JP6869457B2 - Utility tunnel with flood control function - Google Patents
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- JP6869457B2 JP6869457B2 JP2018174238A JP2018174238A JP6869457B2 JP 6869457 B2 JP6869457 B2 JP 6869457B2 JP 2018174238 A JP2018174238 A JP 2018174238A JP 2018174238 A JP2018174238 A JP 2018174238A JP 6869457 B2 JP6869457 B2 JP 6869457B2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、ライフラインである下水道管、水道管、ガス管、電力線、通信線を収容する共同溝に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a utility tunnel that accommodates sewer pipes, water pipes, gas pipes, power lines, and communication lines, which are lifelines.
近年、電力線や通信線の収容に特化した電線共同溝の整備が進められて来た。これは、電柱の上に配線されていた電線を共同溝の中に収めるのだから、スペースが見出しやすい広い道路に適した手法であった。 In recent years, the development of electric wire utility tunnels specialized for accommodating power lines and communication lines has been promoted. This was a method suitable for wide roads where space was easy to find because the electric wires that were wired on the utility poles were stored in the utility tunnel.
広い道路は少ないので、電線共同溝の小型化が進められた。しかし、共同溝が本来持つ維持管理の長所が失われていく、という本末転倒の事態が生じた。小型化のために、共同溝内部に人が入って維持管理の作業をする空間が失われていく傾向が生じたのである。それに伴い、ランニングコストが増加しても、イニシャルコストが小型化に比例して進まない。電線共同溝の要であるハンドホールなどの特殊部の小型化は難しい。人間まで小型化ができないからだ。 Since there are few wide roads, miniaturization of electric wire utility tunnels has been promoted. However, there was a situation in which the utility tunnel's original advantages of maintenance were lost. Due to the miniaturization, there was a tendency for people to enter the utility tunnel and lose the space for maintenance work. As a result, even if the running cost increases, the initial cost does not increase in proportion to the miniaturization. It is difficult to miniaturize special parts such as hand holes, which are the key to the electric wire utility tunnel. This is because even humans cannot be miniaturized.
一方、電柱は広い道路を必要とせず、コストも非常に少なくてすむので、電線共同溝の延長距離は伸び悩み、電柱の数は増え続けている。欧州などの都市のように民地の活用が認識されるようになった。 On the other hand, utility poles do not require wide roads and the cost is very low, so the extension distance of the electric wire utility tunnel is sluggish and the number of utility poles continues to increase. Utilization of private land has come to be recognized as in cities such as Europe.
無電柱化法第７条に規定する無電柱化推進計画が平成３０年４月６日に国により定められた。そこに民地の活用が記された。電線の配電は、民地活用にシフトしていくだろう。すると、電線共同溝に特化した共同溝よりも他のライフラインの受け入れも容易な本来の共同溝を整備する方向が検討されるべきだ。車の通行を長期にわたり妨げる道路の掘削工事の大半はライフラインの民地への引き込みである。その工事をなくしていくには本来の共同溝の整備によるべきだ。 The utility pole elimination promotion plan stipulated in Article 7 of the Utility Pole Elimination Law was established by the national government on April 6, 2018. The utilization of private land was described there. The distribution of electric wires will shift to the utilization of private land. Then, the direction of developing the original utility tunnel, which is easier to accept other lifelines than the utility tunnel specialized for electric wire utility tunnel, should be considered. Most of the road excavation work that obstructs the passage of cars for a long period of time is to pull the lifeline into the private land. In order to eliminate the construction, the original utility tunnel should be maintained.
道路側溝が注目される。電柱と同様に道路の端にあり、民地に近い。それに、道路側溝は下水道の雨水管の代用としても用いられている。下水道を合流式から分流式に切り替えるとき、雨水管を新たに地中埋設するのは、狭い道路が多い日本では難しい。コストもかかる。それで、道路側溝を雨水管の代わりに用いることが行われている。雨水管はライフラインである。すると、これからの共同溝は、道路側溝が占めていた空間を含めて整備されていくことになる。 Attention is paid to road gutters. It is located at the end of the road like a utility pole and is close to the private land. In addition, road gutters are also used as a substitute for sewer rainwater pipes. When switching the sewerage system from a combined type to a split type, it is difficult to bury a new rainwater pipe in the ground in Japan, where there are many narrow roads. It also costs money. Therefore, road gutters are being used in place of storm sewers. Storm drains are a lifeline. Then, the utility tunnel from now on will be improved including the space occupied by the road gutter.
また、道路側溝の設計強度が見直されている。今まで道路端部にある道路側溝は車の通行が少ないという前提で設計されてきた。しかし、都市への人口集中とインターネットの普及による通信販売の一般化は、幅の広い貨物車を狭い道路に今まで以上に呼び込むことになった。道路の大半は狭いので、貨物車のタイヤが道路側溝の上を通る回数が増えた。また、機械施工が建築の主流となり、大きなトラックや重機が道路側溝を横断して民地に入っていくようになった。道路側溝の破損は常態化した。道路端部も強化されなくてはいけない。そこで、道路構造全体を見直して、道路側溝の機能を持つ共同溝が考えられるようになった。 In addition, the design strength of road gutters has been reviewed. Until now, road gutters at the end of the road have been designed on the assumption that there is little traffic for cars. However, the generalization of mail-order sales due to the concentration of population in cities and the spread of the Internet has attracted wider freight vehicles to narrow roads more than ever. Most of the roads are narrow, so freight car tires pass over road gutters more often. In addition, mechanical construction has become the mainstream of construction, and large trucks and heavy machinery have begun to cross roadside ditches and enter private land. Road gutter damage has become a norm. Road edges must also be strengthened. Therefore, the entire road structure was reviewed, and a utility tunnel with the function of a road gutter came to be considered.
共同溝の普及が進まないのはイニシャルコストが大きいからである。そのために、従来の共同溝にはない機能を共同溝に付加することにより、総合的にコスト縮減を図る。 The reason why utility tunnels are not widespread is that the initial cost is high. Therefore, by adding functions not found in the conventional utility tunnel to the utility tunnel, the cost will be reduced comprehensively.
その付加的な機能で価値が高いのは、集中豪雨による洪水対策である。床上浸水や床下浸水を防ぐ対策である。次には、ヒートアイランド対策である。 One of the most valuable additional functions is flood control due to torrential rain. This is a measure to prevent inundation above and below the floor. Next is the measures against the heat island.
共同溝、集中豪雨による浸水、ヒートアイランドに共通する場所は都市である。その三つに共通する存在は道路管理者で、共同溝は道路管理者が主体となって整備する。 Common to utility tunnels, torrential rain floods, and the heat island is the city. The common existence of the three is the road manager, and the utility tunnel will be maintained mainly by the road manager.
本発明の共同溝（以下、前記共同溝という。）は、上記の課題を解決するために道路側溝の要にある雨水桝をベースに考えた。雨水桝に下水管が接続されているからである。それで、前記共同溝は、雨水桝の幅や深さを大きくして、図１に示すように雨水桝を並べて接続したかのような形状である。 The utility tunnel of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the utility tunnel) was considered based on the rainwater basin at the core of the road gutter in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. This is because the drainage pipe is connected to the rainwater basin. Therefore, the utility tunnel has a shape as if the rainwater basins were connected side by side as shown in FIG. 1 by increasing the width and depth of the rainwater basins.
前記共同溝の表面は道路側溝の形状も持ち、集水蓋（以下、前記蓋という。）がある。また、前記蓋は、ライフラインの点検口としてのマンホール蓋でもあり、前記共同溝の換気口である。前記蓋が雨水の集水蓋かつマンホール蓋であるため、大きな換気口が多くなり、自然換気だけですむので、強制換気が不要である。 The surface of the utility tunnel also has the shape of a roadside groove, and has a water collecting lid (hereinafter referred to as the lid). The lid is also a manhole cover as an inspection port of a lifeline, and is a ventilation port of the utility tunnel. Since the lid is a rainwater collecting lid and a manhole cover, there are many large ventilation openings, and only natural ventilation is required, so forced ventilation is not required.
前記共同溝内部は大きく上下に分かれる。下部は雨水渠であり、その底面部に雨水を最終的に集水する桝（以下、前記集水桝という。）を設ける。前記集水桝の一部は雨水用の下水道管に接続される。 The inside of the utility tunnel is largely divided into upper and lower parts. The lower part is a rainwater culvert, and a basin for finally collecting rainwater (hereinafter referred to as the above-mentioned basin) is provided on the bottom surface thereof. A part of the catchment basin is connected to a sewer pipe for rainwater.
前記集水桝の中に下水道管に接続されない浸透桝を設ける。そのことにより、河川などへの放流を緩和させるが、保水性を持たせるヒートアイランド対策でもある。 An infiltration basin that is not connected to the sewer pipe is provided in the catchment basin. By doing so, the discharge to rivers and the like is mitigated, but it is also a heat island measure that provides water retention.
前記共同溝の上部は、雨水渠以外のライフラインの置き場と人が維持管理の作業をする空間を形成する。その空間を豪雨時の雨水の貯留空間、すなわち、洪水調整池として一時的に用いる。そのことに本発明の特徴がある。 The upper part of the utility tunnel forms a place for lifelines other than the rainwater culvert and a space for people to perform maintenance work. The space is temporarily used as a storage space for rainwater during heavy rains, that is, as a flood control pond. This is a feature of the present invention.
記録的な豪雨の怖さは、雨水の放流先を一時的になくして、浸水被害を生じさせることである。そのために市街地に河川の拡幅、または、洪水調整池を設けるには、用地確保のための立ち退きもあり、非常に時間もコストもかかる。すると、洪水調整池の代打として前記共同溝の維持管理空間を一時的に用いた方が総合的に時間やコストの縮減になる。 The fear of record heavy rain is that it temporarily eliminates the discharge destination of rainwater, causing inundation damage. Therefore, widening rivers or establishing flood control ponds in urban areas requires eviction to secure land, which is extremely time-consuming and costly. Then, temporarily using the maintenance space of the utility tunnel as a substitute for the flood regulation pond will reduce the time and cost as a whole.
前記共同溝の内部が、いつ起こるか不明の豪雨対策の洪水調整池として一時的かつ自動的に用いられるので、前記共同溝の内部のライフラインは保護管で覆われている。 The lifeline inside the utility tunnel is covered with a protective pipe because the inside of the utility tunnel is temporarily and automatically used as a flood control pond for heavy rain countermeasures when it is unknown when it will occur.
本発明が特に効果的な地区は、集中豪雨による浸水被害を受けやすい低地にある市街地である。元は水田であったような地区である。市街地では河川の拡幅改良や洪水調整池の整備のための広い用地の確保が難航する。家屋の立ち退きが生じるからである。本発明は市街地の高額な用地取得や補償を必要としないので、時間やコストの縮減ができる。 Areas where the present invention is particularly effective are urban areas in lowlands that are susceptible to inundation damage due to torrential rain. It is a district that used to be a paddy field. In urban areas, it is difficult to secure a large area for improving the widening of rivers and developing flood regulation ponds. This is because the eviction of the house occurs. Since the present invention does not require expensive land acquisition or compensation in urban areas, time and cost can be reduced.
さらに、本発明が特に効果的な市街地は、下水道が合流式の地区である。合流式を分流式に切り替えるのに時間やコストがかかるが、本発明は分流式の機能を持つので、総合的にコストが縮減される。 Further, the urban area where the present invention is particularly effective is the area where the sewerage system is confluent. It takes time and cost to switch from the merging type to the dividing type, but since the present invention has the function of the dividing type, the cost is reduced overall.
本発明はヒートアイランド対策にも効果がある。一つ目の理由は、コンクリート舗装がアスファルト舗装に比べて路面温度低減効果があることに由来する。前記共同溝は、道路の表面にコンクリート面が露出しており、構造的に任意の点でライフラインの民地内への供給が可能なので、ライフラインの供給のための道路の掘削工事がほとんど不要となり、道路の掘削工事に利点を持つアスファルト舗装から耐久性のあるコンクリート舗装に切り替えられるからだ。道路の掘削工事がほとんどなくなれば、ライフサイクルコストでコンクリート舗装はアスファルト舗装に勝る。車の燃費もコンクリート舗装の方が勝る。 The present invention is also effective as a measure against heat island. The first reason is that concrete pavement has the effect of reducing the road surface temperature compared to asphalt pavement. Since the concrete surface of the common ditch is exposed on the surface of the road and the lifeline can be supplied into the private land at any point structurally, there is almost no need for road excavation work to supply the lifeline. This is because asphalt pavement, which has advantages for road excavation work, can be switched to durable concrete pavement. With little road excavation work, concrete pavement outperforms asphalt pavement in terms of life cycle cost. The fuel economy of the car is also better with concrete pavement.
本発明がヒートアイランド対策にも効果がある二つ目の理由は、前記共同溝の集水桝の多くが浸透桝であり、外気温よりも低い前記共同溝の底面部にあるので、比較的保水力があることに由来する。ヒートアイランド現象が都市化による保水力の減少に起因していることによる。 The second reason why the present invention is also effective against the heat island is that most of the catchment basins of the utility tunnel are permeation basins and are located on the bottom surface of the utility tunnel, which is lower than the outside air temperature, so that they are relatively protected. It comes from having hydraulic power. This is because the heat island phenomenon is caused by the decrease in water holding capacity due to urbanization.
本発明がヒートアイランド対策にも効果がある三つ目の理由は、前記共同溝の長大な地下空間による温度低減効果である。前記共同溝は内部に人が入って作業をする空間を持つために長大な地下空間を持つ。前記共同溝の地下空間は湿度が高く、夏は外気温よりも低いことから、前記蓋により常に自然換気がなされていることを通して、前記共同溝は温度低減効果を持つ。 The third reason why the present invention is also effective against the heat island is the temperature reduction effect due to the long underground space of the utility tunnel. The utility tunnel has a long underground space because it has a space for people to enter and work inside. Since the underground space of the utility tunnel has high humidity and is lower than the outside air temperature in summer, the utility tunnel has a temperature reducing effect through the fact that natural ventilation is always provided by the lid.
図１により本発明の実施形態を説明する。
共同溝１の内部は、内部の側壁にライフライン保護管を架ける受け具６があり、作業机５の上部は、人が入って維持管理の作業をする空間である。その空間は、洪水調整池としての代用の空間ともなる。An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
Inside the utility tunnel 1, there is a receiver 6 for hanging a lifeline protection pipe on the inner side wall, and the upper part of the work desk 5 is a space where a person can enter and perform maintenance work. The space can also be used as a substitute space for a flood control pond.
それで、共同溝１の幅は広いので、図１のようにＬ型側溝のような形状を共同溝１の表面に持たせても、路上に土砂が溜まらず、通行に適した緩やかな横断勾配が確保できる。 Therefore, since the width of the utility tunnel 1 is wide, even if the surface of the utility tunnel 1 is provided with a shape like an L-shaped side groove as shown in FIG. 1, earth and sand do not accumulate on the road and a gentle cross slope suitable for passage. Can be secured.
雨水を集める集水蓋２は、点検用のマンホール蓋でもあり、換気口でもある。 The water collecting lid 2 for collecting rainwater is both a manhole cover for inspection and a ventilation port.
集水蓋２は、雨水を集水する蓋であるので、蓋と蓋の間の距離が比較的近い。それで、ライフラインを民地へ引き込もうとノックアウト孔７を通してライフラインを曲げたために共同溝１内部で人の通行ができない部分ができても、最寄りの集水蓋２が近いので、その集水蓋２を利用して共同溝１の内部に入りなおせるので、共同溝１の内部空間の一部を通過できなくても、目的の位置に行ける。それで、任意の点における引き込みが特殊部を用いずに可能なので、民地における建物の建て替え計画に柔軟に対応できる。 Since the water collecting lid 2 is a lid for collecting rainwater, the distance between the lids is relatively short. Therefore, even if there is a part inside the utility tunnel 1 where people cannot pass because the lifeline is bent through the knockout hole 7 to pull the lifeline into the private land, the nearest water collecting lid 2 is near, so that water collecting lid Since it is possible to re-enter the inside of the utility tunnel 1 by using 2, the target position can be reached even if a part of the internal space of the utility tunnel 1 cannot be passed. Therefore, it is possible to pull in at any point without using a special part, so it is possible to flexibly respond to the rebuilding plan of the building in the private land.
作業机５はライフラインを仮に置くなどの維持管理作業のときに用いられる。また、共同溝１の内部空間の下方にある雨水渠を共同溝１の底面部とで形成する。また、作業机５は雨水の集水口３を持つ。雨水渠は、共同溝１の幅が広いので、浅くできる。数年に一度の降雨強度に対応できる浅さでよい。それで、集水口３から共同溝１の底面部にある集水桝の４への距離は近い。集水口３は集水桝４の管理のためにも集水桝４の蓋よりも大きく、常時、解放されている孔である。 The work desk 5 is used for maintenance work such as temporarily placing a lifeline. Further, a rainwater culvert below the internal space of the utility tunnel 1 is formed with the bottom surface of the utility tunnel 1. Further, the work desk 5 has a rainwater collection port 3. The rainwater culvert can be made shallow because the utility tunnel 1 is wide. It may be shallow enough to handle the rainfall intensity once every few years. Therefore, the distance from the water collecting port 3 to the
また、集水桝４の一部だけが、雨水用の下水管に接続される。その他の集水桝４は浸透桝である。交差点などによる共同溝１の不連続点や河川への放流先などで、集水桝４を雨水用の下水管に接続する。浸透桝は、保水性を高めるヒートアイランド対策にもなるが、洪水を緩和するためにもある。 Further, only a part of the
１ 共同溝
２ 集水蓋
３ 集水口
４ 集水桝
５ 作業机
６ 受け具
７ ノックアウト孔1 Utility tunnel 2 Water collection lid 3
Claims (1)
前記共同溝上部の表面は、道路の表面に露出しており、道路の一部を形成していて、その表面に雨水を集水する蓋（以下、前記蓋という。）があり、前記蓋はライフラインの点検口としてのマンホール蓋、前記共同溝の換気口でもあり、
前記共同溝の内部にライフラインを仮に置くなどの作業をする机（以下、前記机という。）があり、前記机により、前記共同溝の内部空間が上下に分けてあり、前記共同溝の内部空間の下部は、雨水渠（以下、前記雨水渠という。）を形成し、前記雨水渠の底面部に雨水を最終的に集水する桝（以下、前記集水桝という。）が設けてあり、前記机は雨水の集水口としての孔を持ち、その孔の大きさは前記雨水渠の底部にある前記集水桝の蓋よりも大きく、前記集水桝の点検口となっており、前記集水桝の一部は雨水用の下水道管（雨水管）に接続されるが、他の前記集水桝が浸透桝であり、
前記共同溝の内部空間の上部は、「前記雨水渠を除いたライフラインを収納する空間」と「人がライフラインの維持管理の作業をする空間（以下、前記作業空間という。）」とから形成されており、
前記作業空間を豪雨時の雨水の貯留空間、すなわち、洪水調整池として一時的に用いることができる、
共同溝。」 Joint grooves shaped as if it were arranged rainwater basins in the main road gutter connected along the road extending direction (hereinafter, referred to as the joint groove.) Der is,
The joint groove top surface is exposed to the surface of the road, form part of a road, a lid for collecting rainwater on the surface (hereinafter, referred to as the lid.) There is, the lid Ri mower is manhole cover as inspection port of the life line, in the ventilation opening of the joint groove,
The desk to work, such as putting the inside of the joint groove to the life line if (hereinafter referred to as the desk.) There Ri, by the desk, Ri Oh interior space of the joint groove is divided into upper and lower, the joint groove A rainwater culvert (hereinafter referred to as the rainwater culvert) is formed in the lower part of the internal space of the rainwater culvert, and a basin (hereinafter referred to as the water collecting basin) for finally collecting rainwater is provided on the bottom surface of the rainwater culvert. Thea is, the desk has a hole as a catchment opening of rainwater, the size of the hole is larger than the lid of the water collecting basins in the bottom of the rainwater sewer, become the catchment basins inspection opening cage, part of the water collecting basins are connected to the sewer pipe for rainwater (rainwater pipes), another one of the water collecting basins is Ri percolating box der,
The upper part of the internal space of the utility tunnel is composed of "a space for storing a lifeline excluding the rainwater culvert" and "a space for people to perform maintenance work on the lifeline (hereinafter referred to as the work space)". Has been formed and
The work space can be temporarily used as a storage space for rainwater during heavy rain, that is, as a flood regulation pond.
Utility tunnel. "
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018174238A JP6869457B2 (en) | 2018-08-25 | 2018-08-25 | Utility tunnel with flood control function |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018174238A JP6869457B2 (en) | 2018-08-25 | 2018-08-25 | Utility tunnel with flood control function |
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