JP6803783B2 - Field conversion method and irrigation drainage system - Google Patents

Field conversion method and irrigation drainage system Download PDF

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JP6803783B2
JP6803783B2 JP2017064110A JP2017064110A JP6803783B2 JP 6803783 B2 JP6803783 B2 JP 6803783B2 JP 2017064110 A JP2017064110 A JP 2017064110A JP 2017064110 A JP2017064110 A JP 2017064110A JP 6803783 B2 JP6803783 B2 JP 6803783B2
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原田 潤
潤 原田
山口 秀美
秀美 山口
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株式会社クボタケミックス
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この発明は田畑転換方法および灌漑排水システムに関し、特にたとえば、水田として利用していた圃場を畑地として利用する、田畑転換方法および灌漑排水システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a field conversion method and an irrigation / drainage system, and more particularly to a field conversion method and an irrigation / drainage system in which a field used as a paddy field is used as a field.

従来の灌漑排水システムの一例が特許文献1に開示されている。特許文献1の技術は、地下から水を供給して土壌中の水分を作物の生育にとって適切な状態に保つ地下灌漑システムであって、圃場の地中に埋設される複数の遮水部材を備える。遮水部材は、上側開口の横管状に形成され、その底部には、長手方向に並ぶ複数の溝部が形成される。また、遮水部材の内部には、その全長に亘って均等に水を供給するための有孔管(給水部材)が挿通される。そして、灌漑時には、保水部材の内部に重力水状態の土壌層を形成し、そこから毛細管現象によって土壌に水を供給する。これによって、土壌の保水力が弱く、雨水などが直ぐに地下深くに浸透してしまう畑地であっても、適切に灌漑できる。 An example of a conventional irrigation drainage system is disclosed in Patent Document 1. The technique of Patent Document 1 is an underground irrigation system that supplies water from the underground to keep the water in the soil in an appropriate state for the growth of crops, and includes a plurality of impermeable members buried in the ground of the field. .. The impermeable member is formed in a lateral tubular shape of the upper opening, and a plurality of grooves arranged in the longitudinal direction are formed at the bottom thereof. Further, a perforated pipe (water supply member) for evenly supplying water over the entire length of the impermeable member is inserted. Then, at the time of irrigation, a soil layer in a gravity water state is formed inside the water retention member, and water is supplied to the soil from there by capillarity. As a result, even in a field where the water holding capacity of the soil is weak and rainwater or the like immediately penetrates deep underground, it can be properly irrigated.

特開2013−5745号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-5745

水田土壌は、一般的に粘性が高く、水はけ(透水性)が悪い場合が多い。このため、水田から転換した畑地(水田転換畑)では、土壌中に用水を適切に供給可能であることはもちろんのこと、湿害を防止するために土壌中の過剰水分を適切に排出できることが重要となる。 Paddy soil is generally highly viscous and often has poor drainage (permeability). For this reason, in a field converted from a paddy field (paddy converted field), not only can water be appropriately supplied to the soil, but also excess water in the soil can be appropriately discharged to prevent moisture damage. It becomes important.

特許文献1の有孔管は、雨水などの過剰水分の排出にも利用される。しかし、透水性の低い水田土壌では過剰水分が地下に浸透し難いため、特許文献1の技術のように地下に埋設した有孔管を用いて排水すると、排水効率が悪くなる。したがって、排水性能に優れる灌漑排水システムが求められる。 The perforated pipe of Patent Document 1 is also used for discharging excess water such as rainwater. However, in paddy soil with low permeability, excess water does not easily permeate underground, so drainage using a perforated pipe buried underground as in the technique of Patent Document 1 results in poor drainage efficiency. Therefore, an irrigation drainage system with excellent drainage performance is required.

また、特許文献1の技術では、地下の比較的深い位置に遮水部材および有孔管を埋設するため、大型機械による掘削が必要となり、施工コストがかかる。また、遮水部材および有孔管のやり替えに手間が掛かるため、一度施工されたものはシステムの寿命がくるまで常設されることが前提となっている。 Further, in the technique of Patent Document 1, since the water-impervious member and the perforated pipe are embedded in a relatively deep underground position, excavation by a large machine is required, which increases the construction cost. In addition, since it takes time to replace the water-impervious member and the perforated pipe, it is assumed that the one once constructed will be permanently installed until the end of the life of the system.

それゆえに、この発明の主たる目的は、新規な、田畑転換方法および灌漑排水システムを提供することである。 Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a novel field conversion method and irrigation drainage system.

この発明の他の目的は、実施または施工が容易であり、水田から転換した畑地においても灌漑排水を適切に実行できる、田畑転換方法および灌漑排水システムを提供することである。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a field conversion method and an irrigation drainage system that are easy to implement or construct and that can appropriately carry out irrigation drainage even in a field converted from a paddy field.

第1の発明は、圃場を水田と畑地とに転換する田畑転換方法であって、(a)水田として利用していた圃場を畑地に転換するとき、当該圃場に畝を形成すると共に、畝の内部に、当該畝の長手方向に延びる溝状の遮水部材と遮水部材の上側に配置される有孔管とを施工するステップ、および(b)圃場を畑地から水田に戻すとき、遮水部材および有孔管を当該圃場から撤去するステップを含む、田畑転換方法である。 The first invention is a field conversion method for converting a field into a paddy field and a field. (a) When a field used as a paddy field is converted into a field, ridges are formed in the field and the ridges are formed. Inside, a step of constructing a groove-shaped impermeable member extending in the longitudinal direction of the ridge and a perforated pipe arranged above the impermeable member, and (b) impermeable water when returning the field from the field to the paddy field. It is a paddy field conversion method including a step of removing a member and a perforated pipe from the field.

第1の発明では、ステップ(a)で水田として利用していた圃場を畑地に転換するとき、圃場に畝を形成すると共に、畝の内部に遮水部材と有孔管とを埋設する。遮水部材は、作物の根圏に供給する水を畝内で保持しておくための保持部材であると共に、畝内の余剰水分を受け止めて有孔管内に導くためのガイド部材でもあり、畝の長手方向に延びる溝状に形成される。また、有孔管は、灌漑用の水を畝内に供給したり、畝内から過剰水分を排出したりするための管であって、遮水部材の上側において畝内を長手方向に貫通するように設けられる。このように遮水部材および有孔管を畝内に埋設する、つまり浅埋設とすることで、掘削専用機械などを用いた掘削作業が不要となる。すなわち、遮水部材および有孔管の施工が容易となり、施工コストも低減される。 In the first invention, when the field used as a paddy field in step (a) is converted into a field, ridges are formed in the field and a water-impervious member and a perforated pipe are embedded inside the ridges. The impermeable member is not only a holding member for holding the water supplied to the rhizosphere of the crop in the ridge, but also a guide member for receiving the excess water in the ridge and guiding it into the perforated pipe, and the ridge. It is formed in the shape of a groove extending in the longitudinal direction of the. Further, the perforated pipe is a pipe for supplying water for irrigation into the ridge and discharging excess water from the ridge, and penetrates the ridge in the longitudinal direction on the upper side of the impermeable member. It is provided as follows. By burying the impermeable member and the perforated pipe in the ridge in this way, that is, by making it shallowly buried, excavation work using a dedicated excavation machine or the like becomes unnecessary. That is, the construction of the water-impervious member and the perforated pipe becomes easy, and the construction cost is also reduced.

一方、ステップ(b)で圃場を畑地から水田に戻すときには、遮水部材および有孔管を圃場から撤去する。遮水部材および有孔管の撤去は、遮水部材および有孔管が畝内に埋設されていることから可能となるものである。なお、圃場を畑地に再転換するときには、ステップ(a)に戻って、畝の内部に遮水部材および有孔管が再施工される。 On the other hand, when the field is returned from the field to the paddy field in step (b), the impermeable member and the perforated pipe are removed from the field. The removal of the water-impervious member and the perforated pipe is possible because the water-impervious member and the perforated pipe are embedded in the ridge. When the field is reconverted to the field, the process returns to step (a) and the impermeable member and the perforated pipe are reconstructed inside the ridge.

第1の発明によれば、遮水部材および有孔管を畝内に埋設するので、遮水部材および有孔管の施工および撤去を容易かつ低コストで実行できる。また、圃場に対する用排水効果の発現も早くなる。したがって、田畑転換を容易かつ低コストで実施でき、水田から転換した畑地においても灌漑排水を適切に実行できる。 According to the first invention, since the impermeable member and the perforated pipe are embedded in the ridge, the construction and removal of the impermeable member and the perforated pipe can be carried out easily and at low cost. In addition, the effect of drainage on the field is accelerated. Therefore, field conversion can be carried out easily and at low cost, and irrigation and drainage can be appropriately carried out even in the field converted from paddy fields.

第2の発明は、第1の発明に従属し、(c)圃場を畑地として利用しているときに畝を立て替えるとき、新しく形成した当該畝の内部に、遮水部材と有孔管とを施工し直すステップを含む。 The second invention is subordinate to the first invention, and (c) when the ridges are rebuilt when the field is used as a field, a water-impervious member and a perforated pipe are provided inside the newly formed ridges. Includes steps to reconstruct.

第2の発明では、栽培する作物の種類に応じて畝を立て替えるとき、畝の形状に合わせて遮水部材と有孔管とを施工し直す。このような遮水部材および有孔管のやり替えは、遮水部材および有孔管が畝内に埋設されていることから可能となるものである。 In the second invention, when the ridges are rebuilt according to the type of crop to be cultivated, the impermeable member and the perforated pipe are reconstructed according to the shape of the ridges. Such replacement of the water-impervious member and the perforated pipe is possible because the water-impervious member and the perforated pipe are embedded in the ridge.

第3の発明は、第1または第2の発明に従属し、(d)圃場の地中に暗渠を施工するステップを含む。 The third invention is subordinate to the first or second invention and includes (d) the step of constructing an underdrain in the ground of the field.

第3の発明では、遮水部材および有孔管を施工する前などに、圃場の地中に暗渠管および弾丸暗渠などの暗渠を施工する。この暗渠は、稲作時および畑作時に関係なく常設されるものである。これによって、圃場の排水性能をより向上させることができる。 In the third invention, an underdrain such as an underdrain pipe and a bullet underdrain is constructed in the ground of the field before constructing the impermeable member and the perforated pipe. This culvert is permanently installed regardless of rice cultivation or upland cultivation. Thereby, the drainage performance of the field can be further improved.

第4の発明は、水田を畑地として利用するための灌漑排水システムであって、畝の内部に埋設され、畝の長手方向に延びる溝状の遮水部材、および遮水部材の上側であってかつ畝の内部に埋設され、畝の長手方向に延びる有孔管を備える、灌漑排水システムである。 The fourth invention is an irrigation and drainage system for using a paddy field as a field, which is a groove-shaped impermeable member embedded inside a ridge and extending in the longitudinal direction of the ridge, and an upper side of the impermeable member. It is an irrigation and drainage system that is buried inside the ridge and has a perforated pipe that extends in the longitudinal direction of the ridge.

第4の発明では、灌漑排水システムは、水田を畑地として利用する際に灌漑排水を行うための配管システムであって、圃場に形成される畝内に埋設される遮水部材と有孔管とを備える。遮水部材は、作物の根圏に供給する水を畝内で保持しておくための保持部材であると共に、畝内の余剰水分を受け止めて有孔管内に導くためのガイド部材でもあり、畝の長手方向に延びる溝状に形成される。また、有孔管は、灌漑用の水を畝内に供給したり、畝内から過剰水分を排出したりするための管であって、遮水部材の上側において畝内を長手方向に貫通するように設けられる。このように遮水部材および有孔管を畝内に埋設する、つまり浅埋設とすることで、掘削専用機械などを用いた掘削作業が不要となる。 In the fourth invention, the irrigation drainage system is a piping system for performing irrigation drainage when a paddy field is used as a field, and includes a water-impervious member and a perforated pipe buried in a ridge formed in a field. To be equipped with. The impermeable member is not only a holding member for holding the water supplied to the rhizosphere of the crop in the ridge, but also a guide member for receiving the excess water in the ridge and guiding it into the perforated pipe, and the ridge. It is formed in the shape of a groove extending in the longitudinal direction of the. Further, the perforated pipe is a pipe for supplying water for irrigation into the ridge and discharging excess water from the ridge, and penetrates the ridge in the longitudinal direction on the upper side of the impermeable member. It is provided as follows. By burying the impermeable member and the perforated pipe in the ridge in this way, that is, by making it shallowly buried, excavation work using a dedicated excavation machine or the like becomes unnecessary.

第4の発明によれば、遮水部材および有孔管を畝内に埋設するので、遮水部材および有孔管の施工および撤去を容易かつ低コストで実行できる。また、圃場に対する用排水効果の発現も早くなる。したがって、灌漑排水システムを容易かつ低コストで施工でき、水田から転換した畑地においても灌漑排水を適切に実行できる。 According to the fourth invention, since the impermeable member and the perforated pipe are embedded in the ridge, the construction and removal of the impermeable member and the perforated pipe can be carried out easily and at low cost. In addition, the effect of drainage on the field is accelerated. Therefore, the irrigation and drainage system can be constructed easily and at low cost, and the irrigation and drainage can be appropriately executed even in the field converted from the paddy field.

第5の発明は、第4の発明に従属し、遮水部材は、畝の高さ方向中央よりも上側に配置される。 The fifth invention is subordinate to the fourth invention, and the impermeable member is arranged above the center of the ridge in the height direction.

第5の発明によれば、遮水部材の水分保持機能およびガイド機能を適切に保持しつつ、遮水部材および有孔管の施工をより容易に行うことができる。 According to the fifth invention, it is possible to more easily construct the water-impervious member and the perforated pipe while appropriately maintaining the water-retaining function and the guide function of the water-impervious member.

第6の発明は、第4または第5の発明に従属し、有孔管は、畝の幅方向中央から側方にずれた位置に配管される。 The sixth invention is dependent on the fourth or fifth invention, and the perforated pipe is piped at a position shifted laterally from the center in the width direction of the ridge.

第6の発明によれば、作物の根が有孔管と干渉することを抑制できる。 According to the sixth invention, it is possible to prevent the roots of the crop from interfering with the perforated pipe.

この発明によれば、遮水部材および有孔管を畝内に埋設するので、遮水部材および有孔管の施工および撤去を容易かつ低コストで実行できる。また、圃場に対する用排水効果の発現も早くなる。したがって、田畑転換および灌漑排水システムの施工を容易かつ低コストで実施でき、水田から転換した畑地においても灌漑排水を適切に実行できる。 According to the present invention, since the water-impervious member and the perforated pipe are embedded in the ridge, the construction and removal of the water-impervious member and the perforated pipe can be carried out easily and at low cost. In addition, the effect of drainage on the field is accelerated. Therefore, the field conversion and the construction of the irrigation drainage system can be carried out easily and at low cost, and the irrigation drainage can be appropriately carried out even in the field converted from the paddy field.

この発明の上述の目的、その他の目的、特徴および利点は、図面を参照して行う後述の実施例の詳細な説明から一層明らかとなろう。 The above-mentioned object, other object, feature and advantage of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of the examples described below with reference to the drawings.

この発明の一実施例である灌漑排水システムの配管構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the piping structure of the irrigation drainage system which is one Example of this invention. 図1の灌漑排水システムを示す部分断面図である。It is a partial cross-sectional view which shows the irrigation drainage system of FIG. 図1の灌漑排水システムを排水用途のみに使用するときの配管構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the piping structure when the irrigation drainage system of FIG. 1 is used only for drainage use. 図3の灌漑排水システムの下流側端部を示す部分断面図である。It is a partial cross-sectional view which shows the downstream end of the irrigation drainage system of FIG. この発明の他の実施例である灌漑排水システムの配管構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the piping structure of the irrigation drainage system which is another Example of this invention. 図5の灌漑排水システムが備える自動給水装置の一例を示す図解図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the automatic water supply device provided in the irrigation drainage system of FIG.

図1および図2を参照して、この発明の一実施例である灌漑排水システム10(以下、単に「システム10」と言う。)は、水田を畑地として利用する際に灌漑および排水を行うための配管システムであって、主として葉物野菜の栽培に用いられる。 With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the irrigation and drainage system 10 (hereinafter, simply referred to as “system 10”), which is an embodiment of the present invention, is used for irrigation and drainage when the paddy field is used as a field. It is a piping system of the above, and is mainly used for cultivation of leafy vegetables.

詳細は後述するように、システム10は、圃場100に形成される複数の畝102のそれぞれに埋設される遮水部材12と有孔管14とを備え、用水を畝102内に供給したり、畝102内から不要な水(過剰水分)を排出したりする。また、このシステム10は、後述する田畑転換方法において説明するように、水田として利用していた圃場100を畑地に転換するときに施工されて、圃場100を水田に戻すときには撤去されるものである。以下、具体的に説明する。 As will be described in detail later, the system 10 includes a water-impervious member 12 and a perforated pipe 14 embedded in each of the plurality of ridges 102 formed in the field 100, and supplies water to the ridges 102. Unnecessary water (excessive water) is discharged from the ridge 102. Further, as will be described in the field conversion method described later, this system 10 is constructed when the field 100 used as a paddy field is converted to a field, and is removed when the field 100 is returned to the paddy field. .. Hereinafter, a specific description will be given.

図1および図2に示すように、システム10は、各畝102の内部に埋設される溝状の遮水部材12と、各遮水部材12の上側において各畝102の内部に埋設される有孔管14とを備える。 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the system 10 has a groove-shaped impermeable member 12 embedded inside each ridge 102, and a groove-shaped impermeable member 12 embedded inside each ridge 102 above each ridge 102. It is provided with a hole tube 14.

なお、圃場100に形成される畝102の数、形状および大きさ等は、圃場100の大きさや栽培する作物の種類に応じて適宜設定されるものであり、一般的な畝102であれば特に限定されるものではない。この実施例では、畝102は、断面台形状の畝であって、その上辺幅(畝肩幅)は、たとえば60−120cmであり、その下辺幅(畝裾幅)は、たとえば70−135cmである。また、畝102の高さは、たとえば15−30cmであって、その長さは、たとえば数m−数百mである。さらに、畝102間に形成される畝溝104の幅は、たとえば25−40cmである。 The number, shape, size, etc. of the ridges 102 formed in the field 100 are appropriately set according to the size of the field 100 and the type of crop to be cultivated, and the general ridges 102 are particularly suitable. It is not limited. In this embodiment, the ridge 102 is a trapezoidal ridge in cross section, the upper side width (ridge shoulder width) thereof is, for example, 60-120 cm, and the lower side width (ridge hem width) thereof is, for example, 70-135 cm. .. The height of the ridge 102 is, for example, 15-30 cm, and the length thereof is, for example, several m to several hundred m. Further, the width of the ridge groove 104 formed between the ridges 102 is, for example, 25-40 cm.

遮水部材12は、作物の根圏に供給する水を畝102内で保持しておくための保持部材であると共に、畝102内の余剰水分を受け止めて有孔管14内に導くためのガイド部材でもある。遮水部材12は、ポリエチレンおよびポリ塩化ビニル等の合成樹脂またはステンレス等の金属などの遮水性を有する材質によって、上側開口の溝状に形成され、畝102の長手方向に延びるように畝102の略全長に亘って設けられる。この実施例では、遮水部材12は、ポリ塩化ビニル製の可撓性を有する長尺帯状の遮水シートによって、幅方向中央部から両側部に向かって斜め上方に延びる溝状に形成される。 The impermeable member 12 is a holding member for holding the water supplied to the rhizosphere of the crop in the ridge 102, and is a guide for receiving the excess water in the ridge 102 and guiding it into the perforated pipe 14. It is also a member. The water-impervious member 12 is formed in a groove shape of an upper opening by a material having a water-impervious property such as a synthetic resin such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride or a metal such as stainless steel, and the ridge 102 extends in the longitudinal direction of the ridge 102. It is provided over almost the entire length. In this embodiment, the impermeable member 12 is formed in a groove shape extending diagonally upward from the central portion in the width direction toward both sides by a flexible long strip-shaped impermeable sheet made of polyvinyl chloride. ..

有孔管14は、ポリエチレンおよびポリ塩化ビニル等の合成樹脂または合成ゴムなどによって形成され、その管壁全体に分散して形成される複数の貫通孔を有する。有孔管14は、灌漑用の水を畝102内に供給したり、畝102内から過剰水分を排出したりするための管であって、遮水部材12の上側において、畝102を長手方向に貫通するように設けられる。この実施例では、有孔管14は、遮水部材12の上面に直接載置されるように配管される。ただし、遮水部材12から少し離れた上方位置に有孔管14を配管して、遮水部材12と有孔管14との間に土壌層が形成されるようにしてもよい。有孔管14の内径は、たとえば20−60mmである。 The perforated tube 14 is formed of a synthetic resin such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, synthetic rubber, or the like, and has a plurality of through holes formed dispersed throughout the tube wall. The perforated pipe 14 is a pipe for supplying water for irrigation into the ridge 102 and discharging excess water from the ridge 102, and the ridge 102 is provided in the longitudinal direction on the upper side of the impermeable member 12. It is provided so as to penetrate through. In this embodiment, the perforated pipe 14 is piped so as to be placed directly on the upper surface of the impermeable member 12. However, the perforated pipe 14 may be piped at an upper position slightly away from the impermeable member 12 so that a soil layer is formed between the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14. The inner diameter of the perforated tube 14 is, for example, 20-60 mm.

なお、有孔管14の管壁に形成される貫通孔は、管壁を直線状に貫くものに限定されず、多孔質状や網目状のものでもよい。また、貫通孔の形状、大きさ、形成位置および数などは、適用する圃場100の土壌成分などに応じて適宜設定されるものであり、これらを調整変更することによって、有孔管14からの給排水量を制御することが可能である。 The through hole formed in the tube wall of the perforated tube 14 is not limited to that penetrating the tube wall in a straight line, and may be porous or mesh-like. Further, the shape, size, formation position and number of through holes are appropriately set according to the soil components of the field 100 to be applied, and by adjusting and changing these, the perforated pipe 14 can be used. It is possible to control the amount of water supply and drainage.

上述のような遮水部材12および有孔管14の埋設位置は、畝102の土中であれば特に限定されない。つまり、遮水部材12および有孔管14は、畝溝104の底面以上の高さ位置において、畝102内に埋設されていればよい。ただし、その中でも、遮水部材12は、畝102の高さ方向中央よりも上側に配置することが好ましい。これにより、遮水部材12の水分保持機能およびガイド機能を適切に保持しつつ、遮水部材12および有孔管14の施工をより容易に行うことができるからである。また、遮水部材12の幅は、畝102の上辺幅の半分から等倍までの大きさに設定することが好ましい。 The embedding position of the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 as described above is not particularly limited as long as it is in the soil of the ridge 102. That is, the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 may be embedded in the ridge 102 at a height position higher than the bottom surface of the ridge groove 104. However, among them, the water-impervious member 12 is preferably arranged above the center of the ridge 102 in the height direction. This is because it is possible to more easily construct the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 while appropriately maintaining the water-retaining function and the guide function of the water-impervious member 12. Further, the width of the impermeable member 12 is preferably set to a size from half the width of the upper side of the ridge 102 to the same size.

また、有孔管14は、畝102の幅方向中央を中心として、そこから畝102の上辺幅の四半分の大きさだけ側方にずれた位置までの範囲に配管されることが好ましい。その中でも、有孔管14は、畝102の幅方向中央から側方にずれた位置に配管されることがより好ましい。これにより、作物の根が有孔管14と干渉することを抑制できるからである。 Further, it is preferable that the perforated pipe 14 is piped in a range centered on the center in the width direction of the ridge 102 to a position shifted laterally by a size of four half of the upper side width of the ridge 102. Among them, it is more preferable that the perforated pipe 14 is piped at a position shifted laterally from the center of the ridge 102 in the width direction. This is because it is possible to prevent the roots of the crop from interfering with the perforated tube 14.

なお、有孔管14は、遮水部材12の幅方向中央部に配置されてもよいし、遮水部材12の側部に配置されてもよい。また、栽培する作物の種類に合わせて、遮水部材12および有孔管14の埋設位置を畝102ごとに変更するようにしてもよい。 The perforated pipe 14 may be arranged at the central portion in the width direction of the impermeable member 12, or may be arranged at the side portion of the impermeable member 12. Further, the burying positions of the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 may be changed for each ridge 102 according to the type of crop to be cultivated.

また、図示は省略するが、有孔管14の外周面は、貫通孔への作物の根の入り込みを防止するために、透水性を有する防根シートによって覆っておくことが好ましい。防根シートは、作物の根よりは小さい(根が入り込むことはできない)が、水は無加圧で通過する微細な孔を有するシートである。 Although not shown, the outer peripheral surface of the perforated pipe 14 is preferably covered with a water-permeable root-proof sheet in order to prevent the roots of the crop from entering the through-hole. A root-proof sheet is a sheet that is smaller than the roots of a crop (roots cannot enter), but has fine holes through which water passes without pressure.

また、各有孔管14の上流側端部は、第1配管20を介して給水タンク22に接続される。第1配管20は、給水タンク22から供給される水を有孔管14まで送る給水用の配管である。給水タンク22は、圃場100に供給するための水を貯留するタンクであり、たとえば、農業用水配管(図示せず)などと接続されて、農業用水配管から送られてくる水をその内部に貯留する。なお、給水タンク22は、水のみを供給するだけでなく、たとえば給水タンク22内の水に肥料などを混ぜて、給水タンク22から水と共に肥料などを供給するようにしてもよい。 Further, the upstream end of each perforated pipe 14 is connected to the water supply tank 22 via the first pipe 20. The first pipe 20 is a water supply pipe that sends the water supplied from the water supply tank 22 to the perforated pipe 14. The water supply tank 22 is a tank for storing water to be supplied to the field 100. For example, the water supply tank 22 is connected to an agricultural water pipe (not shown) and stores water sent from the agricultural water pipe inside. To do. The water supply tank 22 may not only supply only water, but may, for example, mix fertilizer or the like with the water in the water supply tank 22 and supply the fertilizer or the like together with the water from the water supply tank 22.

一方、各有孔管14の下流側端部は、第2配管24を介して給水タンク22に接続される。第2配管24は、有孔管14から排出される余剰水(排水)を給水タンク22に戻すための配管であり、この第2配管24には、ソーラー型循環ポンプなどの電動ポンプ26が設けられる。これによって、用水循環システムが構成される。ただし、システム10では、必ずしも用水を循環させる必要はなく、有孔管14から排出される余剰の用水は、排水桝などに排出するようにしてもよい。 On the other hand, the downstream end of each perforated pipe 14 is connected to the water supply tank 22 via the second pipe 24. The second pipe 24 is a pipe for returning excess water (drainage) discharged from the perforated pipe 14 to the water supply tank 22, and the second pipe 24 is provided with an electric pump 26 such as a solar type circulation pump. Be done. This constitutes an irrigation circulation system. However, in the system 10, it is not always necessary to circulate the irrigation water, and the surplus irrigation water discharged from the perforated pipe 14 may be discharged to a drainage basin or the like.

このようなシステム10では、灌漑時には、給水タンク22内の水が自然流下によって第1配管20を介して各有孔管14に供給される。有孔管14内に流れ込んだ水は、有孔管14に形成される貫通孔を通って畝102内の土中に供給される。有孔管14から畝102内に供給された水は、遮水部材12によって受け止められて、重力水または毛管水として遮水部材12の内部(上側)に保持される。その後、遮水部材12内の水は、毛細管現象によってその周囲に浸透していき、畝102内に毛管水状態の土壌部を形成する。この際、畝102内に遮水部材12および有孔管14が配置されていることから、畝102内に毛管水状態の土壌部が速やかに形成される。つまり、用水効果の発現が早い。また、水と共に肥料を供給する場合には、肥料が地下深くに浸透してしまう量が少なくなって畝102内に効率的に供給されるので、肥料効果が発現し易く、その即応性も高くなる。したがって、余分な肥料を使う必要が無くなり、使用する肥料の濃度ないし量を低減できる。 In such a system 10, during irrigation, the water in the water supply tank 22 is supplied to each perforated pipe 14 via the first pipe 20 by natural flow. The water that has flowed into the perforated pipe 14 is supplied to the soil in the ridge 102 through the through hole formed in the perforated pipe 14. The water supplied from the perforated pipe 14 into the ridge 102 is received by the impermeable member 12, and is held inside (upper side) of the impermeable member 12 as gravity water or capillary water. After that, the water in the impermeable member 12 permeates the surroundings by the capillary phenomenon, and forms a soil portion in a capillary water state in the ridge 102. At this time, since the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 are arranged in the ridge 102, the soil portion in the capillary water state is quickly formed in the ridge 102. That is, the water effect appears quickly. Further, when fertilizer is supplied together with water, the amount of fertilizer permeating deep underground is reduced and the fertilizer is efficiently supplied into the ridge 102, so that the fertilizer effect is easily exhibited and its responsiveness is high. Become. Therefore, it is not necessary to use extra fertilizer, and the concentration or amount of fertilizer used can be reduced.

一方、畝102内に供給されずに有孔管14の下流側端部まで到達した水は、余剰水として第2配管24に排出され、電動ポンプ26の動力によって給水タンク22に戻される。 On the other hand, the water that has reached the downstream end of the perforated pipe 14 without being supplied into the ridge 102 is discharged to the second pipe 24 as surplus water and returned to the water supply tank 22 by the power of the electric pump 26.

また、システム10では、降雨時などにおいて畝102内に発生した余剰水は、遮水部材12によって受け止められて、有孔管14の貫通孔から有孔管14内に導かれる。そして、畝102内から有孔管14内に排出された水は、第2配管24を介して給水タンク22に戻されて貯留される。すなわち、有孔管14の内部空間は、用水を畝102内に供給する給水路として用いられると共に、畝102内に発生した余剰水を集めて排出する排水路として用いられる。この際、畝102内に遮水部材12および有孔管14が配置されていることから、畝102内に発生した余剰水は、速やかに有孔管14内に排出される。つまり、排水効果の発現が早いので、水分過多による作物への悪影響を低減できる。また、畝溝104への水の流出が少なくなるので、足場を乾燥した状態に維持し易く、作業性が向上する。さらに、この実施例では、遮水部材12の上面は、有孔管14に向かって下り勾配となっているため、畝102内の余剰水が有孔管14内に導かれ(排出され)易い。 Further, in the system 10, excess water generated in the ridges 102 during rainfall or the like is received by the impermeable member 12 and guided into the perforated pipe 14 from the through hole of the perforated pipe 14. Then, the water discharged from the ridge 102 into the perforated pipe 14 is returned to the water supply tank 22 via the second pipe 24 and stored. That is, the internal space of the perforated pipe 14 is used as a water supply channel for supplying irrigation water into the ridge 102, and is also used as a drainage channel for collecting and discharging excess water generated in the ridge 102. At this time, since the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 are arranged in the ridge 102, the excess water generated in the ridge 102 is quickly discharged into the perforated pipe 14. That is, since the drainage effect appears quickly, the adverse effect on the crop due to excessive water can be reduced. Further, since the outflow of water to the ridge 104 is reduced, it is easy to keep the scaffold in a dry state, and workability is improved. Further, in this embodiment, since the upper surface of the impermeable member 12 has a downward slope toward the perforated pipe 14, excess water in the ridge 102 is likely to be guided (discharged) into the perforated pipe 14. ..

さらに、システム10では、有孔管14は、畝102内を長手方向に貫通する空気通路にもなるので、畝102の土中に空気が入り易くなり、作物の生育が良くなる。 Further, in the system 10, the perforated pipe 14 also serves as an air passage penetrating the inside of the ridge 102 in the longitudinal direction, so that air can easily enter the soil of the ridge 102 and the growth of crops is improved.

また、図3および図4に示すように、システム10は、用水需要期が過ぎた時点で、遮水部材12および有孔管14を残し、それ以外の第1配管20および第2配管24などは撤去される。つまり、圃場100に用水を供給する必要がないときには、システム10は、排水仕様に変更されて、有孔管14の両端部は開放状態にされる。システム10を排水用途のみに使用する場合には、畝102内から有孔管14内に排出された余剰水は、有孔管14の下流側端部から、畝102の下流側端部と畦畔106との間に形成した排水溝108に排出されて、排水溝108から既設の排水桝110に流し込まれる。このように、有孔管14の両端部を開放端としておくことにより、畝102の土中に空気がより入り込み易くなり、作物の生育がより良くなる。なお、有孔管14の下流側端部同士は、排水桝110まで延びる連結管によって連結しておいてもよい。 Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, when the water demand period has passed, the system 10 leaves the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14, and the other first pipe 20 and the second pipe 24 and the like. Will be removed. That is, when it is not necessary to supply water to the field 100, the system 10 is changed to the drainage specification, and both ends of the perforated pipe 14 are opened. When the system 10 is used only for drainage, the excess water discharged from the ridge 102 into the perforated pipe 14 is from the downstream end of the perforated pipe 14 to the downstream end and ridge of the ridge 102. It is discharged into the drainage ditch 108 formed between the shore 106 and the drainage ditch 108, and is poured into the existing drainage basin 110. By setting both ends of the perforated pipe 14 as open ends in this way, it becomes easier for air to enter the soil of the ridge 102, and the growth of crops becomes better. The downstream ends of the perforated pipes 14 may be connected to each other by a connecting pipe extending to the drainage basin 110.

続いて、上述のようなシステム10を用いる田畑転換方法について説明する。システム10は、上述のように、水田として利用していた圃場100を畑地に転換するときに施工されて、圃場100を水田に戻すときには撤去される。 Subsequently, a field conversion method using the system 10 as described above will be described. As described above, the system 10 is constructed when the field 100 used as a paddy field is converted into a field, and is removed when the field 100 is returned to the paddy field.

この実施例の田畑転換方法では、圃場100を水田から畑地に転換するときには、圃場100に畝102を形成すると共に、その畝102の内部に遮水部材12と有孔管14とを施工する。たとえば、畝102を形成する位置に合わせて、圃場100の表面に溝状の遮水部材12を載置し、さらにその遮水部材12の上に有孔管14を載置する。その後、畝立て器を装着したトラクター等の営農機械を用いて、遮水部材12および有孔管14の両側に畝溝104を形成しつつ、その際に取り出した土を遮水部材12および有孔管14に被せるようにして積み上げることで、畝102を形成する(畝立てする)。これによって、畝102内に埋設された遮水部材12および有孔管14が施工される。このように、この実施例では遮水部材12および有孔管14を畝102内に埋設(つまり浅埋設)するので、掘削専用機械などを用いた掘削作業が不要となり、トラクター等の営農機械での施工が可能となる。すなわち、遮水部材12および有孔管14が容易となり、その施工コストが大幅に低減される。 In the field conversion method of this embodiment, when the field 100 is converted from a paddy field to a field, a ridge 102 is formed in the field 100, and a water-impervious member 12 and a perforated pipe 14 are constructed inside the ridge 102. For example, a groove-shaped water-impervious member 12 is placed on the surface of the field 100 according to the position where the ridge 102 is formed, and the perforated pipe 14 is further placed on the water-impervious member 12. After that, using a farming machine such as a tractor equipped with a ridger, ridges 104 are formed on both sides of the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14, and the soil taken out at that time is used as the impermeable member 12 and the soil. The ridges 102 are formed (ridged) by stacking them so as to cover the hole tubes 14. As a result, the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 embedded in the ridge 102 are constructed. As described above, in this embodiment, since the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 are buried in the ridge 102 (that is, shallowly buried), excavation work using a dedicated excavation machine or the like becomes unnecessary, and a farming machine such as a tractor can be used. Can be constructed. That is, the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 are facilitated, and the construction cost thereof is significantly reduced.

ただし、トラクター等の営農機械に対してロール状に巻き取った遮水部材12および有孔管14を装着する等して、畝立てしながら遮水部材12および有孔管14を施工することもできる。つまり、畝立てと遮水部材12および有孔管14の施工とを略同時に行うこともできる。 However, it is also possible to install the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 while raising the ridges by attaching the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 wound in a roll shape to a farming machine such as a tractor. it can. That is, the ridges and the construction of the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 can be performed substantially at the same time.

畝102内への遮水部材12および有孔管14の施工が終わると、続いて、給水タンク22を設置すると共に、各有孔管14の上流側端部を第1配管20によって連結し、第1配管20の上流側端部を給水タンク22に接続する。また、各有孔管14の下流側端部を第2配管24によって連結し、第2配管24に電動ポンプ26を設けると共に、第2配管24の下流側端部を給水タンク22に接続する。これによって、システム10の施工が完了するので、その後、システム10を用いて灌漑排水を行いながら圃場100で畑作を行う。 After the construction of the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 in the ridge 102 is completed, the water supply tank 22 is subsequently installed, and the upstream end of each perforated pipe 14 is connected by the first pipe 20. The upstream end of the first pipe 20 is connected to the water supply tank 22. Further, the downstream end of each perforated pipe 14 is connected by the second pipe 24, the electric pump 26 is provided in the second pipe 24, and the downstream end of the second pipe 24 is connected to the water supply tank 22. As a result, the construction of the system 10 is completed. After that, the field 100 is cultivated while performing irrigation and drainage using the system 10.

また、栽培する作物の種類に応じて畝102を立て替えるときには、既設の遮水部材12および有孔管14を撤去すると共に、新しく形成した畝102の内部に、遮水部材12および有孔管14を施工し直す。このような施工のやり換えは、遮水部材12および有孔管14が地下深くではなく、畝102内に埋設されていることから可能となるものである。また、施工のやり換えの際には、既設の遮水部材12および有孔管14を再利用すれば、無駄を無くすことができる。ただし、遮水部材12および有孔管14は必ずしも再利用される必要はない。 Further, when the ridge 102 is replaced according to the type of crop to be cultivated, the existing water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 are removed, and the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe are inside the newly formed ridge 102. Reconstruct 14 Such replacement of construction is possible because the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 are buried in the ridge 102 rather than deep underground. Further, when the construction is replaced, waste can be eliminated by reusing the existing water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14. However, the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 do not necessarily have to be reused.

さらに、圃場100に用水を供給する必要がないときには、上述のように、第1配管20および第2配管24などは撤去されて、システム10は、排水仕様に変更される。また、システム10を用水循環システムに戻す場合には、第1配管20および第2配管24などが再施工される。このような第1配管20および第2配管24などの撤去および再施工も、遮水部材12および有孔管14が畝102内に埋設されていることから可能となるものである。 Further, when it is not necessary to supply water to the field 100, as described above, the first pipe 20 and the second pipe 24 are removed, and the system 10 is changed to the drainage specification. Further, when the system 10 is returned to the water circulation system, the first pipe 20, the second pipe 24, and the like are reconstructed. Such removal and re-construction of the first pipe 20 and the second pipe 24 is also possible because the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 are embedded in the ridge 102.

なお、システム10を施工する前に、圃場100の地中に暗渠管および弾丸暗渠などの暗渠を施工しておくこともできる。この暗渠は、畑作時および稲作時に関係なく、その寿命がくるまで常設されるものである。これによって、圃場100の排水性能をより向上させることができるので、より適切に畑作または稲作を行うことができる。 It is also possible to construct an underdrain such as an underdrain pipe and a bullet underdrain in the ground of the field 100 before constructing the system 10. This culvert is permanently installed until the end of its life, regardless of whether it is upland or rice. As a result, the drainage performance of the field 100 can be further improved, so that field cultivation or rice cultivation can be performed more appropriately.

一方、圃場100を畑地から水田に戻すときには、畝102を解体すると共に、遮水部材12および有孔管14を含むシステム10を圃場100から撤去する。また、圃場100において稲作を行った後、圃場100を畑地に再転換するときには、畝102の内部に埋設される遮水部材12および有孔管14を含むシステム10を再施工するとよい。このような遮水部材12および有孔管14の撤去および再施工も、上述と同様に、遮水部材12および有孔管14が畝102内に埋設されていることから可能となるものである。また、再施工の際には、既設の遮水部材12および有孔管14を再利用することで、無駄を無くすことができる。 On the other hand, when the field 100 is returned from the field to the paddy field, the ridge 102 is dismantled and the system 10 including the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 is removed from the field 100. Further, when the field 100 is reconverted to the field after rice cultivation in the field 100, the system 10 including the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 buried inside the ridge 102 may be reconstructed. Such removal and re-construction of the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 are also possible because the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 are embedded in the ridge 102, as described above. .. Further, at the time of re-construction, waste can be eliminated by reusing the existing water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14.

以上のように、この実施例によれば、遮水部材12および有孔管14を畝102内に埋設するので、システム10の施工および撤去を容易かつ低コストで実行できる。したがって、水田から畑地への転換、および畑地から水田への再転換も容易に実施できる。また、遮水部材12および有孔管14を畝102内に埋設することで、用排水効果の発現が早くなるので、水田から転換した畑地においても灌漑排水を適切に実行できる。 As described above, according to this embodiment, since the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 are embedded in the ridge 102, the construction and removal of the system 10 can be easily and at low cost. Therefore, the conversion from paddy fields to upland fields and the re-conversion from upland fields to paddy fields can be easily carried out. Further, by burying the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 in the ridge 102, the effect of drainage for water is accelerated, so that irrigation drainage can be appropriately executed even in the upland field converted from the paddy field.

次に、図5を参照して、この発明の他の実施例であるシステム10について説明する。この実施例では、各有孔管14の上流側端部に自動給水装置30を設ける点が、上述の実施例と異なる。その他の部分については同様であるので、上述の実施例と共通する部分については、同じ参照番号を付し、重複する説明は省略または簡略化する。 Next, the system 10 which is another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment in that the automatic water supply device 30 is provided at the upstream end of each perforated pipe 14. Since the other parts are the same, the same reference numbers are given to the parts common to the above-described embodiment, and duplicate explanations are omitted or simplified.

図5に示す実施例では、各有孔管14の上流側端部に自動給水装置(水位管理装置とも言う。)30が設けられて、各遮水部材12内(有孔管14内)の水位ないし有孔管14への給水量が個別に管理される。自動給水装置30としては、公知のものを適宜利用可能であるが、たとえば、図6に示すような、本出願人らによる特願2016−63039号「給水装置」に記載のものを用いることができる。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, an automatic water supply device (also referred to as a water level management device) 30 is provided at the upstream end of each perforated pipe 14, and is inside each impermeable member 12 (inside the perforated pipe 14). The water level or the amount of water supplied to the perforated pipe 14 is individually managed. As the automatic water supply device 30, a known device can be appropriately used. For example, the device described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-63039 “Water Supply Device” by the applicants as shown in FIG. 6 can be used. it can.

この実施例で用いる自動給水装置30について簡単に説明しておく。図6に示すように、自動給水装置30は、ケーシング32と、外部から供給される水をケーシング32内に放出するチューブ34と、チューブ34に連結されて、ケーシング32内の水位に応じて上下動するフロート36と、ケーシング32内から水を取り出す送水管38とを備える。そして、この実施例では、チューブ34の上流側端部が第1配管20に接続され、送水管38の下流側端部が有孔管14に接続される。このような自動給水装置30では、ケーシング32内の水位は、遮水部材12内の水位と連動する。そして、ケーシング32内の水位が所定水位になると、チューブ34の易屈曲部34aが屈曲してチューブ34が閉塞される。これにより、第1配管20からケーシング32への給水が停止され、送水管38から有孔管14への給水も停止される。したがって、ケーシング32内の水位および遮水部材12内の水位を所望水位に維持することが可能となる。 The automatic water supply device 30 used in this embodiment will be briefly described. As shown in FIG. 6, the automatic water supply device 30 is connected to the casing 32, the tube 34 that discharges the water supplied from the outside into the casing 32, and the tube 34, and moves up and down according to the water level in the casing 32. A moving float 36 and a water pipe 38 for taking out water from the inside of the casing 32 are provided. Then, in this embodiment, the upstream end of the tube 34 is connected to the first pipe 20, and the downstream end of the water pipe 38 is connected to the perforated pipe 14. In such an automatic water supply device 30, the water level in the casing 32 is linked to the water level in the impermeable member 12. Then, when the water level in the casing 32 reaches a predetermined water level, the easily bent portion 34a of the tube 34 is bent to close the tube 34. As a result, the water supply from the first pipe 20 to the casing 32 is stopped, and the water supply from the water pipe 38 to the perforated pipe 14 is also stopped. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the water level in the casing 32 and the water level in the impermeable member 12 at a desired water level.

図5に示す実施例によれば、各有孔管14に自動給水装置30が設けられるので、各遮水部材12内の水位ないし有孔管14への給水量を個別に管理することが可能となる。したがって、栽培する作物の種類、或いは作物の成長度に応じた灌漑が可能となる。また、畝102ごとに肥料の供給量も調整できるので、畝102ごとの作物の発育調整が可能となり、需要に応じた作物の出荷が可能となる。 According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, since the automatic water supply device 30 is provided in each perforated pipe 14, it is possible to individually manage the water level in each impermeable member 12 or the amount of water supplied to the perforated pipe 14. It becomes. Therefore, irrigation is possible according to the type of crop to be cultivated or the degree of growth of the crop. Further, since the amount of fertilizer supplied can be adjusted for each ridge 102, the growth of the crop for each ridge 102 can be adjusted, and the crop can be shipped according to the demand.

なお、図5に示す実施例では、各有孔管14に対して個別に自動給水装置30を設けているが、たとえば第1配管20の上流側端部に自動給水装置30を設けて、各遮水部材12内(有孔管14内)の水位を一括で制御するようにしてもよい。また、複数の有孔管14ごとに自動給水装置30を設けることもできる。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the automatic water supply device 30 is individually provided for each perforated pipe 14, but for example, the automatic water supply device 30 is provided at the upstream end of the first pipe 20 and is provided for each. The water level in the impermeable member 12 (inside the perforated pipe 14) may be controlled collectively. Further, an automatic water supply device 30 can be provided for each of the plurality of perforated pipes 14.

また、上述の各実施例では、1つの畝102に対して1組の遮水部材12および有孔管14を設けるようにしたが、幅の広い畝102であれば、1つの畝102に対して複数組の遮水部材12および有孔管14を並べて設けることもできる。また、1つの遮水部材12に対して複数の有孔管14を設けることもできる。 Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, one set of the water-impervious member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 are provided for one ridge 102, but if the ridge 102 is wide, the one ridge 102 is provided. A plurality of sets of the impermeable member 12 and the perforated pipe 14 can be provided side by side. Further, a plurality of perforated pipes 14 may be provided for one impermeable member 12.

なお、上で挙げた寸法などの具体的数値は、いずれも単なる一例であり、製品の仕様などの必要に応じて適宜変更可能である。 The specific numerical values such as the dimensions mentioned above are merely examples, and can be appropriately changed as necessary such as product specifications.

10 …灌漑排水システム
12 …遮水部材
14 …有孔管
20 …第1配管
22 …給水タンク
24 …第2配管
26 …電動ポンプ
30 …自動給水装置
100 …圃場
102 …畝
104 …畝溝
10… Irrigation and drainage system 12… Impermeable member 14… Perforated pipe 20… First pipe 22… Water supply tank 24… Second pipe 26… Electric pump 30… Automatic water supply device 100… Field 102… Ridge 104… Ridge

Claims (6)

圃場を水田と畑地とに転換する田畑転換方法であって、
(a)水田として利用していた前記圃場を畑地に転換するとき、当該圃場に畝を形成すると共に、前記畝の内部に、当該畝の長手方向に延びる溝状の遮水部材と前記遮水部材の上側に配置される有孔管とを施工するステップ、および
(b)前記圃場を畑地から水田に戻すとき、前記遮水部材および前記有孔管を当該圃場から撤去するステップを含む、田畑転換方法。
It is a field conversion method that converts a field into a paddy field and a field.
(A) When the field used as a paddy field is converted into a field, ridges are formed in the field, and inside the ridges, a groove-shaped water-shielding member extending in the longitudinal direction of the ridges and the water-shielding material are formed. A field including a step of constructing a perforated pipe arranged on the upper side of the member and (b) a step of removing the impermeable member and the perforated pipe from the field when returning the field from the field to the paddy field. How to convert.
(c)前記圃場を畑地として利用しているときに前記畝を立て替えるとき、新しく形成した当該畝の内部に、前記遮水部材と前記有孔管とを施工し直すステップを含む、請求項1記載の田畑転換方法。 (C) The claim includes a step of reconstructing the water-impervious member and the perforated pipe inside the newly formed ridge when the ridge is rebuilt when the field is used as a field. The field conversion method described in 1. (d)前記圃場の地中に暗渠を施工するステップを含む、請求項1または2記載の田畑転換方法。 (D) The field conversion method according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises a step of constructing an underdrain in the ground of the field. 水田を畑地として利用するための灌漑排水システムであって、
畝の内部に埋設され、前記畝の長手方向に延びる溝状の遮水部材、および
前記遮水部材の上側であってかつ前記畝の内部に埋設され、前記畝の長手方向に延びる有孔管を備える、灌漑排水システム。
An irrigation and drainage system for using paddy fields as upland fields.
A groove-shaped water-impervious member embedded in the ridge and extending in the longitudinal direction of the ridge, and a perforated pipe embedded in the upper side of the water-impervious member and inside the ridge and extending in the longitudinal direction of the ridge. The irrigation drainage system.
前記遮水部材は、前記畝の高さ方向中央よりも上側に配置される、請求項4記載の灌漑排水システム。 The irrigation / drainage system according to claim 4, wherein the impermeable member is arranged above the center of the ridge in the height direction. 前記有孔管は、前記畝の幅方向中央から側方にずれた位置に配管される、請求項4または5記載の灌漑排水システム。 The irrigation drainage system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the perforated pipe is piped at a position deviated from the center in the width direction of the ridge to the side.
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