JP6773580B2 - Manufacturing method of artificial stone - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of artificial stone Download PDF

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JP6773580B2
JP6773580B2 JP2017019407A JP2017019407A JP6773580B2 JP 6773580 B2 JP6773580 B2 JP 6773580B2 JP 2017019407 A JP2017019407 A JP 2017019407A JP 2017019407 A JP2017019407 A JP 2017019407A JP 6773580 B2 JP6773580 B2 JP 6773580B2
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artificial stone
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裕一 田中
裕一 田中
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Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)

Description

本発明は、浚渫土等の泥土を用いた人工石の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing an artificial stone using mud such as dredged soil.

浚渫土や製鋼スラグの有効活用を目的として、浚渫土と製鋼スラグ、高炉スラグ微粉末、高炉セメント、フライアッシュ等を混合して人工石を製造する方法が公知である（たとえば、特許文献１，２参照）。このような人工石は、海中に投入して漁礁や藻礁や裏込石等として利用される。 For the purpose of effective utilization of dredged soil and steelmaking slag, a method for producing artificial stone by mixing dredged soil with steelmaking slag, blast furnace slag fine powder, blast furnace cement, fly ash and the like is known (for example, Patent Document 1, 2). Such artificial stones are thrown into the sea and used as fishing reefs, algae reefs, backfill stones, and the like.

浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造方法の従来例について図９のフローチャートを参照して説明する。浚渫土について含水比を調整してから（Ｓ５１）、浚渫土に製鋼スラグ・高炉スラグ微粉末等をミキサやバックホウにより混合し（Ｓ５２）、この混合材料を運搬し（Ｓ５３）、型枠に打設し（Ｓ５４）、材料に目地入れを行い（Ｓ５５）、型枠内で一定期間養生（3〜7日程度）してから（Ｓ５６）、破砕し（Ｓ５７）、破砕により得た所定の大きさの人工石を運搬し（Ｓ５８）、養生ヤードで養生し（Ｓ５９）、漁礁や藻礁等の形成のために運搬し水中に投入する（Ｓ６０）（たとえば、非特許文献１〜３参照）。 A conventional example of a method for producing an artificial stone using dredged soil will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. After adjusting the water content of the dredged soil (S51), steelmaking slag, blast furnace slag fine powder, etc. are mixed with the dredged soil with a mixer or backhoe (S52), and this mixed material is transported (S53) and beaten into a mold. After setting (S54), perforating the material (S55), curing in the mold for a certain period (about 3 to 7 days) (S56), crushing (S57), the predetermined size obtained by crushing. The artificial stone is transported (S58), cured in a curing yard (S59), transported for the formation of fishing reefs, algae reefs, etc. and put into water (S60) (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3). ..

特開2012-12287号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-12287 特開2012-148948号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-148948

田中裕一・山田耕一・佐々木勝則・永守学・赤司有三・藤井郁男「浚渫土固化体の製造と海域投入」土木学会第67回年次学術講演会講演集，VI-325〜326，2012（http://library.jsce.or.jp/jsce/open/00035/2012/67-06/67-06-0325.pdf）Yuichi Tanaka, Koichi Yamada, Katsunori Sasaki, Manabu Nagamori, Yuzo Akashi, Ikuo Fujii "Manufacturing of Dredged Solidified Body and Input to Sea Area" Proceedings of the 67th Annual Scientific Lecture Meeting of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, VI-325-326, 2012 (http) //library.jsce.or.jp/jsce/open/00035/2012/67-06/67-06-0325.pdf) 出路康夫・谷敷多穂・本田秀樹・高橋克則「浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造技術」土木学会第66回年次学術講演会講演集，V-1187-1188，2011（http://library.jsce.or.jp/jsce/open/00035/2011/66-05/66-05-0594.pdf）Yasuo Deji, Taho Tanishiki, Hideki Honda, Katsunori Takahashi "Technology for Manufacturing Artificial Stone Using Dredged Soil" Proceedings of the 66th Annual Scientific Lecture Meeting of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, V-1187-1188, 2011 (http: // library.jsce.or.jp/jsce/open/00035/2011/66-05/66-05-0594.pdf) 辻匠・ 田中裕一・中川雅夫・野中宗一郎・長尾喬平・赤司有三・木曽 英滋・田崎智晶「浚渫土人工石の材料特性と製造技術」土木学会論文集B3(海洋開発)，Vol.71，No.2，pp.I_1173-I_1178，2015（https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jscejoe/71/2/71_I_1173/_pdf）Takumi Tsuji, Yuichi Tanaka, Masao Nakagawa, Soichiro Nonaka, Kohei Nagao, Yuzo Akashi, Hideshige Kiso, Tomoaki Tazaki "Material Properties and Manufacturing Technology of Dredged Artificial Stone" JSCE Proceedings B3 (Ocean Development), Vol.71 , No.2, pp.I_1173-I_1178, 2015 (https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jscejoe/71/2/71_I_1173/_pdf)

従来の人工石の製造方法の各工程においては、混合材料の型枠内への打設・整形、破砕を誘導するための目地入れ、一定期間の型枠内での養生、養生後の破砕が必要であるため、作業工程が煩雑となり製造効率が低下するとともに、製造コストが高くなるという問題があった。 In each process of the conventional artificial stone manufacturing method, casting and shaping of the mixed material in the formwork, jointing to induce crushing, curing in the formwork for a certain period of time, and crushing after curing are performed. Since it is necessary, there is a problem that the work process becomes complicated, the manufacturing efficiency is lowered, and the manufacturing cost is high.

また、従来までは、浚渫土と製鋼スラグ・高炉スラグ微粉末等の混合物について、型枠内への打設時の施工性を確保するために、JIS A 1101に基づいて測定されるスランプが5cm以上となるように加水している（非特許文献１参照）。浚渫土を用いる人工石の目標圧縮強度は、一般に材令28日で9.8N/mm2以上（準硬石相当）と設定することが多いが、施工性確保のために加水してスランプを大きくすると強度低下の要因となり、目標圧縮強度を達成できなくなる。なお、土木用のコンクリートは、スランプ8〜12cmが一般的である。 In addition, until now, for a mixture of dredged soil and steelmaking slag, blast furnace slag fine powder, etc., the slump measured based on JIS A 1101 was 5 cm in order to ensure workability when placing it in the formwork. Water is added so as to be as described above (see Non-Patent Document 1). The target compressive strength of artificial stones using dredged soil is generally set to 9.8 N / mm 2 or more (equivalent to semi-hard stones) in 28 days, but water is added to increase the slump to ensure workability. Then, it becomes a factor of strength decrease, and the target compression strength cannot be achieved. The concrete for civil engineering is generally slump 8 to 12 cm.

本発明は、上述のような従来技術の問題に鑑み、作業工程を簡略化して製造効率を向上させ、また、所定の圧縮強度を得ることのできる浚渫土等の泥土を用いた人工石の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention simplifies the work process, improves the production efficiency, and produces an artificial stone using mud such as dredged soil, which can obtain a predetermined compressive strength. The purpose is to provide a method.

上記目的を達成するための人工石の製造方法は、泥土に少なくとも製鋼スラグと結合材とを混合する工程と、前記混合後の混合材料の型枠内への打設を省略し、前記混合材料を重機のバケットで掬い取る工程と、前記掬い取られた混合材料を所定期間養生する工程と、を含み、１回の前記掬い取りにより１個の人工石を得るようにして前記掬い取り工程を繰り返すことで多数の前記人工石を製造する。 The method for producing an artificial stone for achieving the above object omits the step of mixing at least the steelmaking slag and the binder in the mud and the casting of the mixed material after the mixing into the mold, and the mixed material. The scooping step includes a step of scooping the scooped stone with a bucket of a heavy machine and a step of curing the scooped mixed material for a predetermined period, so that one artificial stone can be obtained by one scooping. A large number of the artificial stones are produced by repeating the process.

この人工石の製造方法によれば、泥土に少なくとも製鋼スラグと結合材とを混合した混合材料を、型枠内に打設せずに、直接バケットで掬い取ることで人工石を得るので、作業工程を簡略化して製造効率を向上させることができる。 According to this artificial stone manufacturing method, an artificial stone is obtained by directly scooping a mixed material obtained by mixing at least steelmaking slag and a binder in mud with a bucket without placing it in a mold. The process can be simplified and the manufacturing efficiency can be improved.

上記人工石の製造方法において、前記混合材料のスランプが所定値を超えた場合、前記スランプが小さくなるように所定時間静置し、次に、前記掬い取りを行うことが好ましい。これにより、スランプが大きいため人工石の形状を維持できない場合でも、人工石の形状を維持できるようになる。このスランプの所定値は、5cmとすることが好ましい。なお、静置する所定時間は、最長で4時間が好ましい。なお、スランプは、JIS A 1101 2005に基づいて測定される値である。 In the method for producing an artificial stone, when the slump of the mixed material exceeds a predetermined value, it is preferable to allow the mixed material to stand for a predetermined time so that the slump becomes smaller, and then perform the scooping. As a result, even if the shape of the artificial stone cannot be maintained due to the large slump, the shape of the artificial stone can be maintained. The predetermined value of this slump is preferably 5 cm. The maximum predetermined time for standing still is 4 hours. The slump is a value measured based on JIS A 1101 2005.

また、前記混合工程の後に前記混合材料をさらに攪拌し、次に、前記掬い取りを行うことで、得られる人工石の強度増加を図ることができ、所定の圧縮強度を得ることができる。 Further, by further stirring the mixed material after the mixing step and then performing the scooping, the strength of the obtained artificial stone can be increased, and a predetermined compressive strength can be obtained.

また、前記バケットのサイズを変更することで、前記人工石の１個あたりのサイズを変更することができる。これにより、用途に応じたサイズの人工石を容易に提供できる。 Further, by changing the size of the bucket, the size of each artificial stone can be changed. As a result, it is possible to easily provide an artificial stone having a size suitable for the intended use.

また、前記泥土の含水比を測定し、前記混合工程の前に前記泥土の含水比を調整することが好ましい。 Further, it is preferable to measure the water content of the mud and adjust the water content of the mud before the mixing step.

また、前記結合材として高炉スラグ微粉末、高炉セメントおよびフライアッシュのうちの少なくとも１つを用いることが好ましい。 Further, it is preferable to use at least one of blast furnace slag fine powder, blast furnace cement and fly ash as the binder.

本発明によれば、作業工程を簡略化して製造効率を向上させ、また、所定の圧縮強度を得ることのできる浚渫土等の泥土を用いた人工石の製造方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for producing an artificial stone using mud such as dredged soil, which can simplify the work process, improve the production efficiency, and obtain a predetermined compressive strength.

本実施形態による浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造方法の各工程を説明するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for demonstrating each process of the manufacturing method of the artificial stone using the dredged soil by this embodiment. 図１の人工石の製造方法の工程Ｓ０５，Ｓ０６におけるバックホウによる混合材料の掬い取りおよび配置を概略的に示す図（ａ）（ｂ）である。It is a figure (a) (b) which shows roughly scooping and arrangement of the mixed material by the backhoe in the steps S05, S06 of the manufacturing method of the artificial stone of FIG. 別の実施形態による浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造方法の各工程を説明するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for demonstrating each process of the manufacturing method of the artificial stone using the dredged soil by another embodiment. さらに別の実施形態による浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造方法の各工程を説明するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for demonstrating each step of the manufacturing method of the artificial stone using the dredged soil by still another Embodiment. 混合材料Ｍ１，Ｍ２，Ｍ３のスランプが大、中、小の場合の混合材料の状態を概略的に示す図（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）である。It is a figure (a) (b) (c) which shows the state of the mixed material when the slump of the mixed material M1, M2, M3 is large, medium, and small. 実験例１，２の混合材料について、混合後の経過時間と測定したスランプとの関係を示すグラフである。6 is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time after mixing and the measured slump for the mixed materials of Experimental Examples 1 and 2. 実験例１，２の混合材料について混合後一定時間（１時間、２時間、３時間、４時間）静置した後に再攪拌した場合、および、混合後再攪拌しない場合の材令28日の各圧縮強度を示すグラフである。The mixed materials of Experimental Examples 1 and 2 were allowed to stand for a certain period of time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours) after mixing and then re-stirred, and after mixing and not re-stirred. It is a graph which shows the compression strength. 実験例３，４の混合材料について混合後一定時間（２時間、４時間）静置した後に再攪拌した場合、および、混合後再攪拌しない場合の材令28日の各圧縮強度を示すグラフである。The graph showing each compression strength on the 28th day of the material age when the mixed materials of Experimental Examples 3 and 4 were allowed to stand for a certain period of time (2 hours and 4 hours) after mixing and then re-stirred, and when the mixed materials were not re-stirred after mixing. is there. 浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造方法の従来例を説明するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for demonstrating the conventional example of the manufacturing method of artificial stone using dredged soil.

以下、本発明を実施するための形態について図面を用いて説明する。図１は本実施形態による浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造方法の各工程を説明するためのフローチャートである。図２は、図１の人工石の製造方法の工程Ｓ０５，Ｓ０６におけるバックホウによる混合材料の掬い取りおよび配置を概略的に示す図（ａ）（ｂ）である。 Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining each step of the method for producing an artificial stone using dredged soil according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram (a) and (b) schematically showing the scooping and arrangement of the mixed material by the backhoe in the steps S05 and S06 of the artificial stone manufacturing method of FIG.

図１を参照すると、まず、必要に応じて浚渫土の含水比を調整する（Ｓ０１）。すなわち、浚渫土の含水比を測定し、含水比を大きくする場合には加水処理をし、また、小さくする場合には放置し上水撤去処理等を行う。浚渫土の含水比は、事前に実施した配合試験の結果から、製鋼スラグや高炉スラグ微粉末等の材料の混合量と合せて人工石の目標圧縮強度が得られように決定することが好ましい。浚渫土の含水比は150％〜230％の範囲内が好ましいが、この範囲内であっても目標圧縮強度が得られるように含水比を調整することがある。 With reference to FIG. 1, first, the water content ratio of the dredged soil is adjusted as necessary (S01). That is, the water content ratio of the dredged soil is measured, and when the water content ratio is increased, water treatment is performed, and when the water content ratio is decreased, the water content is left to be removed. The water content of the dredged soil is preferably determined from the results of the compounding test conducted in advance so that the target compressive strength of the artificial stone can be obtained together with the mixing amount of materials such as steelmaking slag and blast furnace slag fine powder. The water content of the dredged soil is preferably in the range of 150% to 230%, but even within this range, the water content may be adjusted so that the target compressive strength can be obtained.

上述の浚渫土と製鋼スラグと高炉スラグ微粉末とを混合し、たとえば、攪拌回転羽根を有するミキサ等の攪拌装置により攪拌して均一に混合する（Ｓ０２）。この混合後の材料（混合材料）Ｍを図２（ａ）（ｂ）の仮置場Ｔに運搬し（Ｓ０３）、仮置する（Ｓ０４）。 The above-mentioned dredged soil, steelmaking slag, and blast furnace slag fine powder are mixed, and the mixture is uniformly mixed by stirring with a stirring device such as a mixer having a stirring rotary blade (S02). The mixed material (mixed material) M is transported to the temporary storage place T in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) (S03) and temporarily placed (S04).

次に、図２（ａ）のように、バックホウＢＨのバケットＢＫを操作することで仮置場Ｔから混合材料ＭをバケットＢＫで掬い取り、この掬いとった混合材料Ｍを、図２（ｂ）のように１個の人工石１０として、鉄板ＳＴが敷設された平坦な場所にお互いが接しないように並べて配置する（Ｓ０５）。このバケットＢＫによる混合材料Ｍの１回の掬い取りで１個の人工石１０を形成し、同様の掬い取り・配置工程を繰り返すことで多数の人工石１０，１０，・・・を得る。 Next, as shown in FIG. 2A, the mixed material M is scooped from the temporary storage place T by the bucket BK by operating the bucket BK of the backhoe BB, and the scooped mixed material M is obtained in FIG. 2B. As one artificial stone 10, they are arranged side by side on a flat place where the iron plate ST is laid so as not to touch each other (S05). One artificial stone 10 is formed by one scooping of the mixed material M by the bucket BK, and a large number of artificial stones 10, 10, ... Are obtained by repeating the same scooping and arranging steps.

次に、人工石１０を、養生ヤードで所定期間養生する（Ｓ０６）。次に、人工石１０を運搬し、所定の海域に漁礁や藻礁等の形成のために投入する（Ｓ０７）。なお、養生後の人工石は、圧縮強度が9.8N/mm2以上であり、JIS A 5003-1995に規定する準硬石に相当する。 Next, the artificial stone 10 is cured in the curing yard for a predetermined period (S06). Next, the artificial stone 10 is transported and thrown into a predetermined sea area for the formation of fishing reefs, algae reefs, and the like (S07). The artificial stone after curing has a compressive strength of 9.8 N / mm 2 or more, which corresponds to a semi-hard stone specified in JIS A 5003-1995.

図１の浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造方法によれば、混合材料ＭをバケットＢＫで掬い取ることで直接１個ずつ人工石を得ることができるので、図９の従来の製造方法で必要であった混合材料の型枠内への打設Ｓ５４、目地入れＳ５５、型枠内での養生Ｓ５６、破砕Ｓ５７の各工程を省略することができる。このように、作業工程を簡略化でき製造効率を向上できるので、効率的な人工石の製造が可能となる。 According to the method for producing artificial stones using the dredged soil shown in FIG. 1, artificial stones can be directly obtained one by one by scooping the mixed material M with a bucket BK, which is necessary for the conventional manufacturing method shown in FIG. Each step of placing the mixed material in the mold S54, jointing S55, curing in the mold S56, and crushing S57 can be omitted. In this way, the work process can be simplified and the production efficiency can be improved, so that the artificial stone can be efficiently produced.

また、混合材料の型枠内への打設や人工石の破砕が不要となるため、製造費のコストダウンを達成できる。また、破砕を行わないため、破砕時の屑が発生せず、その回収・活用（通常は再度、型枠内に投入）の作業工程を省略することができる。 In addition, since it is not necessary to place the mixed material in the formwork or crush the artificial stone, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost. Further, since crushing is not performed, waste is not generated at the time of crushing, and the work process of collecting and utilizing the waste (usually, putting it in the mold again) can be omitted.

また、混合材料の型枠内への打設が不要であるため、ミキサ等による混合材料の混合・攪拌が可能であれば、スランプが0cmを超え、5cm以下の混合材料の施工が可能である。このため、特許文献１のような高含水比180〜250％の従来例に比べて低含水比の浚渫土（含水比180％未満）を用いた場合でも人工石を作製することができる。 In addition, since it is not necessary to cast the mixed material into the mold, if the mixed material can be mixed and agitated with a mixer or the like, the mixed material with a slump of more than 0 cm and 5 cm or less can be installed. .. Therefore, an artificial stone can be produced even when dredged soil having a low water content (less than 180%) is used as compared with the conventional example having a high water content of 180 to 250% as in Patent Document 1.

次に、別の実施形態による浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造方法について説明する。図３は別の実施形態による浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造方法の各工程を説明するためのフローチャートである。 Next, a method for producing an artificial stone using dredged soil according to another embodiment will be described. FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining each step of the method for producing an artificial stone using dredged soil according to another embodiment.

図３の人工石の製造方法は、図１の各工程と比べて、浚渫土の含水比調整工程Ｓ１１、混合工程Ｓ１２、運搬工程Ｓ１３、掬い取り・配置工程Ｓ１５、養生工程Ｓ１６、運搬・投入工程Ｓ１７が図１の各工程Ｓ０１〜Ｓ０３、Ｓ０５〜Ｓ０７と同一であるが、運搬工程Ｓ１３と掬い取り・配置工程Ｓ１５との間の仮置・静置工程Ｓ１４において混合材料Ｍを図２（ａ）（ｂ）の仮置場Ｔ等で所定期間静置する点が相違する。 Compared with each step of FIG. 1, the method for producing the artificial stone of FIG. 3 is a water content ratio adjusting step S11 of the drowned soil, a mixing step S12, a transporting step S13, a scooping / arranging step S15, a curing step S16, and transporting / loading. Step S17 is the same as each of the steps S01 to S03 and S05 to S07 in FIG. 1, but in the temporary placement / standing step S14 between the transportation step S13 and the scooping / placing step S15, the mixed material M is shown in FIG. The difference is that a) and (b) are left to stand for a predetermined period at the temporary storage place T or the like.

図３では、仮置・静置工程Ｓ１４において、混合材料Ｍのスランプが所定値以上、たとえば、5cmを超えた場合、最長で4時間静置することで、混合材料Ｍのスランプを小さくしている。これにより、スランプが大きいため人工石の形状を維持できない場合でも、人工石の形状を維持可能となる。なお、スランプは、JIS A 1101 2005に基づいて測定される。 In FIG. 3, when the slump of the mixed material M exceeds a predetermined value, for example, 5 cm in the temporary placement / standing step S14, the slump of the mixed material M is reduced by allowing it to stand for a maximum of 4 hours. There is. As a result, even if the shape of the artificial stone cannot be maintained due to the large slump, the shape of the artificial stone can be maintained. The slump is measured based on JIS A 1101 2005.

次に、さらに別の実施形態による浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造方法について説明する。図４はさらに別の実施形態による浚渫土を用いた人工石の製造方法の各工程を説明するためのフローチャートである。 Next, a method for producing an artificial stone using dredged soil according to yet another embodiment will be described. FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining each step of the method for producing an artificial stone using dredged soil according to still another embodiment.

図４の人工石の製造方法は、図１の各工程と比べて、浚渫土の含水比調整工程Ｓ２１、混合工程Ｓ２２、運搬工程Ｓ２３、掬い取り・配置工程Ｓ２６、養生工程Ｓ２７、運搬・投入工程Ｓ２８が図１の各工程Ｓ０１〜Ｓ０３、Ｓ０５〜Ｓ０７と同一であるが、運搬工程Ｓ２３と掬い取り・配置工程Ｓ２６との間の仮置・静置工程Ｓ２４において、混合材料Ｍを図２（ａ）（ｂ）の仮置場Ｔで所定期間静置し、次に２次攪拌工程Ｓ２５において混合材料Ｍをミキサやバックホウ等でさらに攪拌する点が相違する。 Compared with each step of FIG. 1, the method for producing the artificial stone of FIG. 4 includes a water content ratio adjusting step S21, a mixing step S22, a transport step S23, a scooping / arranging step S26, a curing step S27, and transport / loading of the drowned soil. Step S28 is the same as the steps S01 to S03 and S05 to S07 of FIG. 1, but in the temporary placement / standing step S24 between the transportation step S23 and the scooping / placing step S26, the mixed material M is shown in FIG. (A) The difference is that the mixture is allowed to stand in the temporary storage place T of (b) for a predetermined period, and then the mixed material M is further stirred with a mixer, a back hoof, or the like in the secondary stirring step S25.

図４では、仮置・静置工程Ｓ２４において、混合材料Ｍのスランプが所定値以上、たとえば、5cmを超えた場合、最長で4時間静置することで、混合材料Ｍのスランプを小さくし、２次攪拌工程Ｓ２５で混合材料Ｍをさらに攪拌することで、得られる人工石の圧縮強度を増加させることができる。 In FIG. 4, in the temporary placement / standing step S24, when the slump of the mixed material M exceeds a predetermined value, for example, 5 cm, the slump of the mixed material M is reduced by allowing it to stand for a maximum of 4 hours. By further stirring the mixed material M in the secondary stirring step S25, the compressive strength of the obtained artificial stone can be increased.

図４のように、混合材料を一定時間静置した後に再攪拌した場合、圧縮強度の増加を期待することができ、より短期間で目標圧縮強度（材令28日で9.8N/mm2）に到達するため、早期に海域に投入して使用することが可能となる。 As shown in Fig. 4, when the mixed material is allowed to stand for a certain period of time and then re-stirred, an increase in compressive strength can be expected, and the target compressive strength can be expected in a shorter period of time (9.8 N / mm 2 at 28 days of age). Therefore, it is possible to put it in the sea area and use it at an early stage.

なお、図４の２次攪拌工程Ｓ２５を実行する場合、固化が進み過ぎないように混合工程Ｓ２２の後1〜4時間の静置（Ｓ２４）を目処にミキシングバケットを取り付けたバックホウ等を使用して攪拌することが好ましい。また、図４の２次攪拌工程Ｓ２５は、図１においてスランプが5cm以下の混合材料に適用してもよく、人工石の圧縮強度を増加させることができる。 When the secondary stirring step S25 of FIG. 4 is executed, a backhoe or the like with a mixing bucket attached is used for 1 to 4 hours of standing (S24) after the mixing step S22 so that the solidification does not proceed too much. It is preferable to stir. Further, the secondary stirring step S25 of FIG. 4 may be applied to a mixed material having a slump of 5 cm or less in FIG. 1, and the compressive strength of the artificial stone can be increased.

次に、図１，図３，図４の製造方法における混合材料のスランプについて図５を参照して説明する。図５は、混合材料Ｍ１，Ｍ２，Ｍ３のスランプが大、中、小の場合の混合材料の状態を概略的に示す図（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）である。 Next, the slump of the mixed material in the production methods of FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram (a), (b), (c) schematically showing a state of the mixed material when the slumps of the mixed materials M1, M2, and M3 are large, medium, and small.

図５（ａ）〜（ｃ）のように、混合材料Ｍ１〜Ｍ３は、スランプの大小に応じて、流動性、高さが変化し、材料Ｍ１のようにスランプが大きいと、流動性が大きく、その高さが低く、バケットの掬い取りによる人工石の製造が困難になる。このように、スランプが大きい場合には、図３のように、一定時間静置することによりスランプを小さくしてから、バックホウのバケットで掬い取ったものを１個の人工石として形成する。 As shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, the fluidity and height of the mixed materials M1 to M3 change according to the size of the slump, and when the slump is large as in the material M1, the fluidity is large. , Its low height makes it difficult to manufacture artificial stones by scooping buckets. As described above, when the slump is large, as shown in FIG. 3, the slump is made smaller by allowing it to stand for a certain period of time, and then scooped up with a backhoe bucket to form one artificial stone.

また、材料Ｍ３のように、スランプが小さい場合、流動性が小さく、その高さＨが高く、バケットの形状に近い人工石を作製できる。このように、バケットで掬い取って人工石を形成するため、スランプが小さい程、高さＨが大きい人工石を作製することができる。 Further, when the slump is small like the material M3, the fluidity is small, the height H is high, and an artificial stone close to the shape of the bucket can be produced. In this way, since the artificial stone is formed by scooping with a bucket, the smaller the slump, the larger the height H of the artificial stone can be produced.

混合材料のスランプや目標圧縮強度を考慮すると、図１の製造方法は、混合材料のスランプが0を越え、5cm以下の場合に適用して好ましく、図３の製造方法は、混合材料のスランプが5cmを超えた場合に適用して好ましく、図４の製造方法は、人工石の圧縮強度の増加を図る場合に適用して好ましい。このため、図１，図３，図４の混合工程Ｓ０２，Ｓ１２，Ｓ２２における材料混合後に混合材料のスランプをJIS A 1101 2005に基づいて測定することが好ましい。 Considering the slump of the mixed material and the target compression strength, the manufacturing method of FIG. 1 is preferably applied when the slump of the mixed material exceeds 0 and is 5 cm or less, and the manufacturing method of FIG. It is preferable to apply it when it exceeds 5 cm, and the production method of FIG. 4 is preferable when it is applied to increase the compressive strength of artificial stone. Therefore, it is preferable to measure the slump of the mixed material based on JIS A 1101 2005 after mixing the materials in the mixing steps S02, S12, and S22 of FIGS. 1, 3, and 4.

従来までは混合材料の型枠内への打設時の施工性確保のためスランプを5cm以上とするように混合材料に加水していたが、本実施形態によれば型枠内への打設を省略できるので、かかる加水処理は不要である。さらに、加水してスランプを大きくすると人工石の圧縮強度低下につながるが、かかる圧縮強度低下の問題も生じない。 In the past, water was added to the mixed material so that the slump was 5 cm or more in order to ensure workability when placing the mixed material in the mold, but according to this embodiment, it is placed in the mold. Can be omitted, so that such water treatment is unnecessary. Further, adding water to increase the slump leads to a decrease in the compressive strength of the artificial stone, but the problem of such a decrease in the compressive strength does not occur.

また、図２（ａ）（ｂ）のバックホウＢＨのバケットＢＫは、オペレータにより操作されることで、地盤等を掘削し土や砂等の掘削物を掬い取って移動させる等に使用されるものである。バケットＢＫにより混合材料Ｍを１回で掬い取る体積は、バケットＢＫの容量に依存し、ほぼ一定である。このため、得られる人工石１０の体積はほぼ一定である。バックホウＢＨのバケットＢＫの容量として、0.066m3、0.14m3、0.28m3、0.5m3程度のものを使用することができる。得られる人工石の比重を2.0とすると、１個の重量は、それぞれ132kg、280kg、560kg、1tonとなる。このように、混合材料を掬い取る際のバケットの容量を変更することにより人工石のサイズを変更できるので、用途に応じたサイズを有する人工石を製造することができる。 Further, the bucket BK of the backhoe BH shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B is used for excavating the ground or the like and scooping and moving excavated objects such as soil and sand by being operated by an operator. Is. The volume of the mixed material M scooped up by the bucket BK at one time depends on the capacity of the bucket BK and is almost constant. Therefore, the volume of the obtained artificial stone 10 is almost constant. As the capacity of the bucket BK backhoe BH, 0.066m 3, 0.14m 3, 0.28m 3, it can be used of about 0.5 m 3. Assuming that the specific gravity of the obtained artificial stone is 2.0, the weight of one stone is 132 kg, 280 kg, 560 kg, and 1 ton, respectively. In this way, the size of the artificial stone can be changed by changing the capacity of the bucket when scooping the mixed material, so that the artificial stone having a size suitable for the intended use can be manufactured.

また、図３，図４の仮置・静置工程Ｓ１４，Ｓ２４において、混合材料の静置時間は、事前に実施した配合試験により、スランプ・圧縮強度を確認して決定するが、混合後の仮置・静置時間が長いと、その分図２（ａ）（ｂ）の仮置場Ｔのようなストックヤードが必要となること、および、混合材料の固化によりバックホウで掬うこと自体が難しくなる可能性があることから、静置時間は最長で4時間とすることが好ましい。 Further, in the temporary placement / standing steps S14 and S24 of FIGS. 3 and 4, the standing time of the mixed material is determined by confirming the slump / compression strength by the compounding test conducted in advance, but after mixing. If the temporary storage / standing time is long, a stockyard like the temporary storage place T in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) is required, and it becomes difficult to scoop with a backhoe due to the solidification of the mixed material. Since there is a possibility, the maximum standing time is preferably 4 hours.

また、図１，図３，図４の養生工程Ｓ０６，Ｓ１６，Ｓ２７において、人工石を一定期間養生し、目標強度の達成を確認したもの、あるいは事前の配合試験結果から短期強度から長期強度を予測したものについて、通常の浚渫土を用いた人工石と同様に、海中に投入して漁礁や藻礁石、裏込石等として利用する。また、通常、混合後28日程度の養生期間を設けるが、より短い期間で上記目標圧縮強度に到達する場合には、養生期間を短く設定することができる。 Further, in the curing steps S06, S16, and S27 of FIGS. 1, 3, and 4, the artificial stone was cured for a certain period of time and the achievement of the target strength was confirmed, or the short-term strength to the long-term strength were determined from the results of the preliminary compounding test. The predicted stones will be thrown into the sea and used as fishing reefs, algae reef stones, backfill stones, etc., in the same way as artificial stones using ordinary dredged soil. In addition, a curing period of about 28 days is usually provided after mixing, but if the target compression strength is reached in a shorter period of time, the curing period can be set shorter.

なお、図１の混合工程Ｓ０２、図３の混合工程Ｓ１２、図４の混合工程Ｓ２２における浚渫土に混合する材料として、高炉スラグ微粉末の代わりに、または、高炉スラグ微粉末に追加して、高炉セメントおよび／またはフライアッシュを使用することができる。 As a material to be mixed with the dredged soil in the mixing step S02 of FIG. 1, the mixing step S12 of FIG. 3, and the mixing step S22 of FIG. 4, instead of the blast furnace slag fine powder or in addition to the blast furnace slag fine powder, Blast furnace cement and / or fly ash can be used.

また、製鋼スラグとしては、溶銑予備処理、転炉吹錬、鋳造などの工程で発生する製鋼系スラグ等を用いることができる。また、高炉スラグ微粉末としては、高炉水砕スラグを粉砕したものまたはこれに石膏を添加したもの等を用いることができる。 Further, as the steelmaking slag, steelmaking-based slag generated in processes such as hot metal pretreatment, converter blowing, and casting can be used. Further, as the blast furnace slag fine powder, blast furnace granulated slag crushed or gypsum added thereto can be used.

次に、本実施形態の製造工程により人工石を作製した実験例について説明する。
表１の配合例の実験例１のように含水比を150％に調整した浚渫土（液性限界84.3％）と製鋼スラグと高炉スラグ微粉末とを混合し攪拌することで混合材料を作製し、また、実験例２のように含水比を175％に調整した浚渫土（液性限界84.3％）と製鋼スラグと高炉スラグ微粉末とを混合し攪拌することで混合材料を作製した。さらに、実験例３，４のように、含水比を200％、230％に調整した浚渫土（液性限界85.6％）と製鋼スラグと高炉スラグ微粉末とを混合し攪拌することで混合材料を作製した。 Next, an experimental example in which an artificial stone is produced by the manufacturing process of the present embodiment will be described.
A mixed material was prepared by mixing and stirring dredged soil (liquid limit 84.3%) adjusted to a water content of 150%, steelmaking slag, and blast furnace slag fine powder as in Experimental Example 1 of the compounding example in Table 1. Further, a mixed material was prepared by mixing and stirring dredged soil (liquid limit 84.3%) whose water content was adjusted to 175%, steelmaking slag, and blast furnace slag fine powder as in Experimental Example 2. Further, as in Experimental Examples 3 and 4, the mixed material is prepared by mixing and stirring dredged soil (liquid limit 85.6%) whose water content is adjusted to 200% and 230%, steelmaking slag, and blast furnace slag fine powder. Made.

Figure 0006773580
Figure 0006773580

実験例１，２の混合材料について、混合後の経過時間と測定したスランプとの関係を図６に示す。図６からわかるように、実験例１，２の混合材料のいずれも混合終了後から時間の経過とともにスランプが低下（流動性が低下）したが、含水比の小さい実験例１の方が、0〜6時間の経過時間の間ずっと、含水比の大きい実験例２よりもスランプが小さい状態を維持した。所定のサイズのバケットで掬い取って、バケットの形に近い形状の人工石を得ることができたが、スランプが大きい場合は、図５（ａ）のように、バケットの形状よりも平べったい形状となった。バケットによる掬い取り開始の時期を、スランプ5cm以下を目安とすると、実験例１の含水比150％の場合は静置なしまたは最長で1時間の静置が適していることがわかり、図１、図３または図４（圧縮強度を増加させる場合）による製造方法が適している。また、実験例２の含水比175％の場合は2〜3時間の静置が適していることがわかり、図３または図４（圧縮強度を増加させる場合）による製造方法が適している。 For the mixed materials of Experimental Examples 1 and 2, the relationship between the elapsed time after mixing and the measured slump is shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 6, in all of the mixed materials of Experimental Examples 1 and 2, the slump decreased (the fluidity decreased) with the passage of time after the completion of mixing, but Experimental Example 1 having a smaller water content was 0. Throughout the elapsed time of ~ 6 hours, the slump was kept smaller than that of Experimental Example 2 having a large water content. By scooping with a bucket of a predetermined size, an artificial stone with a shape close to the shape of the bucket could be obtained, but if the slump is large, it is flatter than the shape of the bucket as shown in Fig. 5 (a). It became the desired shape. As a guideline for the start of scooping with a bucket, when the water content ratio of Experimental Example 1 is 150%, it is found that no standing or standing for a maximum of 1 hour is suitable. The manufacturing method according to FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 (when increasing the compressive strength) is suitable. Further, when the water content ratio of Experimental Example 2 was 175%, it was found that standing for 2 to 3 hours was suitable, and the production method according to FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 (when increasing the compression strength) was suitable.

次に、実験例１，２の混合材料について混合後一定時間（１時間、２時間、３時間、４時間）静置した後に再攪拌した場合、および、混合後再攪拌しない場合の材令28日の各圧縮強度を図７に示す。また、実験例３，４の混合材料について混合後一定時間（２時間、４時間）静置した後に再攪拌した場合、および、混合後再攪拌しない場合の材令28日の各圧縮強度を図８に示す。 Next, the material ordinance 28 when the mixed materials of Experimental Examples 1 and 2 are left to stand for a certain period of time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours) after mixing and then re-stirred, and when the mixed materials are not re-stirred after mixing. Each day's compression strength is shown in FIG. In addition, the compression strengths of the mixed materials of Experimental Examples 3 and 4 on the 28th day of the material age when they were left to stand for a certain period of time (2 hours and 4 hours) after mixing and then re-stirred, and when they were not re-stirred after mixing, are shown. Shown in 8.

図７からわかるように、実験例１の含水比150％の場合、静置時間を1〜2時間として再攪拌すると圧縮強度が増加するが、3時間以降では圧縮強度が低下する。このため、圧縮強度の増加を目指す場合、再攪拌までの静置時間を1〜2時間とすることが好ましい。実験例２の含水比175％の場合は、再攪拌前の静置時間が長くなるほど（4時間まで）圧縮強度が増加するが、静置時間の長さは施工上の制約となるため、図４の仮置・静置工程Ｓ２４における静置時間を4時間とすることが好ましい。また、図８からわかるように、実験例３，４の含水比が200％、230％の場合、再攪拌前の静置時間が2時間で圧縮強度が増加し最大またはほぼ一定になるので、図４の仮置・静置工程Ｓ２４における静置時間を2時間とすることが好ましい。なお、静置時間が24時間を超えると、固化のため再攪拌不可となる。 As can be seen from FIG. 7, when the water content ratio of Experimental Example 1 is 150%, the compressive strength increases when the standing time is set to 1 to 2 hours and re-stirred, but the compressive strength decreases after 3 hours. Therefore, when aiming to increase the compressive strength, it is preferable that the standing time until re-stirring is 1 to 2 hours. In the case of the water content ratio of Experimental Example 2 of 175%, the compression strength increases as the standing time before re-stirring increases (up to 4 hours), but the length of the standing time becomes a construction constraint. It is preferable that the standing time in the temporary placement / standing step S24 of 4 is 4 hours. Further, as can be seen from FIG. 8, when the water content ratios of Experimental Examples 3 and 4 are 200% and 230%, the compressive strength increases and becomes maximum or almost constant after the standing time before re-stirring for 2 hours. It is preferable that the standing time in the temporary placement / standing step S24 of FIG. 4 is 2 hours. If the standing time exceeds 24 hours, re-stirring becomes impossible due to solidification.

以上のように本発明を実施するための形態について説明したが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想の範囲内で各種の変形が可能である。たとえば、本実施形態では、泥土として浚渫土を用いたが、本発明はこれに限定されず、たとえば、建設汚泥を用いてもよい。 Although the embodiments for carrying out the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. For example, in the present embodiment, dredged soil is used as the mud, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, construction sludge may be used.

また、本実施形態では、バックホウのバケットにより混合材料の掬い取りを行ったが、本発明はこれに限定されず、他の重機を用いてバケットを操作するようにしてもよい。 Further, in the present embodiment, the mixed material is scooped up by the backhoe bucket, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the bucket may be operated by using another heavy machine.

本発明の人工石の製造方法によれば、浚渫土等の泥土を用いた人工石製造において、従来の型枠を用いずに作業工程を簡略化して製造効率を向上させ、また、所定の強度を得ることができるので、人工石の製造コストを低減でき、浚渫土や製鋼スラグ等を有効利用できる。 According to the method for producing artificial stones of the present invention, in the production of artificial stones using mud such as dredged soil, the work process is simplified and the production efficiency is improved without using a conventional formwork, and a predetermined strength is obtained. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of artificial stone can be reduced, and dredged soil, steelmaking slag, etc. can be effectively used.

１０ 人工石
ＢＨ バックホウ
ＢＫ バケット
Ｍ 混合材料 10 Artificial stone BH backhoe BK bucket M mixed material

Claims (7)

泥土に少なくとも製鋼スラグと結合材とを混合する工程と、
前記混合後の混合材料の型枠内への打設を省略し、前記混合材料を重機のバケットで掬い取る工程と、
前記掬い取られた混合材料を所定期間養生する工程と、を含み、
１回の前記掬い取りにより１個の人工石を得るようにして前記掬い取り工程を繰り返すことで多数の前記人工石を製造する人工石の製造方法。 The process of mixing at least steelmaking slag and binder in the mud,
The step of scooping the mixed material with a bucket of a heavy machine by omitting the casting of the mixed material into the mold after the mixing, and
Including a step of curing the scooped mixed material for a predetermined period of time.
A method for producing an artificial stone, in which a large number of the artificial stones are produced by repeating the scooping step so as to obtain one artificial stone by one scooping. 前記混合材料のスランプが所定値を超えた場合、前記スランプが小さくなるように所定期間静置し、次に、前記掬い取りを行う請求項１に記載の人工石の製造方法。 The method for producing an artificial stone according to claim 1, wherein when the slump of the mixed material exceeds a predetermined value, the slump is allowed to stand for a predetermined period so that the slump becomes smaller, and then the scooping is performed. 前記スランプの所定値は5cmである請求項２に記載の人工石の製造方法。 The method for producing an artificial stone according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined value of the slump is 5 cm. 前記混合工程の後に前記混合材料をさらに攪拌し、次に、前記掬い取りを行う請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項に記載の人工石の製造方法。 The method for producing an artificial stone according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mixed material is further stirred after the mixing step, and then the scooping is performed. 前記バケットのサイズを変更することで、前記人工石の１個あたりのサイズを変更する請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項に記載の人工石の製造方法。 The method for producing an artificial stone according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the size of each artificial stone is changed by changing the size of the bucket. 前記泥土の含水比を測定し、前記混合工程の前に前記泥土の含水比を調整する請求項１乃至５のいずれか１項に記載の人工石の製造方法。 The method for producing an artificial stone according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water content of the mud is measured and the water content of the mud is adjusted before the mixing step. 前記結合材として高炉スラグ微粉末、高炉セメントおよびフライアッシュのうちの少なくとも１つを用いる請求項１乃至６のいずれか１項に記載の人工石の製造方法。 The method for producing an artificial stone according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of blast furnace slag fine powder, blast furnace cement and fly ash is used as the binder.
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