JP6841399B2 - Production method of plant-based biomass fuel, plant-based biomass fertilizer, soil conditioner, and plant-based biomass fuel - Google Patents
Production method of plant-based biomass fuel, plant-based biomass fertilizer, soil conditioner, and plant-based biomass fuel Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 172
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 73
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 52
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010899 old newspaper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
本発明は、廃グリセリンを利用した植物系バイオマス燃料、植物系バイオマス肥料、土壌改良材、及び、植物系バイオマス燃料の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a plant-based biomass fuel using waste glycerin, a plant-based biomass fertilizer, a soil conditioner, and a method for producing a plant-based biomass fuel.
食物を調理した後に捨てられる廃食油からバイオディーゼルオイルが生産されている。バイオディーゼルオイルを生産する際には、廃食油に含まれるトリアシルグリセロールなどの脂肪とメタノールなどのアルコールとをアルカリ触媒の存在下で反応させて、グリセリンと脂肪酸メチルエステルとを生じさせる。この反応によって生じた脂肪酸メチルエステルがバイオディーゼルオイルとして利用される。 Biodiesel oil is produced from waste cooking oil that is discarded after cooking food. In the production of biodiesel oil, fats such as triacylglycerol contained in waste cooking oil and alcohols such as methanol are reacted in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to produce glycerin and fatty acid methyl ester. The fatty acid methyl ester produced by this reaction is used as biodiesel oil.
上記の反応によって、副生したグリセリンは、黒色の粘性物であり、グリセリン以外にメタノールや水酸化ナトリウムや有機物を含有しており、廃グリセリンと呼ばれている。 Glycerin produced by the above reaction is a black viscous substance, contains methanol, sodium hydroxide and organic substances in addition to glycerin, and is called waste glycerin.
バイオディーゼルオイルだけではなく、副生する廃グリセリンについても燃料として利用する試みが行われている。例えば、特許文献１には、廃グリセリンなどの廃油に対して、加熱乾燥した木質系バイオマスを混合して、固体燃料を製造する方法が記載されている。 Attempts have been made to use not only biodiesel oil but also waste glycerin produced as a by-product as fuel. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a method for producing a solid fuel by mixing heat-dried woody biomass with waste oil such as waste glycerin.
特許文献２には、廃グリセリンに対して、所定量の濃硝酸及び濃硫酸を混合して、その後これを中和して、液体燃料を製造する方法が記載されている。 Patent Document 2 describes a method for producing a liquid fuel by mixing a predetermined amount of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid with waste glycerin and then neutralizing the mixture.
特許文献３には、所定量のグリセリン廃棄物に対して、所定量の鉱物油を加えて加熱と混合を行い、その後これに過酸化水素水と酢酸とを混合して遠心分離を行い、上澄みを回収するなどすることが記載されている。そして、上澄みを液体燃料として利用することが記載されている。 In Patent Document 3, a predetermined amount of mineral oil is added to a predetermined amount of glycerin waste, heated and mixed, and then hydrogen peroxide solution and acetic acid are mixed and centrifuged to obtain a supernatant. It is described that it will be collected. Then, it is described that the supernatant is used as a liquid fuel.
特許文献１の方法では、発熱量が５９４０ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇの廃グリセリンに対して乾燥した本畳の破砕物を混合して、固体燃料とする。固体燃料の熱量は４５００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇである。廃グリセリンと固体燃料の熱量を比較すると固体燃料の熱量が約２５％ほど低下している。 In the method of Patent Document 1, a crushed product of dried tatami mats is mixed with waste glycerin having a calorific value of 5940 kcal / kg to obtain a solid fuel. The calorific value of the solid fuel is 4500 kcal / kg. Comparing the calorific value of waste glycerin and solid fuel, the calorific value of solid fuel is reduced by about 25%.
特許文献２及び特許文献３の燃料は、液体燃料であり、植物系バイオマスを原料とするものではない。したがって、大量に発生する植物系バイオマスを有効に利用することができない。 The fuels of Patent Documents 2 and 3 are liquid fuels and are not made from plant-based biomass. Therefore, it is not possible to effectively utilize the plant-based biomass generated in large quantities.
本発明は、植物系バイオマスに由来する固形分と廃グリセリンとを混合することによって、原料とした廃グリセリンの熱量よりも高い熱量を発揮する植物系バイオマス燃料及びその製造方法、並びにそれを利用した植物系バイオマス肥料、及び土壌改良材を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention utilizes a plant-based biomass fuel that exhibits a higher calorific value than the calorific value of waste glycerin used as a raw material by mixing solid content derived from plant-based biomass and waste glycerin, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing the same. It is an object of the present invention to provide a plant-based biomass fertilizer and a soil improving material.
堆肥化した植物系バイオマスと、水溶性の廃グリセリン液とを含有する植物系バイオマス燃料によって、上記の課題を解決する。堆肥化した植物系バイオマスと水溶性の廃グリセリン液とを組み合わせて植物系バイオマス燃料とするよって、廃グリセリン液単体の熱量に比較して、植物系バイオマス燃料が発する熱量を大きくすることができる。 The above-mentioned problems are solved by a plant-based biomass fuel containing composted plant-based biomass and a water-soluble waste glycerin solution. By combining the composted plant-based biomass and the water-soluble waste glycerin solution into a plant-based biomass fuel, the amount of heat generated by the plant-based biomass fuel can be increased as compared with the calorific value of the waste glycerin solution alone.
固形物の重量に換算して１０〜７５質量％の植物系バイオマスを含有することが好ましい。これによって、植物系バイオマス燃料を着火しやすくして、燃料持続時間も長くすることができる。 It is preferable to contain 10 to 75% by mass of plant-based biomass in terms of the weight of the solid matter. This makes it easier to ignite the plant-based biomass fuel and prolongs the fuel duration.
堆肥化した植物系バイオマスの含水率は、３０質量％以下であることが好ましい。堆肥化した植物系バイオマスの含水率を下げることで、堆肥化した植物系バイオマスが水溶性の廃グリセリン液を吸収しやすくすることができる。 The water content of the composted plant-based biomass is preferably 30% by mass or less. By lowering the water content of the composted plant-based biomass, the composted plant-based biomass can easily absorb the water-soluble waste glycerin solution.
水溶性の廃グリセリンの含水率は、４５質量％以下であることが好ましい。含水率を小さくすることで、植物系バイオマス燃料を着火しやすくして、燃焼持続時間を長くすることができる。 The water content of the water-soluble waste glycerin is preferably 45% by mass or less. By reducing the water content, the plant-based biomass fuel can be easily ignited and the combustion duration can be lengthened.
例えば上記の植物系バイオマス燃料の燃焼灰に肥効成分を混合することで、植物系バイオマス燃料の燃焼灰と、肥効成分とを含有する植物系バイオマス肥料を得ることができる。これにより、植物系バイオマス燃料の燃焼灰も余さず利用して廃材の排出を防ぐことができる。 For example, by mixing a fertilizing component with the combustion ash of the above-mentioned plant-based biomass fuel, a plant-based biomass fertilizer containing the combustion ash of the plant-based biomass fuel and the fertilizing component can be obtained. As a result, it is possible to prevent the discharge of waste materials by fully utilizing the combustion ash of the plant-based biomass fuel.
例えば上記の植物系バイオマス燃料の燃焼中に植物系バイオマス燃料に対してシリコーンオイルを散布することで、植物系バイオマス燃料の燃焼灰と、その表面に配されるシリコーン層とを備える植物系バイオマスを利用した撥水性を有する土壌改良材を得ることができる。これにより、植物系バイオマス燃料の燃焼灰も余さず利用して廃材の排出を防ぐことができる。 For example, by spraying silicone oil on the plant-based biomass fuel during the combustion of the above-mentioned plant-based biomass fuel, the plant-based biomass having the combustion ash of the plant-based biomass fuel and the silicone layer arranged on the surface thereof can be obtained. It is possible to obtain the utilized soil improving material having water repellency. As a result, it is possible to prevent the discharge of waste materials by fully utilizing the combustion ash of the plant-based biomass fuel.
上記の植物系バイオマス燃料は、堆肥化した植物系バイオマス燃料と、水溶性の廃グリセリン液とを混合する工程を含む製造方法によって製造することができる。水溶性の廃グリセリン液は、例えば、バイオディーゼルオイルを製造する際に副生した固体又は高粘性の廃グリセリンを酸と疎水性の液体とで処理することによって、得ることができる。これによって、グリセリンの含有量を高めることができる。 The above-mentioned plant-based biomass fuel can be produced by a production method including a step of mixing a composted plant-based biomass fuel and a water-soluble waste glycerin solution. The water-soluble waste glycerin solution can be obtained, for example, by treating the solid or highly viscous waste glycerin produced as a by-product in the production of biodiesel oil with an acid and a hydrophobic liquid. This makes it possible to increase the content of glycerin.
本発明によれば、原料とした廃グリセリンの熱量よりも高い熱量を発揮する植物系バイオマス燃料、及びその製造方法、並びに前記燃料を利用した植物系バイオマス肥料、及び土壌改良材を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a plant-based biomass fuel that exhibits a calorific value higher than the calorific value of waste glycerin used as a raw material, a method for producing the same, a plant-based biomass fertilizer using the fuel, and a soil conditioner. it can.
以下、本発明を実施するための形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described.
本発明の植物系バイオマス燃料は、堆肥化した植物系バイオマス燃料と、水溶性の廃グリセリン液とを含有する。 The plant-based biomass fuel of the present invention contains a composted plant-based biomass fuel and a water-soluble waste glycerin solution.
植物系バイオマスとしては、燃焼させることによって熱を発生する植物系の材料を使用することが好ましい。例えば、新聞紙、木粉、木チップ、稲藁、落ち葉、雑草などを植物系バイオマスとして利用することができる。廃材を利用することが好ましく、木粉や木チップについては、例えば、木の枝、木くずなどを利用することが好ましい。稲わらについては、例えば、廃畳の畳床やキノコの栽培に使用した稲わらを利用することが好ましい。新聞は古新聞であることが好ましい。木質バイオマス、特に廃材を利用することによって、カーボンニュートラルな燃料を提供することが可能になる。植物系バイオマスは、破砕したものを使用すると表面積が多くなり水溶性の廃グリセリン液と接触する面積を大きくすることができるので好ましい。 As the plant-based biomass, it is preferable to use a plant-based material that generates heat by burning. For example, newspaper, wood flour, wood chips, rice straw, fallen leaves, weeds, etc. can be used as plant-based biomass. It is preferable to use waste wood, and for wood flour and wood chips, for example, it is preferable to use tree branches, wood chips, and the like. As for rice straw, for example, it is preferable to use a tatami mat bed of abandoned tatami mats or rice straw used for mushroom cultivation. The newspaper is preferably an old newspaper. By utilizing woody biomass, especially waste wood, it becomes possible to provide carbon-neutral fuel. It is preferable to use crushed plant-based biomass because it has a large surface area and can increase the area of contact with the water-soluble waste glycerin solution.
上記の廃材及び廃グリセリン液は、従来は産業廃棄物として捨てられるだけであり、産業廃棄物として処分するにもコストが必要であり、何ら有効利用されることなく処分されており、焼却処分などによって二酸化炭素を放出するだけのものであった。本発明では、これらを有効利用するものである。しかも、堆肥と水溶性グリセリン液とを混合することで、水溶性の廃グリセリン液を単体で燃焼させるよりも高い熱量を発揮させることが可能になる。 Conventionally, the above waste materials and waste glycerin liquid are only discarded as industrial waste, and there is a cost to dispose of them as industrial waste. It only released carbon dioxide. In the present invention, these are effectively used. Moreover, by mixing the compost and the water-soluble glycerin solution, it is possible to exert a higher amount of heat than burning the water-soluble waste glycerin solution alone.
堆肥化は、植物系バイオマスを堆積又は容器に入れて保管することによって、腐熟させることにより行うことが好ましい。植物系バイオマスは、体積又は撹拌する前に蒸気と接触させて加熱すると、植物系バイオマスに適度な水分を含ませると共に植物系バイオマスの細胞壁を凝縮熱で破壊して発酵を促進させることができる。蒸気と接触させることによって、短い期間で堆肥化を完了させることが可能となり、また、堆肥が廃グリセリン液をより吸収しやすくなる。植物系バイオマス燃料により多くの廃グリセリン液を吸収させることによって、植物系バイオマス燃料が発生する単位容積当たりの熱量を増大させることができる。 Composting is preferably carried out by ripening the plant biomass by depositing it or storing it in a container. When the plant-based biomass is heated by contacting it with steam before volume or stirring, the plant-based biomass can contain an appropriate amount of water and the cell wall of the plant-based biomass can be destroyed by heat of condensation to promote fermentation. By contacting with steam, composting can be completed in a short period of time, and the compost can more easily absorb the waste glycerin solution. By absorbing a large amount of waste glycerin solution in the plant-based biomass fuel, the amount of heat generated per unit volume of the plant-based biomass fuel can be increased.
植物系バイオマス燃料を堆積する場合は、ブルーシートなどのシートを被せて、風雨によって堆肥が流失したり吹き飛ばされないようにすると共に、堆肥が乾燥しないようにして行うことが好ましい。植物系バイオマスを容器に入れて保管する場合は、蓋を被せることによって、シートを被せるのと同様の効果を得ることができる。 When depositing plant-based biomass fuel, it is preferable to cover it with a sheet such as a blue sheet to prevent the compost from being washed away or blown off by wind and rain, and to prevent the compost from drying out. When plant-based biomass is stored in a container, the same effect as that of covering with a sheet can be obtained by covering with a lid.
廃グリセリン液は、水溶性のものを使用する。これによって、堆肥化した植物系バイオマス（以下、単に堆肥と称することがある。）と水溶性の廃グリセリン液とを混合した際に廃グリセリン液を堆肥に速やかに吸収させることが可能になる。そして、植物系バイオマス燃料を燃焼させたときに水分と疎水性の廃グリセリンとが共存することに起因する爆ぜが生じることを防ぐことができる。水溶性の廃グリセリン液を使用することによって、堆肥や水溶性グリセリン液に水分が含まれていたとしても、特に水分を除去する工程を行うことなく、原料として使用することも可能になる。これによって、水溶性の廃グリセリン液や堆肥から水分を除去する工程を省略したり短縮することが可能になる。 Use a water-soluble waste glycerin solution. This makes it possible to quickly absorb the waste glycerin solution into the compost when the composted plant-based biomass (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as compost) and the water-soluble waste glycerin solution are mixed. Then, when the plant-based biomass fuel is burned, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of explosion due to the coexistence of water and hydrophobic waste glycerin. By using the water-soluble waste glycerin solution, even if the compost or the water-soluble glycerin solution contains water, it can be used as a raw material without performing a step of removing the water. This makes it possible to omit or shorten the step of removing water from the water-soluble waste glycerin solution or compost.
水溶性の廃グリセリン液は、例えば、バイオディーゼルオイルを製造する際に副生する廃グリセリン液を酸と疎水性の液体とで処理することによって、得ることができる。酸は、例えば、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、及び酢酸からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも１種以上の酸を使用することが好ましい。塩酸は鉄を腐食しやすく、硝酸はニトログリセリンを生じやすい。このため、硫酸、酢酸又はこれらの混合物を使用することが好ましい。 The water-soluble waste glycerin solution can be obtained, for example, by treating the waste glycerin solution produced as a by-product in the production of biodiesel oil with an acid and a hydrophobic liquid. As the acid, for example, it is preferable to use at least one acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and acetic acid. Hydrochloric acid easily corrodes iron, and nitric acid easily produces nitroglycerin. Therefore, it is preferable to use sulfuric acid, acetic acid or a mixture thereof.
疎水性の液体としては、化石油、有機溶媒、鉱物油及び植物油からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも１種以上の疎水性の液体を使用することが好ましい。化石油としては、例えばガソリン、軽油、重油が挙げられる。有機溶媒としては、トルエン、ヘキサン、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチルなどが挙げられる。植物油としては、菜種油、椿油、オリーブ油などが挙げられる。 As the hydrophobic liquid, it is preferable to use at least one hydrophobic liquid selected from the group consisting of petroleum chemicals, organic solvents, mineral oils and vegetable oils. Examples of petroleum chemicals include gasoline, light oil, and heavy oil. Examples of the organic solvent include toluene, hexane, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like. Examples of vegetable oils include rapeseed oil, camellia oil, and olive oil.
例えば、バイオディーゼルオイルを得る際に副生した廃グリセリンが疎水性の場合でも、疎水性の廃グリセリンを酸と疎水性の液体とで処理することによって、水溶性の廃グリセリン液にすることができる。また、前記の処理によって、グリセリン液の含有量を高めることも可能になる。これによって、堆肥と水溶性の廃グリセリン液とを混合して固形燃料としたときに固形燃料が発する熱量を高めることが可能になる。 For example, even if the waste glycerin produced as a by-product in obtaining biodiesel oil is hydrophobic, it is possible to obtain a water-soluble waste glycerin solution by treating the hydrophobic waste glycerin with an acid and a hydrophobic liquid. it can. In addition, the above treatment also makes it possible to increase the content of the glycerin solution. This makes it possible to increase the amount of heat generated by the solid fuel when the compost and the water-soluble waste glycerin solution are mixed to form a solid fuel.
植物系バイオマス燃料は、固形物の重量に換算して１０〜７５質量％の堆肥化した植物系バイオマスを含有することが好ましく、固形物の重量に換算して２８〜７５質量％の堆肥化した植物系バイオマスを含有することが好ましく、固形物の重量に換算して２８〜６０質量％の堆肥化した植物系バイオマスを含有することがさらに好ましい。残部は、水溶性グリセリン液であることが好ましいが、エタノールやメタノールなどのアルコール燃料を着火助剤として配合してもよい。 The plant-based biomass fuel preferably contains 10 to 75% by mass of composted plant-based biomass in terms of the weight of the solid matter, and 28 to 75% by mass of the composted plant-based biomass in terms of the weight of the solid matter. It preferably contains plant-based biomass, and more preferably contains 28 to 60% by mass of composted plant-based biomass in terms of the weight of solid matter. The balance is preferably a water-soluble glycerin solution, but an alcohol fuel such as ethanol or methanol may be blended as an ignition aid.
堆肥化した植物系バイオマス燃料の含水率は、３０質量％以下であることが好ましく、２０質量％以下であることがより好ましく、１０質量％以下であることがさらに好ましい。含水率は低いほど、水溶性グリセリン液の吸収が良好になり、植物系バイオマス燃料の着火に要する時間が短くなる。しかし、堆肥を完全に乾燥するのは労力がかかることがある。したがって、含水率は３質量％以上とすることが好ましい。含水率は、例えば、堆肥化した植物系バイオマスを加熱したり、風に当てて乾燥させたり、天日干しにしたりすることによって、低下させることができる。 The water content of the composted plant-based biomass fuel is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, and further preferably 10% by mass or less. The lower the water content, the better the absorption of the water-soluble glycerin solution, and the shorter the time required for ignition of the plant-based biomass fuel. However, it can be laborious to completely dry the compost. Therefore, the water content is preferably 3% by mass or more. The moisture content can be reduced, for example, by heating the composted plant-based biomass, exposing it to the wind to dry it, or drying it in the sun.
水溶性の廃グリセリン液の含水率は、４５質量％以下であることが好ましく、３５質量％以下であることがより好ましく、２０質量％以下であることがさらに好ましい。水溶性グリセリン液の含水率が小さいほうが、植物系バイオマス燃料は着火しやすくなり、燃焼時間も長くなる。さらに、廃グリセリンの含有率を高めて、植物系バイオマス燃料が発する熱量を大きくすることができる。一方で、含水率をゼロするのは労力がかかることがある。したがって、含水率は２質量％以上とすることが好ましい。含水率は、例えば、水溶性の廃グリセリン液を加熱して水分を蒸発させたり、ゼオライトを利用して水分を吸着することによって小さくすることができる。 The water content of the water-soluble waste glycerin solution is preferably 45% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass or less, and further preferably 20% by mass or less. The smaller the water content of the water-soluble glycerin solution, the easier it is for the plant-based biomass fuel to ignite and the longer the combustion time. Furthermore, the content of waste glycerin can be increased to increase the amount of heat generated by the plant-based biomass fuel. On the other hand, it can be laborious to reduce the water content to zero. Therefore, the water content is preferably 2% by mass or more. The water content can be reduced, for example, by heating a water-soluble waste glycerin solution to evaporate the water content or by adsorbing the water content using zeolite.
バイオマス燃料を燃料として燃焼させた後には、燃焼灰が残る。この燃焼灰は肥料として使用することができる。燃焼灰に肥厚成分を含有する化合物を混合することでさらに肥効を高めることができる。肥厚成分としては、例えば、窒素、リン酸、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも１種以上の化合物が挙げられる。 Combustion ash remains after burning biomass fuel as fuel. This combustion ash can be used as fertilizer. The fertilizing effect can be further enhanced by mixing the combustion ash with a compound containing a thickening component. Examples of the thickening component include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
バイオマス燃料の燃焼灰は、撥水性を有する土壌改良剤としても利用することができる。例えば、燃焼中のバイオマス燃料に噴霧器を用いてシリコーンを含有する液を吹き付ける。これによって、液は速やかに気化して、バイオマス燃料はシリコーンによって被覆される。燃焼完了後には、表面にシリコーン層を備える燃焼灰が残る。この燃焼灰は、例えば、砂漠化した土地の土壌の下に埋設することで、土壌の保水力を高めることができる。この燃焼灰は堆肥を利用していることから、肥効も同時に発揮する。これによって、砂漠化した土地の保水力と肥効を与えて、植物が生長するのを促進することができる。上述のように焼却灰に肥効成分を混合することでさらに肥効を高めることが可能になる。 The combustion ash of biomass fuel can also be used as a soil conditioner having water repellency. For example, a liquid containing silicone is sprayed onto the burning biomass fuel using a nebulizer. This causes the liquid to vaporize rapidly and the biomass fuel to be coated with silicone. After the combustion is completed, combustion ash with a silicone layer remains on the surface. By burying this combustion ash under the soil of desertified land, for example, the water retention capacity of the soil can be enhanced. Since this combustion ash uses compost, it also exerts a fertilizing effect at the same time. This can provide water retention and fertilizer effects on desertified lands and promote plant growth. By mixing the fertilizing component with the incineration ash as described above, the fertilizing effect can be further enhanced.
以下、本発明の実施例を挙げて、さらに具体的に説明する。以下に挙げる実施例は一つの例に過ぎず本発明はこの実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be given and more specifically described. The examples listed below are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to these examples.
［堆肥化］
植物系バイオマスとして、マッシュルームの栽培に使用した稲藁を使用し、当該稲藁を撹拌しながらボイラーで発生させた飽和水蒸気を噴射して稲藁を加熱した。加熱した稲藁を堆積してブルーシートで覆って常温で１週間発酵させた。稲藁は、０．１〜５０ｍｍ程度の小片に切断されている。発酵後の稲藁は、さらに小片化が進み土のような外観となっていた。この堆肥を乾燥させて含水率が３％となるようにした。なお、含水率は次式によって求めた。絶乾質量とは、温度１０５±５℃の乾燥器内において一定質量になるまで乾燥した後、常温まで冷却したときの質量である。
[Composting]
As the plant-based biomass, the rice straw used for mushroom cultivation was used, and the saturated steam generated in the boiler was injected while stirring the rice straw to heat the rice straw. The heated rice straw was deposited, covered with a blue sheet, and fermented at room temperature for 1 week. Rice straw is cut into small pieces of about 0.1 to 50 mm. After fermentation, the rice straw was further fragmented and had a soil-like appearance. This compost was dried to have a moisture content of 3%. The water content was calculated by the following formula. The absolute dry mass is the mass when the product is dried to a constant mass in a dryer having a temperature of 105 ± 5 ° C. and then cooled to room temperature.
［数１］
含水率（質量％）＝［（乾燥前の堆肥の質量−堆肥の絶乾質量）／（乾燥前の堆肥の質量）〕×１００
[Number 1]
Moisture content (mass%) = [(mass of compost before drying-absolute mass of compost) / (mass of compost before drying)] x 100
［水溶性グリセリン液］
飲食店から出た廃食油を回収し、この廃食油に対してメタノール及び水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を混合して、アルカリ触媒法によって、バイオディーゼル燃料を製造した。この際に以下の表１に示す廃グリセリンが副生した。
Waste cooking oil from restaurants was recovered, and methanol and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide were mixed with the waste cooking oil to produce a biodiesel fuel by an alkaline catalyst method. At this time, waste glycerin shown in Table 1 below was produced as a by-product.
上記の廃グリセリンを回収して、濃硫酸を加えて３５℃でよく撹拌した。撹拌物を静置したところ三層に比重分離した。一番上の層は油脂を主に含有する液体であり、その外観は透明度のある褐色であった。上から二番目の層はグリセリンと油脂とを主に含む液体であり、その外観は不透明な褐色であった。一番下の層が固体の中和塩であり、その外観は白濁色であった。 The above waste glycerin was recovered, concentrated sulfuric acid was added, and the mixture was stirred well at 35 ° C. When the stirred product was allowed to stand, the specific gravity was separated into three layers. The top layer was a liquid that mainly contained fats and oils, and its appearance was a transparent brown color. The second layer from the top was a liquid containing mainly glycerin and fats and oils, and its appearance was opaque brown. The bottom layer was a solid neutralizing salt, the appearance of which was cloudy.
上記の上から二番目の層を抽出して、これに軽油を加えて３５℃でよく撹拌した。これを静置したところ、二層に比重分離した。上の層が油脂分を含む層であり、下の層が水溶性のグリセリン液であった。水溶性の廃グリセリン液の化学組成及び物性を表２に示す。 The second layer from the top was extracted, light oil was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred well at 35 ° C. When this was allowed to stand, the specific gravity was separated into two layers. The upper layer was a layer containing fats and oils, and the lower layer was a water-soluble glycerin solution. Table 2 shows the chemical composition and physical characteristics of the water-soluble waste glycerin solution.
上記の水溶性の廃グリセリン液と堆肥の合計重量に対して、堆肥から水分を除いた堆肥の固形物の重量が１５質量％となるように、水溶性の廃グリセリン液及び堆肥を計量して、両者を容器に入れてヘラを使用してよく混合した。 Weigh the water-soluble waste glycerin solution and compost so that the weight of the solid material of the compost excluding water from the compost is 15% by mass with respect to the total weight of the water-soluble waste glycerin solution and compost. , Both were placed in a container and mixed well using a spatula.
水溶性の廃グリセリン液と堆肥とを混合して１日が経過した後の植物系バイオマスは、堆肥が水溶性の廃グリセリン液を吸収してスラリー状のやや粘性を帯びたゲル状の燃料となっていた。この植物系バイオマス燃料の熱量をＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２７９に準拠した方法で熱量を測定したところ５９００ｃａｌ／ｇであった。 After one day has passed by mixing the water-soluble waste glycerin solution and the compost, the plant-based biomass becomes a slurry-like, slightly viscous gel-like fuel in which the compost absorbs the water-soluble waste glycerin solution. It was. The calorific value of this plant-based biomass fuel was 5900 cal / g when the calorific value was measured by a method according to JIS K 2279.
上記の通り、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２７９に準拠した方法で測定した水溶性の廃グリセリン液の熱量は３８００ｃａｌ／ｇである。一方、水溶性の廃グリセリン液と堆肥化した植物系バイオマスを混合して得た本実施例の植物系バイオマス燃料の熱量は５９００ｃａｌ／ｇであった。水溶性の廃グリセリン液に対して堆肥化した植物系バイオマスを混合することによって、水溶性のグリセリン液を単体で使用する場合に比較して、発生する熱量が５６％ほど上昇したことがわかる。 As described above, the calorific value of the water-soluble waste glycerin solution measured by the method according to JIS K 2279 is 3800 cal / g. On the other hand, the calorific value of the plant-based biomass fuel of this example obtained by mixing the water-soluble waste glycerin solution and the composted plant-based biomass was 5900 cal / g. It can be seen that by mixing the composted plant-based biomass with the water-soluble waste glycerin solution, the amount of heat generated is increased by about 56% as compared with the case where the water-soluble glycerin solution is used alone.
堆肥と水溶性の廃グリセリン液とを混合することによって発生する熱量が上昇する詳細な機構は不明であるが、堆肥に含まれる雑多な微生物によって、水溶性の廃グリセリン液に含まれる成分がエタノールなどの可燃性の成分になったためであると推測される。また、水溶性の廃グリセリンに含まれる成分のうち難燃性であり発生する熱量を低下させる成分が堆肥に含まれる雑多な微生物によって分解されたためであるとも推測される。 The detailed mechanism by which the amount of heat generated by mixing compost and the water-soluble waste glycerin solution increases is unknown, but due to the miscellaneous microorganisms contained in the compost, the components contained in the water-soluble waste glycerin solution are ethanol. It is presumed that this is because it became a flammable component. It is also presumed that among the components contained in the water-soluble waste glycerin, the components that are flame-retardant and reduce the amount of heat generated are decomposed by various microorganisms contained in the compost.
比較のために、以下の方法で木粉と水溶性の廃グリセリン液とを混合して、燃料を製造した。市販の５〜１０ｍｍ径程度の木チップを粉砕機を用いて１〜２ｍｍ程度に粉砕して、含水率１０〜１５％の木粉を得た。この木粉１０００ｇと、水溶性グリセリン液１０００ｇとを混合してよく攪拌して燃料を得た。燃料は木粉が水溶性グリセリン液を吸収しておからのようなぼそぼそとした状態で、外観は木チップの色であった。この燃料について、ＪＩＳ Ｍ ８８１４に準拠した方法で熱量を測定しようと試みたが、着火せず発熱量を測定することができなかった。 For comparison, wood flour and a water-soluble waste glycerin solution were mixed by the following method to produce a fuel. Commercially available wood chips having a diameter of about 5 to 10 mm were crushed to about 1 to 2 mm using a crusher to obtain wood powder having a water content of 10 to 15%. 1000 g of this wood powder and 1000 g of a water-soluble glycerin solution were mixed and stirred well to obtain a fuel. The fuel was in a sloppy state as if the wood powder had absorbed the water-soluble glycerin solution, and the appearance was the color of wood chips. An attempt was made to measure the calorific value of this fuel by a method conforming to JIS M 8814, but the calorific value could not be measured without ignition.
［堆肥の含水率］
次いで、堆肥の含水率を４０質量％、２８質量％、１５質量％、又は３質量％になるまで乾燥させた堆肥を準備して、これに上記の水溶性の廃グリセリンを混合して、植物系バイオマス燃料を製造した。堆肥の含水率が低いほど水溶性の廃グリセリン液の吸収が良好であった。堆肥の含水率が低いほど、燃料の着火性、燃料が燃焼する時間、及び発熱量の各特性において優れることがわかった。堆肥の含水率が４０質量％の場合は、燃料が着火させるのに比較的に長い時間を要した。
[Moisture content of compost]
Next, a compost dried to a moisture content of 40% by mass, 28% by mass, 15% by mass, or 3% by mass of the compost is prepared, and the above-mentioned water-soluble waste glycerin is mixed with the compost to prepare a plant. Manufactured a system biomass fuel. The lower the water content of the compost, the better the absorption of the water-soluble waste glycerin solution. It was found that the lower the water content of the compost, the better the ignitability of the fuel, the burning time of the fuel, and the calorific value. When the water content of the compost was 40% by mass, it took a relatively long time for the fuel to ignite.
［水溶性の廃グリセリン液の含水率］
次いで、水溶性の廃グリセリン液の含水率を５０質量％、３０質量％、１０質量％、又は４質量％になるまで乾燥させた堆肥を準備して、これに上記の水溶性の廃グリセリンを混合して、植物系バイオマス燃料を製造した。水溶性のグリセリン液の含水率は上記の「数１」と同様にして求めた。ただし、乾燥器に替えて水溶性グリセリンを入れたガラス容器をバーナーで加熱することによって加熱した。水分率は、堆肥の含水率が低いほど水溶性の廃グリセリン液の吸収が良好であった。堆肥の含水率が低いほど、燃料の着火性、燃料が燃焼する時間、及び発熱量の各特性において優れることがわかった。堆肥の含水率が４０質量％の場合は、燃料が着火させるのに長い時間を要した。
[Water content of water-soluble waste glycerin solution]
Next, a compost dried until the water content of the water-soluble waste glycerin solution reaches 50% by mass, 30% by mass, 10% by mass, or 4% by mass is prepared, and the above-mentioned water-soluble waste glycerin is added thereto. It was mixed to produce a plant-based biomass fuel. The water content of the water-soluble glycerin solution was determined in the same manner as in "Equation 1" above. However, instead of a dryer, a glass container containing water-soluble glycerin was heated by heating with a burner. As for the water content, the lower the water content of the compost, the better the absorption of the water-soluble waste glycerin solution. It was found that the lower the water content of the compost, the better the ignitability of the fuel, the burning time of the fuel, and the calorific value. When the water content of the compost was 40% by mass, it took a long time for the fuel to ignite.
［水溶性の廃グリセリンと堆肥の混合比率］
ついで、水溶性の廃グリセリン液と堆肥との合計重量に対して堆肥の重量が占める率（質量％）と、植物系バイオマス燃料の燃焼時間及び着火に要する時間との関係を調べた。結果を表３に示す。堆肥の重量が占める率は、次式により求めた。なお、堆肥は含水率が１質量％のものを使用した。「堆肥の重量」から含水率に応じて水の重量を差し引いて、堆肥の固形分の重量として記載した。
［数２］
堆肥の重量が占める率（質量％）＝堆肥の重量÷（堆肥の重量＋水溶性のグリセリン液の重量）×１００
[Mixing ratio of water-soluble waste glycerin and compost]
Next, the relationship between the ratio (mass%) of the weight of the compost to the total weight of the water-soluble waste glycerin solution and the compost and the burning time and ignition time of the plant-based biomass fuel was investigated. The results are shown in Table 3. The ratio of the weight of compost was calculated by the following formula. The compost used had a water content of 1% by mass. The weight of water was subtracted from the "weight of compost" according to the water content, and the weight of the solid content of the compost was described.
[Number 2]
Percentage of compost weight (mass%) = compost weight ÷ (compost weight + water-soluble glycerin solution weight) x 100
表３の結果から、堆肥の重量を少なくし、水溶性の廃グリセリン液の割合を増やした方が着火時間が短くなり、燃焼時間が長くなることがわかった。しかしながら、過度に堆肥の割合を減らすと発熱量が減る可能性がある。したがって、堆肥化した植物系バイオマスの含量は、固形物の重量に換算して、１０〜７５質量％とすることが好ましい。 From the results in Table 3, it was found that the ignition time was shortened and the burning time was lengthened when the weight of the compost was reduced and the proportion of the water-soluble waste glycerin solution was increased. However, excessively reducing the proportion of compost may reduce calorific value. Therefore, the content of the composted plant-based biomass is preferably 10 to 75% by mass in terms of the weight of the solid matter.
［堆肥］
上記の植物系バイオマス燃料を燃やした後には、直径０．１〜１０ｍｍ程度の煤塵を含む焼却灰が残った。この灰に対してカリウム系の肥効成分として、水酸化カリウムを混合した。このようにして得た植物系バイオマス肥料を、圃場に散布したところ、優れた肥効を発揮した。
[compost]
After burning the above-mentioned plant-based biomass fuel, incineration ash containing soot and dust having a diameter of about 0.1 to 10 mm remained. Potassium hydroxide was mixed with this ash as a potassium-based fertilizing component. When the plant-based biomass fertilizer thus obtained was sprayed on the field, an excellent fertilizer effect was exhibited.
［撥水性を有する土壌改良材］
上記の植物系バイオマス燃料の燃焼中に、植物系バイオマス燃料に向けてスプレーでシリコーンオイルを散布した。燃焼後の焼却灰にリン酸カリウムを混合して撥水材を得た。圃場の地表から５ｃｍの地中にこの撥水材をまんべんなく埋設した。これによって、圃場の保水性が向上すると共に優れた肥効を発揮した。この撥水材は、砂漠の緑化に優れた効果を発揮する。
[Soil conditioner with water repellency]
During the combustion of the above-mentioned plant-based biomass fuel, silicone oil was sprayed toward the plant-based biomass fuel. Potassium phosphate was mixed with the incinerated ash after combustion to obtain a water repellent material. This water repellent material was evenly buried in the ground 5 cm from the surface of the field. As a result, the water retention of the field was improved and an excellent fertilizing effect was exhibited. This water repellent material has an excellent effect on desert greening.
Claims (8)
Waste glycerin exhibiting water solubility, production method of soil improvement material according to any one of claims 5 to 7 water content to use a 45% by mass or less.
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