JP6769062B2 - Charging member, charging device, process cartridge, and image forming device - Google Patents

Charging member, charging device, process cartridge, and image forming device Download PDF

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JP6769062B2
JP6769062B2 JP2016057371A JP2016057371A JP6769062B2 JP 6769062 B2 JP6769062 B2 JP 6769062B2 JP 2016057371 A JP2016057371 A JP 2016057371A JP 2016057371 A JP2016057371 A JP 2016057371A JP 6769062 B2 JP6769062 B2 JP 6769062B2
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charging
less
outer peripheral
voltage
peripheral surface
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JP2017173442A (en
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三浦 宏之
宏之 三浦
幸介 成田
幸介 成田
林 義之
義之 林
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Fujifilm Business Innovation Corp
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Fuji Xerox Co Ltd
Fujifilm Business Innovation Corp
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Priority to JP2016057371A priority Critical patent/JP6769062B2/en
Priority to US15/215,633 priority patent/US9746792B1/en
Priority to US15/217,265 priority patent/US9753391B1/en
Priority to US15/218,264 priority patent/US9817328B2/en
Priority to CN201610805695.XA priority patent/CN107219737B/en
Priority to CN201610806276.8A priority patent/CN107219739B/en
Priority to CN201610805704.5A priority patent/CN107219738B/en
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Description

本発明は、帯電部材、帯電装置、プロセスカートリッジ、及び画像形成装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a charging member, a charging device, a process cartridge, and an image forming device.

特許文献1には、軸体とゴム弾性層と表層とを備え、ゴム弾性層が最大高さ12.4μm乃至28.3μmの凹凸を有し、表層が最大高さ1.5μm乃至7.9μmの凹凸を有する帯電部材が開示されている。 Patent Document 1 includes a shaft body, a rubber elastic layer, and a surface layer, the rubber elastic layer has irregularities having a maximum height of 12.4 μm to 28.3 μm, and the surface layer has a maximum height of 1.5 μm to 7.9 μm. A charged member having the unevenness of the above is disclosed.

特許文献2には、導電性基体と導電性弾性層と表層とを備え、表層が微粒子に由来する凹凸を有し、表層の十点表面粗さRzが10μm乃至20μmであり、凹凸の平均間隔Smが10μm乃至20μmである帯電部材が開示されている。 Patent Document 2 includes a conductive substrate, a conductive elastic layer, and a surface layer, the surface layer has irregularities derived from fine particles, the ten-point surface roughness Rz of the surface layer is 10 μm to 20 μm, and the average spacing between the irregularities is 10 μm to 20 μm. A charged member having an Sm of 10 μm to 20 μm is disclosed.

特許文献3には、芯金と導電性弾性体層と表面層とを備え、表面層の外周面粗さが、走査型白色干渉計により測定される面積10点平均粗さで1.5μm乃至8μmである帯電ローラが開示されている。 Patent Document 3 includes a core metal, a conductive elastic body layer, and a surface layer, and the outer peripheral surface roughness of the surface layer is 1.5 μm or more in an area 10-point average roughness measured by a scanning white interferometer. A charged roller having a thickness of 8 μm is disclosed.

特開2015−45788号公報JP-A-2015-45788 特開2012−118449号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-118449 特開2007−225995号公報JP-A-2007-225995

本発明は、帯電部材の外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅が3μmを超える場合に比べて、直流電圧のみが印加された帯電部材で感光体を接触帯電した際における微小色線の発生と、直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧が印加された帯電部材で感光体を接触帯電した際における白点の発生とを抑制する帯電部材を提供することを課題とする。 In the present invention, compared to the case where the half-value width of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve of the outer peripheral surface of the charging member exceeds 3 μm, the minute color line when the photoconductor is contact-charged by the charging member to which only the DC voltage is applied. It is an object of the present invention to provide a charging member that suppresses the generation of white spots when the photoconductor is contact-charged with a charging member to which a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage is applied.

前記課題を解決するための具体的手段には、下記の態様が含まれる。 Specific means for solving the above problems include the following aspects.

請求項1に係る発明は、
支持部材と、前記支持部材上に配置された導電性弾性層と、前記導電性弾性層上に配置された表面層とを有し、
周期0.1mm未満の凹凸と周期0.1mm以上の凹凸とが外周面全体に分布し、且つ下記(1)及び(2)の要件を満たし、
外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅が1μm以上3μm以下である、帯電部材。
(1)前記周期0.1mm未満の凹凸は、平均高さが0μm超4μm以下である。
(2)前記周期0.1mm以上の凹凸は、平均高さが5μm以上30μm以下である。
The invention according to claim 1 is
It has a support member, a conductive elastic layer arranged on the support member, and a surface layer arranged on the conductive elastic layer.
Unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm and unevenness with a period of 0.1 mm or more are distributed over the entire outer peripheral surface, and satisfy the following requirements (1) and (2).
A charged member having a full width at half maximum of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve of the outer peripheral surface of 1 μm or more and 3 μm or less.
(1) The unevenness having a period of less than 0.1 mm has an average height of more than 0 μm and 4 μm or less.
(2) The unevenness having a period of 0.1 mm or more has an average height of 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less.

請求項2に係る発明は、
前記表面層が酸化スズ粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の帯電部材。
The invention according to claim 2 is
The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer contains tin oxide particles.

請求項3に係る発明は、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の帯電部材を備え、前記帯電部材に直流電圧のみを印加し、接触帯電方式により電子写真感光体の表面を帯電させる帯電装置。
The invention according to claim 3 is
A charging device comprising the charging member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein only a DC voltage is applied to the charging member to charge the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member by a contact charging method.

請求項4に係る発明は、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の帯電部材を備え、前記帯電部材に直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧を印加し、接触帯電方式により電子写真感光体の表面を帯電させる帯電装置。
The invention according to claim 4 is
A charging device comprising the charging member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage is applied to the charging member to charge the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member by a contact charging method.

請求項5に係る発明は、
電子写真感光体と、請求項3又は請求項4に記載の帯電装置と、を備え、画像形成装置に着脱されるプロセスカートリッジ。
The invention according to claim 5 is
A process cartridge comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member and the charging device according to claim 3 or 4, which is attached to and detached from the image forming device.

請求項6に係る発明は、
電子写真感光体と、
請求項3又は請求項4に記載の帯電装置と、
帯電した前記電子写真感光体の表面に潜像を形成する潜像形成装置と、
前記電子写真感光体の表面に形成された潜像を、トナーを含む現像剤により現像して、前記電子写真感光体の表面にトナー像を形成する現像装置と、
前記電子写真感光体の表面に形成されたトナー像を記録媒体に転写する転写装置と、
を備える画像形成装置。
The invention according to claim 6 is
Electrophotographic photosensitive member and
The charging device according to claim 3 or 4.
A latent image forming device that forms a latent image on the surface of the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member,
A developing device that develops a latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with a developer containing toner to form a toner image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
A transfer device that transfers a toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member to a recording medium,
An image forming apparatus comprising.

請求項1又は2に係る発明によれば、帯電部材の外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅が3μmを超える場合に比べて、直流電圧のみが印加された帯電部材で感光体を接触帯電した際における微小色線の発生と、直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧が印加された帯電部材で感光体を接触帯電した際における白点の発生とを抑制する帯電部材が提供される。
請求項3に係る発明によれば、帯電部材の外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅が3μmを超える場合に比べて、微小色線の発生を抑制する帯電装置が提供される。
請求項4に係る発明によれば、帯電部材の外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅が3μmを超える場合に比べて、白点の発生を抑制する帯電装置が提供される。
請求項5又は6に係る発明によれば、帯電部材の外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅が3μmを超える場合に比べて、直流電圧のみが印加された帯電部材で感光体を接触帯電した際における微小色線の発生、又は、直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧が印加された帯電部材で感光体を接触帯電した際における白点の発生を抑制するプロセスカートリッジ又は画像形成装置が提供される。
According to the invention according to claim 1 or 2, the photoconductor is made of a charged member to which only a DC voltage is applied, as compared with a case where the half-value width of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve of the outer peripheral surface of the charged member exceeds 3 μm. Provided is a charging member that suppresses the generation of minute colored lines when contact-charged and the generation of white spots when the photoconductor is contact-charged with a charging member to which a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage is applied. ..
According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charging device that suppresses the generation of minute color lines as compared with the case where the half width of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve of the outer peripheral surface of the charging member exceeds 3 μm.
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charging device that suppresses the generation of white spots as compared with the case where the half width of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve of the outer peripheral surface of the charging member exceeds 3 μm.
According to the invention of claim 5 or 6, the photoconductor is made of a charged member to which only a DC voltage is applied, as compared with a case where the half-value width of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve of the outer peripheral surface of the charged member exceeds 3 μm. A process cartridge or image forming apparatus that suppresses the generation of minute colored lines when contact-charged, or the generation of white spots when the photoconductor is contact-charged with a charging member to which a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage is applied. Is provided.

本実施形態に係る帯電部材の一例を示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example of the charging member which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係る帯電部材の外周面に分布する凹凸の一例を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows an example of the unevenness distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the charging member which concerns on this embodiment. 「外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅」を求めるための近似曲線の一例である。This is an example of an approximate curve for obtaining the "half width of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve of the outer peripheral surface". 本実施形態に係る画像形成装置の一例を示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example of the image forming apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係る画像形成装置の一例を示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example of the image forming apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係る画像形成装置の一例を示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example of the image forming apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係るプロセスカートリッジの一例を示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example of the process cartridge which concerns on this embodiment.

以下に、発明の実施形態を説明する。これらの説明及び実施例は実施形態を例示するものであり、発明の範囲を制限するものではない。 Embodiments of the invention will be described below. These descriptions and examples exemplify embodiments and do not limit the scope of the invention.

本明細書において、「電子写真感光体」を単に「感光体」ともいう。 In the present specification, the "electrophotographic photosensitive member" is also simply referred to as a "photoreceptor".

本明細書において「微小色線」とは、ハーフトーン画像に出現する意図しない画像であって、記録媒体の搬送方向に直交する方向に伸びる、ミリメートルオーダーの長さの、線状の画像を指す。 As used herein, the term "microcolor line" refers to an unintended image that appears in a halftone image and is a linear image with a length on the order of millimeters that extends in a direction orthogonal to the transport direction of the recording medium. ..

<帯電部材>
本実施形態に係る帯電部材は、支持部材と、前記支持部材上に配置された導電性弾性層と、前記導電性弾性層上に配置された表面層とを有する。即ち、本実施形態に係る帯電部材は、支持部材上に、少なくとも導電性弾性層と表面層とを積層して有する。
<Charging member>
The charging member according to the present embodiment has a support member, a conductive elastic layer arranged on the support member, and a surface layer arranged on the conductive elastic layer. That is, the charging member according to the present embodiment has at least a conductive elastic layer and a surface layer laminated on the support member.

そして、本実施形態に係る帯電部材は、周期0.1mm未満の凹凸と周期0.1mm以上の凹凸とが外周面全体に分布し、且つ下記(1)及び(2)の要件を満たし、外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅が1μm以上3μm以下である。 Then, in the charging member according to the present embodiment, unevenness having a period of less than 0.1 mm and unevenness having a period of 0.1 mm or more are distributed over the entire outer peripheral surface, and the following requirements (1) and (2) are satisfied, and the outer peripheral surface is satisfied. The half-value width of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve of the surface is 1 μm or more and 3 μm or less.

(1)周期0.1mm未満の凹凸は、平均高さが0μm超4μm以下である。
(2)周期0.1mm以上の凹凸は、平均高さが5μm以上30μm以下である。
(1) The unevenness having a period of less than 0.1 mm has an average height of more than 0 μm and 4 μm or less.
(2) The unevenness having a period of 0.1 mm or more has an average height of 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less.

本実施形態に係る帯電部材の形状は、特に限定されない。本実施形態に係る帯電部材の形状としては、例えば、図1に例示したロール状、ベルト状等が挙げられる。 The shape of the charging member according to this embodiment is not particularly limited. Examples of the shape of the charging member according to the present embodiment include a roll shape and a belt shape illustrated in FIG.

以下、本実施形態に係る帯電部材の構成と、帯電部材の外周面の幾何学的諸量とを、図面を参照しながら説明する。 Hereinafter, the configuration of the charging member according to the present embodiment and the geometrical quantities of the outer peripheral surface of the charging member will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1は、本実施形態に係る帯電部材の一例を示している。図1に示す帯電部材208は、円筒状又は円柱状の棒状部材(シャフト)である支持部材30と、支持部材30の外周面に配置された導電性弾性層31と、導電性弾性層31の外周面に配置された表面層32と、を有する。 FIG. 1 shows an example of a charging member according to the present embodiment. The charging member 208 shown in FIG. 1 is a support member 30 which is a cylindrical or columnar rod-shaped member (shaft), a conductive elastic layer 31 arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the support member 30, and a conductive elastic layer 31. It has a surface layer 32 arranged on an outer peripheral surface.

図2Aは、本実施形態に係る帯電部材の外周面に分布する凹凸の一例を示す概略図である。図2Aは、帯電部材208の表面層32及び導電性弾性層31を、厚さ方向且つ支持部材30の軸方向に切断したときに現われる形状を示している。帯電部材208の外周面は、導電性弾性層31がなす起伏の上に表面層32が載った形状となっている。 FIG. 2A is a schematic view showing an example of unevenness distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the charging member according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2A shows a shape that appears when the surface layer 32 and the conductive elastic layer 31 of the charging member 208 are cut in the thickness direction and the axial direction of the support member 30. The outer peripheral surface of the charging member 208 has a shape in which the surface layer 32 is placed on the undulations formed by the conductive elastic layer 31.

本実施形態においては、帯電部材の外周面の表面性状を、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡を用いて測定する。測定条件は、帯電部材の回転方向(「X方向」とする。)に測定周期0.05μm、帯電部材の回転方向に直交する方向(「Y方向」とする。)に測定周期0.05μm、XY方向の測定範囲を少なくとも400μm×600μm、高さ方向(Z方向)の測定範囲を50μmとする。そして、帯電部材がロール状であればロールの曲率に応じた面補正と、異常値を除去するノイズ補正とを測定データに施し、その補正後の補正データから、帯電部材の外周面の幾何学的諸量を求める。詳細は[実施例]項に記載するとおりである。 In the present embodiment, the surface texture of the outer peripheral surface of the charging member is measured using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The measurement conditions are a measurement cycle of 0.05 μm in the rotation direction of the charging member (referred to as “X direction”) and a measurement cycle of 0.05 μm in the direction orthogonal to the rotation direction of the charging member (referred to as “Y direction”). The measurement range in the XY direction is at least 400 μm × 600 μm, and the measurement range in the height direction (Z direction) is 50 μm. Then, if the charged member has a roll shape, surface correction according to the curvature of the roll and noise correction for removing abnormal values are applied to the measurement data, and the geometry of the outer peripheral surface of the charged member is obtained from the corrected correction data. Find the appropriate amount. Details are as described in the [Example] section.

「外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅」は、前記補正データにおいて最も高さの低い測定点を基準(高さゼロ)とし、XY方向のすべての測定点の高さについてヒストグラムを作成し、該ヒストグラムを曲線に近似し、半値幅(半値全幅である。)を求める。図2Bは、半値幅を求めるための近似曲線の一例である。 The "half-value width of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve of the outer peripheral surface" is based on the measurement point with the lowest height in the correction data (height is zero), and a histogram is used for the heights of all the measurement points in the XY directions. Create, approximate the histogram to a curve, and obtain the half-price width (half-price full width). FIG. 2B is an example of an approximate curve for obtaining the half width.

「周期0.1mm未満の凹凸」の平均高さ、及び「周期0.1mm以上の凹凸」の平均高さは、前記補正データからY方向の断面曲線(即ち、測定周期0.05μmの高さをY方向に繋いだ曲線である。「Y方向断面曲線」という。)を描き、Y方向断面曲線を解析することで求める。凹凸の周期とは、隣り合った2個の凸部の頂点間の長さである。 The average height of "unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm" and the average height of "unevenness with a period of 0.1 mm or more" are the cross-sectional curves in the Y direction (that is, the height with a measurement period of 0.05 μm) from the correction data. Is a curve connected in the Y direction. It is called a “Y direction cross section curve”) and is obtained by analyzing the Y direction cross section curve. The period of unevenness is the length between the vertices of two adjacent convex portions.

「周期0.1mm未満の凹凸」の高さは、波長0.1mmをカットオフ値として長波長成分を除去して「粗さ曲線」を作成し求める。1個のY方向断面曲線から作成した1個の「粗さ曲線」にある全凸部の高さを測定する。ここで、1個の凸部の高さは、凸部の左右にある凹部のうちでより低い方の凹部表面から凸部の頂点までの高さである。そして、1個の「粗さ曲線」にある全凸部の高さを平均し、さらにX方向にすべての「粗さ曲線」を平均し、その平均値を「周期0.1mm未満の凹凸」の平均高さとする。 The height of the "unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm" is obtained by creating a "roughness curve" by removing long wavelength components with a wavelength of 0.1 mm as a cutoff value. The height of all convex portions on one "roughness curve" created from one Y-direction cross-sectional curve is measured. Here, the height of one convex portion is the height from the surface of the lower concave portion among the concave portions on the left and right sides of the convex portion to the apex of the convex portion. Then, the heights of all the convex portions on one "roughness curve" are averaged, and all the "roughness curves" are averaged in the X direction, and the average value is "unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm". The average height of.

「周期0.1mm以上の凹凸」の高さは、波長0.1mmをカットオフ値として短波長成分を除去して「うねり曲線」を作成し求める。1個のY方向断面曲線から作成した1個の「うねり曲線」にある全凸部の高さを測定する。ここで、1個の凸部の高さは、凸部の左右にある凹部のうちでより低い方の凹部表面から凸部の頂点までの高さである。そして、1個の「うねり曲線」にある全凸部の高さを平均し、さらにX方向にすべての「うねり曲線」を平均し、その平均値を「周期0.1mm以上の凹凸」の平均高さとする。 The height of the "unevenness with a period of 0.1 mm or more" is obtained by creating a "waviness curve" by removing short wavelength components with a wavelength of 0.1 mm as a cutoff value. The height of the fully convex portion in one "waviness curve" created from one Y-direction cross-sectional curve is measured. Here, the height of one convex portion is the height from the surface of the lower concave portion among the concave portions on the left and right sides of the convex portion to the apex of the convex portion. Then, the heights of all the convex parts on one "swell curve" are averaged, all the "swell curves" are averaged in the X direction, and the average value is the average of "unevenness with a period of 0.1 mm or more". The height.

本明細書において、「周期0.1mm未満の凹凸」を「粗さ成分」ともいい、「周期0.1mm以上の凹凸」を「うねり成分」ともいう。 In the present specification, "unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm" is also referred to as "roughness component", and "unevenness with a period of 0.1 mm or more" is also referred to as "waviness component".

画像形成装置には、帯電部材に直流電圧のみを印加する帯電方式と、帯電部材に直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧を印加する帯電方式とがある。直流電圧のみを帯電部材に印加し、接触帯電方式で感光体を帯電した場合、画像に意図しない微小色線が発生することがある。一方、直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧を帯電部材に印加し、接触帯電方式で感光体を帯電した場合、画像に意図しない白点が発生することがある。本実施形態の帯電部材は、両者を抑制する。その機序としては、下記が推測される。
以下、直流電圧のみが印加された帯電部材で感光体を接触帯電した際において発生する微小色線を、単に微小色線といい、直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧が印加された帯電部材で感光体を接触帯電した際において発生する白点を、単に白点という。
The image forming apparatus includes a charging method in which only a DC voltage is applied to a charging member and a charging method in which a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage is applied to the charging member. When only a DC voltage is applied to a charging member and the photoconductor is charged by a contact charging method, unintended minute color lines may be generated in the image. On the other hand, when a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage is applied to a charging member to charge the photoconductor by a contact charging method, unintended white spots may occur in the image. The charging member of the present embodiment suppresses both. The following is presumed as the mechanism.
Hereinafter, the minute color line generated when the photoconductor is contact-charged with a charging member to which only a DC voltage is applied is simply referred to as a minute color line, and is a charging member to which a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage is applied. The white spots generated when the photoconductor is contact-charged are simply called white spots.

微小色線の発生は、感光体と帯電部材との接触直後に生じる放電現象(ポスト放電)の放電頻度が少ないことに起因すると考えられる。直流電圧のみを印加する場合、直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳する場合に比べて、ポスト放電の放電頻度が少なく、帯電部材の外周面に十分に帯電されない領域が不規則に生じ、結果、微小色線が発生しやすいと考えられる。そして、帯電部材の使用を継続した際には、トナー等が帯電部材の外周面に蓄積するので、ポスト放電の放電頻度がより減少し、微小色線が顕在化すると考えられる。
一方、白点の発生は、直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳するが故に発生しやすい局所的な強い放電に起因すると考えられる。
微小色線の発生、白点の発生ともに、より高速で画像形成した場合、及び、より小粒径のトナーを用いて画像形成した場合に顕在化しやすい。
It is considered that the generation of minute color lines is caused by the low discharge frequency of the discharge phenomenon (post discharge) that occurs immediately after the contact between the photoconductor and the charging member. When only the DC voltage is applied, the discharge frequency of the post discharge is less than when the AC voltage is superimposed on the DC voltage, and the outer peripheral surface of the charging member is irregularly charged, resulting in a minute color. It is thought that lines are likely to occur. Then, when the use of the charging member is continued, toner or the like accumulates on the outer peripheral surface of the charging member, so that the discharge frequency of the post discharge is further reduced, and it is considered that minute color lines become apparent.
On the other hand, the occurrence of white spots is considered to be due to the strong local discharge that tends to occur because the AC voltage is superimposed on the DC voltage.
Both the generation of minute color lines and the generation of white spots are likely to become apparent when an image is formed at a higher speed and when an image is formed using a toner having a smaller particle size.

微小色線の発生を抑制するには、帯電部材の外周面に凹凸を分布させることにより、感光体と帯電部材との間における放電空間を増加させ、ポスト放電を促すことが有効である一方で、単に帯電部材の外周面に凹凸を分布させるのでは、効果的に微小色線の発生を抑制することは難しいし、局所的な強い放電の発生を抑制し、白点の発生を抑制することも難しい。 In order to suppress the generation of minute color lines, it is effective to increase the discharge space between the photoconductor and the charged member by distributing unevenness on the outer peripheral surface of the charged member and promote post-discharge. It is difficult to effectively suppress the generation of minute color lines by simply distributing the unevenness on the outer peripheral surface of the charging member, and it is possible to suppress the generation of strong local discharge and suppress the generation of white spots. Is also difficult.

本実施形態の帯電部材によれば、詳細な機序は必ずしも明らかではないが、帯電部材の外周面に「周期0.1mm未満の凹凸」(粗さ成分)と「周期0.1mm以上の凹凸」(うねり成分)とが、それぞれ平均高さ0μm超4μm以下と5μm以上30μm以下とで分布していることで、両者のかけ合わせにより、直流電圧のみが印加される際においてポスト放電を促し、直流電圧に交流電圧が重畳される際において局所的な強い放電の発生を抑制し、また、トナー等が外周面に付着しにくく、結果、微小色線の発生と白点の発生とを抑制すると考えられる。
粗さ成分の平均高さは、0μm超4μm以下であり、より好ましくは0.5μm以上3.5μm以下であり、更に好ましくは1.0μm以上3.0μm以下である。
うねり成分の平均高さは、5μm以上30μm以下であり、より好ましくは5μm以上20μm以下であり、更に好ましくは6μm以上10μm以下である。
According to the charging member of the present embodiment, the detailed mechanism is not always clear, but the outer peripheral surface of the charging member has "unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm" (roughness component) and "unevenness with a period of 0.1 mm or more". "(Waviness component) is distributed at an average height of more than 0 μm and 4 μm or less and 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less, respectively. By combining the two, post-discharge is promoted when only a DC voltage is applied. When the AC voltage is superimposed on the DC voltage, the generation of strong local discharge is suppressed, and the toner and the like are less likely to adhere to the outer peripheral surface. As a result, the generation of minute color lines and the generation of white spots are suppressed. Conceivable.
The average height of the roughness component is more than 0 μm and 4 μm or less, more preferably 0.5 μm or more and 3.5 μm or less, and further preferably 1.0 μm or more and 3.0 μm or less.
The average height of the swell component is 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less, more preferably 5 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and further preferably 6 μm or more and 10 μm or less.

本実施形態において、「外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅」は、1μm以上3μm以下である。半値幅が3μmを超えることは、外周面の凹凸の高さにバラつきがあることを意味し、この場合、微小色線、白点ともに抑制が困難である。半値幅は、外周面の凹凸の高さにバラつきが少ない観点からは、狭いほど望ましいとも考えられるが、半値幅を1μm未満に抑えようとすると、外周面に分布させる凹凸の高さを控えることになり、外周面が平坦に近づき、微小色線及び白点の抑制が困難になる。また、量産に適した押出成形で導電性弾性層を製造しつつ、半値幅を1μm未満にすることは難しい。 In the present embodiment, the "half width of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve of the outer peripheral surface" is 1 μm or more and 3 μm or less. When the full width at half maximum exceeds 3 μm, it means that the height of the unevenness on the outer peripheral surface varies, and in this case, it is difficult to suppress both the minute color lines and the white spots. The narrower the half-value width is, the more desirable it is from the viewpoint of less variation in the height of the unevenness on the outer peripheral surface. However, if the half-value width is to be suppressed to less than 1 μm, the height of the unevenness distributed on the outer peripheral surface should be avoided. As a result, the outer peripheral surface becomes flat, and it becomes difficult to suppress minute color lines and white spots. Further, it is difficult to reduce the half width to less than 1 μm while producing a conductive elastic layer by extrusion molding suitable for mass production.

帯電部材の外周面に分布する「周期0.1mm未満の凹凸」(粗さ成分)の平均周期は、2μm以上が好ましく、3μm以上がより好ましく、5μm以上が更に好ましく、50μm以下が好ましく、20μm以下がより好ましく、15μm以下が更に好ましい。 The average period of "unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm" (roughness component) distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the charged member is preferably 2 μm or more, more preferably 3 μm or more, further preferably 5 μm or more, preferably 50 μm or less, and preferably 20 μm. The following is more preferable, and 15 μm or less is further preferable.

帯電部材の外周面に分布する「周期0.1mm以上の凹凸」(うねり成分)の平均周期は、0.15mm以上が好ましく、0.20mm以上がより好ましく、0.25mm以上が更に好ましく、0.45mm以下が好ましく、0.35mm以下がより好ましく、0.30mm以下が更に好ましい。 The average period of "unevenness with a period of 0.1 mm or more" (waviness component) distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the charging member is preferably 0.15 mm or more, more preferably 0.20 mm or more, further preferably 0.25 mm or more, and 0. .45 mm or less is preferable, 0.35 mm or less is more preferable, and 0.30 mm or less is further preferable.

帯電部材の外周面に分布する粗さ成分及びうねり成分の高さ及び周期の制御方法は、後述する。 The method of controlling the height and period of the roughness component and the waviness component distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the charged member will be described later.

次に、本実施形態に係る帯電部材の各構成要素について説明する。 Next, each component of the charging member according to the present embodiment will be described.

[支持部材]
支持部材は、帯電部材の電極及び支持体として機能する導電性部材である。支持部材は、中空状の部材(筒状部材)であってもよいし、非中空状の部材であってもよい。
[Support member]
The support member is a conductive member that functions as an electrode and a support of the charging member. The support member may be a hollow member (cylindrical member) or a non-hollow member.

支持部材としては、鉄(快削鋼等)、銅、真鍮、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム、ニッケル等の金属の部材;クロム、ニッケル等で鍍金処理を施した鉄の部材;樹脂製又はセラミック製の部材の外周面にメッキ処理を施した部材;導電剤を含有する、樹脂製又はセラミック製の部材;などが挙げられる。 Support members include metal members such as iron (free-cutting steel, etc.), copper, brass, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, etc .; iron members plated with chromium, nickel, etc.; resin or ceramic members. A member whose outer peripheral surface is plated; a member made of resin or ceramic containing a conductive agent; and the like.

[導電性弾性層]
導電性弾性層は、支持部材の外周面上に配置された層である。導電性弾性層は、支持部材の外周面上に直接配置されていてもよく、接着層を介して支持部材の外周面上に配置されていてもよい。
[Conductive elastic layer]
The conductive elastic layer is a layer arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the support member. The conductive elastic layer may be arranged directly on the outer peripheral surface of the support member, or may be arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the support member via the adhesive layer.

導電性弾性層は、単層でもよく、複数の層が積層した積層体でもよい。導電性弾性層は、導電性の発泡弾性層でもよく、導電性の非発泡弾性層でもよく、導電性の発泡弾性層と導電性の非発泡弾性層とが積層されていてもよい。 The conductive elastic layer may be a single layer or a laminated body in which a plurality of layers are laminated. The conductive elastic layer may be a conductive foamed elastic layer, a conductive non-foamed elastic layer, or a conductive foamed elastic layer and a conductive non-foamed elastic layer may be laminated.

導電性弾性層の一実施形態は、弾性材料と、導電剤と、その他添加剤とを含む。 One embodiment of the conductive elastic layer comprises an elastic material, a conductive agent, and other additives.

弾性材料としては、例えば、ポリウレタン、ニトリルゴム、イソプレンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、エチレン−プロピレンゴム、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンゴム、エピクロロヒドリンゴム、エピクロロヒドリン−エチレンオキシドゴム、エピクロロヒドリン−エチレンオキシド−アリルグリシジルエーテルゴム、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、塩素化ポリイソプレン、水素化ポリブタジエン、ブチルゴム、シリコーンゴム、フッ素ゴム、天然ゴム、及びこれらを混合した弾性材料が挙げられる。これらの弾性材料の中でも、ポリウレタン、シリコーンゴム、ニトリルゴム、エピクロロヒドリンゴム、エピクロロヒドリン−エチレンオキシドゴム、エピクロロヒドリン−エチレンオキシド−アリルグリシジルエーテルゴム、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンゴム、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエンゴム、及びこれらを混合した弾性材料が好ましい。 Examples of elastic materials include polyurethane, nitrile rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide rubber, and epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allyl. Examples thereof include glycidyl ether rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, chlorinated polyisoprene, hydride polybutadiene, butyl rubber, silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, natural rubber, and elastic materials mixed thereto. Among these elastic materials, polyurethane, silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide rubber, epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber , And an elastic material in which these are mixed is preferable.

導電剤としては、電子導電剤とイオン導電剤とが挙げられる。電子導電剤としては、ファーネスブラック、サーマルブラック、チャンネルブラック、ケッチェンブラック、アセチレンブラック、カラーブラック等のカーボンブラック;熱分解カーボン;グラファイト;アルミニウム、銅、ニッケル、ステンレス鋼等の各種金属又は合金;酸化スズ、酸化インジウム、酸化チタン、酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン固溶体、酸化スズ−酸化インジウム固溶体等の各種金属酸化物;絶縁物質の表面を導電化処理した物質;などの粉末が挙げられる。イオン導電剤としては、テトラエチルアンモニウム、ラウリルトリメチルアンモニウム、ベンジルトリアルキルアンモニウム等の過塩素酸塩又は塩素酸塩;リチウム、マグネシウム等のアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の過塩素酸塩又は塩素酸塩;などが挙げられる。導電剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。 Examples of the conductive agent include an electron conductive agent and an ionic conductive agent. Examples of the electronic conductive agent include carbon blacks such as furnace black, thermal black, channel black, ketjen black, acetylene black, and color black; pyrolysis carbon; graphite; various metals or alloys such as aluminum, copper, nickel, and stainless steel; Examples thereof include powders of various metal oxides such as tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide-antimony oxide solid solution, and tin oxide-indium oxide solid solution; a substance in which the surface of an insulating material is conductive-treated. Examples of the ionic conductive agent include perchlorates or chlorates such as tetraethylammonium, lauryltrimethylammonium and benzyltrialkylammonium; perchlorates or chlorates of alkali metals such as lithium and magnesium or alkaline earth metals; And so on. As the conductive agent, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.

導電性弾性層の体積抵抗率は、10Ωcm以上1014Ωcm以下が望ましい。導電性弾性層における電子導電剤の含有量は、弾性材料100質量部に対して、1質量部以上30質量部以下が好ましく、15質量部以上25質量部以下がより好ましい。導電性弾性層におけるイオン導電剤の含有量は、弾性材料100質量部に対して、0.1質量部以上5質量部以下が好ましく、0.5質量部以上3質量部以下がより好ましい。 The volume resistivity of the conductive elastic layer is desirably not more than 10 3 [Omega] cm or more 10 14 [Omega] cm. The content of the electronic conductive agent in the conductive elastic layer is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 15 parts by mass or more and 25 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastic material. The content of the ionic conductive agent in the conductive elastic layer is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 3 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastic material.

導電性弾性層に配合されるその他添加剤としては、例えば、軟化剤、可塑剤、硬化剤、加硫剤、加硫促進剤、加硫促進助剤、酸化防止剤、界面活性剤、カップリング剤、充填剤等が挙げられる。 Other additives to be added to the conductive elastic layer include, for example, softeners, plasticizers, curing agents, vulcanization agents, vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization accelerator aids, antioxidants, surfactants, and couplings. Agents, fillers and the like can be mentioned.

加硫促進剤としては、チアゾール系、チウラム系、スルフェンアミド系、チオウレア系、ジチオカルバミン酸塩系、グアニジン系、アルデヒド−アンモニア系等が挙げられる。加硫促進剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
導電性弾性層における加硫促進剤の含有量は、弾性材料100質量部に対して、1質量部以上10質量部以下が好ましく、2質量部以上6質量部以下がより好ましい。
Examples of the vulcanization accelerator include thiazole-based, thiuram-based, sulfenamide-based, thiourea-based, dithiocarbamate-based, guanidine-based, aldehyde-ammonia-based, and the like. As the vulcanization accelerator, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
The content of the vulcanization accelerator in the conductive elastic layer is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 2 parts by mass or more and 6 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastic material.

加硫促進助剤としては、酸化亜鉛、ステアリン酸等が挙げられる。加硫促進助剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
導電性弾性層における加硫促進助剤の含有量は、弾性材料100質量部に対して、1質量部以上15質量部以下が好ましく、3質量部以上10質量部以下がより好ましい。
Examples of the vulcanization accelerating aid include zinc oxide and stearic acid. As the vulcanization accelerating aid, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
The content of the vulcanization accelerating aid in the conductive elastic layer is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 15 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 3 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastic material.

導電性弾性層に含まれる充填剤としては、炭酸カルシウム、シリカ、粘土鉱物等が挙げられる。充填剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
導電性弾性層における充填剤の含有量は、弾性材料100質量部に対して、5質量部以上100質量部以下が好ましく、10質量部以上60質量部以下がより好ましい。
Examples of the filler contained in the conductive elastic layer include calcium carbonate, silica, clay minerals and the like. One type of filler may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
The content of the filler in the conductive elastic layer is preferably 5 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 10 parts by mass or more and 60 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastic material.

導電性弾性層に含まれる粒状物(カーボンブラック等の導電剤、酸化亜鉛等の加硫促進助剤、炭酸カルシウム等の充填剤など)は、大きくとも粒径10μm以下であることが好ましく、粒径2μm以下であることがより好ましく、小さくとも粒径20nm以上であることが好ましく、粒径50nm以上であることがより好ましい。導電性弾性層に含まれる粒状物の粒径は、導電性弾性層の断面を光学顕微鏡で観察して求める。 The particles (conductive agent such as carbon black, vulcanization accelerator such as zinc oxide, filler such as calcium carbonate, etc.) contained in the conductive elastic layer preferably have a particle size of 10 μm or less at the maximum. The diameter is more preferably 2 μm or less, the particle size is preferably 20 nm or more, and the particle size is more preferably 50 nm or more. The particle size of the particles contained in the conductive elastic layer is determined by observing the cross section of the conductive elastic layer with an optical microscope.

導電性弾性層の層厚は、1mm以上10mm以下が好ましく、2mm以上8mm以下がより好ましく、3mm以上6mm以下が更に好ましい。導電性弾性層の層厚は、回転方向に直交する方向に帯電部材を切断したときに現われる断面を光学顕微鏡にて観察し、任意に10点測定し平均した値である。 The thickness of the conductive elastic layer is preferably 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or more and 8 mm or less, and further preferably 3 mm or more and 6 mm or less. The layer thickness of the conductive elastic layer is a value obtained by observing a cross section appearing when the charged member is cut in a direction orthogonal to the rotation direction with an optical microscope, measuring 10 points arbitrarily, and averaging them.

導電性弾性層と支持部材との間に介在する接着層としては、樹脂層が挙げられ、具体的には、ポリオレフィン、アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウレタン、ニトリルゴム、塩素ゴム、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、ポリエステル、フェノール樹脂、シリコーン樹脂等の樹脂層が挙げられる。接着層は、導電剤(例えば、前述の電子導電剤又はイオン導電剤)を含有していてもよい。 Examples of the adhesive layer interposed between the conductive elastic layer and the support member include a resin layer, specifically, polyolefin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane, nitrile rubber, chlorine rubber, vinyl chloride resin, and acetic acid. Examples thereof include resin layers such as vinyl resin, polyester, phenol resin, and silicone resin. The adhesive layer may contain a conductive agent (for example, the above-mentioned electronic conductive agent or ionic conductive agent).

導電性弾性層を支持部材上に形成する方法としては、例えば、弾性材料、導電剤、その他添加剤を混合した導電性弾性層形成用組成物と、棒状の支持部材とを、共に押出成形機から押出して、支持部材の外周面上に導電性弾性層形成用組成物の層を形成し、次いで、導電性弾性層形成用組成物の層を加熱して架橋反応させ導電性弾性層とする方法;無端ベルト状の支持部材の外周面に、弾性材料、導電剤、その他添加剤を混合した導電性弾性層形成用組成物を押出成形機から押出して、支持部材の外周面上に導電性弾性層形成用組成物の層を形成し、次いで、導電性弾性層形成用組成物の層を加熱して架橋反応させ導電性弾性層とする方法;などが挙げられる。支持部材は、その外周面に接着層を有していてもよい。 As a method of forming the conductive elastic layer on the support member, for example, a composition for forming the conductive elastic layer in which an elastic material, a conductive agent, and other additives are mixed, and a rod-shaped support member are both extruded by an extrusion molding machine. A layer of the composition for forming a conductive elastic layer is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the support member, and then the layer of the composition for forming a conductive elastic layer is heated and subjected to a cross-linking reaction to form a conductive elastic layer. Method: A composition for forming a conductive elastic layer, which is a mixture of an elastic material, a conductive agent, and other additives, is extruded from an extrusion molding machine onto the outer peripheral surface of an endless belt-shaped support member, and is conductive on the outer peripheral surface of the support member. Examples thereof include a method in which a layer of the composition for forming an elastic layer is formed, and then the layer of the composition for forming a conductive elastic layer is heated and subjected to a cross-linking reaction to form a conductive elastic layer. The support member may have an adhesive layer on its outer peripheral surface.

帯電部材の外周面に分布する「周期0.1mm以上の凹凸」(うねり成分)は、主に導電性弾性層に由来する凹凸であることが望ましい。帯電部材の外周面にうねりがあっても、導電性弾性層に由来するうねりであれば、感光体との接触時にうねりが弾性を示し、感光体とのニップ形成及び感光体への従動性がよく、高速適性に優れている。 It is desirable that the "unevenness with a period of 0.1 mm or more" (waviness component) distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the charged member is an unevenness mainly derived from the conductive elastic layer. Even if there is a swell on the outer peripheral surface of the charging member, if the swell is derived from the conductive elastic layer, the swell exhibits elasticity when it comes into contact with the photoconductor, and the nip formation with the photoconductor and the responsiveness to the photoconductor are improved. Good, excellent in high speed suitability.

導電性弾性層の外周面における「周期0.1mm以上の凹凸」(うねり成分)の平均高さは5μm以上30μm以下であることが好ましい。また、導電性弾性層の外周面におけるうねり成分の平均周期は、帯電部材の外周面に分布する「周期0.1mm以上の凹凸」(うねり成分)の平均周期は、0.15mm以上が好ましく、0.20mm以上がより好ましく、0.25mm以上が更に好ましく、0.45mm以下が好ましく、0.35mm以下がより好ましく、0.30mm以下が更に好ましい。 The average height of "unevenness with a period of 0.1 mm or more" (waviness component) on the outer peripheral surface of the conductive elastic layer is preferably 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less. Further, the average period of the waviness component on the outer peripheral surface of the conductive elastic layer is preferably 0.15 mm or more as the average period of "unevenness with a period of 0.1 mm or more" (waviness component) distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the charging member. 0.20 mm or more is more preferable, 0.25 mm or more is further preferable, 0.45 mm or less is more preferable, 0.35 mm or less is more preferable, and 0.30 mm or less is further preferable.

導電性弾性層の外周面におけるうねり成分の高さ及び周期、並びに、帯電部材の外周面におけるうねり成分の高さ及び周期は、例えば下記(i)乃至(iii)により制御する。 The height and period of the swell component on the outer peripheral surface of the conductive elastic layer and the height and period of the swell component on the outer peripheral surface of the charging member are controlled by, for example, (i) to (iii) below.

(i)導電性弾性層形成用組成物に含まれる加硫促進剤又は加硫促進助剤の量:加硫促進剤又は加硫促進助剤の量が多いほど、うねり成分が大きくなる傾向がある。 (I) Amount of vulcanization accelerator or vulcanization accelerator contained in the composition for forming a conductive elastic layer: The larger the amount of the vulcanization accelerator or vulcanization accelerator, the larger the swell component tends to be. is there.

(ii)押出成形機から導電性弾性層形成用組成物を押し出す際のダイの温度:ダイの温度が高いほど、うねり成分が小さくなる傾向がある。ダイの温度は40℃乃至90℃の範囲が好ましい。 (Ii) Die temperature when extruding the composition for forming a conductive elastic layer from an extrusion molding machine: The higher the die temperature, the smaller the swell component tends to be. The die temperature is preferably in the range of 40 ° C to 90 ° C.

(iii)導電性弾性層形成用組成物を加熱して架橋反応させる際の加熱温度及び加熱時間:加熱温度が高いほど、うねり成分が小さくなる傾向がある。加熱時間が長いほど、うねり成分が小さくなる傾向がある。炉による加熱例としては、加熱温度は120℃乃至180℃の範囲が好ましく、加熱時間は20分間乃至90分間の範囲が好ましい。 (Iii) Heating temperature and heating time when the composition for forming a conductive elastic layer is heated for a cross-linking reaction: The higher the heating temperature, the smaller the swell component tends to be. The longer the heating time, the smaller the swell component tends to be. As an example of heating by a furnace, the heating temperature is preferably in the range of 120 ° C. to 180 ° C., and the heating time is preferably in the range of 20 minutes to 90 minutes.

[表面層]
表面層は、例えば、トナー等による帯電部材の汚染を抑制する目的で設けられる。
[Surface layer]
The surface layer is provided for the purpose of suppressing contamination of the charged member by, for example, toner or the like.

表面層の一実施形態は、結着樹脂と、粒子と、その他添加剤とを含む。表面層に含まれる粒子は、結着樹脂中に分散していることが望ましい。 One embodiment of the surface layer comprises a binder resin, particles and other additives. It is desirable that the particles contained in the surface layer are dispersed in the binder resin.

表面層の結着樹脂としては、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリエステル、ポリエチレン、ポリウレタン、フェノール樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、4フッ化エチレン共重合体、ポリビニルブチラール、エチレン−テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体、フッ素ゴム、ポリカーボネート、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリ塩化ビニル、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体、セルロース等が挙げられる。結着樹脂は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。 As the binder resin of the surface layer, polyamide, polyimide, polyester, polyethylene, polyurethane, phenol resin, silicone resin, acrylic resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, polyvinylidene chloride, tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene -Tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, fluororubber, polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, cellulose and the like can be mentioned. As the binder resin, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.

表面層に含まれる粒子としては、導電剤が挙げられる。表面層に含まれる導電剤としては、平均粒径3μm以下かつ体積抵抗率10Ωcm以下の導電性粒子が望ましい。導電性粒子としては、酸化スズ、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛等の金属酸化物;カーボンブラック;等が挙げられる。導電性粒子としては、微小色線の発生を抑制する観点から、酸化スズが好ましく、酸化スズを単独で用いること、又は、酸化スズとカーボンブラックとを併用することが好ましい。 Examples of the particles contained in the surface layer include conductive agents. As the conductive agent contained in the surface layer, the average particle diameter of 3μm or less and a volume resistivity of 10 9 [Omega] cm or less of the conductive particles is preferable. Examples of the conductive particles include metal oxides such as tin oxide, titanium oxide and zinc oxide; carbon black; and the like. As the conductive particles, tin oxide is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of fine color lines, and it is preferable to use tin oxide alone or to use tin oxide and carbon black in combination.

表面層における導電剤の含有量は、結着樹脂100質量部に対して、10質量部以上90質量部以下が好ましく、40質量部以上70質量部以下がより好ましい。 The content of the conductive agent in the surface layer is preferably 10 parts by mass or more and 90 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 40 parts by mass or more and 70 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

表面層は、帯電部材の表面形状を制御する目的で、導電剤以外の粒子を含んでいてもよい。該粒子としては、ポリアミド粒子、フッ素樹脂粒子、シリコーン樹脂粒子等が挙げられ、微小色線の発生を抑制する観点から、ポリアミド粒子が好ましい。これら粒子は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
表面層における上記粒子の含有量は、結着樹脂100質量部に対して、1質量部以上20質量部以下が好ましく、2質量部以上10質量部以下がより好ましい。
The surface layer may contain particles other than the conductive agent for the purpose of controlling the surface shape of the charged member. Examples of the particles include polyamide particles, fluororesin particles, silicone resin particles, and the like, and polyamide particles are preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of fine color lines. These particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The content of the particles in the surface layer is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 2 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

表面層に含まれる粒状物(導電剤、ポリアミド粒子など)は、大きくとも粒径10μm以下であることが好ましく、粒径7μm以下であることがより好ましく、小さくとも粒径1μm以上であることが好ましく、粒径3μm以上であることがより好ましい。表面層に含まれる粒状物の粒径は、表面層の断面を光学顕微鏡で観察して求める。 The particles (conductive agent, polyamide particles, etc.) contained in the surface layer preferably have a particle size of 10 μm or less at the maximum, more preferably 7 μm or less, and a particle size of 1 μm or more at the minimum. It is preferable that the particle size is 3 μm or more. The particle size of the granules contained in the surface layer is determined by observing the cross section of the surface layer with an optical microscope.

表面層を導電性弾性層上に形成する方法としては、例えば、結着樹脂、粒子、その他添加剤を混合した表面層形成用組成物を、導電性弾性層上に塗布して表面層形成用組成物の層を形成し、次いで、表面層形成用組成物の層を乾燥させる方法が挙げられる。表面層形成用組成物を導電性弾性層上に塗布する方法としては、例えば、浸漬塗布、ロール塗布、ブレード塗布、ワイヤーバー塗布、スプレー塗布、ビード塗布、エアーナイフ塗布、カーテン塗布等が挙げられる。 As a method of forming the surface layer on the conductive elastic layer, for example, a composition for forming a surface layer in which a binder resin, particles, and other additives are mixed is applied onto the conductive elastic layer for forming the surface layer. Examples thereof include a method of forming a layer of the composition and then drying the layer of the composition for forming a surface layer. Examples of the method of applying the surface layer forming composition on the conductive elastic layer include immersion coating, roll coating, blade coating, wire bar coating, spray coating, bead coating, air knife coating, curtain coating and the like. ..

表面層の層厚は、3μm以上20μm以下が好ましく、5μm以上15μm以下がより好ましい。表面層の層厚は、回転方向に直交する方向に帯電部材を切断したときに現われる断面を光学顕微鏡にて観察し、任意に100点測定し平均した値である。 The layer thickness of the surface layer is preferably 3 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and more preferably 5 μm or more and 15 μm or less. The layer thickness of the surface layer is an average value obtained by observing the cross section appearing when the charged member is cut in the direction orthogonal to the rotation direction with an optical microscope, and arbitrarily measuring 100 points.

帯電部材の外周面に分布する「周期0.1mm未満の凹凸」(粗さ成分)は、表面層に由来する凹凸であることが望ましい。導電性弾性層に「周期0.1mm未満の凹凸」を形成して帯電部材の外周面に粗さ成分を分布させるよりも、表面層に「周期0.1mm未満の凹凸」を形成して帯電部材の外周面に粗さ成分を分布させる方が、より均一性の高い粗さ成分を分布させることができる。 It is desirable that the "unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm" (roughness component) distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the charged member is an unevenness derived from the surface layer. Rather than forming "unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm" on the conductive elastic layer and distributing the roughness component on the outer peripheral surface of the charging member, it is charged by forming "unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm" on the surface layer. It is possible to distribute the roughness component with higher uniformity by distributing the roughness component on the outer peripheral surface of the member.

表面層の外周面における「周期0.1mm未満の凹凸」(粗さ成分)の平均高さは0μm超4μm以下であることが好ましい。また、表面層の外周面における粗さ成分の平均周期は、2μm以上が好ましく、3μm以上がより好ましく、5μm以上が更に好ましく、50μm以下が好ましく、20μm以下がより好ましく、15μm以下が更に好ましい。 The average height of "unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm" (roughness component) on the outer peripheral surface of the surface layer is preferably more than 0 μm and 4 μm or less. The average period of the roughness component on the outer peripheral surface of the surface layer is preferably 2 μm or more, more preferably 3 μm or more, further preferably 5 μm or more, preferably 50 μm or less, more preferably 20 μm or less, still more preferably 15 μm or less.

表面層の外周面における粗さ成分の高さ及び周期、並びに、帯電部材の外周面における粗さ成分の高さ及び周期は、例えば、表面層形成用組成物に含まれる粒状物の粒径及び量により制御する。表面層形成用組成物に含まれる粒状物、又は該粒状物の凝集物によって、表面層表面に凹凸を形成させることが望ましい。 The height and period of the roughness component on the outer peripheral surface of the surface layer and the height and period of the roughness component on the outer peripheral surface of the charged member are, for example, the particle size and the particle size of the granules contained in the composition for forming the surface layer. Control by quantity. It is desirable to form irregularities on the surface of the surface layer by the granules contained in the composition for forming the surface layer or the aggregates of the granules.

<帯電装置、画像形成装置、プロセスカートリッジ>
本実施形態に係る帯電装置は、本実施形態に係る帯電部材を備え、接触帯電方式により感光体の表面を帯電させる帯電装置である。本実施形態に係る帯電装置は、帯電部材に直流電圧のみを印加する帯電装置、又は、帯電部材に直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧を印加する帯電装置である。
<Charging device, image forming device, process cartridge>
The charging device according to the present embodiment is a charging device including the charging member according to the present embodiment and charging the surface of the photoconductor by a contact charging method. The charging device according to the present embodiment is a charging device that applies only a DC voltage to the charging member, or a charging device that applies a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage on the charging member.

本実施形態に係る画像形成装置は、感光体と、本実施形態に係る帯電装置と、帯電した感光体の表面に潜像を形成する潜像形成装置と、感光体の表面に形成された潜像を、トナーを含む現像剤により現像して、感光体の表面にトナー像を形成する現像装置と、感光体の表面に形成されたトナー像を記録媒体に転写する転写装置と、を備える。本実施形態に係る画像形成装置は、トナー像を記録媒体に定着させる定着装置;トナー像の転写後、帯電前の感光体の表面をクリーニングするクリーニング装置;トナー像の転写後、帯電前に感光体の表面に光を照射して除電する除電装置;から選ばれる少なくとも1つをさらに備えていてもよい。 The image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a photoconductor, a charging device according to the present embodiment, a latent image forming device that forms a latent image on the surface of the charged photoconductor, and a latent image formed on the surface of the photoconductor. The present invention includes a developing device that develops an image with a developer containing toner to form a toner image on the surface of the photoconductor, and a transfer device that transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the photoconductor to a recording medium. The image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment is a fixing device for fixing a toner image on a recording medium; a cleaning device for cleaning the surface of a photoconductor after transfer of a toner image and before charging; photosensitization after transfer of a toner image and before charging. It may further be equipped with at least one selected from a static elimination device that irradiates the surface of the body with light to eliminate static electricity.

本実施形態に係る画像形成装置は、感光体の表面に形成されたトナー像を記録媒体に直接転写する直接転写方式の装置、及び、感光体の表面に形成されたトナー像を中間転写体の表面に一次転写し、中間転写体の表面に転写されたトナー像を記録媒体の表面に二次転写する中間転写方式の装置、のいずれでもよい。 The image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment is a direct transfer type apparatus that directly transfers a toner image formed on the surface of the photoconductor to a recording medium, and an intermediate transfer device that transfers a toner image formed on the surface of the photoconductor. Any device of the intermediate transfer method, which is primarily transferred to the surface and the toner image transferred to the surface of the intermediate transfer body is secondarily transferred to the surface of the recording medium, may be used.

本実施形態に係るプロセスカートリッジは、画像形成装置に着脱されるカートリッジであり、少なくとも、感光体と、本実施形態に係る帯電装置と、を備える。本実施形態に係るプロセスカートリッジは、現像装置、感光体のクリーニング装置、感光体の除電装置、転写装置等から選択される少なくとも一つの装置をさらに備えていてもよい。 The process cartridge according to the present embodiment is a cartridge that is attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus, and includes at least a photoconductor and a charging device according to the present embodiment. The process cartridge according to the present embodiment may further include at least one device selected from a developing device, a photoconductor cleaning device, a photoconductor static elimination device, a transfer device, and the like.

以下、本実施形態に係る帯電装置、画像形成装置、及びプロセスカートリッジの構成を、図面を参照しながら説明する。 Hereinafter, the configurations of the charging device, the image forming device, and the process cartridge according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

図3は、本実施形態に係る画像形成装置の一例である、直接転写方式の画像形成装置を示す概略図である。図4は、本実施形態に係る画像形成装置の一例である、中間転写方式の画像形成装置を示す概略図である。 FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an image forming apparatus of a direct transfer method, which is an example of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an intermediate transfer type image forming apparatus, which is an example of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment.

図3に示す画像形成装置200は、感光体207と、感光体207表面を帯電させる帯電装置208と、帯電装置208に接続した電源209と、感光体207表面を露光して潜像を形成する露光装置206と、感光体207上の潜像を、トナーを含む現像剤により現像する現像装置211と、感光体207上のトナー像を記録媒体500に転写する転写装置212と、トナー像を記録媒体500に定着させる定着装置215と、感光体207上に残留したトナーを除去するクリーニング装置213と、感光体207表面を除電する除電装置214と、を備える。 The image forming apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 3 exposes the photoconductor 207, the charging device 208 for charging the surface of the photoconductor 207, the power supply 209 connected to the charging device 208, and the surface of the photoconductor 207 to form a latent image. The exposure device 206, the developing device 211 that develops the latent image on the photoconductor 207 with a developer containing toner, the transfer device 212 that transfers the toner image on the photoconductor 207 to the recording medium 500, and the toner image are recorded. A fixing device 215 for fixing to the medium 500, a cleaning device 213 for removing toner remaining on the photoconductor 207, and a static elimination device 214 for removing static electricity on the surface of the photoconductor 207 are provided.

図4に示す画像形成装置210は、感光体207と、帯電装置208と、電源209と、露光装置206と、現像装置211と、感光体207上のトナー像を記録媒体500に転写する1次転写部材212a及び2次転写部材212bと、定着装置215と、クリーニング装置213と、を備える。画像形成装置210は、画像形成装置200と同様に除電装置を備えていてもよい。 The image forming apparatus 210 shown in FIG. 4 is a primary transfer of a toner image on a photoconductor 207, a charging device 208, a power supply 209, an exposure device 206, a developing device 211, and a photoconductor 207 to a recording medium 500. The transfer member 212a and the secondary transfer member 212b, a fixing device 215, and a cleaning device 213 are provided. The image forming apparatus 210 may include a static elimination device like the image forming apparatus 200.

帯電装置208は、ロール状の帯電部材からなり、感光体207の表面に接触して、感光体207の表面を帯電させる、接触帯電方式の帯電装置である。帯電装置208には、電源209から、直流電圧のみが印加される、又は、直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧が印加される。 The charging device 208 is a contact charging type charging device composed of a roll-shaped charging member and in contact with the surface of the photoconductor 207 to charge the surface of the photoconductor 207. Only a DC voltage is applied to the charging device 208 from the power supply 209, or a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on the DC voltage is applied to the charging device 208.

露光装置206としては、半導体レーザー、LED(light emitting diode)等の光源を備える光学系装置が挙げられる。 Examples of the exposure apparatus 206 include an optical system apparatus including a light source such as a semiconductor laser and an LED (light emitting diode).

現像装置211は、トナーを感光体207に供給する装置である。現像装置211は、例えば、ロール状の現像剤保持体を感光体207に接触又は近接させて、感光体207上の潜像にトナーを付着させてトナー像を形成する。 The developing device 211 is a device that supplies toner to the photoconductor 207. The developing apparatus 211 forms, for example, a roll-shaped developer holder in contact with or close to the photoconductor 207 and adheres toner to the latent image on the photoconductor 207 to form a toner image.

転写装置212としては、例えば、コロナ放電発生器、記録媒体500を介して感光体207に押圧する導電性ロールが挙げられる。 Examples of the transfer device 212 include a conductive roll that presses against the photoconductor 207 via a corona discharge generator and a recording medium 500.

1次転写部材212aとしては、例えば、感光体207に接触して回転する導電性ロールが挙げられる。2次転写部材212bとしては、例えば、記録媒体500を介して1次転写部材212aに押圧する導電性ロールが挙げられる。 Examples of the primary transfer member 212a include a conductive roll that rotates in contact with the photoconductor 207. Examples of the secondary transfer member 212b include a conductive roll that presses against the primary transfer member 212a via the recording medium 500.

定着装置215としては、例えば、加熱ロールと、該加熱ロールに押圧する加圧ロールとを備える加熱定着装置が挙げられる。 Examples of the fixing device 215 include a heating fixing device including a heating roll and a pressure roll that presses against the heating roll.

クリーニング装置213としては、クリーニング部材として、ブレード、ブラシ、ロール等を備える装置が挙げられる。クリーニングブレードの材質としては、ウレタンゴム、ネオプレンゴム、シリコーンゴム等が挙げられる。 Examples of the cleaning device 213 include devices provided with blades, brushes, rolls, and the like as cleaning members. Examples of the material of the cleaning blade include urethane rubber, neoprene rubber, and silicone rubber.

除電装置214は、例えば、転写後の感光体207表面に光を照射して、感光体207の残留電位を除電する装置である。 The static elimination device 214 is, for example, a device that irradiates the surface of the photoconductor 207 after transfer with light to eliminate the residual potential of the photoconductor 207.

図5は、本実施形態に係る画像形成装置の一例である、4つの画像形成ユニットを並列配置したタンデム方式且つ中間転写方式の画像形成装置を示す概略図である。 FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an image forming apparatus of a tandem type and an intermediate transfer type in which four image forming units are arranged in parallel, which is an example of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment.

画像形成装置220は、ハウジング400内に、各色のトナーに対応する4つの画像形成ユニットと、レーザー光源を備える露光装置403と、中間転写ベルト409と、2次転写ロール413と、定着装置414と、クリーニングブレード416を有するクリーニング装置と、を備える。 The image forming apparatus 220 includes an exposure apparatus 403 including four image forming units corresponding to toners of each color, a laser light source, an intermediate transfer belt 409, a secondary transfer roll 413, and a fixing device 414 in a housing 400. , A cleaning device having a cleaning blade 416.

4つの画像形成ユニットは同じ構成を有するため、これらを代表して、感光体401aを含む画像形成ユニットの構成を説明する。
感光体401aの周囲には、感光体401aの回転方向に順に、帯電ロール402a、現像装置404a、1次転写ロール410a、クリーニングブレード415aが配置されている。1次転写ロール410aは、中間転写ベルト409を介して感光体401aに押圧している。現像装置404aには、トナーカートリッジ405aに収容されたトナーが供給される。
Since the four image forming units have the same configuration, the configuration of the image forming unit including the photoconductor 401a will be described as a representative.
A charging roll 402a, a developing device 404a, a primary transfer roll 410a, and a cleaning blade 415a are arranged around the photoconductor 401a in order of rotation of the photoconductor 401a. The primary transfer roll 410a presses against the photoconductor 401a via the intermediate transfer belt 409. The toner contained in the toner cartridge 405a is supplied to the developing device 404a.

帯電ロール402aは、感光体401aの表面に接触して、感光体401aの表面を帯電させる、接触帯電方式の帯電装置である。帯電ロール402aには、電源から、直流電圧のみが印加される、又は、直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧が印加される。 The charging roll 402a is a contact charging type charging device that comes into contact with the surface of the photoconductor 401a to charge the surface of the photoconductor 401a. Only a DC voltage is applied to the charging roll 402a from the power source, or a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on the DC voltage is applied.

中間転写ベルト409は、駆動ロール406、張架ロール407及び背面ロール408により張架されており、これらのロールの回転により走行する。 The intermediate transfer belt 409 is stretched by a drive roll 406, a tension roll 407, and a back roll 408, and travels by rotation of these rolls.

2次転写ロール413は、中間転写ベルト409を介して背面ロール408に押圧するように配置されている。 The secondary transfer roll 413 is arranged so as to press against the back roll 408 via the intermediate transfer belt 409.

定着装置414は、例えば、加熱ロールと加圧ロールとを備える加熱定着装置である。 The fixing device 414 is, for example, a heating fixing device including a heating roll and a pressure roll.

クリーニングブレード416は、中間転写ベルト409上に残留したトナーを除去する部材である。クリーニングブレード416は、背面ロール408の下流に配置されており、転写後の中間転写ベルト409上に残留したトナーを除去する。 The cleaning blade 416 is a member that removes the toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 409. The cleaning blade 416 is arranged downstream of the back roll 408 and removes the toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 409 after transfer.

ハウジング400内には、記録媒体500を収容するトレイ411が設けられている。トレイ411内の記録媒体500は、搬送ロール412により中間転写ベルト409と2次転写ロール413との接触部に搬送され、さらには定着装置414に搬送され、記録媒体500上に画像が形成される。画像形成後の記録媒体500は、ハウジング400の外部に排出される。 A tray 411 for accommodating the recording medium 500 is provided in the housing 400. The recording medium 500 in the tray 411 is conveyed to the contact portion between the intermediate transfer belt 409 and the secondary transfer roll 413 by the transfer roll 412, and further transferred to the fixing device 414 to form an image on the recording medium 500. .. The recording medium 500 after image formation is discharged to the outside of the housing 400.

図6は、本実施形態に係るプロセスカートリッジの一例を示す概略図である。図6に示すプロセスカートリッジ300は、例えば、露光装置、転写装置及び定着装置を備える画像形成装置本体に着脱される。 FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an example of the process cartridge according to the present embodiment. The process cartridge 300 shown in FIG. 6 is attached to and detached from, for example, an image forming apparatus main body including an exposure apparatus, a transfer apparatus, and a fixing apparatus.

プロセスカートリッジ300は、感光体207と、帯電装置208と、現像装置211と、クリーニング装置213とが、ハウジング301によって一体化されている。ハウジング301には、画像形成装置に着脱するための取り付けレール302と、露光のための開口部303と、除電露光のための開口部304とが設けられている。 In the process cartridge 300, the photoconductor 207, the charging device 208, the developing device 211, and the cleaning device 213 are integrated by the housing 301. The housing 301 is provided with a mounting rail 302 for attaching / detaching to / from the image forming apparatus, an opening 303 for exposure, and an opening 304 for static elimination exposure.

プロセスカートリッジ300が備える帯電装置208は、ロール状の帯電部材からなり、感光体207の表面に接触して、感光体207の表面を帯電させる、接触帯電方式の帯電装置である。プロセスカートリッジ300が画像形成装置に装着され画像形成を行う際に、帯電装置208には、電源から、直流電圧のみが印加される、又は、直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧が印加される。 The charging device 208 included in the process cartridge 300 is a contact charging type charging device composed of a roll-shaped charging member and in contact with the surface of the photoconductor 207 to charge the surface of the photoconductor 207. When the process cartridge 300 is mounted on the image forming apparatus to form an image, only a DC voltage is applied to the charging device 208, or a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on the DC voltage is applied to the charging device 208.

<現像剤、トナー>
本実施形態に係る画像形成装置に適用される現像剤は、特に限定されない。現像剤は、トナーのみを含む一成分現像剤でもよく、トナーとキャリアとを混合した二成分現像剤でもよい。
<Developer, toner>
The developer applied to the image forming apparatus according to this embodiment is not particularly limited. The developer may be a one-component developer containing only toner, or a two-component developer in which toner and carriers are mixed.

現像剤に含まれるトナーは、特に限定されない。トナーは、例えば、結着樹脂、着色剤、離型剤を含む。トナーの結着樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエステル、スチレン−アクリル樹脂が挙げられる。 The toner contained in the developer is not particularly limited. The toner includes, for example, a binder resin, a colorant, and a mold release agent. Examples of the toner binding resin include polyester and styrene-acrylic resin.

トナーは、外添剤が外添されていてもよい。トナーの外添剤としては、例えば、シリカ、チタニア、アルミナ等の無機微粒子が挙げられる。 The toner may be supplemented with an external additive. Examples of the toner external additive include inorganic fine particles such as silica, titania, and alumina.

トナーは、トナー粒子を製造し、そのトナー粒子に外添剤を外添して調製する。トナー粒子の製造方法としては、混練粉砕法、凝集合一法、懸濁重合法、溶解懸濁法などが挙げられる。トナー粒子は、単層構造のトナー粒子であってもよいし、芯部(コア粒子)と芯部を被覆する被覆層(シェル層)とで構成された所謂コア・シェル構造のトナー粒子であってもよい。 Toner is prepared by producing toner particles and externally adding an external additive to the toner particles. Examples of the method for producing the toner particles include a kneading and pulverizing method, an agglomeration and coalescence method, a suspension polymerization method, and a dissolution and suspension method. The toner particles may be toner particles having a single layer structure, or are toner particles having a so-called core-shell structure composed of a core portion (core particles) and a coating layer (shell layer) that covers the core portion. You may.

トナー粒子の体積平均粒径(D50v)は、2μm以上10μm以下が好ましく、4μm以上8μm以下がより好ましい。 The volume average particle size (D50v) of the toner particles is preferably 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and more preferably 4 μm or more and 8 μm or less.

二成分現像剤に含まれるキャリアは、特に限定されない。キャリアとしては、例えば、磁性粉からなる芯材の表面に樹脂を被覆した被覆キャリア;マトリックス樹脂中に磁性粉が分散して配合された磁性粉分散型キャリア;多孔質の磁性粉に樹脂を含浸させた樹脂含浸型キャリア;が挙げられる。 The carrier contained in the two-component developer is not particularly limited. As the carrier, for example, a coating carrier in which the surface of a core material made of magnetic powder is coated with a resin; a magnetic powder dispersion type carrier in which the magnetic powder is dispersed in a matrix resin; and a porous magnetic powder is impregnated with the resin. A resin-impregnated carrier;

二成分現像剤におけるトナーとキャリアとの混合比(質量比)は、トナー:キャリア=1:100乃至30:100が好ましく、3:100乃至20:100がより好ましい。 The mixing ratio (mass ratio) of the toner and the carrier in the two-component developer is preferably toner: carrier = 1: 100 to 30: 100, and more preferably 3: 100 to 20: 100.

以下、実施例により発明の実施形態を詳細に説明するが、発明の実施形態は、これら実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。以下の説明において、特に断りのない限り、「部」及び「%」は質量基準である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples, but the embodiments of the invention are not limited to these Examples. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, "parts" and "%" are based on mass.

<帯電ロールの作製>
[実施例1]
−導電性弾性層の形成−
無電解ニッケルメッキ後に6価クロム酸処理を施した、直径8mmのSUM23L製のシャフトの外周面に、接着剤(エピクロルヒドリン−エチレンオキシド−アリルグリシジルエーテル共重合ゴム)を塗布して厚さ5μmの接着層を形成した。下記の材料を2.5Lのニーダーで混練りして得た組成物を、接着層を有するシャフトと共に、クロスヘッドダイを備えた押出成形機(ダイ温度を90℃に設定)から押出して、シャフトの外周面上に前記組成物の層を形成し、次いで、空気加熱炉で、160℃で70分間加熱し、導電性弾性層ロール(平均直径12mm)を得た。
<Making a charged roll>
[Example 1]
-Formation of conductive elastic layer-
An adhesive (epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether copolymer rubber) is applied to the outer peripheral surface of a shaft made of SUM23L having a diameter of 8 mm and treated with hexavalent chromic acid after electroless nickel plating, and an adhesive layer having a thickness of 5 μm is applied. Was formed. The composition obtained by kneading the following materials with a 2.5 L kneader is extruded from an extrusion molding machine equipped with a crosshead die (die temperature is set to 90 ° C.) together with a shaft having an adhesive layer, and the shaft. A layer of the composition was formed on the outer peripheral surface of the above, and then heated at 160 ° C. for 70 minutes in an air heating furnace to obtain a conductive elastic layer roll (average diameter 12 mm).

・エピクロルヒドリン−エチレンオキシド−アリルグリシジルエーテル共重合ゴム(日本ゼオン社、Hydrin T3106) 100部
・カーボンブラック(三菱化学社、#3030B) 5部
・イオン導電剤(ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、ライオン・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ社、BTEAC) 1部
・加硫剤:4,4'−ジチオジモルホリン(大内新興化学工業社、バルノックR)1.5部
・加硫促進剤:ジ−2−ベンゾチアゾリルジスルフィド(大内新興化学工業社、ノクセラーDM−P) 1.5部
・加硫促進剤:テトラエチルチウラムジスルフィド(大内新興化学工業社、ノクセラーTET−G) 1.8部
・加硫促進助剤:酸化亜鉛(正同化学工業社) 3部
・加硫促進助剤:ステアリン酸 1部
・重質炭酸カルシウム 40部
・ Epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether vulcanized rubber (Nippon Zeon, Hydrin T3106) 100 parts ・ Carbon black (Mitsubishi Chemical, # 3030B) 5 parts ・ Ion conductive agent (benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, Lion Specialty Chemicals) , BTEAC) 1 part ・ Vulcanization agent: 4,4'-dithiodimorpholin (Ouchi Shinko Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Barnock R) 1.5 parts ・ Vulcanization accelerator: Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide (large) Uchishin Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Noxeller DM-P) 1.5 parts ・ Vulcanization accelerator: Tetraethyl thiuram disulfide (Ouchi Shinko Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Noxeller TET-G) 1.8 parts ・ Vulcanization accelerator: Zinc oxide (Shodo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 3 parts ・ Vulcanization accelerator: 1 part stearic acid ・ 40 parts heavy calcium carbonate

−表面層の形成−
下記の材料を混合し、ビーズミルにて分散処理して得た分散液を、メタノールで希釈し、導電性弾性層ロールの外周面に浸漬塗布し、次いで、160℃で30分間加熱し、平均層厚10μmの表面層を有する帯電ロールを得た。
-Formation of surface layer-
The following materials are mixed, and the dispersion obtained by dispersing with a bead mill is diluted with methanol, dipped and applied to the outer peripheral surface of the conductive elastic layer roll, and then heated at 160 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain an average layer. A charged roll having a surface layer having a thickness of 10 μm was obtained.

・N−メトキシメチル化ナイロン(ナガセケムテックス社、F30K) 100部
・ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(積水化学工業社、エスレックBL−1) 10部
・酸化スズ(三菱マテリアル社、S−2000、平均粒径15nm) 70部
・ポリアミド粒子(アルケマ社、Orgasol 2001 DNat1、平均粒径5μm) 3部
・触媒(楠本化成社、NACURE4167) 1部
・メタノール 700部
・ブタノール 200部
・ N-methoxymethylated nylon (Nagase Chemtex, F30K) 100 parts ・ Polypolybutanol resin (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., Eslek BL-1) 10 parts ・ Tin oxide (Mitsubishi Materials, S-2000, average particle size 15 nm) ) 70 parts ・ Polyamide particles (Alchema, Orgasol 2001 DNat1, average particle size 5 μm) 3 parts ・ Catalyst (Kusumoto Kasei, NACURE4167) 1 part ・ Methanol 700 parts ・ Butanol 200 parts

[実施例2〜実施例8]
導電性弾性層の形成条件および表面層形成用組成物の組成を表1に示すとおりに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして帯電ロールを得た。
[Examples 2 to 8]
A charged roll was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions for forming the conductive elastic layer and the composition of the composition for forming the surface layer were changed as shown in Table 1.

[実施例9]
導電性弾性層の形成において、平均直径15mmの導電性弾性層ロールを形成後に研磨により平均直径を12mmにし、表面層形成用組成物の組成を表1に示すとおりに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして帯電ロールを得た。
[Example 9]
Examples of the formation of the conductive elastic layer, except that a conductive elastic layer roll having an average diameter of 15 mm was formed and then polished to an average diameter of 12 mm, and the composition of the surface layer forming composition was changed as shown in Table 1. A charged roll was obtained in the same manner as in 1.

[比較例1]
導電性弾性層の形成において、同じ組成物を用いて、ただし金型を用いた射出成型により導電性弾性層を作成した以外は、実施例1と同様にして帯電ロールを得た。
[Comparative Example 1]
In the formation of the conductive elastic layer, a charged roll was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the same composition was used, except that the conductive elastic layer was prepared by injection molding using a mold.

[比較例2〜比較例4]
導電性弾性層の形成条件および表面層形成用組成物の組成を表1に示すとおりに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして帯電ロールを得た。比較例2ではポリアミド粒子を下記材料に変更した。
・ポリアミド粒子(アルケマ社、Orgasol 2002 EXDNat1、平均粒径10μm)
[Comparative Examples 2 to 4]
A charged roll was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions for forming the conductive elastic layer and the composition of the composition for forming the surface layer were changed as shown in Table 1. In Comparative Example 2, the polyamide particles were changed to the following materials.
-Polyamide particles (Arkema, Orgasol 2002 EXDNat1, average particle size 10 μm)

<評価>
[外周面の表面形状]
共焦点レーザー顕微鏡(キーエンス社のVK−8500、対物レンズ20倍)を用い、XY方向に測定周期0.05μm、XY方向の測定範囲490μm×690μm、Z方向の測定範囲50μmの条件で、帯電ロールの外周面の表面性状を測定した。測定データに、帯電ロールの曲率に応じた面補正、及びノイズ補正を施した。ノイズ補正は、測定点9点(X方向3点×Y方向3点)の中に、特異的に高い1点又は低い1点(他8点の中央値の300%超又は20%未満)を検出した場合、他8点の中央値を特異な点に充てる補正とした。補正後のデータから、高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅、粗さ成分の平均高さ、うねり成分の平均高さを求めた。
<Evaluation>
[Surface shape of outer peripheral surface]
Using a confocal laser scanning microscope (Keyence VK-8500, objective lens 20x), the charging roll is used under the conditions of a measurement cycle of 0.05 μm in the XY direction, a measurement range of 490 μm × 690 μm in the XY direction, and a measurement range of 50 μm in the Z direction. The surface texture of the outer peripheral surface of the lens was measured. The measurement data was subjected to surface correction and noise correction according to the curvature of the charging roll. For noise correction, one specifically high point or one low point (more than 300% or less than 20% of the median of the other eight points) is set among the nine measurement points (3 points in the X direction x 3 points in the Y direction). When it was detected, the correction was made by allocating the median of the other 8 points to the peculiar points. From the corrected data, the half width of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve , the average height of the roughness component, and the average height of the swell component were obtained.

[微小色線]
帯電ロールに直流電圧のみを印加する接触帯電方式の帯電装置を備えた、DocuCentre−IV C2260の改造機に、各実施例及び比較例の帯電ロールを組み込んで、高温高湿の環境下(28℃、85%RH)、画像密度30%の全面ハーフトーン画像をA4紙に5000枚出力した。最後の1枚の出力画像を目視で観察して、下記のとおり分類した。G0及びG1が許容範囲である。
[Small color line]
The charging rolls of each example and comparative example are incorporated into a modified machine of DocuCenter-IV C2260 equipped with a contact charging type charging device that applies only DC voltage to the charging roll, and is used in a high temperature and high humidity environment (28 ° C.). , 85% RH), and 5000 sheets of full-face halftone images with an image density of 30% were output on A4 paper. The last one output image was visually observed and classified as follows. G0 and G1 are acceptable ranges.

G0:微小色線の発生が認められない。
G1:微小色線が1個〜3個発生している。
G2:微小色線が4個〜10個発生している。
G3:微小色線が11個〜20個発生している。
G4:微小色線が21個以上発生している。
G0: No generation of minute color lines is observed.
G1: One to three minute color lines are generated.
G2: 4 to 10 minute color lines are generated.
G3: 11 to 20 minute color lines are generated.
G4: 21 or more minute color lines are generated.

[白点]
帯電ロールに直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧を印加する接触帯電方式の帯電装置を備えた、DocuCentre−IV C2260の改造機に、各実施例及び比較例の帯電ロールを組み込んで、低温低湿の環境下(10℃、15%RH)、画像密度60%の全面ハーフトーン画像をA3紙に1枚出力した。出力画像を目視で観察して、下記のとおり分類した。G0及びG1が許容範囲である。
[White spot]
The charging rolls of the respective examples and comparative examples are incorporated into a modified machine of DocuCenter-IV C2260 equipped with a contact charging type charging device that applies a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage on a charging roll to achieve low temperature and low humidity. Under the environment (10 ° C., 15% RH), one full-face halftone image with an image density of 60% was output on A3 paper. The output images were visually observed and classified as follows. G0 and G1 are acceptable ranges.

G0:白点の発生が認められない。
G1:白点が1個〜10個発生している。
G2:白点が11個〜25個発生している。
G3:白点が26個〜50個発生している。
G4:白点が51個以上発生している。
G0: No white spots are observed.
G1: 1 to 10 white spots are generated.
G2: 11 to 25 white spots are generated.
G3: 26 to 50 white spots are generated.
G4: 51 or more white spots are generated.

208 帯電部材、30 支持部材、31 導電性弾性層、32 表面層 208 Charging member, 30 Supporting member, 31 Conductive elastic layer, 32 Surface layer

200,210,220 画像形成装置、206 露光装置、207 感光体、208 帯電装置、209 電源、211 現像装置、212 転写装置、212a 1次転写部材、212b 2次転写部材、213 クリーニング装置、214、除電装置、215、定着装置、500 記録媒体 200, 210, 220 Image forming device, 206 exposure device, 207 Photoconductor, 208 charging device, 209 power supply, 211 developing device, 212 transfer device, 212a primary transfer member, 212b secondary transfer member, 213 cleaning device, 214, Static eliminator, 215, fixing device, 500 Recording medium

400 ハウジング、401a,401b,401c,401d 感光体、402a,402b,402c,402d 帯電ロール、403 露光装置、404a,404b,404c,404d 現像装置、405a,405b,405c,405d トナーカートリッジ、406 駆動ロール、407 張架ロール、408 背面ロール、409 中間転写ベルト、410a,410b,410c,410d 1次転写ロール、411 トレイ、412 搬送ロール、413 2次転写ロール、414 定着装置、415a,415b,415c,415d クリーニングブレード、416 クリーニングブレード 400 housing, 401a, 401b, 401c, 401d photoconductor, 402a, 402b, 402c, 402d charging roll, 403 exposure device, 404a, 404b, 404c, 404d developing device, 405a, 405b, 405c, 405d toner cartridge, 406 drive roll , 407 Tension roll, 408 back roll, 409 intermediate transfer belt, 410a, 410b, 410c, 410d primary transfer roll, 411 tray, 412 transfer roll, 413 secondary transfer roll, 414 fixing device, 415a, 415b, 415c, 415d cleaning blade, 416 cleaning blade

300 プロセスカートリッジ、301 ハウジング、302 取り付けレール、303 露光のための開口部、304 除電露光のための開口部 300 process cartridge, 301 housing, 302 mounting rail, 303 opening for exposure, 304 opening for static elimination exposure

Claims (6)

支持部材と、前記支持部材上に配置された導電性弾性層と、前記導電性弾性層上に配置された表面層とを有し、
周期0.1mm未満の凹凸と周期0.1mm以上の凹凸とが外周面全体に分布し、且つ下記(1)及び(2)の要件を満たし、
外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅が1μm以上3μm以下である、帯電部材。
(1)前記周期0.1mm未満の凹凸は、平均高さが0μm超4μm以下である。
(2)前記周期0.1mm以上の凹凸は、平均高さが5μm以上30μm以下である。
前記(1)及び(2)並びに前記外周面の高さ分布曲線における最大ピークの半値幅は、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡を用いて下記の測定条件で帯電部材の外周面を測定して得たデータに基づく。
測定条件:帯電部材の回転方向をX方向とし、帯電部材の軸方向をY方向とし、X方向及びY方向に直交する方向をZ方向としたとき、X方向の測定周期が0.05μm、Y方向の測定周期が0.05μm、X方向の測定範囲が490μm、Y方向の測定範囲が690μm、Z方向の測定範囲が50μmである。
It has a support member, a conductive elastic layer arranged on the support member, and a surface layer arranged on the conductive elastic layer.
Unevenness with a period of less than 0.1 mm and unevenness with a period of 0.1 mm or more are distributed over the entire outer peripheral surface, and satisfy the following requirements (1) and (2).
A charged member having a full width at half maximum of the maximum peak in the height distribution curve of the outer peripheral surface of 1 μm or more and 3 μm or less.
(1) The unevenness having a period of less than 0.1 mm has an average height of more than 0 μm and 4 μm or less.
(2) The unevenness having a period of 0.1 mm or more has an average height of 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less.
The half-value width of the maximum peak in the height distribution curves of the outer peripheral surfaces (1) and (2) is based on the data obtained by measuring the outer peripheral surface of the charging member under the following measurement conditions using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Based on.
Measurement conditions: When the rotation direction of the charging member is the X direction, the axial direction of the charging member is the Y direction, and the directions orthogonal to the X direction and the Y direction are the Z directions, the measurement cycle in the X direction is 0.05 μm, Y. The measurement cycle in the direction is 0.05 μm, the measurement range in the X direction is 490 μm, the measurement range in the Y direction is 690 μm, and the measurement range in the Z direction is 50 μm.
前記表面層が酸化スズ粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の帯電部材。 The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer contains tin oxide particles. 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の帯電部材を備え、前記帯電部材に直流電圧のみを印加し、接触帯電方式により電子写真感光体の表面を帯電させる帯電装置。 A charging device comprising the charging member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein only a DC voltage is applied to the charging member to charge the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member by a contact charging method. 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の帯電部材を備え、前記帯電部材に直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳した電圧を印加し、接触帯電方式により電子写真感光体の表面を帯電させる帯電装置。 A charging device comprising the charging member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage is applied to the charging member to charge the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member by a contact charging method. 電子写真感光体と、請求項3又は請求項4に記載の帯電装置と、を備え、画像形成装置に着脱されるプロセスカートリッジ。 A process cartridge comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member and the charging device according to claim 3 or 4, which is attached to and detached from the image forming device. 電子写真感光体と、
請求項3又は請求項4に記載の帯電装置と、
帯電した前記電子写真感光体の表面に潜像を形成する潜像形成装置と、
前記電子写真感光体の表面に形成された潜像を、トナーを含む現像剤により現像して、前記電子写真感光体の表面にトナー像を形成する現像装置と、
前記電子写真感光体の表面に形成されたトナー像を記録媒体に転写する転写装置と、
を備える画像形成装置。
Electrophotographic photosensitive member and
The charging device according to claim 3 or 4.
A latent image forming device that forms a latent image on the surface of the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member,
A developing device that develops a latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with a developer containing toner to form a toner image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
A transfer device that transfers a toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member to a recording medium,
An image forming apparatus comprising.
JP2016057371A 2016-03-22 2016-03-22 Charging member, charging device, process cartridge, and image forming device Active JP6769062B2 (en)

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JP2016057371A JP6769062B2 (en) 2016-03-22 2016-03-22 Charging member, charging device, process cartridge, and image forming device
US15/215,633 US9746792B1 (en) 2016-03-22 2016-07-21 Charging member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus for reducing production of micro-chromatic line
US15/217,265 US9753391B1 (en) 2016-03-22 2016-07-22 Charging member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus for reducing production of micro-chromatic line and white spot
US15/218,264 US9817328B2 (en) 2016-03-22 2016-07-25 Charging member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
CN201610805695.XA CN107219737B (en) 2016-03-22 2016-09-06 Charging member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
CN201610806276.8A CN107219739B (en) 2016-03-22 2016-09-06 Charging member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
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