another modified example. 他の変更例における開口の構造を示す平面図。The plan view which shows the structure of the opening in another modified example. 第4変更例における組織体形成装置の構造を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the structure of the organization formation apparatus in 4th modification. 第5変更例における組織体形成装置の構造を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the structure of the organization formation apparatus in 5th modification. 第6変更例における組織体形成装置の構造を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the structure of the organization formation apparatus in 6th modification. 第7変形例における組織体形成装置の構造を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the structure of the organization formation apparatus in 7th modification. 第8変形例における組織体形成装置の構造を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the structure of the organization formation apparatus in 8th modification. 第9変形例における組織体形成装置の構造を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the structure of the organization formation apparatus in 9th modification.

図1から図14を参照して組織体形成装置の一実施形態を説明する。
[組織体形成装置]
図1が示すように、組織体形成装置は、生体組織材料の存在する環境に埋設されることによって結合組織体を形成する装置である。上述したように、生体組織材料は、生体に由来する組織を形成するうえで必要な物質である。生体組織材料は、例えば、線維芽細胞、平滑筋細胞、ES細胞、iPS細胞などの動物細胞、コラーゲンやエラスチンなどの各種のタンパク質類、ヒアルロン酸などの糖類、細胞の成長や分化を促進する細胞成長因子、サイトカインなどの生体内に存在する各種の生理活性物質を含む。生体組織材料は、ヒト、イヌ、ウシ、ブタ、ヤギ、ヒツジなどの哺乳類、鳥類、魚類、その他の動物に由来する材料、および、これと同等の人工材料を含む。生体組織材料の存在する環境は、例えば、ヒト、イヌ、ウシ、ブタ、ヤギ、ヒツジなどの哺乳類、鳥類、魚類、その他の動物における生体内であり、四肢部、肩部、背部、腹部などの皮下、および、腹腔である。生体組織材料の存在する環境は、例えば、生体組織材料を含有する人工環境である。
An embodiment of the tissue forming apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 14.
[Tissue formation device]
As shown in FIG. 1, the tissue forming device is a device that forms a connective tissue by being embedded in an environment in which a biological tissue material exists. As described above, the biological tissue material is a substance necessary for forming a tissue derived from a living body. Biological tissue materials include, for example, animal cells such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, ES cells, and iPS cells, various proteins such as collagen and elastin, saccharides such as hyaluronic acid, and cells that promote cell growth and differentiation. It contains various physiologically active substances existing in the living body such as growth factors and cytokines. Biological tissue materials include materials derived from mammals such as humans, dogs, cows, pigs, goats, sheep, birds, fish, and other animals, and equivalent artificial materials. The environment in which the biological tissue material is present is, for example, in vivo in mammals such as humans, dogs, cows, pigs, goats, sheep, birds, fish, and other animals, such as limbs, shoulders, back, and abdomen. Subcutaneous and peritoneal. The environment in which the biological tissue material exists is, for example, an artificial environment containing the biological tissue material.

組織体形成装置は、二重以上の環状を有した1つの筒状部である外装部材10を備える。外装部材10は、第1区画壁の一例であって、上下で分割可能に、上側外装部材20と下側外装部材30とから構成されている。外装部材10の内部には、外装部材10の形状に追従する二重以上の環状を有した環状内装部材40(図4を参照)が収容されている。 The tissue forming apparatus includes an exterior member 10 which is one tubular portion having a double or more annular shape. The exterior member 10 is an example of the first partition wall, and is composed of an upper exterior member 20 and a lower exterior member 30 so as to be divided into upper and lower parts. Inside the exterior member 10, an annular interior member 40 (see FIG. 4) having a double or more annular shape that follows the shape of the exterior member 10 is housed.

上側外装部材20と下側外装部材30とは、水平面に対してほぼ面対称となる形状を有する。上側外装部材20、および下側外装部材30は、例えば、二重以上の環状要素22,32(図2,3を参照)を有した半円筒状を有する。上側外装部材20を構成する材料は、生体組織適合性を有した材料であって、例えば、ステンレス、チタン、チタンニッケル合金、コバルトクロム合金などの金属材料、シリコン、PEEK、アクリル、ナイロン、ポリカーボネート、ポリスルフォン、ポリメチルペンテン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンなどの合成樹脂である。上側外装部材20を構成する材料と、下側外装部材30を構成する材料とは、相互に同じ材料であってもよいし、相互に異なる材料であってもよい。相互に同じ材料から構成される場合には、上側外装部材20と下側外装部材30との親和性を高められるため、上側外装部材20と下側外装部材30との密着性を高めることが可能ともなる。相互に異なる材料から構成される場合には、材料に起因した機能を上側外装部材20と下側外装部材30とに各別に与えることが可能となるため、組織体形成装置の多機能化を図ることが可能ともなる。 The upper exterior member 20 and the lower exterior member 30 have a shape that is substantially plane-symmetric with respect to a horizontal plane. The upper exterior member 20 and the lower exterior member 30 have, for example, a semi-cylindrical shape having double or more annular elements 22, 32 (see FIGS. 2 and 3). The material constituting the upper exterior member 20 is a material having biostructure compatibility, for example, a metal material such as stainless steel, titanium, titanium nickel alloy, cobalt chrome alloy, silicon, PEEK, acrylic, nylon, polycarbonate, etc. It is a synthetic resin such as polysulfone, polymethylpentene, and polytetrafluoroethylene. The material constituting the upper exterior member 20 and the material constituting the lower exterior member 30 may be the same material or different materials from each other. When they are made of the same material, the affinity between the upper exterior member 20 and the lower exterior member 30 can be enhanced, so that the adhesion between the upper exterior member 20 and the lower exterior member 30 can be enhanced. It also becomes. When the materials are composed of different materials, the functions derived from the materials can be given to the upper exterior member 20 and the lower exterior member 30 separately, so that the structure forming apparatus can be made multifunctional. It also becomes possible.

上側外装部材20の外表面である上側外表面20Sは、外装部材10における外表面の一部であって、結合組織体を形成するための空間と、生体組織材料が存在する環境とを区切る区画面の一部である。下側外装部材30の外表面である下側外表面30Sもまた、外装部材10における外表面の一部であって、区画面を構成する面の一部である。上側外表面20S、および下側外表面30Sは、半円筒面状を有して、環状内装部材40の内装表面40S(図4を参照)を覆う。 The upper outer surface 20S, which is the outer surface of the upper exterior member 20, is a part of the outer surface of the exterior member 10 and separates a space for forming a connective tissue and an environment in which a biological tissue material exists. It is a part of the screen. The lower outer surface 30S, which is the outer surface of the lower exterior member 30, is also a part of the outer surface of the exterior member 10 and is a part of the surface constituting the ward screen. The upper outer surface 20S and the lower outer surface 30S have a semi-cylindrical surface shape and cover the interior surface 40S (see FIG. 4) of the annular interior member 40.

上側外装部材20は、上側外装部材20の最外周に上側環状フランジ20Fを備える。上側環状フランジ20Fは、上側外装部材20の全周にわたり位置する。下側外装部材30もまた、下側外装部材30の最外周に下側環状フランジ30Fを備える。下側環状フランジ30Fは、下側外装部材30の全周にわたり位置する。上側環状フランジ20F、および下側環状フランジ30Fは、上側外装部材20の端部と下側外装部材30の端部とが形成する外装部材10の端部段差を緩和して、組織体形成装置の埋設、組織体形成装置の留置、組織体形成装置の取り出しにおいて、段差に起因して生じ得る手間を軽減する。 The upper exterior member 20 includes an upper annular flange 20F on the outermost circumference of the upper exterior member 20. The upper annular flange 20F is located over the entire circumference of the upper exterior member 20. The lower exterior member 30 also includes a lower annular flange 30F on the outermost circumference of the lower exterior member 30. The lower annular flange 30F is located over the entire circumference of the lower exterior member 30. The upper annular flange 20F and the lower annular flange 30F alleviate the step at the end of the exterior member 10 formed by the end of the upper exterior member 20 and the end of the lower exterior member 30, and the structure forming apparatus. In burying, indwelling the tissue forming device, and taking out the tissue forming device, the time and effort that may occur due to the step is reduced.

図2が示すように、上側外装部材20の内面22Sは、上側外装部材20の延在方向に延びる半円筒面である。上側外装部材20は、上側外装部材20の延在方向における両端部20Eに、環状内装部材40の端部を支持するための凹部である上側嵌合部23を備える。上側嵌合部23は、内装表面40Sから上側外装部材20の内面22Sを離間させるように、環状内装部材40の端部を支持する。環状内装部材40の端部が上側嵌合部23に嵌められることによって、両端部20Eの間では、上側外装部材20の内面22Sと内装表面40Sとの間に隙間が形成される。 As shown in FIG. 2, the inner surface 22S of the upper exterior member 20 is a semi-cylindrical surface extending in the extending direction of the upper exterior member 20. The upper exterior member 20 includes upper fitting portions 23, which are recesses for supporting the end portions of the annular interior member 40, at both end portions 20E of the upper exterior member 20 in the extending direction. The upper fitting portion 23 supports the end portion of the annular interior member 40 so as to separate the inner surface 22S of the upper exterior member 20 from the interior surface 40S. By fitting the end portion of the annular interior member 40 into the upper fitting portion 23, a gap is formed between the both end portions 20E between the inner surface 22S of the upper exterior member 20 and the interior surface 40S.

上側外装部材20は、第1貫通孔の一例である複数の上側貫通孔20Hを備える。上側貫通孔20Hは、上側外装部材20の外側と、環状内装部材40の内装表面40S(図4を参照)との間を連通する。上側貫通孔20Hは、上側外表面20Sに開口する上側開口を有する。上側開口は、例えば、正方形孔状を有して、半円筒面状を有した上側外装部材20の表面全体にわたり、上側外装部材20の延在方向、および、周方向に配置されている。上側外表面20Sにおいて上側開口を区切る外形線は、開口縁の一例である上側区画線20Lである。上側貫通孔20Hが正方形孔状を有するとき、上側区画線20Lは、ほぼ正方形状を有する。 The upper exterior member 20 includes a plurality of upper through holes 20H, which is an example of the first through hole. The upper through hole 20H communicates between the outside of the upper exterior member 20 and the interior surface 40S (see FIG. 4) of the annular interior member 40. The upper through hole 20H has an upper opening that opens to the upper outer surface 20S. The upper opening is arranged, for example, in the extending direction and the circumferential direction of the upper exterior member 20 over the entire surface of the upper exterior member 20 having a square hole shape and a semi-cylindrical surface shape. The outer line that separates the upper opening on the upper outer surface 20S is the upper marking line 20L, which is an example of the opening edge. When the upper through hole 20H has a square hole shape, the upper marking line 20L has a substantially square shape.

図3が示すように、下側外装部材30の内面32Sは、下側外装部材30の延在方向に延びる半円筒面である。下側外装部材30は、下側外装部材30の延在方向における両端部30Eに、環状内装部材40の端部を支持するための凹部である下側嵌合部33を備える。下側嵌合部33は、内装表面40Sから下側外装部材30の内面32Sを離間させるように、環状内装部材40の端部を支持する。環状内装部材40の端部が下側嵌合部33に嵌められることによって、両端部30Eの間では、下側外装部材30の内面32Sと内装表面40Sとの間に隙間が形成される。 As shown in FIG. 3, the inner surface 32S of the lower exterior member 30 is a semi-cylindrical surface extending in the extending direction of the lower exterior member 30. The lower exterior member 30 includes lower fitting portions 33, which are recesses for supporting the end portions of the annular interior member 40, at both end portions 30E of the lower exterior member 30 in the extending direction. The lower fitting portion 33 supports the end portion of the annular interior member 40 so as to separate the inner surface 32S of the lower exterior member 30 from the interior surface 40S. By fitting the end portion of the annular interior member 40 into the lower fitting portion 33, a gap is formed between the both end portions 30E between the inner surface 32S of the lower exterior member 30 and the interior surface 40S.

下側外装部材30は、貫通孔の一例である複数の下側貫通孔30Hを備える。下側貫通孔30Hは、下側外装部材30の外側と、環状内装部材40の内装表面40Sとの間を連通する。下側貫通孔30Hは、下側外表面30Sに開口する下側開口を有する。下側開口は、例えば、正方形孔状を有して、半円筒面状を有した下側外装部材30の表面全体にわたり、下側外装部材30の延在方向、および、周方向に配置されている。下側外表面30Sにおいて下側開口を区切る外形線は、開口縁の一例である下側区画線30Lである。下側貫通孔30Hが正方形孔状を有するとき、下側区画線30Lは、ほぼ正方形状を有する。 The lower exterior member 30 includes a plurality of lower through holes 30H, which is an example of through holes. The lower through hole 30H communicates between the outside of the lower exterior member 30 and the interior surface 40S of the annular interior member 40. The lower through hole 30H has a lower opening that opens to the lower outer surface 30S. The lower opening is arranged, for example, in the extending direction and the circumferential direction of the lower exterior member 30 over the entire surface of the lower exterior member 30 having a square hole shape and a semi-cylindrical surface shape. There is. The outer line that separates the lower opening on the lower outer surface 30S is the lower marking line 30L, which is an example of the opening edge. When the lower through hole 30H has a square hole shape, the lower marking line 30L has a substantially square shape.

二重以上の環状を有した外装部材10では、二周分以上の環状要素22,32が径方向において隙間を空けて連なる。単一の環状要素22,32と、当該環状要素22,32と隣り合う他の環状要素22,32とは、環状要素22,32の径方向に0.5mm以上の間隔を空けている。相互に隣り合う環状要素22,32が0.5mm以上の間隔を空けることによって、環状要素22,32の間隙に侵入した生体組織材料が当該間隙を不要に塞ぐことが抑えられる。 In the exterior member 10 having a double or more annular shape, the annular elements 22 and 32 having two or more rounds are connected with a gap in the radial direction. The single annular elements 22 and 32 and the other annular elements 22 and 32 adjacent to the annular elements 22 and 32 are spaced by 0.5 mm or more in the radial direction of the annular elements 22 and 32. By leaving a space of 0.5 mm or more between the annular elements 22 and 32 adjacent to each other, it is possible to prevent the biological tissue material that has invaded the gap between the annular elements 22 and 32 from unnecessarily closing the gap.

図4が示すように、環状内装部材40は、二重以上の環状を有した円柱体であり、環状内装部材40の延在方向における両端部に、被支持部40Eを備える。環状内装部材40の有する内装表面40Sと、上側外装部材20の内面22Sとの距離は、被支持部40Eが上側嵌合部23に嵌め込まれることによって定められる。環状内装部材40の有する内装表面40Sと、下側外装部材30の内面32Sとの距離もまた、被支持部40Eが下側嵌合部33に嵌め込まれることによって定められる。 As shown in FIG. 4, the annular interior member 40 is a cylindrical body having a double or more annular shape, and is provided with supported portions 40E at both ends of the annular interior member 40 in the extending direction. The distance between the interior surface 40S of the annular interior member 40 and the inner surface 22S of the upper exterior member 20 is determined by fitting the supported portion 40E into the upper fitting portion 23. The distance between the interior surface 40S of the annular interior member 40 and the inner surface 32S of the lower exterior member 30 is also determined by fitting the supported portion 40E into the lower fitting portion 33.

上側外装部材20の内面22Sと内装表面40Sとの間の隙間、および下側外装部材30の内面32Sと内装表面40Sとの間の隙間は、結合組織体を形成するための円筒状の空間である組織体形成空間である。各外装部材20,30の径方向における組織体形成空間の長さは、相互にほぼ等しく、かつ、組織体形成空間の厚さである。組織体形成空間の厚さは、組織体形成空間に満たされる結合組織体の厚さでもある。組織体形成空間の厚さは、結合組織体に求められる厚さに相当する大きさを有する。結合組織体は、真皮、血管、軟骨膜などの交織線維性結合組織体、および腱、靱帯、角膜、筋膜などの平行線維性結合組織体を含む。組織体形成空間の厚さは、例えば、0.5mm以上5mm以下である。 The gap between the inner surface 22S of the upper exterior member 20 and the interior surface 40S and the gap between the inner surface 32S of the lower exterior member 30 and the interior surface 40S are cylindrical spaces for forming a connective tissue. It is a certain tissue formation space. The lengths of the tissue-forming spaces in the radial direction of the exterior members 20 and 30 are substantially equal to each other and are the thickness of the tissue-forming spaces. The thickness of the tissue-forming space is also the thickness of the connective tissue that fills the tissue-forming space. The thickness of the tissue formation space has a size corresponding to the thickness required for the connective tissue. Connective tissue includes interwoven fibrous connective tissue such as dermis, blood vessels and perichondrium, and parallel fibrous connective tissue such as tendons, ligaments, cornea and fascia. The thickness of the tissue formation space is, for example, 0.5 mm or more and 5 mm or less.

上側外装部材20の厚さ、および下側外装部材30の厚さは、外装部材20の径方向における厚さである。上側外装部材20の厚さは、上側開口の深さである。下側外装部材30の厚さは、下側開口の深さである。各開口の深さは、外装部材10の機械的な強度を得られる範囲において、2.0mm以下であることが好ましく、薄い方が好ましい。各開口の深さが2.0mm以下であれば、各開口から侵入した生体組織材料が貫通孔20H,30Hの内部で留まることを抑えることが容易でもある。
組織体形成空間の厚さが0.5mm以上であれば、組織体形成空間に侵入した生体組織材料が間隙内を広がる途中で留まること、ひいては、生体組織材料が広がるための通路を生体組織材料が塞いでしまうことを抑えることが容易となる。組織体形成空間の厚さが5mm以下であれば、組織体形成空間のなかに結合組織体で埋められない部位が形成されることを抑えることが容易となる。
The thickness of the upper exterior member 20 and the thickness of the lower exterior member 30 are the thicknesses of the exterior member 20 in the radial direction. The thickness of the upper exterior member 20 is the depth of the upper opening. The thickness of the lower exterior member 30 is the depth of the lower opening. The depth of each opening is preferably 2.0 mm or less, and preferably thin, as long as the mechanical strength of the exterior member 10 can be obtained. When the depth of each opening is 2.0 mm or less, it is easy to prevent the biological tissue material invading from each opening from staying inside the through holes 20H and 30H.
If the thickness of the tissue formation space is 0.5 mm or more, the biological tissue material that has invaded the tissue formation space stays in the middle of expanding in the gap, and by extension, the biological tissue material provides a passage for the biological tissue material to spread. It becomes easy to prevent the blockage. When the thickness of the tissue formation space is 5 mm or less, it becomes easy to suppress the formation of a portion of the tissue formation space that cannot be filled with connective tissue.

[結合組織体の形成方法]
次に、上述した組織体形成装置を用いる結合組織体の形成方法を説明する。生体組織材料の存在する環境は、例えば、ヒト、イヌ、ウシ、ブタ、ヤギ、ヒツジなどの哺乳類、鳥類、魚類、その他の動物における生体内であり、四肢部、肩部、背部、腹部などの皮下、および、腹腔である。また、生体組織材料の存在する環境は、例えば、生体組織材料を含む人工環境である。組織体形成装置を生体内に埋設する場合、まず、十分な麻酔下において最小限の切開術が生体に施される。そして、組織体形成装置が埋設された後に傷口の縫合が施される。
[Method of forming connective tissue]
Next, a method of forming a connective tissue using the above-mentioned tissue forming apparatus will be described. The environment in which the biological tissue material is present is, for example, in vivo in mammals such as humans, dogs, cows, pigs, goats, sheep, birds, fish, and other animals, such as limbs, shoulders, back, and abdomen. Subcutaneous and peritoneal. Further, the environment in which the biological tissue material exists is, for example, an artificial environment containing the biological tissue material. When implanting a tissue-forming device in a living body, first, a minimum incision is performed in the living body under sufficient anesthesia. Then, after the tissue forming device is embedded, the wound is sutured.

生体内に埋設された組織体形成装置において、上側外装部材20の上側外表面20Sや下側外装部材30の下側外表面30Sに結合組織体が形成され、また、上側開口、および、下側開口を通じて、組織体形成空間に生体組織材料が侵入する。そして、組織体形成空間に侵入した生体組織材料が、組織体形成空間を満たすような結合組織体を形成する。この際、組織体形成装置の外側と組織体形成空間とを連通する通路が貫通孔20H,30Hによって構成されるため、また、貫通孔20H,30Hの開口縁が異物として認識されやすいため、組織体形成空間において結合組織体を形成するための期間を短くすることが可能となる。 In the tissue forming apparatus embedded in the living body, connective tissue is formed on the upper outer surface 20S of the upper exterior member 20 and the lower outer surface 30S of the lower exterior member 30, and the upper opening and the lower side are formed. The biological tissue material invades the tissue formation space through the opening. Then, the living tissue material that has invaded the tissue formation space forms a connective tissue that fills the tissue formation space. At this time, since the passage connecting the outside of the tissue forming apparatus and the tissue forming space is formed by the through holes 20H and 30H, and the opening edges of the through holes 20H and 30H are easily recognized as foreign substances, the tissue is formed. It is possible to shorten the period for forming connective tissue in the body formation space.

生体組織材料の存在する環境に埋設された組織体形成装置は、結合組織体が形成される期間である所定の埋設期間が経過した後に、その環境から取り出される。組織体形成装置を生体内から取り出す場合、まず、十分な麻酔下において最小限の切開術が生体に施される。そして、組織体形成装置が取り出された後に傷口の縫合が施される。 The tissue forming apparatus embedded in the environment in which the biological tissue material is present is taken out from the environment after a predetermined burying period, which is the period during which the connective tissue is formed, has elapsed. When removing the tissue-forming device from the living body, first, a minimum incision is performed on the living body under sufficient anesthesia. Then, after the tissue forming device is taken out, the wound is sutured.

組織体形成装置を用いて形成された結合組織体は、組織体形成空間の形状に追従した筒状を有する。結合組織体が有する内周面は、内装表面40Sに追従する形状を有する。結合組織体が有する内径は、環状内装部材40の外径に相当する。結合組織体が有する外表面は、上側外装部材20の内面22Sや下側外装部材30の内面32Sに追従する形状を有する。結合組織体が有する外径は、上側外装部材20の内径や下側外装部材30の内径に相当する。そして、結合組織体の外表面は、貫通孔20H,30Hに追従した微細な凹凸形状を備える。 The connective tissue formed by using the tissue forming apparatus has a tubular shape that follows the shape of the tissue forming space. The inner peripheral surface of the connective tissue has a shape that follows the interior surface 40S. The inner diameter of the connective tissue corresponds to the outer diameter of the annular interior member 40. The outer surface of the connective tissue has a shape that follows the inner surface 22S of the upper exterior member 20 and the inner surface 32S of the lower exterior member 30. The outer diameter of the connective tissue corresponds to the inner diameter of the upper exterior member 20 and the inner diameter of the lower exterior member 30. The outer surface of the connective tissue has a fine uneven shape that follows the through holes 20H and 30H.

なお、組織体形成装置を用いて形成された結合組織体は、それが異種移植に用いられる場合、移植後の拒絶反応を抑えるために、脱細胞処理、脱水処理、固定処理などの免疫源除去処理を施されることが好ましい。脱細胞処理は、例えば、超音波処理、界面活性剤処理、コラゲナーゼなどの酵素処理によって細胞外マトリックスを溶出させて洗浄する処理などである。脱水処理は、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコールなどの水溶性有機溶媒によって結合組織体を洗浄する処理である。固定処理は、グルタアルデヒドやホルムアルデヒドなどのアルデヒド化合物に結合組織体を浸積する処理である。 When the connective tissue formed by using the tissue forming apparatus is used for xenotransplantation, the immune source is removed by decellularization treatment, dehydration treatment, fixation treatment, etc. in order to suppress rejection after transplantation. It is preferable to be treated. The decellularization treatment includes, for example, ultrasonic treatment, surfactant treatment, and treatment of eluting and washing the extracellular matrix by enzymatic treatment such as collagenase. The dehydration treatment is a treatment for washing the connective tissue with a water-soluble organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. The fixation treatment is a treatment of implanting connective tissue in an aldehyde compound such as glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde.

[開口占有率と区画面密度]
外装部材10が満たす各種の寸法条件を以下に説明する。図5は、外装部材10の外表面を外装部材10の延在方向に沿って切り開いて示す展開図であり、外装部材10の外表面のなかで2行×2列の開口が並ぶ部分を示す。
[Aperture occupancy and ward screen density]
Various dimensional conditions satisfied by the exterior member 10 will be described below. FIG. 5 is a developed view showing the outer surface of the exterior member 10 cut open along the extending direction of the exterior member 10, and shows a portion of the outer surface of the exterior member 10 in which openings of 2 rows × 2 columns are lined up. ..

図5が示すように、貫通孔20H,30Hの開口は、正方形状の領域であり、開口の中心と正方格子の格子点とがほぼ一致するように配置されている。各開口における外装部材10の延在方向での長さは、開口の一辺の長さである開口寸法2Lである。外装部材10の延在方向と直交する方向は、外装部材10の周方向である。各開口における外装部材10の周方向での長さは、開口の他辺の長さである開口寸法2Wである。 As shown in FIG. 5, the openings of the through holes 20H and 30H are square regions, and are arranged so that the center of the openings and the grid points of the square lattice substantially coincide with each other. The length of the exterior member 10 in each opening in the extending direction is the opening dimension 2L, which is the length of one side of the opening. The direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the exterior member 10 is the circumferential direction of the exterior member 10. The length of the exterior member 10 in each opening in the circumferential direction is the opening dimension 2W, which is the length of the other side of the opening.

各開口は、外装部材10の延在方向において、開口間寸法2LPを空けて配置されている。開口間寸法2LPは、貫通孔の間の長さの一例であり、外装部材10の延在方向において相互に隣り合う開口の間での最短距離である。各開口は、外装部材10の周方向において、開口間寸法2WPを空けて配置されている。開口間寸法2WPもまた、貫通孔の間の長さの一例であり、外装部材10の周方向において相互に隣り合う開口の間での最短距離である。 Each opening is arranged with an inter-opening dimension of 2LP in the extending direction of the exterior member 10. The inter-opening dimension 2LP is an example of the length between the through holes, and is the shortest distance between the openings adjacent to each other in the extending direction of the exterior member 10. Each opening is arranged with an inter-opening dimension of 2 WP in the circumferential direction of the exterior member 10. The opening dimension 2WP is also an example of the length between through holes, and is the shortest distance between openings adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the exterior member 10.

外装部材10の外表面において単位領域が有する面積は、外装部材10の単位面積である。単位領域内に占める開口の総面積は、開口が定める開口面積である。外装部材10の単位面積に対する開口面積の割合は、開口占有率(%)である。単位領域内に存在する区画線20L,30Lの総長さは、開口の面密度である。開口の面密度を外装部材10の単位面積で除算した値は、区画面密度(/mm)である。 The area of the unit area on the outer surface of the exterior member 10 is the unit area of the exterior member 10. The total area of the openings in the unit area is the opening area defined by the openings. The ratio of the opening area to the unit area of the exterior member 10 is the opening occupancy rate (%). The total length of the marking lines 20L and 30L existing in the unit area is the surface density of the opening. The value obtained by dividing the surface density of the opening by the unit area of the exterior member 10 is the area screen density (/ mm).

外装部材10の外表面における単位領域は、例えば、外表面における繰り返し単位である。外装部材10の外表面における単位領域の一例は、4つの開口とその周囲とを含む領域である。なお、外装部材10の外表面における単位領域は、1つの開口とその周囲とを含む領域であってもよいし、一まとまりとなる開口とその周囲とを含む領域であってもよいし、予め設定された矩形領域であってもよい。単位領域が開口とは関係なく繰り返される所定の領域である場合、上述した開口占有率、および区画面密度は、全ての単位領域における開口占有率の平均値、および全ての単位領域における区画面密度の平均値である。 The unit region on the outer surface of the exterior member 10 is, for example, a repeating unit on the outer surface. An example of a unit region on the outer surface of the exterior member 10 is a region including four openings and their surroundings. The unit region on the outer surface of the exterior member 10 may be a region including one opening and its surroundings, a region including a group of openings and its surroundings, or a region including the surroundings in advance. It may be a set rectangular area. When the unit area is a predetermined area that is repeated regardless of the opening, the above-mentioned opening occupancy and the area screen density are the average value of the opening occupancy in all the unit areas and the area screen density in all the unit areas. Is the average value of.

開口寸法2L、開口寸法2W、開口間寸法2LP、開口間寸法2WP、開口占有率、および区画面密度は、下記条件1から条件4を満たす。
(条件1)開口寸法2L,2W :0.02mm以上2.5mm以下
(条件2)開口間寸法2LP,2WP :0.5mm以上
(条件3)開口占有率 :4%以上70%以下
(条件4)区画面密度 :0.9/mm以上
開口寸法2L,2Wは、0.02mm以上2.5mm以下である。結合組織体を形成するための生体組織材料が通過しえる各開口の最小寸法は、0.01mm程度であるから、開口寸法2L,2Wが、0.02mm以上であれば、結合組織体を形成するための生体組織材料が開口を十分に通過しえる。開口寸法2L,2Wが、2.5mm以下であれば、貫通孔20H,30Hの形状に追従した突部の大きさを小さくすることが可能であるから、組織体形成装置の内部に形成された結合組織体が開口を通じて生体組織材料が存在する環境にまで広がることが抑えられる。これにより、生体組織材料が存在する環境から組織体形成装置を取り出すことが容易であり、また、組織体形成装置から結合組織体を剥がすことが容易となる。また、結合組織体における表面の平坦性を高めたり、組織体形成装置の形状に追従した環形状の結合組織体において、結合組織体の形状を直線状などの別の形状に変えがたい癖が付くことを抑えたりすることが可能ともなる。
The opening size 2L, the opening size 2W, the opening size 2LP, the opening size 2WP, the opening occupancy rate, and the ward screen density satisfy the following conditions 1 to 4.
(Condition 1) Aperture dimensions 2L, 2W: 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less (Condition 2) Aperture dimensions 2LP, 2WP: 0.5 mm or more (Condition 3) Aperture occupancy: 4% or more and 70% or less (Condition 4) ) Screen density: 0.9 / mm or more The opening dimensions 2L and 2W are 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. Since the minimum size of each opening through which the biological tissue material for forming the connective tissue can pass is about 0.01 mm, if the opening dimensions 2L and 2W are 0.02 mm or more, the connective tissue is formed. The biotissue material to be used can sufficiently pass through the opening. When the opening dimensions 2L and 2W are 2.5 mm or less, the size of the protrusions that follow the shapes of the through holes 20H and 30H can be reduced, so that the protrusions are formed inside the tissue forming apparatus. The connective tissue is prevented from spreading through the opening to the environment in which the biological tissue material is present. As a result, it becomes easy to take out the tissue forming apparatus from the environment in which the biological tissue material exists, and it becomes easy to peel off the connective tissue from the tissue forming apparatus. In addition, there is a habit of improving the flatness of the surface of the connective tissue and making it difficult to change the shape of the connective tissue to another shape such as linear in the ring-shaped connective tissue that follows the shape of the connective tissue forming device. It is also possible to suppress sticking.

開口間寸法2LP,2WPは、0.5mm以上である。開口間寸法2LP,2WPが0.5mm以上であれば、当該間隔が0.5mm未満である場合と比べて、外装部材10の内部に生体組織材料が侵入しにくい。一方で、図6が示すように、1つの開口と他の開口との間に位置する構造体において、1つの開口の縁EAと他の開口の縁EBとを別々の起点として結合組織体の形成を促すことが可能となる。 The inter-opening dimensions 2LP and 2WP are 0.5 mm or more. When the inter-opening dimensions 2LP and 2WP are 0.5 mm or more, the biological tissue material is less likely to penetrate into the exterior member 10 as compared with the case where the distance is less than 0.5 mm. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, in a structure located between one opening and another opening, the connective tissue has the edge EA of one opening and the edge EB of the other opening as separate starting points. It becomes possible to promote the formation.

すなわち、生体組織材料の存在する環境に埋設された組織体形成装置においては、外装部材10と環状内装部材40との間隙である組織体形成空間に、各開口を通じて生体組織材料が入る。この際、組織体形成空間のなかで各開口の縁EA,EBに相当する部位は、生体組織材料が異物として特に認識されやすい部位であり、結合体形成装置のなかでは、自己防衛機能の発しやすさの度合いを定める。そして、開口間寸法2LPや開口間寸法2WPが0.5mm以上を満たすような開口の配置であれば、開口の縁EA,EBに相当する部位が異物であると生体組織材料が認識することができて、結合組織体である突状組織体MBが開口の縁EA,EBから組織体形成空間内に向けて別々に形成されはじめる。これにより、開口間に位置する1つの構造体から2つの突状組織体MBを形成しはじめることが可能となる。言い換えれば、開口間寸法2LP,2WPが0.5mm以上であれば、組織体形成空間に面する開口の縁において、生体組織材料に自己防衛機能を発揮させて、組織体形成空間に面する開口の縁から結合組織体の形成を促しやすくなる。 That is, in the tissue forming apparatus embedded in the environment in which the living tissue material exists, the living tissue material enters the tissue forming space which is the gap between the exterior member 10 and the annular interior member 40 through each opening. At this time, the parts corresponding to the edges EA and EB of each opening in the tissue formation space are the parts where the biological tissue material is particularly easily recognized as a foreign substance, and the self-defense function is emitted in the bond forming device. Determine the degree of ease. Then, if the openings are arranged so that the inter-opening dimension 2LP and the inter-opening dimension 2WP satisfy 0.5 mm or more, the biological tissue material may recognize that the portions corresponding to the edges EA and EB of the openings are foreign substances. As a result, the connective tissue MB, which is a connective tissue, begins to be formed separately from the edges EA and EB of the opening toward the tissue formation space. This makes it possible to start forming two projecting structure MBs from one structure located between the openings. In other words, if the inter-opening dimensions 2LP and 2WP are 0.5 mm or more, the living tissue material exerts a self-defense function at the edge of the opening facing the tissue-forming space, and the opening facing the tissue-forming space. It is easy to promote the formation of connective tissue from the edge of the body.

組織体形成装置における開口占有率は、4%以上70%以下である。すなわち、全ての開口が有する面積の合計は、外装部材10の外表面が有する面積の4%以上70%以下である。組織体形成装置における区画面密度は、0.9/mm以上である。条件1,2が満たされる装置において、開口占有率が4%以上、かつ区画面密度が0.9/mm以上であれば、結合組織体の厚さが均一となることを可能にするほどに結合組織体が形成されはじめる起点を多く確保することができる。また、開口の大きさが小さくとも、開口の数量を多くすることが可能となる。組織体形成装置における結合組織体の形成は、組織体形成装置の外側と組織体形成装置の内側との両方で競争して起こりえる。開口の数量が少なく、かつ貫通孔20H,30H間の長さが大きすぎる場合には、組織体形成装置の外側がコラーゲン膜で覆われやすく、組織体形成装置の内側が結合組織体によって埋められる前に、小さい開口がコラーゲン膜で閉ざされてしまう。一方で、開口の大きさが小さくとも、開口の数量が多ければ、貫通孔の間の長さが短い分だけコラーゲン膜の形成を遅らせて、組織体形成装置の内側が結合組織体によって埋められる前に開口が閉ざされてしまうことが抑えられる。 The opening occupancy rate in the tissue forming apparatus is 4% or more and 70% or less. That is, the total area of all the openings is 4% or more and 70% or less of the area of the outer surface of the exterior member 10. The plot screen density in the tissue forming apparatus is 0.9 / mm or more. In an apparatus that satisfies conditions 1 and 2, if the opening occupancy is 4% or more and the screen density is 0.9 / mm or more, the thickness of the connective tissue can be made uniform. It is possible to secure many starting points at which connective tissue begins to form. Further, even if the size of the opening is small, the number of openings can be increased. The formation of connective tissue in the tissue-forming device can occur competitively both outside the tissue-forming device and inside the tissue-forming device. When the number of openings is small and the length between the through holes 20H and 30H is too large, the outside of the tissue forming apparatus is easily covered with the collagen membrane, and the inside of the tissue forming apparatus is filled with connective tissue. Previously, a small opening was closed with a collagen membrane. On the other hand, even if the size of the openings is small, if the number of openings is large, the formation of the collagen membrane is delayed by the short length between the through holes, and the inside of the tissue forming apparatus is filled with connective tissue. It is possible to prevent the opening from being closed before.

また、開口占有率が70%以下、かつ区画面密度が0.9/mm以上であれば、開口が大きいことに起因して外装部材10が変形すること、および結合組織体において開口と対向する部位に窪みが形成されることが抑えられる。加えて、開口占有率が70%以下、かつ区画面密度が0.9/mm以上であれば、開口が大きいことに起因して、生体組織材料が存在する環境から組織体形成装置が取り出しにくいこと、組織体形成装置の取り出しや結合組織体の取り出しに際して結合組織体を傷つけることを抑えることが可能となる。 Further, if the opening occupancy rate is 70% or less and the screen density is 0.9 / mm or more, the exterior member 10 is deformed due to the large opening, and the connective tissue faces the opening. The formation of dents in the site is suppressed. In addition, if the opening occupancy rate is 70% or less and the plot screen density is 0.9 / mm or more, it is difficult to remove the tissue forming apparatus from the environment in which the biological tissue material exists due to the large opening. In other words, it is possible to suppress damage to the connective tissue when taking out the tissue forming apparatus or taking out the connective tissue.

結果として、条件1から条件4を満たす構成であれば、組織体形成装置による結合組織体の形成において、(i)開口における生体組織材料の通りやすさのみならず、(ii)組織体形成空間での生体組織材料における自己防衛機能の発しやすさが反映される。加えて、生体組織材料が存在する環境から組織体形成装置と結合組織体とを取り出しやすくすること、また組織体形成装置から結合組織体を取り出しやすくすることが可能となる。そして、構造上の精度が高められた結合組織体を組織体形成装置が埋設される期間の長期化を抑えて形成すること、およびその組織体形成装置の取り扱い性を向上することができる。 As a result, if the configurations satisfy the conditions 1 to 4, in the formation of the connective tissue by the tissue forming apparatus, not only (i) the ease of passage of the biological tissue material in the opening but also (ii) the tissue forming space It reflects the ease with which the self-defense function is generated in the biological tissue material in. In addition, it is possible to facilitate the removal of the tissue forming apparatus and the connective tissue from the environment in which the biological tissue material is present, and to facilitate the removal of the connective tissue from the tissue forming apparatus. Then, it is possible to form a connective tissue with improved structural accuracy while suppressing a long period of time in which the tissue forming apparatus is embedded, and to improve the handleability of the tissue forming apparatus.

ここで、条件1,4を満たさない大きな開口を区切る貫通孔20BH,30BHを備える場合での結合組織体の取り出しを、図7から図10を参照して説明し、条件1から条件4を満たす場合での結合組織体の取り出しを、図11から図13を参照して説明し、上述した取り扱い性の向上をこれらの比較に基づいて説明する。 Here, the take-out of the connective tissue in the case of providing the through holes 20BH and 30BH that divide the large openings that do not satisfy the conditions 1 and 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 10, and the conditions 1 to 4 will be satisfied. The removal of connective tissue in the case will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13, and the above-mentioned improvement in handleability will be described based on these comparisons.

図7が示すように、条件1,4を満たさない組織体形成装置でも、外装部材20B,30Bと環状内装部材40との間には、結合組織体Mが形成される。ただし、条件1,4を満たさない組織体形成装置では、組織体形成装置の内側が仮に結合組織体で埋められるとしても、貫通孔20BH,30BHの間の長さが大きすぎることに起因して、組織体形成装置の外側にも、結合組織体Mが厚く形成される。この際、組織体形成装置の外側に位置する厚い結合組織体Mには、比較的に太い血管CPが形成され、組織体形成装置の内側には、比較的に細い血管CPが形成される。 As shown in FIG. 7, a connective tissue M is formed between the exterior members 20B and 30B and the annular interior member 40 even in the tissue forming apparatus that does not satisfy the conditions 1 and 4. However, in the tissue forming apparatus that does not satisfy the conditions 1 and 4, even if the inside of the tissue forming apparatus is filled with the connective tissue, the length between the through holes 20BH and 30BH is too large. , The connective tissue M is also thickly formed on the outside of the tissue forming apparatus. At this time, a relatively thick blood vessel CP is formed in the thick connective tissue M located outside the tissue forming device, and a relatively thin blood vessel CP is formed inside the tissue forming device.

組織体形成装置の外側に位置する厚い結合組織体Mや、条件1,4を満たさない大きな開口を埋める結合組織体Mは、生体組織材料が存在する環境MAと、組織体形成装置の内側に位置する結合組織体Mとの間に、強固な結合を形成してしまう。結果として、生体組織材料が存在する環境MAから組織体形成装置を取り出すときには、図8が示すように、組織体形成装置の内側に位置する結合組織体Mの一部が、開口を通じて、組織体形成装置の外側に引きちぎられて、結合組織体Mに大きな切断痕MGを残してしまう。しかも、組織体形成装置の外側に位置する結合組織体Mでは、結合組織体Mが厚い分だけ、比較的に太い血管CPが位置しやすい。そして、組織体形成装置の取り出しに際しては、太い血管CPが切断されることによって、出血量も多くなってしまう。 The thick connective tissue M located outside the tissue forming apparatus and the connective tissue M filling a large opening that does not satisfy conditions 1 and 4 are located inside the environment MA in which the biological tissue material is present and inside the tissue forming apparatus. A strong bond is formed with the connective tissue M located. As a result, when the tissue-forming apparatus is removed from the environment MA in which the biological tissue material is present, as shown in FIG. 8, a part of the connective tissue M located inside the tissue-forming apparatus is exposed to the tissue through the opening. It is torn to the outside of the forming device, leaving a large cut mark MG on the connective tissue M. Moreover, in the connective tissue M located outside the tissue forming apparatus, a relatively thick blood vessel CP is likely to be located because the connective tissue M is thick. Then, when the tissue forming apparatus is taken out, the large blood vessel CP is cut, so that the amount of bleeding also increases.

なお、図9が示すように、組織体形成装置の外表面に沿って切断刃を移動させて、組織体形成装置を取り出したり、組織体形成装置の外表面に位置する厚い結合組織体を切断刃で取り除いたりすることも可能ではある。しかし、図10が示すように、このように取り出された結合組織体では、開口を埋めるような大きな突状体MDが結合組織体の表面に残ってしまう。結果として、組織体形成装置の形状に追従した環形状を直線状などの別の形状に変えがたい癖が結合組織体に残ったり、結合組織体における表面の平坦性を高めるための別途の加工が強いられたりする。 As shown in FIG. 9, the cutting blade is moved along the outer surface of the tissue forming device to take out the tissue forming device or cut a thick connective tissue located on the outer surface of the tissue forming device. It can also be removed with a blade. However, as shown in FIG. 10, in the connective tissue taken out in this way, a large projecting MD that fills the opening remains on the surface of the connective tissue. As a result, the connective tissue has a habit of being difficult to change from a ring shape that follows the shape of the tissue forming device to another shape such as a straight line, or a separate process for improving the flatness of the surface of the connective tissue. Is forced.

これに対して、図11が示すように、条件1から条件4を満たす組織体形成装置では、小さい開口が数多く位置するため、組織体形成装置の外側で結合組織体の形成が進みにくく、組織体形成装置の外側に結合組織体Mが形成されることが抑えられる。また、組織体形成装置の外側に結合組織体が形成される結合組織体の厚さは薄く、組織体形成装置の外側に位置する薄い結合組織体M、および組織体形成装置の内側に位置する結合組織体Mには、比較的に細い血管CPのみが形成される。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11, in the tissue forming apparatus satisfying the conditions 1 to 4, since many small openings are located, the formation of connective tissue is difficult to proceed outside the tissue forming apparatus, and the tissue is formed. The formation of connective tissue M on the outside of the body forming apparatus is suppressed. Further, the thickness of the connective tissue in which the connective tissue is formed on the outside of the tissue forming device is thin, and the thin connective tissue M located on the outside of the connective tissue forming device and the connective tissue M located on the inside of the tissue forming device are located inside. Only relatively thin blood vessels CP are formed in connective tissue M.

組織体形成装置の外側に位置する薄い結合組織体Mや、条件1から条件4を満たすような小さな開口を埋める結合組織体は、生体組織材料が存在する環境MAと、組織体形成装置の内側に位置する結合組織体Mとの間に、強固な結合を形成しがたい。結果として、生体組織材料が存在する環境MAから組織体形成装置を取り出すときには、図12が示すように、組織体形成装置の内側を埋める結合組織体が組織体形成装置の外側には引っ張られにくく、組織体形成装置の内外に位置する結合組織体Mが開口で切断されて、組織体形成装置が円滑に取り出される。また、組織体形成装置の外側に位置する結合組織体Mが薄い分だけ、比較的に細い血管CPのみが切断されて、埋設対象での出血量も抑えられる。 The thin connective tissue M located outside the tissue forming apparatus and the connective tissue filling a small opening satisfying conditions 1 to 4 are the environment MA in which the biological tissue material is present and the inside of the tissue forming apparatus. It is difficult to form a strong bond with the connective tissue M located in. As a result, when the tissue-forming device is taken out from the environment MA in which the biological tissue material is present, as shown in FIG. 12, the connective tissue that fills the inside of the tissue-forming device is less likely to be pulled to the outside of the tissue-forming device. The connective tissue M located inside and outside the tissue forming device is cut at the opening, and the tissue forming device is smoothly taken out. Further, since the connective tissue M located outside the tissue forming apparatus is thin, only the relatively thin blood vessel CP is cut, and the amount of bleeding in the implant target can be suppressed.

なお、図13が示すように、組織体形成装置から取り出された結合組織体Mの表面は、開口で引き離された表面部分M1と、外装部材20,30に覆われていた表面部分M2とを備える。表面部分M1は、開口で切断された表面であり、表面部分M2よりも粗い表面である。表面部分M1の寸法や大きさは、開口の寸法や大きさに相当する。すなわち、相互に隣り合う表面部分M1の間の長さは、相互に隣り合う開口の間の長さであって0.5mm以上である。表面部分M1における最小寸法は、開口における最小寸法であって0.02mm以上2.5mm以下である。表面部分M1の面積と表面部分M2の面積との合計に対する表面部分M1の面積の割合は、4%以上70%以下である。表面部分M1の面積と表面部分M2の面積との合計に対する表面部分M1の縁の長さの合計の割合は0.9/mm以上である。 As shown in FIG. 13, the surface of the connective tissue M taken out from the tissue forming apparatus is a surface portion M1 separated by an opening and a surface portion M2 covered with exterior members 20 and 30. Be prepared. The surface portion M1 is a surface cut at an opening and is a rougher surface than the surface portion M2. The size and size of the surface portion M1 correspond to the size and size of the opening. That is, the length between the surface portions M1 adjacent to each other is 0.5 mm or more, which is the length between the openings adjacent to each other. The minimum dimension of the surface portion M1 is the minimum dimension of the opening, which is 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. The ratio of the area of the surface portion M1 to the total of the area of the surface portion M1 and the area of the surface portion M2 is 4% or more and 70% or less. The ratio of the total edge length of the surface portion M1 to the total area of the surface portion M1 and the area of the surface portion M2 is 0.9 / mm or more.

[試験例]
次に、組織体形成装置が有する各寸法の試験例について説明する。
[試験例1]
貫通孔20H,30Hを正方格子の各格子点に位置する正方形孔状として、開口寸法2L、開口寸法2W、開口間寸法2LP、開口間寸法2WP、開口占有率、および区画面密度を以下の範囲で変更した複数の組織体形成装置を準備した。そして、生体組織材料の存在する環境としてイヌの体内を用い、組織体形成装置の取り扱い性と、結合組織体における構造上の精度とを確認した。組織体形成装置の取り扱い性、および結合組織体における構造上の精度に関する評価の結果を図14に示す。
[Test example]
Next, a test example of each dimension of the tissue forming apparatus will be described.
[Test Example 1]
The through holes 20H and 30H are square holes located at each grid point of the square lattice, and the opening size 2L, opening size 2W, opening size 2LP, opening size 2WP, opening occupancy rate, and ward screen density are in the following ranges. A plurality of tissue forming devices changed in the above were prepared. Then, using the body of a dog as the environment in which the biological tissue material exists, the handleability of the tissue forming apparatus and the structural accuracy of the connective tissue were confirmed. FIG. 14 shows the results of evaluations regarding the handleability of the tissue forming apparatus and the structural accuracy of the connective tissue.

なお、組織体形成装置の取り扱い性として、(評価1)イヌの体内において過度な出血や引き抜き力を要することなく組織体形成装置をイヌの体内から取り出せるか否かを評価した。また、組織体形成装置の取り扱い性として、(評価2)イヌの体内から組織体形成装置を取り出すことによって切断痕MGが形成されたか否かを評価した。結合組織体における構造の精度として、(評価3)開口と対向する位置に窪みが形成されているか否か、および、(評価4)外装部材20,30と対向する位置の厚さが組織体形成空間の厚さと同じ程度であるか否かを評価した。 As the handleability of the tissue-forming device, (evaluation 1) it was evaluated whether or not the tissue-forming device could be taken out from the dog's body without requiring excessive bleeding or pulling force in the dog's body. In addition, as the handleability of the tissue forming apparatus, it was evaluated whether or not the cut mark MG was formed by taking out the tissue forming apparatus from the body of the dog (evaluation 2). As the accuracy of the structure in the connective tissue, (evaluation 3) whether or not a depression is formed at the position facing the opening, and (evaluation 4) the thickness of the position facing the exterior members 20 and 30 are the structure formation. It was evaluated whether it was about the same as the thickness of the space.

図14では、組織体形成装置の取り扱い性が良好であり、かつ結合組織体における構造の精度が十分といえる水準を「〇」記号で示す。一方で、イヌの体内において過度な出血が認められた水準((評価1)が良好でない水準)、イヌの体内から組織体形成装置を取り出す際に過度な力を要した水準、あるいは切断痕MGが認められた水準((評価2)が良好でない水準)を黒塗りの三角記号で示す。また、開口と対向する位置に窪みが認められた水準((評価3)が良好でない水準)を黒塗りの四角記号で示し、外装部材20,30と対向する位置で薄肉化が認められた水準((評価4)が良好でない水準)を「□」記号で示す。 In FIG. 14, the level at which the handleability of the tissue forming apparatus is good and the accuracy of the structure in the connective tissue is sufficient is indicated by the “◯” symbol. On the other hand, the level at which excessive bleeding was observed in the dog's body ((evaluation 1) is not good), the level at which excessive force was required to remove the tissue-forming device from the dog's body, or the cut mark MG. The level at which is recognized (the level at which (evaluation 2) is not good) is indicated by a black triangle symbol. In addition, the level at which a dent was observed at the position facing the opening (the level at which (evaluation 3) is not good) is indicated by a black square symbol, and the level at which thinning was observed at the positions facing the exterior members 20 and 30. (The level at which (evaluation 4) is not good) is indicated by the “□” symbol.

・組織体形成空間の厚さ :2.0mm
・開口寸法2L,2W :0.1mm以上4.0mm以下
・開口間寸法2LP,2WP:0.5mm以上6.0mm以下
・開口占有率 :4%以上70%以下
・区画面密度 :0.2/mm以上2.0/mm以下
・埋設した期間 :1ヵ月
・ Thickness of tissue formation space: 2.0 mm
Aperture dimensions 2L, 2W: 0.1mm or more and 4.0mm or less ・ Aperture dimensions 2LP, 2WP: 0.5mm or more and 6.0mm or less ・ Aperture occupancy: 4% or more and 70% or less ・ Area screen density: 0.2 / Mm or more and 2.0 / mm or less ・ Buried period: 1 month

例えば、開口寸法2L,2Wと開口間寸法2LP,2WPとの組みを(開口寸法,開口間寸法)と表記し、開口占有率と区画線密度との組みを[開口占有率,区画線密度]と表記する。そして、例えば、以下の(開口寸法,開口間寸法)と[開口占有率,区画線密度]との組みを備えた組織体形成装置を作成した。 For example, the combination of the opening dimensions 2L, 2W and the opening dimensions 2LP, 2WP is described as (opening dimension, inter-opening dimension), and the combination of the opening occupancy rate and the lane marking density is [opening occupancy, lane marking density]. Notated as. Then, for example, a tissue forming apparatus having the following combinations of (opening size, inter-opening size) and [opening occupancy rate, lane marking density] was created.

(0.1mm,0.5mm),[4%,1.3/mm]
(0.3mm,1.0mm),[4%,0.6/mm]
(0.5mm,2.0mm),[4%,0.3/mm]
(1.0mm,4.0mm),[4%,0.2/mm]
(0.3mm,0.8mm),[6%,1.0/mm]
(0.5mm,1.5mm),[6%,0.5/mm]
(1.0mm,3.0mm),[6%,0.3/mm]
(0.3mm,0.5mm),[11%,1.8/mm]
(0.5mm,1.0mm),[11%,0.9/mm]
(1.0mm,2.0mm),[11%,0.4/mm]
(2.0mm,4.0mm),[11%,0.2/mm]
(0.3mm,0.8mm),[16%,1.2/mm]
(0.5mm,1.5mm),[16%,0.6/mm]
(1.0mm,3.0mm),[16%,0.3/mm]
(0.5mm,0.5mm),[25%,2.0/mm]
(1.0mm,1.0mm),[25%,1.0/mm]
(2.0mm,2.0mm),[25%,0.5/mm]
(3.0mm,3.0mm),[25%,0.3/mm]
(0.3mm,0.8mm),[44%,1.8/mm]
(0.5mm,1.5mm),[44%,0.9/mm]
(1.0mm,3.0mm),[44%,0.6/mm]
(2.0mm,0.5mm),[64%,1.3/mm]
(3.0mm,0.8mm),[64%,0.9/mm]
(4.0mm,1.0mm),[64%,0.6/mm]
(0.1 mm, 0.5 mm), [4%, 1.3 / mm]
(0.3 mm, 1.0 mm), [4%, 0.6 / mm]
(0.5 mm, 2.0 mm), [4%, 0.3 / mm]
(1.0 mm, 4.0 mm), [4%, 0.2 / mm]
(0.3 mm, 0.8 mm), [6%, 1.0 / mm]
(0.5 mm, 1.5 mm), [6%, 0.5 / mm]
(1.0 mm, 3.0 mm), [6%, 0.3 / mm]
(0.3 mm, 0.5 mm), [11%, 1.8 / mm]
(0.5 mm, 1.0 mm), [11%, 0.9 / mm]
(1.0 mm, 2.0 mm), [11%, 0.4 / mm]
(2.0 mm, 4.0 mm), [11%, 0.2 / mm]
(0.3 mm, 0.8 mm), [16%, 1.2 / mm]
(0.5 mm, 1.5 mm), [16%, 0.6 / mm]
(1.0 mm, 3.0 mm), [16%, 0.3 / mm]
(0.5 mm, 0.5 mm), [25%, 2.0 / mm]
(1.0 mm, 1.0 mm), [25%, 1.0 / mm]
(2.0 mm, 2.0 mm), [25%, 0.5 / mm]
(3.0 mm, 3.0 mm), [25%, 0.3 / mm]
(0.3 mm, 0.8 mm), [44%, 1.8 / mm]
(0.5 mm, 1.5 mm), [44%, 0.9 / mm]
(1.0 mm, 3.0 mm), [44%, 0.6 / mm]
(2.0 mm, 0.5 mm), [64%, 1.3 / mm]
(3.0 mm, 0.8 mm), [64%, 0.9 / mm]
(4.0 mm, 1.0 mm), [64%, 0.6 / mm]

[試験例2]
試験例1の貫通孔20H,30Hを円形孔状に変更し、貫通孔20H,30Hが区切る円形開口の直径である開口寸法2L、開口間の最短距離である開口間寸法2WP,2LP、開口占有率、および区画面密度を以下の範囲で変更した複数の組織体形成装置を準備した。そして、生体組織材料の存在する環境としてイヌの体内を用い、組織体形成装置から得られた結合組織体において、組織体形成装置から剥がれやすいか否か、また、剥がされた結合組織体における構造上の精度を確認した。組織体形成装置から結合組織体が剥がれやすいか否か、および結合組織体における構造上の精度に関する評価の結果を図14に示す。なお、図14では、試験例1と同様の評価基準に基づいて、評価の結果を「〇」記号、黒塗りの三角記号、黒塗りの四角記号、および「□」記号で示す。
[Test Example 2]
The through holes 20H and 30H of Test Example 1 are changed to a circular hole shape, the opening size 2L which is the diameter of the circular opening separated by the through holes 20H and 30H, the opening size 2WP and 2LP which is the shortest distance between the openings, and the opening occupancy. A plurality of tissue forming devices were prepared in which the rate and the screen density of the plots were changed within the following ranges. Then, using the body of the dog as the environment in which the biological tissue material exists, whether or not the connective tissue obtained from the connective tissue forming device is easily peeled off from the connective tissue forming device, and the structure of the peeled connective tissue. I confirmed the above accuracy. FIG. 14 shows the results of evaluation regarding whether or not the connective tissue is easily peeled off from the tissue forming apparatus and the structural accuracy of the connective tissue. In FIG. 14, based on the same evaluation criteria as in Test Example 1, the evaluation results are indicated by a “◯” symbol, a black-painted triangle symbol, a black-painted square symbol, and a “□” symbol.

・組織体形成空間の厚さ :2.0mm
・開口寸法2L :1.0mm以上1.5mm以下
・開口間寸法2LP,2WP:0.5mm以上2.25mm以下
・開口占有率 :13%以上35%以下
・区画面密度 :0.3/mm以上1.4/mm以下
・埋設した期間 :1ヵ月
・ Thickness of tissue formation space: 2.0 mm
Aperture size 2L: 1.0mm or more and 1.5mm or less ・ Aperture size 2LP, 2WP: 0.5mm or more and 2.25mm or less ・ Aperture occupancy: 13% or more and 35% or less ・ Area screen density: 0.3 / mm More than 1.4 / mm or less ・ Buried period: 1 month

例えば、以下の(開口寸法,開口間寸法)と[開口占有率,区画線密度]との組みを備えた組織体形成装置を作成した。
(1.0mm,1.5mm),[13%,0.5/mm]
(1.0mm,0.5mm),[35%,1.4/mm]
(1.5mm,2.3mm),[13%,0.3/mm]
(2.0mm,0.5mm),[35%,0.9/mm]
For example, an organization forming device having the following combinations of (opening size, inter-opening size) and [opening occupancy rate, lane marking density] was created.
(1.0 mm, 1.5 mm), [13%, 0.5 / mm]
(1.0 mm, 0.5 mm), [35%, 1.4 / mm]
(1.5 mm, 2.3 mm), [13%, 0.3 / mm]
(2.0 mm, 0.5 mm), [35%, 0.9 / mm]

[試験例3]
試験例1の貫通孔20H,30Hを六方格子の各格子点に位置する六角形孔状に変更し、貫通孔20H,30Hが区切る正六角形開口の一辺の長さである開口寸法2L、開口間の最短距離である開口間寸法2LP,2WP、開口占有率、および区画面密度を以下の範囲で変更した複数の組織体形成装置を準備した。そして、生体組織材料の存在する環境としてイヌの体内を用い、組織体形成装置から得られた結合組織体において、組織体形成装置から剥がれやすいか否か、また、剥がされた結合組織体における構造上の精度を確認した。組織体形成装置から結合組織体が剥がれやすいか否か、および結合組織体における構造上の精度に関する評価の結果を図14に示す。なお、図14では、試験例1と同様の評価基準に基づいて、評価の結果を「〇」印、黒塗りの三角記号、黒塗りの四角記号、および「□」印で示す。
・組織体形成空間の厚さ :2.0mm
・開口寸法2L :0.25mm以上2.0mm以下
・開口間寸法2LP,2WP:0.3mm以上2.7mm以下
・開口占有率 :30%以上31%以下
・区画面密度 :0.4/mm以上3.0/mm以下
・埋設した期間 :1ヵ月
[Test Example 3]
The through holes 20H and 30H of Test Example 1 are changed to hexagonal holes located at each lattice point of the hexagonal lattice, and the opening size 2L, which is the length of one side of the regular hexagonal openings separated by the through holes 20H and 30H, and the gap between the openings. A plurality of structure forming devices were prepared in which the inter-opening dimensions 2LP, 2WP, the opening occupancy rate, and the plot screen density, which are the shortest distances of Then, using the body of the dog as the environment in which the biological tissue material exists, whether or not the connective tissue obtained from the connective tissue forming device is easily peeled off from the connective tissue forming device, and the structure of the peeled connective tissue. I confirmed the above accuracy. FIG. 14 shows the results of evaluation regarding whether or not the connective tissue is easily peeled off from the tissue forming apparatus and the structural accuracy of the connective tissue. In FIG. 14, based on the same evaluation criteria as in Test Example 1, the evaluation results are indicated by “◯” mark, black-painted triangle symbol, black-painted square symbol, and “□” mark.
・ Thickness of tissue formation space: 2.0 mm
Aperture size 2L: 0.25mm or more and 2.0mm or less ・ Aperture size 2LP, 2WP: 0.3mm or more and 2.7mm or less ・ Aperture occupancy: 30% or more and 31% or less ・ Area screen density: 0.4 / mm More than 3.0 / mm or less ・ Buried period: 1 month

例えば、以下の(開口寸法,開口間寸法)と[開口占有率,区画線密度]との組みを備えた組織体形成装置を作成した。
(2.0mm,2.6mm),[30%,0.4/mm]
(1.0mm,1.3mm),[30%,0.7/mm]
(0.8mm,1.0mm),[30%,1.0/mm]
(0.5mm,0.7mm),[30%,1.4/mm]
(0.3mm,0.3mm),[31%,3.0/mm]
For example, an organization forming device having the following combinations of (opening size, inter-opening size) and [opening occupancy rate, lane marking density] was created.
(2.0 mm, 2.6 mm), [30%, 0.4 / mm]
(1.0 mm, 1.3 mm), [30%, 0.7 / mm]
(0.8 mm, 1.0 mm), [30%, 1.0 / mm]
(0.5 mm, 0.7 mm), [30%, 1.4 / mm]
(0.3 mm, 0.3 mm), [31%, 3.0 / mm]

図14が示すように、区画面密度が0.9/mm以上である組織体形成装置では、1ヵ月の埋設期間後に、開口占有率が4%以上70%以下の広い範囲で、組織体形成空間の厚さである2mmに相当する良好な厚さを有した円筒状の結合組織体が認められた。同じく、区画面密度が0.9/mm以上である組織体形成装置では、1ヵ月の埋設期間後に、開口占有率が4%以上70%以下の広い範囲で、外装部材10の延在方向の全体、および、外装部材10の周方向の全体において、2.0mm以上2.5mm以下の良好な厚さの均一性を有した結合組織体が認められた。組織体形成装置は、イヌの体内から円滑に取り出すことが可能であって、得られた結合組織体は、切断痕MGが形成されるように過度に引きちぎられることなく、イヌの体内、および組織体形成装置から円滑に剥がれることが認められた。また、得られた結合組織体は、組織体形成装置の形状に追従した環形状を有する一方で、直線状や他の曲線状に変形することが容易であることも認められた。 As shown in FIG. 14, in the tissue forming apparatus having a plot screen density of 0.9 / mm or more, the tissue forming is performed in a wide range of the opening occupancy rate of 4% or more and 70% or less after the burying period of one month. A cylindrical connective tissue having a good thickness corresponding to the space thickness of 2 mm was observed. Similarly, in the tissue forming apparatus having a ward screen density of 0.9 / mm or more, after a one-month burying period, the opening occupancy rate is in a wide range of 4% or more and 70% or less in the extending direction of the exterior member 10. A connective tissue having a good thickness uniformity of 2.0 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less was observed in the whole and the whole in the circumferential direction of the exterior member 10. The tissue-forming device can be smoothly removed from the dog's body, and the resulting connective tissue is not excessively torn to form cut scar MG, and the dog's body and tissue. It was found that it peeled off smoothly from the body forming device. It was also found that the obtained connective tissue has a ring shape that follows the shape of the tissue forming apparatus, but is easily deformed into a linear shape or another curved shape.

これにより、条件1を満たす組織体形成装置、すなわち、開口寸法2Lや開口寸法2Wが0.02mm以上2.5mm以下であれば、開口を通じて組織体形成空間に生体組織材料を入れることが可能であり、生体組織材料が存在する環境や組織体形成装置から結合組織体を剥がしやすいともいえる。また、上記条件2を満たす組織体形成装置、すなわち、開口間寸法2LPや開口間寸法2WPが0.5mm以上を満たす組織体形成装置であれば、開口間の構造体のなかの数多くの点で生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成しはじめることが可能であるといえる。加えて、上記条件3,4を満たす組織体形成装置、すなわち、区画面密度が0.9/mm以上であるように区画線20L,30Lが広い範囲に分布し、開口占有率が4%以上70%以下であるように区画線20L,30Lが数多くの開口を区切ることによって、上記効果を得つつも、良好な厚さとその均一性とを有した結合組織体が組織体形成装置の内側全体で形成可能であるといえる。 As a result, if the tissue forming apparatus satisfying the condition 1, that is, if the opening size 2L and the opening size 2W are 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less, the biological tissue material can be put into the tissue forming space through the opening. Therefore, it can be said that the connective tissue is easily peeled off from the environment in which the biological tissue material exists and the tissue forming apparatus. Further, if the tissue forming device satisfies the above condition 2, that is, the tissue forming device having the opening dimension 2LP and the opening dimension 2WP satisfying 0.5 mm or more, there are many points in the structure between the openings. It can be said that it is possible to start forming connective tissue from biological tissue material. In addition, the tissue forming apparatus satisfying the above conditions 3 and 4, that is, the division lines 20L and 30L are distributed in a wide range so that the plot screen density is 0.9 / mm or more, and the opening occupancy rate is 4% or more. By dividing a large number of openings by the dividing lines 20L and 30L so as to be 70% or less, a connective tissue having a good thickness and its uniformity while obtaining the above effect is formed on the entire inside of the tissue forming apparatus. It can be said that it can be formed with.

特に、区画面密度が1.0/mm以上、かつ開口占有率が30%以上60%以下である組織体形成装置では、より良好な均一性を有した結合組織体が得られることが認められた。これは、区画面密度が1.0/mm以上であれば、区画線20L,30Lがより広い範囲に分布し、開口占有率が30%以上60%以下であれば、生体組織材料に自己防衛機能を発揮させる区画線20L,30Lが、外装部材10における外表面の全体にわたり、より数多く分布しているためであるといえる。 In particular, it has been confirmed that a connective tissue having better uniformity can be obtained in a tissue forming apparatus having a plot screen density of 1.0 / mm or more and an opening occupancy of 30% or more and 60% or less. It was. This is because if the screen density is 1.0 / mm or more, the marking lines 20L and 30L are distributed in a wider range, and if the opening occupancy rate is 30% or more and 60% or less, the self-defense against the biological tissue material. It can be said that this is because a larger number of marking lines 20L and 30L that exert their functions are distributed over the entire outer surface of the exterior member 10.

一方、開口占有率が4%以上30%以下の範囲であっても、区画面密度が0.5/mm未満となる組織体形成装置では、1ヵ月の埋設期間では、組織体形成空間のなかに結合組織体以外の隙間を空けるような結合組織体が認められやすい。これらから、開口占有率が4%以上30%以下であって、区画面密度が0.5/mm未満となる範囲では、生体組織材料を円滑に通しえる大きさで開口が区切られるといえども、生体組織材料に自己防衛機能を発揮させる区画線20L,30Lが、開口間を結合組織体で埋めるほどに広く範囲で細かく分布しえないといえる。また、貫通孔20H,30Hの間の長さが大きいことに起因して、組織体形成装置の外側にコラーゲン膜が形成されやすく、組織体形成装置の内側を結合組織体で埋める前に開口が塞がれてしまうともいえる。 On the other hand, even if the opening occupancy rate is in the range of 4% or more and 30% or less, in the tissue forming apparatus having a plot screen density of less than 0.5 / mm, in the tissue forming space during the one-month burial period, Connective tissue that leaves a gap other than the connective tissue is likely to be recognized. From these, even if the opening is divided into a size that allows the biological tissue material to pass smoothly in the range where the opening occupancy rate is 4% or more and 30% or less and the area screen density is less than 0.5 / mm. It can be said that the marking lines 20L and 30L that exert the self-defense function on the biological tissue material cannot be distributed in such a wide range and finely that the gaps between the openings are filled with connective tissue. Further, due to the large length between the through holes 20H and 30H, a collagen film is likely to be formed on the outside of the tissue forming apparatus, and an opening is opened before filling the inside of the tissue forming apparatus with the connective tissue. It can be said that it will be blocked.

また、開口占有率が4%以上30%以下の範囲であっても、区画面密度が0.5/mm以上0.9/mm未満となる範囲では、結合組織体が形成されるとしても、イヌの体内から組織体形成装置を取り出す際に、過度な力を要したり、結合組織体に切断痕MGが形成されたりしやすい。これらから、開口占有率が4%以上30%以下の範囲であっても、区画面密度が0.5/mm以上0.9/mm未満となる範囲では、組織体形成装置の外側に結合組織体が厚く形成されてしまう程度に開口の間の長さが大きく、組織体形成装置の取り扱い性を得られないといえる。 Further, even if the opening occupancy is in the range of 4% or more and 30% or less, the connective tissue is formed in the range where the screen density is 0.5 / mm or more and less than 0.9 / mm. Excessive force is required to remove the tissue-forming device from the body of the dog, and cut marks MG are likely to be formed on the connective tissue. From these, even if the opening occupancy is in the range of 4% or more and 30% or less, in the range where the plot screen density is 0.5 / mm or more and less than 0.9 / mm, the connective tissue is formed outside the tissue forming apparatus. It can be said that the length between the openings is so large that the body is formed thick, and the handleability of the tissue forming apparatus cannot be obtained.

また、開口占有率が30%以上であって、区画面密度が0.9/mm未満となる組織体形成装置では、開口の大きさを大きくすることによって開口占有率30%以上であることを満たしているため、貫通孔20H,30Hと対向する位置に窪みなどが形成されやすいといえる。 Further, in the tissue forming apparatus having an opening occupancy rate of 30% or more and a plot screen density of less than 0.9 / mm, the opening occupancy rate is 30% or more by increasing the size of the opening. Since it is filled, it can be said that a dent or the like is likely to be formed at a position facing the through holes 20H and 30H.

以上、上記実施形態によれば、以下に列挙する効果を得ることができる。
(1)上記条件1,2を満たす組織体形成装置であれば、結合組織体を形成するための生体組織材料を外装部材10の外側から内側に向けて入れることが可能となる。また、貫通孔20H,30Hの形状に追従した突部の大きさを結合組織体において十分に小さくすることが可能であるから、生体組織材料が存在する環境から組織体形成装置を取り出すこと、および組織体形成装置から結合組織体を取り出すことが容易となる。そして、開口間に位置する構造体のなかの数多くの位置で生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成しやすくして、組織体形成空間に向けた開口縁から結合組織体を形成することの実効性を高めることが可能となる。
As described above, according to the above embodiment, the effects listed below can be obtained.
(1) If the tissue forming apparatus satisfies the above conditions 1 and 2, it is possible to insert the biological tissue material for forming the connective tissue from the outside to the inside of the exterior member 10. Further, since the size of the protrusions that follow the shapes of the through holes 20H and 30H can be made sufficiently small in the connective tissue, the tissue forming apparatus can be taken out from the environment in which the biological tissue material exists. The connective tissue can be easily removed from the tissue forming apparatus. Then, it is effective to facilitate the formation of connective tissue from the biological tissue material at many positions in the structure located between the openings, and to form the connective tissue from the opening edge toward the tissue formation space. Can be increased.

(2)上記条件3,4を満たす組織体形成装置であれば、生体組織材料を外装部材10の外側から内側に向けて入れやすくしつつも、組織体形成空間に向けた多くの開口縁から結合組織体の形成を促すことが可能ともなる。また、開口が少なすぎることや、開口が大きすぎることに起因した構造上での精度の低下、および組織体形成装置の外側に形成される結合組織体の厚さに起因した取り扱い性の低下を抑えることが可能ともなる。結果として、生体組織材料が存在する環境から組織体形成装置を取り出すこと、および組織体形成装置から結合組織体を取り出すことが容易になると共に、結合組織体の構造上における精度を高めることが可能ともなる。 (2) If the tissue forming apparatus satisfies the above conditions 3 and 4, it is easy to insert the biological tissue material from the outside to the inside of the exterior member 10, and from many opening edges toward the tissue forming space. It also makes it possible to promote the formation of connective tissue. In addition, there is a decrease in structural accuracy due to too few openings and too large openings, and a decrease in handleability due to the thickness of connective tissue formed on the outside of the tissue forming apparatus. It is also possible to suppress it. As a result, it becomes easy to take out the connective tissue from the environment in which the biological tissue material is present, and to take out the connective tissue from the connective tissue, and it is possible to improve the structural accuracy of the connective tissue. It also becomes.

(3)上記条件1を満たす組織体形成装置であれば、貫通孔20H,30Hの形状に追従した突部の大きさを結合組織体において十分に小さくすることが可能であるから、結合組織体における表面の平坦性を高めたり、結合組織体における厚さの均一性を高めたりするなどの構造上における精度を高めることが可能となる。結果として、生体組織材料が存在する環境から組織体形成装置を取り出すこと、および組織体形成装置から結合組織体を取り出すことが容易になると共に、結合組織体の表面を平坦にするための後加工を割愛したり、後加工に要する負荷を軽減したりすることが可能ともなる。また、組織体形成装置の形状に追従した環形状の結合組織体において、直線状や他の曲線状に変形しがたい曲がり癖が付くことを抑えることが可能ともなる。 (3) If the tissue forming apparatus satisfies the above condition 1, the size of the protrusions following the shapes of the through holes 20H and 30H can be sufficiently reduced in the connective tissue, and thus the connective tissue. It is possible to improve structural accuracy such as improving the flatness of the surface in the connective tissue and increasing the uniformity of the thickness in the connective tissue. As a result, it becomes easy to take out the connective tissue from the environment in which the biological tissue material is present, and to take out the connective tissue from the connective tissue, and post-processing to flatten the surface of the connective tissue. It is also possible to omit the above and reduce the load required for post-processing. Further, in the ring-shaped connective tissue that follows the shape of the tissue forming apparatus, it is possible to suppress the bending habit that is difficult to be deformed into a linear shape or another curved shape.

なお、上記実施形態は、以下のように変更して実施することもできる。
[第1変更例]
・図15が示すように、外装部材10に形成された貫通孔20H,30Hは、複数の貫通孔20H,30Hから構成されるまとまりを備えてもよい。例えば、六方格子を構成する格子点に六角形状の開口を区切る六つの貫通孔20H,30Hが配置されて、これら六つの貫通孔20H,30Hが孔群HGを構成する。そして、六つの貫通孔20H,30Hから構成される孔群HGを外装部材10が複数備えてもよい。なお、区画面密度を高めることができる観点において、単一の孔群HGでは、貫通孔20H,30Hが最密に配置されていることが好ましい。
The above embodiment can also be modified and implemented as follows.
[First modification example]
As shown in FIG. 15, the through holes 20H and 30H formed in the exterior member 10 may include a group composed of a plurality of through holes 20H and 30H. For example, six through holes 20H and 30H that divide a hexagonal opening are arranged at lattice points forming a hexagonal lattice, and these six through holes 20H and 30H form a hole group HG. Then, the exterior member 10 may include a plurality of hole group HGs composed of six through holes 20H and 30H. From the viewpoint of increasing the screen density, it is preferable that the through holes 20H and 30H are closely arranged in the single hole group HG.

・上記変更例1において、複数の貫通孔20H,30Hから構成される1つの孔群HGと、複数の貫通孔20H,30Hのから構成される他の孔群HGとの間の距離は、単一の孔群HG内での開口間の距離よりも大きくてもよいし、小さくてもよい。孔群HG間での距離が孔群HG内での距離よりも大きい構成であれば、孔群HG内での距離が小さいことに起因して生じえる外装部材10での機械的な強度の低下を、孔群HG間に位置する構造体によって補うことが可能ともなる。 -In the above modification 1, the distance between one hole group HG composed of a plurality of through holes 20H and 30H and another hole group HG composed of a plurality of through holes 20H and 30H is simple. It may be larger or smaller than the distance between the openings in one hole group HG. If the distance between the hole group HG is larger than the distance within the hole group HG, the mechanical strength of the exterior member 10 is reduced, which may be caused by the small distance within the hole group HG. Can also be supplemented by a structure located between the pore groups HG.

[第2変更例]
・図16が示すように、組織体形成装置は、上述した貫通孔20H,30Hの他に、上記条件1から条件4を満たすように、小貫通孔20SH,30SHをさらに備えてもよい。小貫通孔20SH,30SHは、貫通孔20H,30Hの開口よりも小さい開口を区切る。この際、小貫通孔20SH,30SHの配置は、複数の小貫通孔20SH,30SHから構成される1つのまとまりを構成し、1つのまとまりにおける各小貫通孔20SH,30SHの外形線が、単位領域における区画線20L,30Lを構成する。すなわち、条件1から条件4を別々に満たす複数の種類の貫通孔を組織体形成装置が備えてもよい。
[Second modification example]
As shown in FIG. 16, in addition to the above-mentioned through holes 20H and 30H, the tissue forming apparatus may further include small through holes 20SH and 30SH so as to satisfy the above conditions 1 to 4. The small through holes 20SH and 30SH divide an opening smaller than the openings of the through holes 20H and 30H. At this time, the arrangement of the small through holes 20SH and 30SH constitutes one unit composed of a plurality of small through holes 20SH and 30SH, and the outline of each small through hole 20SH and 30SH in one unit is a unit area. 20L and 30L of lane markings in. That is, the tissue forming apparatus may be provided with a plurality of types of through holes that separately satisfy the conditions 1 to 4.

例えば、貫通孔20H,30Hは、六方格子の格子点に位置する六角形孔状を有し、小貫通孔20SH,30SHは、正六角形の頂点に位置する正三角形孔状を有する。そして、小貫通孔20SH,30SHが区切る小開口は、正六角形の中心に頂点を向けるような三角形状を有し、六つの小開口から構成される単一のまとまりによる外形線が、単一の貫通孔20H,30Hが有する区画線20L,30Lに相当してもよい。 For example, the through holes 20H and 30H have a hexagonal hole shape located at a grid point of a hexagonal lattice, and the small through holes 20SH and 30SH have an equilateral triangular hole shape located at the apex of a regular hexagon. The small openings separated by the small through holes 20SH and 30SH have a triangular shape with the apex facing the center of the regular hexagon, and the outline formed by a single unit composed of the six small openings has a single outline. It may correspond to the lane markings 20L and 30L of the through holes 20H and 30H.

このように、小貫通孔20SH,30SHを備える構成によれば、貫通孔20H,30Hのみを備える構成と比べて、区画面密度を高めることが可能である。また、貫通孔20H,30Hが区切る開口の並びのなかに、小貫通孔20SH,30SHが区切る小開口のまとまりによる外形線を含めることが可能ともなるから、貫通孔20H,30Hのなかに小貫通孔20SH,30SHを配置する設計が容易ともなる。加えて、貫通孔20H,30Hのみを備えた外装部材10と同じ程度の機械的な耐久性を得ることが可能でもあるから、区画面密度が高まることに伴う機械的な耐久性の低下を抑える設計が容易ともなる。 As described above, according to the configuration provided with the small through holes 20SH and 30SH, it is possible to increase the screen density of the plot as compared with the configuration provided with only the through holes 20H and 30H. Further, since it is possible to include an outer line formed by a group of small openings separated by the small through holes 20SH and 30SH in the arrangement of the openings separated by the through holes 20H and 30H, the small penetrations can be included in the through holes 20H and 30H. It also facilitates the design of arranging the holes 20SH and 30SH. In addition, since it is possible to obtain the same level of mechanical durability as the exterior member 10 having only the through holes 20H and 30H, it is possible to suppress a decrease in mechanical durability due to an increase in the screen density. It also makes design easier.

[第3変更例]
・図17が示すように、外装部材10は、貫通孔20H,30Hが形成された外層部材20BL,30BLと、外層部材20BL,30BLの内側に固定された内層部材20AL,30ALとの二層によって構成されてもよい.この際、内層部材20AL,30ALは、上記条件1,2を満たすように、貫通孔20H,30Hを備える。外層部材20BL,30BLは、貫通孔20H,30Hの開口よりも大きい開口を有した貫通孔20BH,30BHを区切る。貫通孔20H,30Hが区切る開口のうち、大きい貫通孔20BH,30BHの開口なかに位置する開口は、外装部材10の外表面を基準として、貫通孔20H,30Hが上記条件3,4を満たすように構成されている。内層部材20AL,30ALが有する厚さは、生体組織材料に貫通孔20H,30Hを通過させる観点において、外層部材20BL,30BLが有する厚さよりも薄いことが好ましい。
[Third change example]
As shown in FIG. 17, the exterior member 10 is composed of two layers of outer layer members 20BL and 30BL in which through holes 20H and 30H are formed and inner layer members 20AL and 30AL fixed inside the outer layer members 20BL and 30BL. It may be configured. At this time, the inner layer members 20AL and 30AL are provided with through holes 20H and 30H so as to satisfy the above conditions 1 and 2. The outer layer members 20BL and 30BL divide the through holes 20BH and 30BH having an opening larger than the openings of the through holes 20H and 30H. Among the openings separated by the through holes 20H and 30H, the openings located in the large through holes 20BH and 30BH are such that the through holes 20H and 30H satisfy the above conditions 3 and 4 with reference to the outer surface of the exterior member 10. It is configured in. The thickness of the inner layer members 20AL and 30AL is preferably thinner than the thickness of the outer layer members 20BL and 30BL from the viewpoint of allowing the biological tissue material to pass through the through holes 20H and 30H.

このように、外層部材20BL,30BLと内層部材20AL,30ALとを備える構成によれば、外装部材10における機械的な耐久性の確保を外層部材20BL,30BLで担うことが可能であり、かつ、上記条件1,2を満たすことを内層部材20AL,30ALで担うことが可能である。結果として、結合組織体の構造上における精度を高めつつ組織体形成装置の取り扱い性を高めることを可能にすることと、組織体形成装置における機械的な耐久性を確保することとの両立が容易ともなる。また、外層部材20BL,30BLの加工とは別に、上記条件1,2を満たすことに特化した加工を内層部材20AL,30ALに施すことが可能となるため、組織体形成装置の加工精度を高めたり、組織体形成装置の製造を容易にしたりすることも可能となる。 As described above, according to the configuration including the outer layer members 20BL and 30BL and the inner layer members 20AL and 30AL, it is possible for the outer layer members 20BL and 30BL to take responsibility for ensuring the mechanical durability of the exterior member 10. It is possible for the inner layer members 20AL and 30AL to satisfy the above conditions 1 and 2. As a result, it is easy to achieve both the ability to improve the handleability of the tissue forming apparatus while improving the structural accuracy of the connective tissue and ensuring the mechanical durability of the tissue forming apparatus. It also becomes. Further, apart from the processing of the outer layer members 20BL and 30BL, the processing specialized for satisfying the above conditions 1 and 2 can be applied to the inner layer members 20AL and 30AL, so that the processing accuracy of the tissue forming apparatus is improved. It is also possible to facilitate the manufacture of the tissue forming apparatus.

・図18が示すように、外装部材10に形成された貫通孔20H,30Hは、正方格子の各格子点に位置する円形孔状を有してもよい。この際、試験例2で説明したように、貫通孔20H,30Hが区切る円形開口の直径が開口寸法2Wであり、開口間の最短距離が開口間寸法2LPである。 As shown in FIG. 18, the through holes 20H and 30H formed in the exterior member 10 may have a circular hole shape located at each lattice point of the square lattice. At this time, as described in Test Example 2, the diameter of the circular openings separated by the through holes 20H and 30H is the opening dimension 2W, and the shortest distance between the openings is the opening dimension 2LP.

さらに、外装部材10は、図19が示すように、相互に隣り合う貫通孔20H,30Hの間に、貫通孔20H,30Hよりも小さい開口寸法2SWを備えた小貫通孔20SH,30SHを備えてもよい。この際、小貫通孔20SH,30SHは、正方格子を描く格子線上に位置し、上記条件1,2を満たす。そして、単位領域のなかに位置する貫通孔20H,30H、および小貫通孔20SH,30SHが上記条件3を満たし、単位領域のなかで貫通孔20H,30H、および小貫通孔20SH,30SHを区切る区画線20L,30Lが上記条件4を満たす。すなわち、条件3,4を満たすための開口の全てが2種類以上の大きさを備え、かつ各種類の大きさで上記1,2を満たす。 Further, as shown in FIG. 19, the exterior member 10 is provided with small through holes 20SH and 30SH having an opening size 2SW smaller than the through holes 20H and 30H between the through holes 20H and 30H adjacent to each other. May be good. At this time, the small through holes 20SH and 30SH are located on the grid lines that draw a square grid, and satisfy the above conditions 1 and 2. Then, the through holes 20H and 30H and the small through holes 20SH and 30SH located in the unit area satisfy the above condition 3, and the through holes 20H and 30H and the small through holes 20SH and 30SH are separated in the unit area. The lines 20L and 30L satisfy the above condition 4. That is, all of the openings for satisfying the conditions 3 and 4 have two or more sizes, and each type of size satisfies the above 1 and 2.

なお、図20が示すように、小貫通孔20SH,30SHは、相互に隣り合う貫通孔20H,30Hの間を埋めるように点在し、上記条件1,2を満たす。そして、単位領域のなかに位置する貫通孔20H,30H、および小貫通孔20SH,30SHが上記条件3を満たし、単位領域のなかで貫通孔20H,30H、および小貫通孔20SH,30SHを区切る区画線20L,30Lが上記条件4を満たす。この際、小貫通孔20SH,30SHの配置は、規則的であってもよいし、不規則的であってもよい。 As shown in FIG. 20, the small through holes 20SH and 30SH are scattered so as to fill the space between the through holes 20H and 30H adjacent to each other, and satisfy the above conditions 1 and 2. Then, the through holes 20H and 30H and the small through holes 20SH and 30SH located in the unit area satisfy the above condition 3, and the through holes 20H and 30H and the small through holes 20SH and 30SH are separated in the unit area. The lines 20L and 30L satisfy the above condition 4. At this time, the arrangement of the small through holes 20SH and 30SH may be regular or irregular.

これらの構成によっても、区画面密度を高めることが可能であって、区画面密度が高まることに伴う機械的な耐久性の低下を抑える設計が容易ともなる。
なお、貫通孔20H,30Hの開口が、正三角形状、正方形状、正五角形状、正六角形状を有する場合、開口における開口寸法は、正多角形における一辺の長さである。貫通孔20H,30Hの開口が、長方形状や楕円形状などのような偏平状を有する場合、開口における開口寸法は、短軸方向の幅である。貫通孔20H,30Hの開口が、これら幾何学形状以外の不定形状である場合、開口における開口寸法は、二点以上で開口に内接する最も大きい円が有する直径である。
With these configurations, it is possible to increase the ward screen density, and it becomes easy to design to suppress the decrease in mechanical durability due to the increase in the ward screen density.
When the openings of the through holes 20H and 30H have a regular triangular shape, a square shape, a regular pentagram shape, and a regular hexagonal shape, the opening dimension in the opening is the length of one side in the regular polygon. When the openings of the through holes 20H and 30H have a flat shape such as a rectangular shape or an elliptical shape, the opening dimension in the openings is the width in the minor axis direction. When the openings of the through holes 20H and 30H have an indefinite shape other than these geometric shapes, the opening dimension in the opening is the diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the opening at two or more points.

[第4変更例]
・図21が示すように、組織体形成装置は、上記条件1から条件4を満たす貫通孔を備えた複数の組織体形成壁を備えてもよい。例えば、組織体形成装置は、貫通孔101Hを備えた薄板円筒状を有する第1形成壁101の内側に、貫通孔102Hを備えた薄板状を有する第2形成壁102を備える構成に変更してもよい。第1形成壁101は、第1区画壁の一例であり、第2形成壁102は、第2区画壁の一例である。第2形成壁102は、例えば、第1形成壁101の径方向、および延在方向に広がる板状を有し、第2形成壁102の延在方向に延びる縁と第1形成壁101の内周面とが離れた状態で、第1形成壁101の両端部に固定されている。
[Fourth change example]
As shown in FIG. 21, the tissue forming apparatus may include a plurality of tissue forming walls having through holes satisfying the above conditions 1 to 4. For example, the structure forming apparatus is changed to a configuration in which a second forming wall 102 having a thin plate shape having a through hole 102H is provided inside a first forming wall 101 having a thin plate cylinder shape having a through hole 101H. May be good. The first forming wall 101 is an example of the first section wall, and the second forming wall 102 is an example of the second section wall. The second forming wall 102 has, for example, a plate shape extending in the radial direction and the extending direction of the first forming wall 101, and the edge extending in the extending direction of the second forming wall 102 and the inside of the first forming wall 101. It is fixed to both ends of the first forming wall 101 in a state of being separated from the peripheral surface.

上記条件1から条件4を満たす組織体形成壁は、生体組織材料が通過しえる開口を区切る構成を備え、かつ、開口を区切る構造体が自己防衛機能を発揮しやすくする構成を備える。こうした第1形成壁101は、上記実施形態と同じく、第1形成壁101に囲まれた空間に、第1形成壁101の開口を通して第1形成壁101の内側に入る生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成することを促す。また、第2形成壁102は、第1形成壁101の開口を通して第1形成壁101の内側に入る生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成すること、また、第2形成壁102の開口を通る生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成することを促す。結果として、第1形成壁101によって囲まれる組織体形成空間の全体にわたり結合組織体を形成することを可能にして、腱や靱帯のように太さや長さが求められる結合組織体を形成することを可能とする。 The tissue-forming wall satisfying the above conditions 1 to 4 has a structure for partitioning an opening through which the biological tissue material can pass, and also has a structure for facilitating the structure for partitioning the opening to exert a self-defense function. As in the above embodiment, the first forming wall 101 is a connective tissue from a biological tissue material that enters the inside of the first forming wall 101 through the opening of the first forming wall 101 in the space surrounded by the first forming wall 101. Encourage the formation of. Further, the second forming wall 102 forms a connective tissue from the connective tissue material that enters the inside of the first forming wall 101 through the opening of the first forming wall 101, and the living body passing through the opening of the second forming wall 102. Promotes the formation of connective tissue from tissue material. As a result, it is possible to form connective tissue over the entire tissue formation space surrounded by the first forming wall 101, and to form connective tissue that requires thickness and length, such as tendons and ligaments. Is possible.

なお、第1形成壁101から結合組織体を離す過程において、板状を有した第2形成壁102は、結合組織体が外装部材から離される前に外装部材から引き抜かれてもよいし、結合組織体が外装部材から離された後に結合組織体から引き抜かれてもよい。第2形成壁102が引き抜かれることによって形成される隙間は、結合組織体の移植後などにおいて結合組織体同士の接着によって直ぐに埋められる。 In the process of separating the connective tissue from the first forming wall 101, the plate-shaped second forming wall 102 may be pulled out from the exterior member before the connective tissue is separated from the exterior member, or may be bonded. The tissue may be withdrawn from the connective tissue after being separated from the exterior member. The gap formed by pulling out the second forming wall 102 is immediately filled by the adhesion between the connective tissues after transplantation of the connective tissues.

[第5変更例]
・図22が示すように、組織体形成装置は、上記条件1から上記条件4を満たす貫通孔を備えた円筒状の第1形成壁101と、第1形成壁101の内側に位置して上記条件1から条件4を満たす貫通孔を備えた1枚の薄板状を有する第2形成壁102とを備える構成に変更することができる。第2形成壁102は、第1形成壁101の内側で渦巻き状に巻き回されている。第1形成壁101は、第1区画壁の一例であり、第2形成壁102は、第2区画壁の一例である。
[Fifth change example]
As shown in FIG. 22, the tissue forming apparatus is located inside the cylindrical first forming wall 101 having through holes satisfying the above conditions 1 to 4 and the first forming wall 101. The configuration can be changed to include a second forming wall 102 having a thin plate shape having a through hole satisfying the conditions 1 to 4. The second forming wall 102 is spirally wound inside the first forming wall 101. The first forming wall 101 is an example of the first section wall, and the second forming wall 102 is an example of the second section wall.

こうした第1形成壁101は、第1形成壁101の開口を通して第1形成壁101の内側に入る生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成することを促し、また、第2形成壁102は、第2形成壁102の開口を通る生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成することを促す。結果として、第1形成壁101によって囲まれる組織体形成空間の全体にわたり結合組織体を形成することを可能にして、巻き回された第2形成壁102を広げることによって、広い面積が求められるシート状の結合組織体を形成することを可能とする。 Such a first forming wall 101 promotes the formation of connective tissue from biotissue material that enters the inside of the first forming wall 101 through the opening of the first forming wall 101, and the second forming wall 102 is a second. It encourages the formation of connective tissue from biotissue material that passes through the opening of the forming wall 102. As a result, a sheet that requires a large area by expanding the wound second forming wall 102, allowing connective tissue to be formed over the entire tissue forming space surrounded by the first forming wall 101. It makes it possible to form a connective tissue in the form of a shape.

[第6変更例]
・図23が示すように、組織体形成装置は、上記条件1から条件4を満たす貫通孔を備えた複数枚の薄板状を有する第1形成壁101を、間隔を空けて積み重ねた積層体として構成とすることも可能である。この際、組織体形成装置は、第1形成壁101を位置決めする位置決め部材103を備え、位置決め部材103もまた、上記条件1から条件4を満たす複数の開口を備える。そして、最上層の第1形成壁101と最下層の第1形成壁101との間である第1形成壁101に囲まれた空間に、貫通孔101Hを備えた他の3枚の第1形成壁101が介在している。最上層の第1形成壁101、および最下層の第1形成壁101は、第1区画壁の一例であり、他の3枚の第1形成壁101は、第2区画壁の一例である。
[6th modification example]
As shown in FIG. 23, the tissue forming apparatus is formed by stacking a plurality of thin plate-shaped first forming walls 101 having through holes satisfying the above conditions 1 to 4 at intervals. It can also be configured. At this time, the tissue forming apparatus includes a positioning member 103 for positioning the first forming wall 101, and the positioning member 103 also includes a plurality of openings satisfying the above conditions 1 to 4. Then, in the space surrounded by the first forming wall 101 between the first forming wall 101 of the uppermost layer and the first forming wall 101 of the lowermost layer, the other three first forming with the through hole 101H. A wall 101 is present. The first forming wall 101 of the uppermost layer and the first forming wall 101 of the lowermost layer are examples of the first section wall, and the other three first forming walls 101 are examples of the second section wall.

こうした第1形成壁101は、最上層の開口を通じて、また、最下層の開口を通じて、これらの間に入る生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成すること、また、最上層と最下層との間に位置する第1形成壁101の開口を通る生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成することを促す。結果として、最上層の第1形成壁101と最下層の第1形成壁101とに挟まれた組織体形成空間の全体にわたり剥がれやすい結合組織体を形成することを可能にして、人工弁膜として機能しえる複数のシート状の結合組織体を一度に形成することを可能とする。 Such a first forming wall 101 forms connective tissue from the biotissue material that enters between them through the opening of the uppermost layer and through the opening of the lowermost layer, and between the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer. It encourages the formation of connective tissue from biotissue material that passes through the opening of the first forming wall 101 located. As a result, it is possible to form a connective tissue that is easily peeled off over the entire tissue formation space sandwiched between the first forming wall 101 of the uppermost layer and the first forming wall 101 of the lowermost layer, and functions as an artificial valve membrane. It makes it possible to form multiple sheet-like connective tissues at once.

[第7変更例]
・図24が示すように、組織体形成装置は、上記条件1から条件4を満たす貫通孔を備えた内装部材を備えてもよい。例えば、組織体形成装置は、貫通孔101Hを備えた薄板円筒状を有する外装部材である第1形成壁101の内側に、貫通孔104Hを備えた薄板円筒状を有する第1内装部材104と、第1内装部材104の内側に、貫通孔105Hを備えた薄板円筒状を有する第2内装部材105とを備える構成に変更してもよい。第1形成壁101は、第1区画壁の一例であり、第1内装部材104、および第2内装部材105は、第2区画壁の一例である。第1内装部材104は、例えば、第1内装部材104の外周面と第1形成壁101の内周面とが離れた状態で、第1形成壁101の両端部に固定されている。第2内装部材105は、例えば、第2内装部材105の外周面と第1内装部材104の内周面とが離れた状態で、第1形成壁101の両端部に固定されている。
[7th modification example]
As shown in FIG. 24, the tissue forming apparatus may include an interior member having through holes satisfying the above conditions 1 to 4. For example, the tissue forming apparatus includes a first interior member 104 having a thin plate cylindrical shape having a through hole 104H inside a first forming wall 101 which is an exterior member having a thin plate cylindrical shape having a through hole 101H. The configuration may be changed to include a second interior member 105 having a thin cylindrical shape having a through hole 105H inside the first interior member 104. The first forming wall 101 is an example of a first partition wall, and the first interior member 104 and the second interior member 105 are an example of a second partition wall. The first interior member 104 is fixed to both ends of the first forming wall 101, for example, with the outer peripheral surface of the first interior member 104 and the inner peripheral surface of the first forming wall 101 separated from each other. The second interior member 105 is fixed to both ends of the first forming wall 101, for example, with the outer peripheral surface of the second interior member 105 and the inner peripheral surface of the first interior member 104 separated from each other.

こうした第1内装部材104は、第1形成壁101の開口を通して第1形成壁101の内側に入る生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成すること、また、第1内装部材104の開口を通る生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成することを促す。さらに、第2内装部材105は、第1内装部材104の開口を通して第1内装部材104の内側に入る生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成すること、また、第2内装部材105の開口を通る生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成することを促す。結果として、第1形成壁101によって囲まれる組織体形成空間の全体にわたり結合組織体を形成することを可能にして、第1形成壁101と第1内装部材104との間の空間を埋める大円筒状の結合組織体を形成することを可能とする。そのうえ、第1内装部材104と第2内装部材105との間の空間を埋める小円筒状の結合組織体を形成すること、および、第2内装部材105に囲まれた空間を埋める円柱状の結合組織体を形成することを可能とする。 Such a first interior member 104 forms a connective tissue from a connective tissue material that enters the inside of the first forming wall 101 through the opening of the first forming wall 101, and the living tissue passing through the opening of the first interior member 104. Promotes the formation of connective tissue from the material. Further, the second interior member 105 forms a connective tissue from the connective tissue material that enters the inside of the first interior member 104 through the opening of the first interior member 104, and the living body that passes through the opening of the second interior member 105. Promotes the formation of connective tissue from tissue material. As a result, a large cylinder that allows the connective tissue to be formed over the entire tissue formation space surrounded by the first forming wall 101 and fills the space between the first forming wall 101 and the first interior member 104. It makes it possible to form a connective tissue in the form of a shape. Further, a small cylindrical connective tissue that fills the space between the first interior member 104 and the second interior member 105 is formed, and a columnar connection that fills the space surrounded by the second interior member 105. Allows the formation of tissue.

[第8変更例]
・図25が示すように、組織体形成装置は、心臓弁膜を形成することに特化した装置に具体化することも可能である。組織体形成装置は、円筒状を有した第1形成壁101と、第1形成壁101の内側に収容される血管用内装部材102Aと、第1形成壁101の内側に収容される弁膜用内装部材102Bとを備える。第1形成壁101、および、弁膜用内装部材102Bは、上記条件1から条件4を満たす開口を備える。
[8th modification example]
-As shown in FIG. 25, the tissue forming apparatus can be embodied as an apparatus specialized in forming a heart valve membrane. The tissue forming apparatus includes a first forming wall 101 having a cylindrical shape, a blood vessel interior member 102A housed inside the first forming wall 101, and a valve membrane interior housed inside the first forming wall 101. It includes a member 102B. The first forming wall 101 and the valve membrane interior member 102B have openings that satisfy the above conditions 1 to 4.

血管用内装部材102Aは、第1形成壁101の軸方向に延在する多段の円柱状を有する。血管用内装部材102Aは、結合組織体の一例である血管の厚さ分だけ、第1形成壁101の内面から離れて位置する。血管用内装部材102Aの外周面は、血管のみを形成するための円筒面である上側外周面1021と、上側外周面1021よりも弁膜の厚さ分だけ窪んだ凹部である弁膜形成部1022とを備える。3つの弁膜形成部1022は、血管用内装部材102Aの周方向に等配された窪みである。 The blood vessel interior member 102A has a multi-stage columnar shape extending in the axial direction of the first forming wall 101. The blood vessel interior member 102A is located away from the inner surface of the first forming wall 101 by the thickness of the blood vessel, which is an example of the connective tissue. The outer peripheral surface of the blood vessel interior member 102A includes an upper outer peripheral surface 1021 which is a cylindrical surface for forming only a blood vessel and a valve membrane forming portion 1022 which is a recess recessed by the thickness of the valve membrane from the upper outer peripheral surface 1021. Be prepared. The three valve membrane forming portions 1022 are recesses equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the blood vessel interior member 102A.

弁膜用内装部材102Bは、第1形成壁101の軸方向に延在する円筒状を有する。弁膜用内装部材102Bは、血管の厚さ分だけ、第1形成壁101の内面から離れて位置する。弁膜用内装部材102Bは、弁膜用内装部材102Bの周方向に3つの弁膜被覆片1023を備える。弁膜被覆片1023は、上記条件1から上記条件4を満たす開口を備える。弁膜被覆片1023は、血管の厚さ分だけ、第1形成壁101の内面から離れ、かつ弁膜の厚さ分だけ、弁膜形成部1022から離れて位置する。弁膜被覆片1023は、弁膜形成部1022に嵌められた状態で、第1形成壁101に内装される。 The valve membrane interior member 102B has a cylindrical shape extending in the axial direction of the first forming wall 101. The valve membrane interior member 102B is located away from the inner surface of the first forming wall 101 by the thickness of the blood vessel. The valve membrane interior member 102B includes three valve membrane covering pieces 1023 in the circumferential direction of the valve membrane interior member 102B. The valve membrane coating piece 1023 has an opening that satisfies the above conditions 1 to 4. The valve membrane covering piece 1023 is located away from the inner surface of the first forming wall 101 by the thickness of the blood vessel and away from the valve membrane forming portion 1022 by the thickness of the valve membrane. The valve membrane covering piece 1023 is housed in the first forming wall 101 in a state of being fitted to the valve membrane forming portion 1022.

組織体形成装置は、第1形成壁101と血管用内装部材102Aとの間、および第1形成壁101と弁膜用内装部材102Bとの間に、単一の円筒状を有して血管として機能する結合組織体を形成する。また、組織体形成装置は、弁膜形成部1022と弁膜被覆片1023との間に、血管用の結合組織体と一体の弁膜として機能する結合組織体を形成する。こうした構成においても、第1形成壁101の開口を通じて、また、弁膜被覆片1023の開口を通じて、生体組織材料から結合組織体を形成することが促される。結果として、構造上の精度が高められた心臓弁膜を組織体形成装置から取り出しやすい状態で形成することが可能となる。 The tissue forming apparatus has a single cylindrical shape between the first forming wall 101 and the interior member 102A for blood vessels, and between the first forming wall 101 and the interior member 102B for valve membrane, and functions as a blood vessel. Form a connective tissue. In addition, the tissue forming apparatus forms a connective tissue that functions as a connective tissue integrally with the connective tissue for blood vessels between the valve membrane forming portion 1022 and the valve membrane covering piece 1023. Even in such a configuration, the formation of connective tissue from the biological tissue material is promoted through the opening of the first forming wall 101 and through the opening of the valve membrane coating piece 1023. As a result, it becomes possible to form a heart valve membrane with improved structural accuracy in a state where it can be easily taken out from the tissue forming apparatus.

・図26が示すように、組織体形成装置は、円筒状を有した第1形成壁101と、第1形成壁101の軸方向に延在する円柱状を有した内装部材102Tとから構成されてもよい。すなわち、組織体形成装置が有する形状は、円環状に限らず、直管状に変更することも可能である。 As shown in FIG. 26, the tissue forming apparatus is composed of a first forming wall 101 having a cylindrical shape and an interior member 102T having a columnar shape extending in the axial direction of the first forming wall 101. You may. That is, the shape of the tissue forming apparatus is not limited to the annular shape, and can be changed to a straight tubular shape.

・組織体形成空間の厚さは、一定であることに限らず、一端から他端に向けて徐々に変化してもよいし、厚さが徐々に変化する部分と厚さが一定である部分とを備えた構成であってもよい。 -The thickness of the tissue formation space is not limited to being constant, but may gradually change from one end to the other end, and a portion where the thickness gradually changes and a portion where the thickness is constant. It may be a configuration including.

・上記条件1から条件4を満たす構成であれば、組織体形成装置に形成された開口の形状は、角に丸みを有する多角形状であってもよいし、円形状や楕円形状であってもよいし、これらとは異なる幾何学形状であってもよい。さらに、組織体形成装置に形成された開口の形状は、幾何学形状とは異なる不定形状であってもよいし、複数の幾何学形状と複数の不定形状とからなる群から選択される2つ以上の組み合わせであってもよい。 -As long as the configuration satisfies the above conditions 1 to 4, the shape of the opening formed in the tissue forming apparatus may be a polygonal shape having rounded corners, or may be a circular shape or an elliptical shape. It may have a geometric shape different from these. Further, the shape of the opening formed in the tissue forming apparatus may be an indefinite shape different from the geometric shape, or two selected from a group consisting of a plurality of geometric shapes and a plurality of indefinite shapes. The above combination may be used.

・上記条件1から条件4を満たす構成であれば、貫通孔20H,30Hが区切る開口の配置は、正方格子の格子点、矩形格子の格子点、六方格子の格子点などに位置するような規則性を有してもよいし、不規則性を有してもよい。なお、貫通孔20H,30Hが区切る開口が不規則に配置される場合、外装部材10の外表面において1辺が10mmを有する矩形領域が単位領域として定められる。 -If the configuration satisfies the above conditions 1 to 4, the arrangement of the openings separated by the through holes 20H and 30H is a rule such that they are located at the grid points of the square grid, the grid points of the rectangular grid, the grid points of the hexagonal grid, and the like. It may have sex or irregularity. When the openings separated by the through holes 20H and 30H are irregularly arranged, a rectangular region having a side of 10 mm on the outer surface of the exterior member 10 is defined as a unit region.

EA,EB…縁
M…結合組織体
MA…環境
2L,2SW,2W…開口寸法
20AL,30AL…内層部材
20BL,30BL…外層部材
20H,20BH,30H,30BH,101H,102H,104H,105H…貫通孔
EA, EB ... Edge M ... Connective tissue MA ... Environment 2L, 2SW, 2W ... Opening dimensions 20AL, 30AL ... Inner layer member 20BL, 30BL ... Outer layer member 20H, 20BH, 30H, 30BH, 101H, 102H, 104H, 105H ... Penetration Hole

Claims (4)

生体組織材料が存在する環境のなかで結合組織体を形成する組織体形成装置であって、
前記環境と、当該環境から中空空間に入る前記生体組織材料から形成される前記結合組織体で全体が満たされる前記中空空間とを区切り、前記中空空間を囲む区画壁を備え、
前記区画壁が備える外表面において相互に隣り合う貫通孔の間の長さが0.5mm以上、かつ前記貫通孔における開口寸法が0.02mm以上2.5mm以下である複数の前記貫通孔が前記区画壁の全体に形成されており、
前記区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての前記貫通孔の開口面積の割合が開口占有率であり、
前記区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての前記貫通孔における開口縁の長さの割合が区画面密度であり、
前記区画壁の全体において前記開口占有率4%以上30%未満であり、
前記区画壁の全体において前記区画面密度が0.9/mm以上であり、
前記区画壁は、第1区画壁であり、
前記貫通孔は、第1貫通孔であり、
前記第1区画壁に囲まれた空間に、当該空間を区切る第2区画壁をさらに備え、
前記第2区画壁において相互に隣り合う第2貫通孔の間の長さが0.5mm以上、かつ前記第2貫通孔における開口寸法が0.02mm以上2.5mm以下である複数の前記第2貫通孔が前記第2区画壁に形成されており、
前記第2区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての前記第2貫通孔の開口面積の割合である開口占有率が4%以上70%以下であり、
前記第2区画壁が備える外表面の単位面積に対する、当該単位面積に含まれる全ての前記第2貫通孔における開口縁の長さの割合である区画面密度が0.9/mm以上である
組織体形成装置。
It is a tissue forming device that forms connective tissue in the environment where the biological tissue material exists.
A partition wall that separates the environment from the hollow space that is entirely filled with the connective tissue formed from the biotissue material that enters the hollow space from the environment and surrounds the hollow space is provided.
A plurality of the through holes having a length between the through holes adjacent to each other on the outer surface of the partition wall of 0.5 mm or more and an opening size of the through holes of 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less are described. It is formed on the entire partition wall and
The ratio of the opening area of all the through holes included in the unit area to the unit area of the outer surface provided by the partition wall is the opening occupancy rate.
The ratio of the length of the opening edge in all the through holes included in the unit area to the unit area of the outer surface provided by the partition wall is the ward screen density.
The opening occupancy rate is 4% or more and less than 30% in the entire partition wall.
Ri Der said Ward screen density 0.9 / mm or more in the whole of the partition wall,
The partition wall is the first partition wall,
The through hole is a first through hole and
The space surrounded by the first partition wall is further provided with a second partition wall that divides the space.
A plurality of the second through holes having a length of 0.5 mm or more between the second through holes adjacent to each other in the second partition wall and an opening size of 0.02 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less in the second through holes. A through hole is formed in the second partition wall,
The opening occupancy ratio, which is the ratio of the opening areas of all the second through holes included in the unit area to the unit area of the outer surface provided by the second partition wall, is 4% or more and 70% or less.
A structure in which the ward screen density, which is the ratio of the lengths of the opening edges in all the second through holes included in the unit area to the unit area of the outer surface provided by the second partition wall, is 0.9 / mm or more. Body forming device.
記区画壁は、前記第1貫通孔よりも大きい貫通孔が形成された外層部材と、前記貫通孔と対向する位置に前記第1貫通孔が形成された内層部材と、を備える
請求項に記載の組織体形成装置。
Before Symbol partition wall according to claim 1, further comprising an outer layer member having a large through hole than the first through-hole is formed, and the inner layer of the first through-hole at a position facing the through holes are formed, the The tissue forming apparatus according to the above.
前記内層部材は、前記外層部材よりも薄い
請求項に記載の組織体形成装置。
The tissue forming apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the inner layer member is thinner than the outer layer member.
生体組織材料が存在する人体以外の環境のなかに組織体形成装置を埋設して前記組織体形成装置のなかに結合組織体を形成する組織体形成方法であって、
前記組織体形成装置は、請求項1からのいずれか一項に記載の組織体形成装置である
組織体形成方法。
A method for forming a connective tissue in an environment other than the human body in which a biological tissue material is present, in which a tissue forming device is embedded and a connective tissue is formed in the tissue forming device.
The method for forming an organization, which is the organization forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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