JP6779443B2 - How to make a fuel cell - Google Patents
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- JP6779443B2 JP6779443B2 JP2019113707A JP2019113707A JP6779443B2 JP 6779443 B2 JP6779443 B2 JP 6779443B2 JP 2019113707 A JP2019113707 A JP 2019113707A JP 2019113707 A JP2019113707 A JP 2019113707A JP 6779443 B2 JP6779443 B2 JP 6779443B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Description
本発明はガス、液体、溶融体、粉体、超臨界性流体、あるいはそれらの中から選択し混合した流体を噴出する方法、あるいはそれらの流体を噴出させ対象物に成膜させる方法に関する。
本発明の噴出とは、噴出口から流体が所望するスピードを持って移動することを指し、噴出口の下流の噴出流のパターンの面積が噴出口より大であって例えば滴下やディスペンス、スプレイを含む。よって噴出口は微細な孔でも、２流体スプレイノズルのような複合形状でも良く、その形状大小を問うものではない。流体が関係するあるいは製造される最終製品としては空中で液状薬剤を粒子化させて医薬品などに使用される造粒方法やメルトブローン方式あるいはエレクトロスピニング等による繊維や不織布製造も含まれる。脱イオン水や溶剤などの液体や粒子化したドライアイスなどを噴出して行う基材の洗浄も含まれる。更に粉粒体を圧縮ガスとともに噴出し対象物に接触乃至衝突させてバリ取りなどを行うブラストも含まれる。また成膜とは噴出流が被塗物などの対象物に向けて移動し、衝突または接触して付着することを含み一般的塗装、原料ガスを高温の対象物に接触させて成膜するＣＶＤや、有機金属原料をバブリングさるなどしてキャリヤガスで移動させ成膜させるＭＯＣＶＤ法も含有する。圧縮気体と共に混合された流体として噴出口から噴出され移動させ塗着させる粉粒体、超臨界性と混合した液体などの流体のスプレイ、エアアシストディスペンスジェット、霧化（含む繊維化）施与、静電霧化（含む繊維化）施与等の粒子や繊維を被塗物に塗布する工法を含み、マイクロカーテン施与も含む。
マイクロカーテンとは広角パターンのエアレススプレイノズル等で液体などを１ＭＰａ以下好ましくは０．３ＭＰａ前後の比較的低圧でスプレイする際、霧になる前の液膜の部分を使用して被塗物とスプレイノズルをトラバースして塗布する方法であって塗面にオーバースプレイ粒子は発生しない。被塗物を通り過ぎて距離が離れると霧状に変化する。
また霧化（繊維化）施与とはスプレイによる粒子化以外に、液体や溶融体などを超音波、エレクトロスピニングなどのスピン、回転体による遠心力、メルトブローン方式などで粒子や繊維をつくりだす方法により対象物にそれらを付着あるいは塗布する工法を指す。
The present invention relates to a method of ejecting a gas, a liquid, a melt, a powder, a supercritical fluid, or a fluid selected from them and a mixture thereof, or a method of ejecting these fluids to form a film on an object.
The ejection of the present invention means that the fluid moves from the ejection port at a desired speed, and the area of the ejection flow pattern downstream of the ejection port is larger than that of the ejection port, for example, dripping, dispensing, and spraying. Including. Therefore, the spout may be a fine hole or a composite shape such as a two-fluid spray nozzle, and its shape does not matter. Final products related to or manufactured by fluids include granulation methods used for pharmaceuticals by atomizing liquid chemicals in the air, and fiber and non-woven fabric manufacturing by melt blown method or electrospinning. It also includes cleaning of the base material by ejecting liquid such as deionized water or solvent or particleized dry ice. Further, blasting in which the powder or granular material is brought into contact with or collides with the ejected object together with the compressed gas to remove burrs is also included. In addition, film formation includes general coating, including the fact that the ejected flow moves toward an object such as an object to be coated and collides with or adheres to the object. It also includes a MOCVD method in which an organometallic raw material is moved by a carrier gas to form a film by bubbling or the like. Powders and granules that are ejected from the spout as a fluid mixed with compressed gas to be moved and applied, sprays of fluids such as liquids mixed with supercriticality, air-assisted dispense jets, atomization (including fibrosis) application, It includes a method of applying particles and fibers to an object to be coated, such as electrostatic atomization (including fibrosis), and also includes microcurtain application.
What is a micro curtain? When spraying a liquid or the like with a wide-angle pattern airless spray nozzle or the like at a relatively low pressure of 1 MPa or less, preferably around 0.3 MPa, the part of the liquid film before becoming mist is used to spray the object to be coated. This is a method of applying by traversing the nozzle, and no overspray particles are generated on the coated surface. It changes into a mist as it passes the object to be coated and the distance increases.
In addition to atomization by spraying, atomization (fiberization) is a method of creating particles and fibers by spinning liquids and melts such as ultrasonic waves and electrospinning, centrifugal force by rotating bodies, and melt blown method. Refers to a method of attaching or applying them to an object.
従来、液体や溶融体あるいは粉体などの材料を使用して塗装などの工程で材料を噴出（スプレイ）するなどの塗布作業を行う場合、被塗物以外の箇所まで粒子が飛散し付着してしまう現象（業界ではオーバースプレイと呼ぶ）があった。粉体塗料は金属などの被塗装物に粉体を付着させる必要があるため大部分が静電気を利用し粉体を帯電させて被塗装物に付着させオーブンで粉体をメルトさせて塗膜にしていた。また液体や溶融体も被塗物が金属などの導電体の場合はより塗着効率を高めるために静電気を使用していた。塗材が液体や溶融体であって凹凸の無い薄板や長尺のウェブ（ＷＥＢ）などの被塗物はロールコート、カーテンコート、スロットノズルなどのシンプルな塗布装置で高速に処理し対応できる。しかしＬＥＤなどのような凹凸のある被塗物や、瞬時に湿気や水分で変形するデリケートな固体高分子型燃料電池（ＰＥＦＣ）用電解質膜に電極インクを塗布するには薄膜で均一に積層塗布できるスプレイや超音波霧化などの微粒子施与などを応用するしか方法がなかった。 Conventionally, when coating work such as spraying a material using a material such as liquid, melt, or powder in a process such as painting, particles are scattered and adhered to places other than the object to be coated. There was a phenomenon (called overspray in the industry). Since powder paint needs to adhere powder to an object to be coated such as metal, most of them use static electricity to charge the powder and attach it to the object to be coated, and melt the powder in an oven to form a coating film. Was there. In addition, when the object to be coated is a conductor such as metal, static electricity is used for the liquid and the melt in order to further improve the coating efficiency. An object to be coated such as a thin plate or a long web (WEB) whose coating material is a liquid or a melt and has no unevenness can be processed at high speed with a simple coating device such as a roll coat, a curtain coat, or a slot nozzle. However, in order to apply electrode ink to an uneven object such as an LED or a delicate electrolyte membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) that instantly deforms due to moisture or moisture, a thin film is uniformly laminated. There was no other way but to apply fine particle application such as spraying and ultrasonic atomization.
スプレイノズルなどで流体を噴出する場合、スプレイパターンより広幅の基材に塗布しかつ生産スピードを上げるためには広幅のスプレイパターンのヘッドを使用して基材と直交して例えば分速３０乃至６０メートルの高速でトラバースするか、複数のスプレイヘッドを基材と直交するように並べて使用する必要があった。スプレイの噴射角が広いと入射と反射の理屈通りリバウンドが多く、またスプレイ流はトラバースのスピードで発生する風に煽られ方向性が失われるので塗着効率は２流体スプレイでは３０％以下、エアレススプレイでも５０％以下であった。後者でもリバウンドは同様にあり、スプレイパターンをラップさせる様に配列して同時にスプレイするとスプレイパターンが干渉してパターンが乱れて変形し均一な塗膜分布を得ることができなかった。そのためスプレイパターンが干渉しないようにそれぞれを遠ざけて設置する必要が生じ装置としての制御コストがかかり複雑で装置が大型にならざるをえなかった。 When a fluid is ejected with a spray nozzle or the like, in order to apply it to a base material wider than the spray pattern and increase the production speed, a head with a wide spray pattern is used and orthogonal to the base material, for example, 30 to 60 minutes per minute. It was necessary to traverse at high speeds of meters or to use multiple spray heads side by side so that they were orthogonal to the substrate. If the injection angle of the spray is wide, there are many rebounds according to the theory of incident and reflection, and the spray flow is blown by the wind generated at the traverse speed and loses direction, so the coating efficiency is 30% or less with a two-fluid spray, airless. The spray was also less than 50%. The latter also had the same rebound, and when the spray patterns were arranged so as to wrap and sprayed at the same time, the spray patterns interfered and the patterns were disturbed and deformed, and a uniform coating film distribution could not be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to install them away from each other so that the spray patterns do not interfere with each other, and the control cost as a device is high, which is complicated and the device has to be large.
また、一般的な連続スプレイ装置ではノズル詰まりを解消するためにノズル口径や流量制限部の断面積を大きくするのが一般的であった。その為被塗物に薄膜で塗装などを所望する場合、被塗物を低スピードで搬送すると単位面積当たりの塗布量が多くなりすぎるため、被塗物を高速で移動させるか、低スピード搬送で良い場合は被塗物に直交してスプレイ装置を高速でトラバースさせながら塗布する必要があった。スプレイ流は高速で移動されると上記のように風に煽られて塗着効率が極端に低下することが業界の常識であった。そのため一般塗装の分野では塗着効率は以下に示す通り低かった。また塗料の被塗物への仕上がり状態を良くするにはスプレイ粒子を微粒化する必要があった。微粒化して広角でスプレイするとエアスプレイまたは二流体スプレイとよばれる方法では塗着効率は３０パーセント以下であった。また同様な仕様ではエアレススプレイでの塗着効率も４０乃至６０パーセント程度であった。静電を付加しても前者は４０乃至６０パーセント、後者は６０乃至７５パーセント程度であった。 Further, in a general continuous spray device, it is common to increase the nozzle diameter and the cross-sectional area of the flow rate limiting portion in order to eliminate the nozzle clogging. Therefore, when it is desired to coat the object to be coated with a thin film, if the object to be coated is transported at low speed, the amount of coating per unit area will be too large, so the object to be coated may be moved at high speed or transported at low speed. In a good case, it was necessary to apply while traversing the spray device at high speed perpendicular to the object to be coated. It was common knowledge in the industry that when the spray flow was moved at high speed, it was blown by the wind as described above and the coating efficiency was extremely reduced. Therefore, in the field of general coating, the coating efficiency was low as shown below. In addition, it was necessary to atomize the spray particles in order to improve the finished state of the paint on the object to be coated. When atomized and sprayed at a wide angle, the coating efficiency was 30% or less by the method called air spray or two-fluid spray. Further, with the same specifications, the coating efficiency in the airless spray was about 40 to 60%. Even if static electricity was added, the former was about 40 to 60%, and the latter was about 60 to 75%.
特許文献１は本発明者らにより上記問題を解決するために発明された先行技術であってノズル詰まりを無くするために流路の大きいノズルで間欠的（パルス的）にスプレイすることで単位時間当たりの流量を少なくすることができる。 Patent Document 1 is a prior art invented by the present inventors to solve the above problem, and is used by intermittently (pulse-like) spraying with a nozzle having a large flow path in order to eliminate nozzle clogging for a unit time. The flow rate per hit can be reduced.
特許文献２は本発明者によって発明された粉体のパルス的塗布方法でエジェクターポンプ圧を高くして塗布量を安定させ、単位時間当たりのパルスの数で流量調整ができる方法である。 Patent Document 2 is a method of applying a powder in a pulsed manner invented by the present inventor, which increases the ejector pump pressure to stabilize the application amount and adjusts the flow rate by the number of pulses per unit time.
特許文献３及び４は同じく本発明者らによって発明された洗浄方法であって、洗浄媒体を被洗浄物にパルス的に打ち当てて洗浄することにより連続スプレイではなし得なかった洗浄効果があることが開示されている。 Patent Documents 3 and 4 are cleaning methods also invented by the present inventors, and have a cleaning effect that cannot be achieved by continuous spraying by pulsating a cleaning medium against an object to be cleaned. Is disclosed.
一般塗装分野のスプレイによる塗装作業や洗浄方法では前述のごとく、生産性を高めるため広角ノズルを用いて連続スプレイすることが一般的で、複数のスプレイ装置あるいはスプレイヘッドを用いてパルススプレイを行う場合であっても、スプレイ流の干渉を無視するケースが多かった。干渉しないようにする場合は例えば被塗物などの流れ方向にヘッド同士を離して設置していたため装置が大型化し、制御も複雑であった。 As mentioned above, in the painting work and cleaning method by spraying in the general painting field, continuous spraying is generally performed using a wide-angle nozzle in order to increase productivity, and when performing pulse spraying using multiple spraying devices or spray heads. Even so, there were many cases where spray-style interference was ignored. In order to prevent interference, for example, the heads were installed apart from each other in the flow direction of the object to be coated, so that the device became large and the control was complicated.
本発明は前述の課題を解決するためになされたもので、本発明の目的は生産性を高めたうえで装置をコンパクトにすること。材料の使用効率を上げること。また別な目的例えば洗浄剤による被洗浄物へのインパクトを与えた完璧な洗浄を行うこと。あるいはガス流体や液体などを均一に目的物に成膜させること。またコンパクトな装置でかつ安定した品質の造粒を大量に行うこと。またあるいは目的物に効果的なブラストを行うことなどである。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to increase productivity and make the device compact. Increase the efficiency of material use. Another purpose, for example, to perform perfect cleaning with an impact on the object to be cleaned with a cleaning agent. Alternatively, a gas fluid or liquid is uniformly formed on the target object. In addition, a large amount of granulation with stable quality should be performed with a compact device. Alternatively, it is possible to perform effective blasting on the target object.
本発明は複数の噴出口から流体を噴出する方法であって、隣り合う噴出口からの噴出流が下流で干渉しないように、タイミングをずらして噴出することを特徴とする流体の噴出方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a method for ejecting a fluid from a plurality of ejection outlets, which comprises ejecting the fluid at different timings so that the ejected flows from adjacent outlets do not interfere with each other downstream. To do.
本発明は隣り合う噴出口からの噴出流が干渉しないようにタイミングをずらしてパルス的に噴出することを特徴とする流体の噴出方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a method for ejecting a fluid, which comprises ejecting in a pulsed manner at different timings so that ejected flows from adjacent ejection outlets do not interfere with each other.
本発明は流体が液体、溶融体、粉粒体、ガス、超臨界性流体の単独あるいはそれらの中から少なくとも２種類を選択した混合体であることを特徴とする流体の噴出方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a method for ejecting a fluid, characterized in that the fluid is a liquid, a melt, a powder or granular material, a gas, a supercritical fluid alone, or a mixture of at least two selected from them.
本発明は流体を静電気的に帯電させることを特徴とする流体の噴出方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a method for ejecting a fluid, which comprises electrostatically charging the fluid.
本発明は少なくとも噴出口付近で流体に超音波を付加することを特徴とする流体の噴出方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a method for ejecting a fluid, which comprises applying ultrasonic waves to the fluid at least in the vicinity of the ejection port.
本発明は噴出した流体が粒子または繊維になることを特徴とする流体の噴出方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a method for ejecting a fluid, which comprises forming the ejected fluid into particles or fibers.
本発明はパルス回数が１秒当たり１乃至１０００回であることを特徴とする流体の噴出方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a method for ejecting a fluid, characterized in that the number of pulses is 1 to 1000 times per second.
本発明は流体の一つの自動開閉機構（バルブ）の下流に複数の噴出口を設置する第一の工程と、複数の自動開閉機構を設置する第二の工程と、複数の自動開閉機構の内少なくとも二つの自動開閉機構を選択しそれぞれの下流の噴出口が隣り合うように交互に配置される第三の工程からなることを特徴とする流体の噴出方法を提供する。 The present invention includes a first step of installing a plurality of spouts downstream of one automatic opening / closing mechanism (valve) of a fluid, a second step of installing a plurality of automatic opening / closing mechanisms, and a plurality of automatic opening / closing mechanisms. Provided is a method for ejecting a fluid, which comprises a third step of selecting at least two automatic opening / closing mechanisms and arranging their downstream outlets alternately so as to be adjacent to each other.
本発明は流体を対象物に向けて複数の噴出口から噴出する方法であって、対象物上で隣り合う噴出口からの噴出パターンがラップするように複数の噴出口を配置する第一の工程と、隣り合う噴出口の片方が噴出するとき、もう片方の噴出口からは噴出しないようにお互いがタイミングをずらしてパルス的に噴出する第二の工程と、噴出した流体を対象物に衝突または接触させる第三の工程からなる流体の成膜方法を提供する。 The present invention is a method of ejecting a fluid toward an object from a plurality of ejection ports, and is a first step of arranging a plurality of ejection ports so that ejection patterns from adjacent ejection ports wrap on the object. And, when one of the adjacent spouts spouts, the second step is to stagger the timing so that they do not spout from the other spout, and the spouted fluid collides with the object or Provided is a method for forming a fluid film, which comprises a third step of contacting.
本発明は複数の噴出口は一列または略一列または複数列に群として存在し、複数の噴出口と対象物とは相対移動し噴出された流体は対象物に衝突または接触することを特徴とする流体の成膜方法を提供する。 The present invention is characterized in that a plurality of spouts exist in a single row, substantially one row, or a plurality of rows as a group, the plurality of spouts and the object move relative to each other, and the ejected fluid collides with or comes into contact with the object. A method for forming a fluid is provided.
本発明は複数の噴出口が円上または略円上に、または円形または略円形に配置されることを特徴とする流体の成膜方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a method for forming a fluid, which comprises arranging a plurality of spouts on a circle or a substantially circle, or in a circle or a substantially circular shape.
本発明は一列または略一列に配置された複数の噴出口からなる噴出口群、または１つのヘッドに配置された複数の噴出口からなる噴出口群からの流体のパルス的噴出流の対象物上でのパターンがラップしないように前記流体を対象物に付着させる第一の工程と、前記対象物と前記一列または略一列の噴出口群または一つのヘッドの噴出口群は相対移動する第二の工程と、上記略一列の噴出口群または一つのヘッドの噴出口群は対象物と直交または略直交して１乃至３０ミリメートル往復移動してパルス的に流体を噴出し、前記流体が付着したパターンとラップせる第三の工程とからなることを特徴とする流体の成膜方法を提供する。 The present invention is on an object of a pulsed discharge of fluid from a group of spouts consisting of a plurality of spouts arranged in a row or substantially a row, or a group of spouts consisting of a plurality of spouts arranged in one head. The first step of adhering the fluid to the object so that the pattern in the above is not wrapped, and the second step in which the object and the one-row or substantially one-row spout group or one head spout group move relative to each other. The process and the above-mentioned substantially one-row spout group or one head spout group reciprocate 1 to 30 mm at right angles or substantially orthogonal to the object to eject the fluid in a pulsed manner, and the pattern to which the fluid adheres. Provided is a method for forming a fluid film, which comprises a third step of wrapping.
本発明は一列または略一列に配置された複数の噴出口からなる噴出口群、または１つのヘッドに配置された複数の噴出口からなる噴出口群からの流体のパルス的噴出流の対象物上でのパターンがラップしないようにする第一の工程と、前記一列または略一列の噴出口群またはヘッドの噴出口群を対象物の移動方向と直交または略直交して複数列配置する第二の工程と、前記対象物と前記噴出口群は相対移動する第三の工程と、前記対象物上で少なくとも２列目の噴出パルス的噴出流のパターンを１列目のすでに流体が付着したパターンとラップさせる第四の工程からなる流体の成膜方法。 The present invention is on an object of a pulsed discharge of fluid from a group of spouts consisting of a plurality of spouts arranged in a row or substantially a row, or a group of spouts consisting of a plurality of spouts arranged in one head. The first step of preventing the pattern from wrapping in, and the second step of arranging the one-row or substantially one-row spout group or the head spout group in a plurality of rows orthogonally or substantially orthogonally to the moving direction of the object. The process, the third step in which the object and the spout group move relative to each other, and the pattern of the ejection pulse-like ejection flow in at least the second row on the object and the pattern in which the fluid has already adhered to the first row. A method for forming a fluid, which comprises a fourth step of wrapping.
本発明は流体が液体、溶融体、粉粒体、ガス、超臨界性流体またはそれらの中から選択された少なくとも２種類の混合体からなり噴射された流体が対象物上に成膜されることを特徴とする流体の成膜方法を提供する。 In the present invention, the fluid is composed of a liquid, a melt, a powder or granular material, a gas, a supercritical fluid, or a mixture of at least two kinds selected from them, and an injected fluid is formed on an object. A method for forming a fluid film is provided.
本発明は対象物が加熱された基材であって流体が原料ガスまたはスプレイ熱分解法用溶液であって、流体の噴出流が対象物の上昇気流に打ち勝つようにパルス的に行うことを特徴とする流体の成膜方法を提供する。 The present invention is characterized in that the object is a heated base material and the fluid is a raw material gas or a spray thermal decomposition method solution, and the ejection flow of the fluid is pulsed so as to overcome the updraft of the object. Provided is a method for forming a film of a fluid.
本発明の流体の噴出方法や成膜方法によれば複数の噴出口からの流体は干渉せず独立して所望する噴出流パターンで移動し例えば流体が液体や粉体などの塗料であれば被塗物に計算通りの塗布パターンとして塗布させることができる。 According to the fluid ejection method and the film forming method of the present invention, fluids from a plurality of ejection ports do not interfere with each other and move independently in a desired ejection flow pattern. For example, if the fluid is a paint such as liquid or powder, it is covered. It can be applied to the coating material as a coating pattern as calculated.
本発明は特開平０４−００４０６０の液体や溶融体の流出流に向けて周回する圧縮流体噴出孔から圧縮気体を吹き付け衝突させて偏向させて円やドーナツ状などのパターンを得る方法に応用できる。例えば４個のヘッドまたは装置を設置して同時に液体などの流出をスタートした場合、周回する圧縮気体噴出孔の奇跡の円の角度を０から３６０度とすると１つ目のヘッドは０度、２つ目のヘッドは９０度、３つ目のヘッドは１８０度、４つ目のヘッドは２７０度とすることができる。そうすればパターン幅より複数のヘッドのピッチを狭くしてもそれぞれの噴出流を全く干渉させずにそれぞれのヘッドのピッチを例えば５０ｍｍとしドーナツパターンを１メートルとしてトラバースするとヘッドの移動方向と直交して移動する広幅なウェブに対しても緻密な分布のパターンを形成できる。そして１ヘッドの４倍のスピードで生産ができる。１０ヘッドなら１０倍になる。そのうえ装置は１ヘッドとほとんど変わらずコンパクトにできる。本特許文献で紹介されているスワールスプレイパターンは気体の旋回流で小径のサーキュラやドーナツパターンを形成するが本文献の方法は機械的に確実に旋回できるので小径のパターンを所望する場合は更に精度を追究した方法として応用できる。またスワールスプレイパターンは流出量や粘度によってパターンが変化するので所望するパターンを得ようとすると調整が困難であるが、本方法では計算通りのパターンを得ることができる。もちろんヘッドの数、ピッチは目的に合わせて自由に設置でき、塗料や接着剤などの液体や加熱溶融体に限らず粉粒体の塗料や接着剤にも応用でき静電気的に電界を利用して帯電させるとワイドで均一な円形パターンを得ることもできる。また医薬品などの大量造粒にも適している。多数ヘッドを利用した従来の回転霧化方式の装置などからすると規模とコストを著しく抑えることできる。 The present invention can be applied to a method of obtaining a pattern such as a circle or a donut shape by blowing a compressed gas from a compressed fluid ejection hole orbiting toward an outflow of a liquid or a melt of JP-A-04-004060 to cause a collision and deflect it. For example, if four heads or devices are installed and the outflow of liquid or the like is started at the same time, if the angle of the miracle circle of the orbiting compressed gas ejection hole is 0 to 360 degrees, the first head is 0 degrees, 2 The first head can be 90 degrees, the third head can be 180 degrees, and the fourth head can be 270 degrees. Then, even if the pitch of multiple heads is narrower than the pattern width, the pitch of each head is set to 50 mm and the donut pattern is set to 1 meter without interfering with the ejection flow at all. It is possible to form a fine distribution pattern even for a wide web that moves. And it can be produced four times faster than one head. If it is 10 heads, it will be 10 times. Moreover, the device can be made as compact as one head. The swirl spray pattern introduced in this patent document forms a small-diameter circular or donut pattern by a swirling flow of gas, but the method of this document can swirl reliably mechanically, so that it is more accurate when a small-diameter pattern is desired. Can be applied as a method of pursuing. Further, since the swirl spray pattern changes depending on the amount of outflow and the viscosity, it is difficult to adjust the desired pattern, but this method can obtain the pattern as calculated. Of course, the number and pitch of heads can be freely installed according to the purpose, and it can be applied not only to liquids such as paints and adhesives and heated melts, but also to powder and granular paints and adhesives, using an electric field electrostatically. When charged, a wide and uniform circular pattern can be obtained. It is also suitable for mass granulation of pharmaceutical products. Compared to the conventional rotary atomization type equipment that uses a large number of heads, the scale and cost can be significantly reduced.
上記のように圧縮気体で流出流を偏向させるだけでなく流体の噴出ヘッドそのものを所望する角度をもって外向きに回転体にセットして中心軸を回転させると、小径や大径の所望するドーナツや円パターンを描くことができる。その場合であっても１個乃至複数の回転体に取り付けたそれぞれのヘッドの噴出タイミングを変えて設置し噴出流を干渉させないようにすることができる。１個の回転体に複数のヘッドを取り付ける場合は目的物と回転体は相対移動すればよい。噴出流は連続で円やドーナツ状パターンを描くこともできるし、間欠的に噴出して円やドーナツパターンを描くこともできる。噴出は液体や溶融体をエアレススプレイや二流体スプレイなどで粒子化してもよく、噴出孔の形状のままビード状に噴出しても良い。液圧を３．５ＭＰａ以上にして比較的粘度の低いホットメルト接着剤や粘着剤を０．２５乃至０．５ミリメートルの口径のノズルから数メートル先の空中に速いスピードで放出するとメルトブローンのように高温の圧縮ガスを使用しなくてもそれなりの繊維の塊を製造できる。本方法は液体だけでなく粉体やガスの噴出にも適用できる。軸の中心から外向きに配置した流体の噴出ヘッドを回転するには市販の安価な１流体用あるいは多流体用ロータリージョイントを使用すればよい。流体は液体、溶融体、粉粒体とガスの混合体など制限はない。 In addition to deflecting the outflow with the compressed gas as described above, if the fluid ejection head itself is set outward at a desired angle on the rotating body and the central axis is rotated, a desired donut with a small diameter or a large diameter can be obtained. You can draw a circular pattern. Even in that case, the ejection timing of each head attached to one or a plurality of rotating bodies can be changed and installed so as not to interfere with the ejection flow. When a plurality of heads are attached to one rotating body, the target object and the rotating body may move relative to each other. The eruption flow can continuously draw a circle or donut-shaped pattern, or it can be intermittently ejected to draw a circle or donut pattern. The liquid or melt may be atomized by airless spray or bifluid spray, or may be ejected in a bead shape with the shape of the ejection hole. When the hydraulic pressure is 3.5 MPa or more and a relatively low viscosity hot melt adhesive or adhesive is released into the air several meters away from a nozzle with a diameter of 0.25 to 0.5 mm at a high speed, it looks like a melt blown. A reasonable amount of fiber can be produced without using a high-temperature compressed gas. This method can be applied not only to liquids but also to powder and gas ejection. A commercially available inexpensive one-fluid or multi-fluid rotary joint may be used to rotate the fluid ejection head arranged outward from the center of the shaft. The fluid is not limited to liquids, melts, and mixtures of powders and gases.
また特開平０３−２３８０６１の方法も複数の装置またはヘッドを用意して上記と同じ考え方で噴出流が干渉しないようにしてコンパクト化を図れる。上記と同じ目的が達成できるが、本方法ではどちらかと言えば噴出角度を小さくして対象物との距離を短くするとインパクトを持たせることができるので、洗浄や凹凸のある対象物への塗布に特に有益である。 Further, the method of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 03-238061 can also be made compact by preparing a plurality of devices or heads and preventing the ejection flow from interfering with the same concept as described above. The same purpose as above can be achieved, but if anything, this method can give an impact by reducing the ejection angle and shortening the distance to the object, so it is suitable for cleaning and application to uneven objects. Especially useful.
本発明では複数のヘッド同士のピッチがパターン幅よりも狭くても複数のヘッドの内、隣り合う噴出ヘッドの噴出タイミングのパルスの位相をずらして噴出させて、噴出流が空中で干渉しないようにさせることができる。目的物に到達する時のパターン幅が例えば２５０ミリメートルであっても隣り合うヘッドとヘッドの距離を２５ミリメートルにしても全く干渉しないので装置をコンパクトにでき密度の濃い塗布ができるのでコストを抑えても生産性が向上することになる。当然のことながらベルやディスクなどの回転霧化塗布にも応用できる。ベルやディスクは静電気的に帯電させて塗布を行うが本発明では塗料のベルやディスクなどの霧化ヘッドへの噴出はパルスで行うのでタイミングをずらすと隣り合うパターンは空中で干渉しないようにできる。またベルなどの回転数を一定にして塗料などの単位時間当たりの流量が変わると微粒子径は変化するが本発明では連続した単位時間当たりの流量を一定にしてパルスで流量を制御できるので常に一定の微粒子が得られ品質的に管理しやすい。また水性塗料などの導電性材料をベルなどで静電塗装する場合、噴出はパルス的に行われるので静電気が絶縁されアースに流れにくいので帯電効率の面でも効果的である。そのため大型の塗料用容器や配管を絶縁する必要がないので安全でかつ設備費を大幅に低減できる。 In the present invention, even if the pitch between the plurality of heads is narrower than the pattern width, the pulses of the plurality of heads are shifted from each other in the ejection timing of the adjacent ejection heads so that the ejection flows do not interfere in the air. Can be made to. Even if the pattern width when reaching the target object is, for example, 250 mm, even if the distance between adjacent heads is 25 mm, there is no interference at all, so the device can be made compact and dense coating can be performed, so cost can be suppressed. Will also improve productivity. As a matter of course, it can also be applied to rotary atomization coating of bells and discs. The bell or disc is electrostatically charged and applied, but in the present invention, the paint is ejected to the atomizing head such as the bell or disc by a pulse, so if the timing is shifted, adjacent patterns can be prevented from interfering in the air. .. Further, when the rotation speed of the bell or the like is constant and the flow rate of the paint or the like changes per unit time, the particle diameter changes, but in the present invention, the continuous flow rate per unit time is constant and the flow rate can be controlled by a pulse, so that the flow rate is always constant. Fine particles can be obtained and it is easy to control the quality. Further, when a conductive material such as a water-based paint is electrostatically coated with a bell or the like, the ejection is performed in a pulsed manner, so that the static electricity is insulated and does not easily flow to the ground, which is effective in terms of charging efficiency. Therefore, it is not necessary to insulate a large paint container or piping, which is safe and the equipment cost can be significantly reduced.
本発明はメルトブローン製造装置のヘッドあるいはその機構を応用した液体の噴出ヘッドのように特に広幅例えば１００乃至２０００ミリメートルのヘッドに多数の液体などの微細な噴出孔があるヘッドでの均一噴出パターンに効果的である。メルトブローンで不織布を製造する方法は例えばＵＳ３８２５３８０Ａで紹介されている。１インチ当たり２０〜３０個の０．００８乃至０．００２２インチの口径のノズルから溶融樹脂を吐出し両側のエアスロットから熱風を噴出させてスピードに乗せて樹脂を引き延ばしながら繊維化し更に引き伸ばし絡ませて不織布を製造する事例が記載されている。本発明では圧縮気体の噴出はエアスロット（AIR SLOT）方式でなく溶融樹脂や液体の孔の周囲からそれぞれ独立させて噴出させるようにできる。また本発明ではヘッドの構造を限定するものではないが精度を向上させるために液体などの孔や圧縮気体の噴出口は複数の金属の薄板を例えば櫛状にエッチングして加工し、組み合わせて液体などの四角い流出孔や独立した四角い圧縮気体の噴出口を形成するようにして高精度ながら低コストでヘッドを製造することもできる。加工されたヘッドの複数の薄板は分解もできるし溶着させて立体的構造体にすることもできる。液体などの多数の微細な流出孔の上流の開閉機構と繊維化あるいは粒子化する圧縮気体の開閉機構の対を少なくとも二系統にしてそれらの下流の噴出孔は隣り合うようにして、それぞれのパルスの位相をずらせばよい。圧縮気体は噴出するとそのパターンは下流で噴出孔径より膨張するので２個隣の噴出流同士が干渉しないように例えば１インチ当たり５個乃至１０個にすれば比較的低粘度のホットメルト接着剤や粘着剤の短繊維化した接着用ウェブ製造や液体の微粒子塗布などに効果的である。液体が溶媒を含む場合は圧縮気体の回路に溶媒微粒子や溶媒蒸気などを存在させて液体の流出孔を流体の固形分が乾燥して閉塞させないようにすることが肝要である。粉体などの他の流体の噴出に関しても多数の隣り合う噴出口の上流のエジェクターポンプや開閉機構などを複数の系統にすれば良い。 The present invention is particularly effective for a uniform ejection pattern in a head having a large number of fine ejection holes such as liquid in a head having a wide width, for example, 100 to 2000 mm, such as a head of a melt blown manufacturing apparatus or a liquid ejection head to which the mechanism is applied. Is the target. A method for producing a non-woven fabric with melt blown is introduced in, for example, US3825380A. Molten resin is discharged from 20 to 30 nozzles with a diameter of 0.008 to 0.0022 inches per inch, hot air is blown out from the air slots on both sides, and the resin is stretched and entangled while stretching the resin. An example of manufacturing a non-woven fabric is described. In the present invention, the compressed gas can be ejected independently from the periphery of the holes of the molten resin or the liquid instead of the AIR SLOT method. Further, although the structure of the head is not limited in the present invention, in order to improve the accuracy, holes such as liquid and outlets of compressed gas are processed by etching a plurality of thin metal plates in a comb shape, for example, and combined to form a liquid. It is also possible to manufacture a head with high accuracy and low cost by forming a square outflow hole such as, or an independent square compressed gas ejection port. Multiple thin plates of the processed head can be disassembled or welded into a three-dimensional structure. At least two pairs of the opening / closing mechanism upstream of many fine outflow holes such as liquid and the opening / closing mechanism of compressed gas that becomes fibrous or particle are arranged so that the ejection holes downstream of them are adjacent to each other. The phase of When the compressed gas is ejected, its pattern expands downstream from the ejection hole diameter, so if the number of compressed gases is 5 to 10 per inch so that the two adjacent ejection streams do not interfere with each other, a relatively low viscosity hot melt adhesive or It is effective for producing adhesive webs with short fibers of adhesives and for applying fine particles of liquid. When the liquid contains a solvent, it is important to allow solvent fine particles or solvent vapor to be present in the circuit of the compressed gas so that the solid content of the fluid does not dry and block the outflow holes of the liquid. Regarding the ejection of other fluids such as powder, it is sufficient to use a plurality of systems such as ejector pumps and opening / closing mechanisms upstream of a large number of adjacent ejection ports.
流体、噴出流、パルスなどの条件は特に限定しないが、例えばスプレイをミリセカンド単位のパルス的に行いスプレイヘッドから被塗物までの距離を５乃至８０ミリメートルとしてスプレイ（噴出）流の角度を２０度以内、好ましくは１０度以内、更に好ましくは６度以内にしてスプレイ粒子にある程度のスピードをもたせば二流体スプレイであっても狙った箇所に確実に液体などを付着させることができる。またスプレイ角度を１０度以内にすれば、Ａ４サイズに全面塗布した場合その塗着効率はスプレイの常識を覆す９５％以上に高めることができる。そのため複数のヘッドを使用して本発明の方法を採用すると塗布の品質のみならず生産性を向上させることができる。当然洗浄に対しても上記方法は効果的でエアレススプレイ方法を採用する場合であってもスプレイ角度を４５度以内好ましくは３０度以内にして被洗浄物までの距離を１５０ミリメートル以内にして液圧を５乃至１５ＭＰａにして複数のスプレイヘッドを使用すると効果的である。 Conditions such as fluid, ejection flow, and pulse are not particularly limited, but for example, the spray is performed in milliseconds, the distance from the spray head to the object to be coated is 5 to 80 mm, and the angle of the spray (spout) flow is 20. If the spray particles are given a certain speed within a degree, preferably within 10 degrees, more preferably within 6 degrees, the liquid or the like can be reliably adhered to the target portion even with a two-fluid spray. Further, if the spray angle is set to 10 degrees or less, the coating efficiency can be increased to 95% or more, which overturns the common sense of spray, when the entire surface is coated on A4 size. Therefore, if the method of the present invention is adopted by using a plurality of heads, not only the quality of coating but also the productivity can be improved. Of course, the above method is also effective for cleaning, and even when the airless spray method is adopted, the spray angle should be within 45 degrees, preferably within 30 degrees, and the distance to the object to be cleaned should be within 150 mm. It is effective to use a plurality of spray heads at 5 to 15 MPa.
前述の通り噴出される流体は原料ガスを含む気体、粉粒体や短繊維でガスと混合させて移送するもの、塗料や液状接着剤、洗浄剤、有機溶剤、水、オイルなどの液体、ホットメルト接着剤や溶融樹脂などの溶融体、液化ガス、液化炭酸ガスを超臨界状態にした超臨界性流体、それらの混合体などを含むが、噴出流の下流の目的は問わない。 As mentioned above, the ejected fluid is a gas containing a raw material gas, a powder or a short fiber mixed with a gas and transferred, a paint, a liquid adhesive, a cleaning agent, an organic solvent, a liquid such as water or oil, or a hot liquid. It includes melts such as melt adhesives and molten resins, liquefied gas, supercritical fluids in which liquefied carbon dioxide gas is in a supercritical state, and mixtures thereof, but the purpose downstream of the ejected stream is not limited.
本発明では上記噴出流の上流や下流で気体、液体粒子、溶融体粒子、メルトブローン法やエレクトロスピニングなどで製造される繊維などに静電気的に帯電させて粒子や繊維同士を反発させて凝集させることなく目的物である被塗物などに付着させやすくすることができる。目的物の形状、材質、サイズなどを問うものでないが、半導体基板、ＬＥＤセラミック基板やウェハーレベルＬＥＤ、ガラスなどの枚葉タイプや、枚葉のフィルム、紙、あるいはロール to ロールなどに使用する長尺の薄板金属、薄板ガラス、フィルム、紙、カーボン繊維などのウェブあるいはそれらのコンポジットなどが選択できる。流体を噴射する際、枚葉の被塗物はトレイに載置してもよく、また長尺のウェブなどは噴射流の反対側を加熱吸着ドラムなどで吸着しても良い。 In the present invention, gas, liquid particles, melt particles, fibers manufactured by the melt blown method, electrospinning, or the like are electrostatically charged upstream or downstream of the ejection flow to repel the particles or fibers and aggregate them. It is possible to make it easier to adhere to the object to be coated, which is the target object. It does not matter the shape, material, size, etc. of the target object, but it is used for single-wafer type such as semiconductor substrate, LED ceramic substrate, wafer level LED, glass, single-wafer film, paper, or roll-to-roll length. You can select webs such as thin metal, thin glass, film, paper, carbon fiber, or composites thereof. When injecting the fluid, the sheet-fed object to be coated may be placed on a tray, and a long web or the like may be adsorbed on the opposite side of the jet flow with a heating adsorption drum or the like.
また流体は粒子化しやすいように超音波スプレイ、あるいはエアレススプレイ、二流体スプレイなどの噴出口や構造体に超音波振動子やホーンを付加することができる。 Further, an ultrasonic vibrator or a horn can be added to a spout or a structure such as an ultrasonic spray, an airless spray, or a two-fluid spray so that the fluid can be easily atomized.
本発明は空中で複数の噴出流が干渉しないようにすることを主目的とするが、対象物上に衝突または接触させて液体などが付着した後の噴出流の分布を均一にするために複数の噴出流の所望するパターンが対象物上で所望するラップをするように複数の噴出口を配置することができる。そして隣り合う噴出流が対象物に衝突または塗着するまでの間に干渉しないようにパルス的にタイミングをずらすことが肝要である。またそれぞれの噴出流のパターンが対象物上で干渉しない複数の噴出口を持つ一つのヘッドを一つの噴出流グループとして対象物の移動方向に複数のヘッドを配列し、あるいは噴出流グループと対象物を相対移動し、１ヘッド目の噴出流グループのそれぞれのパルス的に対象物に噴出したパターンと２ヘッド目あるいは３ヘッド目のそれぞれのパターンとを所望する形状になるようにラップさせることができる。また上記ヘッドと同様に一列の複数の噴出口の噴出流が対象物上で干渉しないように配置した群れを一つの噴出流グループとみなし複数列配置することで上記と同じ方法で対象物上に液体などを均一な分布で付着させることができる。
上記二つの方法は対象物の移動方向と直交または略直交して例えば１乃至３０ミリメートル往復移動しヘッドまたは列ごとの噴出口の対象物上での噴出流のパターンをラップさせることもできる。このようなショートトラバースするときの付着するときのパターン幅は２乃至４０ミリメートルの小径あるいは楕円の狭い角度のパターンを使用できる。パターン幅を限定するものでないが１０ｍｍ以下が好ましく小さいパターン幅ほど流体の付着効率を高めることができる。１つのヘッドあるいは一列または略一列の複数の噴出口の数は多いほど生産性の面でよい。費用対効果から５乃至１０個は対象物が小さいＬＥＤなど向けの小型装置に好ましく、１０乃至１００個あるいはそれ以上はウェブなどへの液体や溶融体の噴射に適している。
The main object of the present invention is to prevent a plurality of ejected currents from interfering with each other in the air, but in order to make the distribution of the ejected currents uniform after collision or contact with an object and liquid or the like adheres to the object. A plurality of spouts can be arranged so that the desired pattern of the spout of the spout makes the desired lap on the object. Then, it is important to shift the timing in a pulsed manner so that the adjacent jets do not interfere with each other until they collide with or coat the object. In addition, one head having a plurality of ejection points whose respective ejection flow patterns do not interfere with each other on the object is regarded as one ejection flow group, and a plurality of heads are arranged in the moving direction of the object, or the ejection flow group and the object are arranged. Can be relatively moved, and the pattern ejected to the object in each pulse of the ejection flow group of the first head and the pattern of each of the second head or the third head can be wrapped so as to have a desired shape. .. Further, as in the case of the above head, a group arranged so that the ejection flows of a plurality of spouts in a row do not interfere with each other on the object is regarded as one ejection flow group and arranged in a plurality of rows in the same manner as described above. Liquids and the like can be adhered in a uniform distribution.
The above two methods can also reciprocate, for example, 1 to 30 mm in orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the moving direction of the object to wrap the pattern of the ejection flow on the object of the head or the spout of each row. As the pattern width at the time of adhesion during such a short traverse, a pattern having a small diameter of 2 to 40 mm or a narrow angle of an ellipse can be used. Although the pattern width is not limited, 10 mm or less is preferable, and the smaller the pattern width, the higher the fluid adhesion efficiency. The larger the number of heads or a plurality of spouts in a row or substantially a row, the better the productivity. From the viewpoint of cost effectiveness, 5 to 10 pieces are suitable for a small device for LEDs having a small object, and 10 to 100 pieces or more are suitable for injecting a liquid or a melt onto a web or the like.
また本発明ではＭＯＣＶＤ法などのＣＶＤに応用でき原料ガスやスプレイ熱分解法用溶液を加熱した対象物にパルス的に複数の噴出口から噴射させ対象物の上昇気流に打ち勝って衝突または接触させて均一に成膜させることができる。原料が液体の場合はバブリング法などを採用して気化させ直接または他のキャリヤガスと一緒に移送しても良い。例えば４００乃至６００℃に加熱したガラス板上にＦＴＯ膜を成膜する場合例えば１００ミリメートルのパターン幅でスプレイすると上昇気流に押し戻されるので得策ではない。 Further, the present invention can be applied to CVD such as the MOCVD method, in which a raw material gas or a solution for a spray pyrolysis method is pulsedly injected from a plurality of ejection ports onto a heated object to overcome the updraft of the object and collide or contact it. A uniform film can be formed. When the raw material is a liquid, it may be vaporized by a bubbling method or the like and transferred directly or together with another carrier gas. For example, when forming an FTO film on a glass plate heated to 400 to 600 ° C., for example, spraying with a pattern width of 100 mm pushes it back into an updraft, which is not a good idea.
上記のように本発明によれば複数の噴出口からの流体を低コストで広範囲に均一に分散できる。そのため高品質な粉粒体や繊維などの製造は勿論のこと、対象物への塗装などを含む成膜をコンパクトな装置で高い生産性のもとに行うことできる。 As described above, according to the present invention, fluids from a plurality of spouts can be uniformly dispersed over a wide area at low cost. Therefore, it is possible not only to produce high-quality powders and fibers, but also to perform film formation including coating on an object with a compact device with high productivity.
以下、図面を参照して本発明の好適な実施形態について説明する。なお、以下の実施形態は発明の理解を容易にするための一例にすぎず本発明の技術的思想を逸脱しない範囲において当業者により実施可能な付加、置換、変形等を施すことを排除するものではない。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the following embodiments are merely examples for facilitating the understanding of the invention, and excludes addition, substitution, modification, etc. that can be carried out by those skilled in the art within a range that does not deviate from the technical idea of the present invention. is not.
図面は本発明の好適な実施の形態を概略的に示している。 The drawings schematically show preferred embodiments of the present invention.
図１において流体の開閉機能を備えた噴出ヘッド１，２，３の流体の連続した噴出流が下流で干渉するように各ヘッドを配置する。噴出タイミングは１と３が同じタイミングで噴出することができる。そして例えばそのタイミングのサイクルを１００ミリ秒／サイクルとすると噴出ヘッド１と３は最初のサイクルの１００ミリ秒の間に噴出する。例えば４５ミリ秒後に噴出を開始し、５５ミリ秒後に噴出を停止する。符号４と５はヘッド１と３のパルス的噴出流であって末広がりになりながら移動する。１と３の隣の噴出ヘッド２はそれより遅れた２番目のサイクルで同じように４５ミリ秒後に噴出を開始し５５ミリ秒後に停止する。６はヘッド２のパルス的噴出流であって１サイクル遅れて飛行する。同様に７，８は３番目のサイクルのヘッド１，３の噴出流であって同様に更に１サイクル分遅れて飛行する。そうすることによって、それぞれの噴出流は全く干渉することなく飛行する。ヘッド１，３は同じ噴出タイミングで良いので流体の開閉機構を備えた１つのヘッドの下流を分岐して２つの噴出口にしてもよい。そして流体の２個の開閉機構の下流を分岐して多くの噴出口を備え、２個の開閉機構の下流の複数の噴出口が必ず隣り合うように配置して、それぞれの連続した噴出流が空中または目的物上で干渉するように設置する。そして図１のタイミングと同じ方法で隣り合う噴出口の片方を１サイクル分遅くしてパルス的に噴出させると全く干渉することはない。昨今環境の課題を克服する手段として注目を浴びているＰＥＦＣタイプ燃料電池車のＭＥＡ製造に本発明は応用できる。流体が燃料電池用電極インクであって対象物の電解質膜に２００ミリメートル幅にパルス的に直接塗布する場合、隣り合う噴出口のピッチを７．５ミリメートルとして噴出パターンが１０ミリメートルの５６の噴出口をもつ塗布器を両極分製作すると年間６０００乃至１５０００台分の燃料電池車用の理想的なＭＥＡ（メンブラン電極アッセンブリー）が生産できる。生産量は塗布器の数に比例するが装置は非常にコンパクトにできる。 In FIG. 1, the heads of the ejection heads 1, 2, and 3 having the function of opening and closing the fluid are arranged so that the continuous ejection flow of the fluid interferes downstream. As for the ejection timing, 1 and 3 can be ejected at the same timing. Then, for example, assuming that the cycle of the timing is 100 ms / cycle, the ejection heads 1 and 3 eject during the 100 ms of the first cycle. For example, the eruption is started after 45 milliseconds, and the eruption is stopped after 55 milliseconds. Reference numerals 4 and 5 are pulse-like ejection currents of the heads 1 and 3, and move while spreading toward the end. The ejection head 2 next to 1 and 3 also starts ejecting after 45 ms and stops after 55 ms in the second cycle later than that. Reference numeral 6 denotes a pulsed eruption flow of the head 2, which flies with a delay of one cycle. Similarly, 7 and 8 are the eruptive currents of the heads 1 and 3 in the third cycle, and similarly, fly one cycle later. By doing so, each gush will fly without any interference. Since the heads 1 and 3 may have the same ejection timing, the downstream of one head provided with a fluid opening / closing mechanism may be branched into two ejection outlets. Then, the downstream of the two opening / closing mechanisms of the fluid is branched to have many spouts, and the plurality of spouts downstream of the two opening / closing mechanisms are arranged so as to be adjacent to each other, and each continuous spouting flow is generated. Install so as to interfere in the air or on the object. Then, if one of the adjacent spouts is delayed by one cycle and ejected in a pulsed manner by the same method as the timing of FIG. 1, there is no interference at all. The present invention can be applied to MEA production of PEFC type fuel cell vehicles, which have been attracting attention as a means for overcoming environmental problems these days. When the fluid is electrode ink for a fuel cell and is directly applied to the electrolyte membrane of the object in a pulsed manner with a width of 200 mm, 56 spouts with a spout pattern of 10 mm with a pitch of adjacent spouts of 7.5 mm An ideal MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) for 6000 to 15000 fuel cell vehicles can be produced annually by manufacturing a coating device with both poles. The production volume is proportional to the number of coaters, but the equipment can be very compact.
図２は図１のタイミングチャートである。 FIG. 2 is a timing chart of FIG.
図３は流体が液体や溶融体であって圧縮気体で粒子や繊維化する際の１サイクル分のタイミングチャートである。噴出をパルス的に行う場合は液体などの吐出や流出の前後にも圧縮気体を噴出させる必要がある。液体の吐出のタイミングに対して圧縮気体を前後にそれぞれ５乃至１０ミリ秒長く噴出する必要がある。
もちろんサイクル内であればそれより長くてもよいが省資源の立場から消費量を多くすることは良くない。
FIG. 3 is a timing chart for one cycle when the fluid is a liquid or a melt and is made into particles or fibers with a compressed gas. When the ejection is performed in a pulsed manner, it is necessary to eject the compressed gas before and after the discharge or outflow of the liquid or the like. It is necessary to eject the compressed gas back and forth for 5 to 10 milliseconds longer than the timing of discharging the liquid.
Of course, it may be longer than that within the cycle, but it is not good to increase the consumption from the standpoint of resource saving.
図４は噴出ヘッドと噴出流のパターンを２列に配置した図である。ヘッド１１から１４は前列に、ヘッド１５乃至１８は後列に配置してある。ヘッド１１と１３、ヘッド１５と１７が最初のサイクルで流体を噴出したときはヘッド１２と１４及び１６と１８は噴出せず第２のサイクルの所望するタイミングで噴出する。符号２１乃至２８は噴出流のパターンを示す。イニシャルコストの観点からヘッド１１，１３，１５，１７は１つの開閉機構、例えば高速応答性に優れているディスペンス用開閉自動バルブや自動開閉スプレイガンの下流を分岐してそれぞれを噴出口としてよく、ヘッド１２，１４，１６，１８も別の１つの開閉機構の下流を分岐して噴出口としてよい。 FIG. 4 is a diagram in which the ejection head and the ejection flow pattern are arranged in two rows. Heads 11 to 14 are arranged in the front row, and heads 15 to 18 are arranged in the back row. When the heads 11 and 13 and the heads 15 and 17 eject the fluid in the first cycle, the heads 12 and 14 and 16 and 18 do not eject but eject at a desired timing in the second cycle. Reference numerals 21 to 28 indicate the pattern of the eruption flow. From the viewpoint of initial cost, the heads 11, 13, 15 and 17 may be branched into one opening / closing mechanism, for example, an automatic opening / closing valve for dispense and an automatic opening / closing spray gun having excellent high-speed response, and each of them may be used as a spout. The heads 12, 14, 16 and 18 may also branch downstream of another opening / closing mechanism to serve as a spout.
図５は密にヘッドを配置した３列の図である。最初のサイクルで前と後の列のみの１個おきのヘッド３１，３３，３９，４１が噴出し、２番目のサイクルで真ん中の列のヘッドの１個おきのヘッド３６，３８が噴出し、3番目のサイクルで前と後ろの列の噴出していなかったヘッド３２，３４，４０，４２から流体は噴出する。それぞれの噴出流のパターン例えば１３１，１３６，１３９がぎりぎり干渉しないとしても圧縮気体で液体等を粒子化する場合、圧縮気体は粒子噴出流のパターンの外まで広って圧縮気体同士が干渉して粒子噴出流のパターンを乱す可能性もあるので事前に確認が必要である。 FIG. 5 is a three-row diagram in which the heads are closely arranged. In the first cycle, every other head 31, 33, 39, 41 in the front and back rows spouts, and in the second cycle, every other head 36, 38 in the middle row spouts. In the third cycle, fluid is ejected from the heads 32, 34, 40, 42 which were not ejected in the front and back rows. Even if each ejection flow pattern, for example, 131, 136, 139, does not interfere with each other, when a liquid or the like is atomized with a compressed gas, the compressed gas spreads outside the particle ejection flow pattern and the compressed gases interfere with each other. It is necessary to confirm in advance because it may disturb the pattern of the particle ejection flow.
図６は円（CIRCULAR）上に流体を噴出する例であって、ヘッド３１，３３，３５，３７，３９が最初のサイクルで噴出し、噴出パターン４１，４３，４５，４７，４９を得ることができる。第２のサイクルでヘッド３２，３４，３６，３８，４０から噴出してドーナツパターンを得ることができる。ヘッドの数を増やすことによりさらに密なドーナツパターンを得ることができる。 FIG. 6 shows an example of ejecting a fluid on a circle (CIRCULAR), in which the heads 31, 33, 35, 37, 39 eject in the first cycle to obtain ejection patterns 41, 43, 45, 47, 49. Can be done. In the second cycle, a donut pattern can be obtained by ejecting from the heads 32, 34, 36, 38, 40. A denser donut pattern can be obtained by increasing the number of heads.
図６と同じように円形の内側にも多くのヘッドまたは噴出口を配置し同じような手順でフルコーンのパターンを形成できる。特にシリコンウェハーなどのディスク形状の成膜にはこの方法は効果的である。 As in FIG. 6, many heads or spouts can be arranged inside the circle to form a full cone pattern by the same procedure. This method is particularly effective for forming a disk-shaped film such as a silicon wafer.
また本発明の塗布方法を前述のように付加価値の高い製品の製造に応用できる。例えばＰＥＦＣなどの燃料電池電極形成に応用することができる。流体を燃料電池電極触媒インクとし、被塗物をＧＤＬ（ガスディフュージョンレイヤー）や電解質膜とすることができる。電極インクを電解質膜に直接塗布すると電極と電解質膜の密着性が良く、電気的界面抵抗が低くできるので理想的とされている。高速生産性で知られるダイ方式のスロットノズルは広幅で間歇塗布ができるので生産性の面からＧＤＬに対しては申し分ないが、バックシートの無い２５マイクロメートル以下の薄い電解質膜に直接塗布することは不可能で、またスロットノズル方式は性能面からすると触媒層にはマイクロポア、メソポア、マクロポアなどの形成が難しかった。そのため理想的なマクロポアなどの形成に過去からＦＣＶなどのＭＥＡで実績の多いパルス的スプレイ塗布方法が嘱望されていた。とくに電極触媒が触媒と電解質溶液と溶媒からなるスラーリー（ＳＬＵＲＲＹ）を水分で瞬間的に変形する電解質膜にパルス的スプレイ塗布をする場合、電解質膜を加熱吸着しながら１個または複数のスプレイヘッドをトラバースして薄膜で積層塗布する必要があったため生産性が極めて低くロール to ロール方式には適さなかった。しかし本発明の方法によれば噴出流の塗布パターン径を５ミリメートル以下にすることによりマスキングなしで電極形成ができる。またそれを複数列配置することによりコンパクトでトータルコストの低い装置をもって遥かに高い生産性を得ることができる。 Further, the coating method of the present invention can be applied to the production of high value-added products as described above. For example, it can be applied to the formation of fuel cell electrodes such as PEFC. The fluid can be a fuel cell electrode catalyst ink, and the object to be coated can be a GDL (gas diffusion layer) or an electrolyte film. It is ideal to apply the electrode ink directly to the electrolyte film because the adhesion between the electrode and the electrolyte film is good and the electrical interface resistance can be lowered. The die-type slot nozzle, which is known for its high-speed productivity, has a wide width and can be applied intermittently, so it is perfect for GDL in terms of productivity, but it should be applied directly to a thin electrolyte film of 25 micrometers or less without a back sheet. In addition, it was difficult to form micropores, mesopores, macropores, etc. in the catalyst layer from the viewpoint of performance in the slot nozzle method. Therefore, for the formation of ideal macropores and the like, a pulse-like spray coating method having a proven track record in MEA such as FCV has been desired from the past. In particular, when pulse spray coating is applied to an electrolyte membrane in which the electrode catalyst momentarily deforms SLURRY, which consists of a catalyst, an electrolyte solution, and a solvent, one or more spray heads are applied while heating and adsorbing the electrolyte membrane. Since it was necessary to traverse and laminate and apply a thin film, the productivity was extremely low and it was not suitable for the roll-to-roll method. However, according to the method of the present invention, the electrode can be formed without masking by setting the coating pattern diameter of the ejection flow to 5 mm or less. In addition, by arranging them in a plurality of rows, it is possible to obtain much higher productivity with a compact and low total cost device.
本発明によれば流体の種類に関係なくコンパクトでかつコストが低い装置化が図れるので、造粒、繊維化、洗浄、成膜などのあらゆる分野の生産性を上げることができる。そして付加価値の高いアプリケーションにも適用できる。 According to the present invention, a compact and low-cost device can be made regardless of the type of fluid, so that productivity in all fields such as granulation, fibrosis, cleaning, and film formation can be increased. And it can be applied to high value-added applications.
１，２，３ 噴出ヘッド
４，５ 第１サイクル噴出流
６ 第２サイクル噴出流
７，８ 第３サイクル噴出流
１１，１２，１３，１４ 前列ヘッド
１５，１６，１７，１８ 後列ヘッド
２１，２１，２５，２７ 第１サイクル噴出流
２２，２４，２６，２８ 第２サイクル噴出流
３１，３２，３３，３４ 前列ヘッド
３５，３６，３７，３８ 中列ヘッド
３９，４０，４１，４２ 後列ヘッド
１３１，１３３，１３６，１３８，１３９，１４１ 第１サイクル噴出流
１３２，１３４，１３５，１３７，１４０，１４２ 第２噴出流
６１，６２，６３~６９、７０ 円上のヘッド
１６１，１６３，１６５，１６７，１６９ 第１サイクル噴出流
１６２，１６４，１６６，１６８，１７０ 第２サイクル噴出流
1,2,3 Ejection heads 4,5 1st cycle eruption flow 6 2nd cycle eruption flow 7,8 3rd cycle eruption flow 11,12,13,14 Front row head
15, 16, 17, 18 Back row heads 21, 21, 25, 27 First cycle ejection flow 22, 24, 26, 28 Second cycle ejection flow 31, 32, 33, 34 Front row heads 35, 36, 37, 38 Middle Row heads 39, 40, 41, 42 Back row heads 131, 133, 136, 138, 139, 141 First cycle ejection flow 132, 134, 135, 137, 140, 142 Second ejection flow 61, 62, 63 to 69, Head over 70 yen
161,163,165,167,169 1st cycle eruption flow 162,164,166,168,170 2nd cycle eruption flow
Claims (7)
The electrode ink to the electrolyte membrane or a gas diffusion layer for a PEFC-type fuel cell A method for producing a divergent by spray forming an electrode in a fuel cell with a spray nozzle, the spray nozzle and the electrolyte membrane or a gas diffusion layer The step of moving relative to each other, the step of arranging a plurality of spray nozzles in a single row or substantially one row or a plurality of rows, and until the spray flow of the adjacent spray nozzles among the plurality of spray nozzles adheres to the electrolyte membrane or the gas diffusion layer. During the period, the step of spraying at different timings so as not to interfere with each other and the step of forming the electrodes by wrapping the spray patterns of the electrode inks of the adjacent spray nozzles on the electrolyte membrane or the gas diffusion layer. A characteristic method for manufacturing a fuel cell.
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