JP6763606B2 - Hydroforming equipment and hydroforming method - Google Patents

Hydroforming equipment and hydroforming method Download PDF

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JP6763606B2
JP6763606B2 JP2016240136A JP2016240136A JP6763606B2 JP 6763606 B2 JP6763606 B2 JP 6763606B2 JP 2016240136 A JP2016240136 A JP 2016240136A JP 2016240136 A JP2016240136 A JP 2016240136A JP 6763606 B2 JP6763606 B2 JP 6763606B2
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tubular body
peripheral surface
pipe body
mold
along
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JP2018051622A (en
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英史 谷口
英史 谷口
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Fuji Machine Works Co Ltd
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Description

この発明は、金型に収納した管体の内部を加圧することで、管体の周面を金型に彫り込まれた凸形状に変形させるバルジ成形装置及びバルジ成形方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a bulge forming apparatus and a bulge forming method for deforming the peripheral surface of a tube body into a convex shape engraved in the die by pressurizing the inside of the tube body housed in the mold.

管体の周面を所定の凸形状に変形させるための成形方法として、ウレタンバルジ成形が知られている。従来のウレタンバルジ成形は、内側面に所定の凹形状を彫り込んだ金型に管体を収納し、この管体の内部にウレタンゴムを挿入した後、ウレタンゴムを膨張させることで管体を金型に押し付け、金型に彫り込まれた凹形状に倣うように管体の周面を凸形状に変形させる。 Urethane bulge molding is known as a molding method for deforming the peripheral surface of a tubular body into a predetermined convex shape. In the conventional urethane bulge molding, the tube body is housed in a mold in which a predetermined concave shape is engraved on the inner surface, the urethane rubber is inserted inside the tube body, and then the urethane rubber is expanded to make the tube body gold. It is pressed against the mold and the peripheral surface of the tube is deformed into a convex shape so as to follow the concave shape carved in the mold.

金型は、内側面に放電加工又はNC3次元加工機を用いた切削加工によって凹形状が彫り込まれる。また、金型は、管体の収納及び取り出しを考慮して管体の軸方向に直交する面内で複数に分割されている。 A concave shape is engraved on the inner surface of the mold by electric discharge machining or cutting using an NC three-dimensional processing machine. Further, the mold is divided into a plurality of pieces in a plane orthogonal to the axial direction of the pipe body in consideration of the storage and removal of the pipe body.

特開2005−313187号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-313187

しかし、従来のバルジ成形では、金型の内側面に対する凹形状の彫り込みに、放電加工や切削加工を用いていたため、金型の制作作業が長時間化する。また、成形後の管体の真円度を高めるために金型を多数に分割すると、管体の周面に形成すべき図柄に対応した凹形状を複数の金型の内側面に跨がって形成する必要が生じる場合がある。この場合には、隣り合う金型の間の合わせ目が管体の図柄に現れないように、複数の金型を高い寸法精度で制作しなければならない。さらに、成形作業の繰り返しによって凹形状が磨耗すると、金型全体を交換する必要か生じる。これらによってバルジ成形のコストが高騰する。 However, in the conventional hydroforming, electric discharge machining and cutting are used to engrave the concave shape on the inner surface of the mold, so that the mold production work takes a long time. Further, when the mold is divided into a large number in order to improve the roundness of the pipe body after molding, a concave shape corresponding to a pattern to be formed on the peripheral surface of the pipe body straddles the inner surfaces of the plurality of molds. May need to be formed. In this case, a plurality of molds must be manufactured with high dimensional accuracy so that the seams between the adjacent molds do not appear in the design of the tube. Further, when the concave shape is worn due to repeated molding operations, it becomes necessary to replace the entire mold. These increase the cost of hydroforming.

このような問題は、ウレタンゴムを用いたウレタンバルジ成形のみならず、変形時の体積変化が小さい低圧縮性又は非圧縮性の流動体を用いたハイドロフォーミングを含む全てのバルジ成形に生じる。 Such a problem occurs not only in urethane bulging molding using urethane rubber, but also in all bulging molding including hydroforming using a low-compressibility or incompressible fluid having a small volume change during deformation.

この発明の目的は、凸形状が形成される管体の外側面とこの管体を半径方向に拘束する複数の外型の内側面との間に介在する板材の内型とで金型を構成することで、金型の製作作業の簡略化を図るとともに、金型の磨耗を防止し、コストの低廉化を実現できるバルジ成形装置及びバルジ成形方法を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to configure a mold with an inner mold of a plate material interposed between an outer surface of a tubular body on which a convex shape is formed and an inner surface of a plurality of outer molds that constrain the tubular body in the radial direction. By doing so, it is an object of the present invention to provide a bulge forming apparatus and a bulge forming method capable of simplifying the manufacturing work of the mold, preventing the wear of the mold, and realizing the cost reduction.

この発明のバルジ成形装置は、複数の外型、内型、加圧機構を備えている。複数の外型は、管体の外周部を周方向に沿って複数に分割したそれぞれの領域で、管体の半径方向に沿って互いに接近及び離間する方向に往復自在に配置されている。内型は、少なくとも1枚の金属平板を素材として、外型の内周面と管体の外周面との間に配置される。外型は、内型を挟んで管体を半径方向に拘束する。加圧機構は、内型内に配置された管体の内部を加圧する。 The hydroforming apparatus of the present invention includes a plurality of outer molds, inner molds, and pressurizing mechanisms. The plurality of outer molds are arranged reciprocally in the directions of approaching and separating from each other along the radial direction of the tubular body in each region obtained by dividing the outer peripheral portion of the tubular body into a plurality of portions along the circumferential direction. The inner mold is made of at least one metal flat plate and is arranged between the inner peripheral surface of the outer mold and the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body. The outer mold constrains the tube in the radial direction with the inner mold in between. The pressurizing mechanism pressurizes the inside of the tube body arranged in the inner mold.

この発明のバルジ成形方法は、管体の外周部を周方向に沿って複数に分割したそれぞれの領域で、管体の半径方向に沿って互いに接近及び離間する方向に往復自在に配置される複数の外型と、少なくとも一枚の金属平板を素材として、外型の内周面と管体の外周面との間の一部に配置される内型と、内型内に配置された管体の内部を加圧する加圧機構と、を準備し、管体と外型との間の一部に内型を介在させた状態で、加圧機構によって管体の内側を加圧する。 In the bulge forming method of the present invention, a plurality of regions in which the outer peripheral portion of the tubular body is divided into a plurality of regions along the circumferential direction are reciprocally arranged in directions approaching and separating from each other along the radial direction of the tubular body. And the inner mold arranged in a part between the inner peripheral surface of the outer mold and the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body using at least one metal flat plate as a material, and the pipe body arranged in the inner mold. A pressurizing mechanism for pressurizing the inside of the tube is prepared, and the inside of the tube is pressurized by the pressurizing mechanism with the inner die interposed between the tube and the outer die.

管体と外型との間の一部に内型を介在させた状態で、加圧機構によって管体の内側を加圧すると、管体の外周面における内型が存在しない部分が外側に膨張し、凸形状が形成れる。内型は、少なくとも一枚の金属平板を素材とするため、管体に形成すべき凸形状に応じた凹形状が容易に形成される。 When the inside of the tube is pressurized by the pressurizing mechanism with the inner die interposed between the tube and the outer die, the part of the outer peripheral surface of the tube where the inner die does not exist expands outward. Then, a convex shape is formed. Since the inner mold is made of at least one metal flat plate, a concave shape corresponding to the convex shape to be formed on the pipe body can be easily formed.

この構成において、加圧機構は、変形時の体積変化が小さい低圧縮性又は非圧縮性の流動体又は柔軟材料の加圧部材と、加圧部材を管体の軸方向に押圧する押圧部材と、管体の軸方向の第1の端部を閉塞する閉塞部材と、で構成することができる。 In this configuration, the pressurizing mechanism includes a pressurizing member made of a low-compressible or incompressible fluid or flexible material having a small volume change during deformation, and a pressing member that presses the pressurizing member in the axial direction of the tubular body. , It can be composed of a closing member that closes the first end portion in the axial direction of the pipe body.

閉塞部材によって第1の端部を閉塞した管体の内部に第2の端部から加圧部材を挿入した後に、押圧部材によって加圧部材を管体の軸方向に押圧することで、管体の内部を半径方向に加圧することができる。 After inserting the pressurizing member from the second end into the inside of the tubular body in which the first end is closed by the closing member, the pressurizing member is pressed in the axial direction of the tubular body by the pressing member. The inside of the can be pressurized in the radial direction.

内型は、管体に形成すべき凸形状に応じた凹形状の開口部を有する金属平板とすることができる。 The inner mold can be a metal flat plate having a concave opening corresponding to the convex shape to be formed in the tubular body.

管体に形成すべき凸形状に応じた金型を容易に低コストで製作することができ、外型の磨耗を防止できるとともに、内型の磨耗時の交換作業も容易になる。 A mold corresponding to the convex shape to be formed on the pipe body can be easily manufactured at low cost, wear of the outer mold can be prevented, and replacement work when the inner mold is worn becomes easy.

金属平板を素材として、複数の外型の内周面と管体の外周面との間に全周にわたって厚さ方向に密着させて配置される2枚以上の内型を備え、2枚以上の内型のうち少なくとも最も内側に位置する内型を、管体に形成すべき凸形状に応じた形状の開口部を有するものとすることができる。 Using a metal flat plate as a material, it is provided with two or more inner molds that are arranged in close contact with each other in the thickness direction over the entire circumference between the inner peripheral surface of the plurality of outer molds and the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body. The inner mold located at least on the innermost side of the inner mold may have an opening having a shape corresponding to the convex shape to be formed on the tubular body.

2枚以上の内型に開口部を形成することにより、管体の周面に階段状の凸形状を形成することができる。また、2枚以上の内型のうち最も外側に位置する内型に開口部を形成しないことにより、加圧部材の加圧によって変形した管体の外周面が外型に直接接触することがなく、外型に磨耗を生じることがない。 By forming openings in two or more inner molds, a stepped convex shape can be formed on the peripheral surface of the pipe body. Further, by not forming an opening in the inner mold located on the outermost side of the two or more inner molds, the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body deformed by the pressurization of the pressurizing member does not come into direct contact with the outer mold. , No wear on the outer mold.

この発明によれば、金型の制作作業の簡略化を実現できるとともに、金型の磨耗を防止し、コストの低廉化を実現できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to realize the simplification of the production work of the mold, prevent the wear of the mold, and realize the cost reduction.

この発明の実施形態に係るバルジ成形装置の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the bulge forming apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. (A)及び(B)は、同バルジ成形装置の第2の板材の外観図、及び同バルジ成形装置で成形される管体の外観図である。(A) and (B) are an external view of a second plate material of the bulge forming apparatus, and an external view of a pipe body formed by the bulge forming apparatus. (A)〜(C)は、この発明の実施形態に係るバルジ成形方法を示す断面図である。(A) to (C) are sectional views which show the bulge forming method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. この発明の別の実施形態に係るバルジ成形装置の第1及び第2の板材の外観図である。It is external drawing of the 1st and 2nd plate material of the bulge forming apparatus which concerns on another embodiment of this invention. (A)及び(B)は、この発明のさらに別の実施形態に係るバルジ成形装置の第2の板材の外観図である。(A) and (B) are external views of the second plate material of the bulge forming apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention. この発明の実施形態に係るバルジ成形装置において一体型のウレタンを用いた加圧部材の変形状態を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the deformed state of the pressure member using the integrated urethane in the bulge forming apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. この発明の実施形態に係るバルジ成形装置において分割型のウレタンを用いた加圧部材の変形状態を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the deformed state of the pressure member using the split type urethane in the bulge forming apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

以下に、この発明の実施形態に係るバルジ成形装置及びバルジ成形方法について図面を参照しつつ説明する。 The bulge forming apparatus and bulge forming method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図1に示すように、この発明の実施形態に係るバルジ成形装置10は、ベース1、駆動部材2、外型3、第1の板材4、第2の板材5、ウレタンゴム6、プランジャ7、リング8を備え、ウレタンバルジ成形によって管体20の周面に凸形状を成形する。 As shown in FIG. 1, the hydroforming apparatus 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a base 1, a driving member 2, an outer mold 3, a first plate material 4, a second plate material 5, urethane rubber 6, and a plunger 7. A ring 8 is provided, and a convex shape is formed on the peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 by urethane bulge forming.

ベース1は、一例として円盤状を呈し、中央部に第1の凸部11、第2の凸部12、孔部13が同心円状に形成されており、外側部の周方向における等間隔の4カ所(図1では2カ所のみが現れる。)に雌ネジ部14が形成されている。第1の凸部11及び第2の凸部12は、ベース1の上面から上方に突出している。 The base 1 has a disk shape as an example, and the first convex portion 11, the second convex portion 12, and the hole portion 13 are formed concentrically in the central portion, and 4 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the outer portion. Female threaded portions 14 are formed at the locations (only two locations appear in FIG. 1). The first convex portion 11 and the second convex portion 12 project upward from the upper surface of the base 1.

孔部13には、プランジャ7の軸部73の下端部が上方から貫通する。孔部13の下方に露出した軸部73の下端面には、ワッシャ16を介して固定ネジ15が螺合する。ワッシャ16は、孔部13の下縁部に当接してプランジャ7の上限位置を規定する。雌ネジ部14には、ボルト21が螺合する。第2の凸部12は、この発明の閉塞部材であり、管体20の内径に等しい外径を有し、管体20の第2の端部である下端部が外嵌して閉塞される。 The lower end of the shaft portion 73 of the plunger 7 penetrates through the hole portion 13 from above. A fixing screw 15 is screwed into the lower end surface of the shaft portion 73 exposed below the hole portion 13 via a washer 16. The washer 16 abuts on the lower edge of the hole 13 to define the upper limit position of the plunger 7. A bolt 21 is screwed into the female screw portion 14. The second convex portion 12 is the closing member of the present invention, has an outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of the tubular body 20, and the lower end portion, which is the second end portion of the tubular body 20, is fitted and closed. ..

駆動部材2は、一例として内周面が截頭円錐形状を呈する筒状体であり、下端部に形成されたフランジ22の周方向における等間隔の4カ所(図1では2カ所のみが現れる。)に貫通孔23が形成されている。ボルト21は、貫通孔23にネジ部を貫通させた後に、雌ネジ部14に螺合する。駆動部材2は、ボルト21によって平面内における移動を規制された状態で、ベース1上の所定範囲内を上下方向に移動自在にされている。 As an example, the driving member 2 is a tubular body having a conical shape on the inner peripheral surface, and four locations (only two locations in FIG. 1) appear at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the flange 22 formed at the lower end portion. ) Is formed with a through hole 23. The bolt 21 is screwed into the female threaded portion 14 after the threaded portion is passed through the through hole 23. The drive member 2 is movable in the vertical direction within a predetermined range on the base 1 in a state where the movement in the plane is restricted by the bolt 21.

外型3は、それぞれが管体20の外周部を一例として4分割に等分した領域に位置する全4個で構成されている。各外型3の外周面は、駆動部材2の内周面と同一の截頭円錐形状に形成されている。各外型3の内周面は、管体20の外径よりも大きい内径の円筒形状に形成されている。各外型3は、底面をベース1の上面に接触しており、図示しないキーを介して管体20の半径方向にのみ往復移動自在にされている。また、各外型3の底部には、第1の凸部11が嵌合する段部31が形成されている。 Each of the outer molds 3 is composed of a total of four outer molds 3 located in a region equally divided into four parts, taking the outer peripheral portion of the pipe body 20 as an example. The outer peripheral surface of each outer die 3 is formed in the same conical shape as the inner peripheral surface of the drive member 2. The inner peripheral surface of each outer mold 3 is formed in a cylindrical shape having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the tubular body 20. The bottom surface of each outer die 3 is in contact with the upper surface of the base 1, and the outer die 3 is reciprocally movable only in the radial direction of the tubular body 20 via a key (not shown). Further, a step portion 31 into which the first convex portion 11 is fitted is formed on the bottom portion of each outer mold 3.

各外型3は、一例として互いの間に配置された図示しない弾性部材の弾性力により、互いに離間する方向に付勢されている。この弾性力により、各外型3は、ベース1上で外側に向けて付勢されている。各外型3の外周面が駆動部材2の内周面と同一の截頭円錐形状に形成されているため、駆動部材2を下降させると各外型3が管体20の半径方向に沿って互いに接近するように移動し、駆動部材2を上昇させると各外型3が管体20の半径方向に沿って互いに離間するように移動する。 As an example, the outer molds 3 are urged in a direction in which they are separated from each other by the elastic force of an elastic member (not shown) arranged between them. Due to this elastic force, each outer mold 3 is urged outward on the base 1. Since the outer peripheral surface of each outer mold 3 is formed in the same conical shape as the inner peripheral surface of the drive member 2, when the drive member 2 is lowered, each outer mold 3 is formed along the radial direction of the tubular body 20. They move so as to approach each other, and when the driving member 2 is raised, the outer molds 3 move so as to be separated from each other along the radial direction of the tubular body 20.

なお、駆動部材2は、4個の外型3のそれぞれを個別に駆動するものであってもよい。また、駆動部材2は内側面を平面状の傾斜面で形成することもでき、この場合には、各外型3の外側面を駆動部材2の内側面に常時当接する平面状の傾斜面で形成する。さらに、駆動部材2は、管体20の外周部を複数に等分した領域に位置する複数の部材とし、管体20の半径方向に移動するように構成してもよい。 The drive member 2 may individually drive each of the four outer molds 3. Further, the inner surface of the drive member 2 can be formed of a flat inclined surface. In this case, the outer surface of each outer mold 3 is formed by a flat inclined surface that always abuts on the inner surface of the drive member 2. Form. Further, the drive member 2 may be a plurality of members located in a region in which the outer peripheral portion of the tubular body 20 is equally divided into a plurality of members, and may be configured to move in the radial direction of the tubular body 20.

第1の板材4及び第2の板材5は、それぞれこの発明の内型に相当し、例えば板厚1mmのSUS304を素材とする金属平板を円筒状に湾曲させたものである。第1の板材4及び第2の板材5は、第1の板材4を外側にして重ねた状態で外型3の内部に挿入される。一例として、第1の板材4は、外側面の全面を外型3の内周面に対向させる。第2の板材5は、一例として図2(A)に示すように開口部51を備えている。開口部51は、図2(B)に示す管体20の外周面に形成すべき凸形状24に対応した形状にされている。 Each of the first plate material 4 and the second plate material 5 corresponds to the inner mold of the present invention, and is, for example, a metal flat plate made of SUS304 having a plate thickness of 1 mm and curved in a cylindrical shape. The first plate material 4 and the second plate material 5 are inserted into the outer mold 3 in a state of being stacked with the first plate material 4 on the outside. As an example, in the first plate material 4, the entire outer surface of the first plate member 4 faces the inner peripheral surface of the outer mold 3. The second plate material 5 includes an opening 51 as shown in FIG. 2A as an example. The opening 51 has a shape corresponding to the convex shape 24 to be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 shown in FIG. 2 (B).

外型3の内径は、管体20の外径に第1の板材4と第2の板材5との板厚の和の2倍を加えた大きさにされている。第1の板材4及び第2の板材5のそれぞれは、必ずしも1枚の金属平板で構成する必要はない。管体20の周方向に沿って複数に分割することもできる。 The inner diameter of the outer mold 3 is set to a size obtained by adding twice the sum of the plate thicknesses of the first plate material 4 and the second plate material 5 to the outer diameter of the pipe body 20. Each of the first plate material 4 and the second plate material 5 does not necessarily have to be composed of one metal flat plate. It can also be divided into a plurality of pieces along the circumferential direction of the pipe body 20.

ウレタンゴム6は、この発明の加圧部材に相当し、変形時の体積変化が小さい低圧縮性の柔軟材料であり、管体20の内径に略一致する外径の円筒形状を呈している。 The urethane rubber 6 is a low-compressible flexible material that corresponds to the pressure member of the present invention and has a small volume change during deformation, and has a cylindrical shape with an outer diameter that substantially matches the inner diameter of the tubular body 20.

プランジャ7は、この発明の押圧部材であり、頭部71、円盤部72及び軸部73を同心上に一体に配置して構成されている。円盤部72の外径は、管体20の内径よりも僅かに小さくされている。軸部73の外径は、ウレタンゴム6の内径に略等しくされている。軸部73には、下端面に露出したネジ穴が形成されている。ネジ穴には、固定ネジ15が螺合する。プランジャ7は、ウレタンゴム6及び第2の凸部12とともにこの発明の加圧機構を構成する。 The plunger 7 is a pressing member of the present invention, and is configured by concentrically and integrally arranging a head portion 71, a disk portion 72, and a shaft portion 73. The outer diameter of the disk portion 72 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the tube body 20. The outer diameter of the shaft portion 73 is substantially equal to the inner diameter of the urethane rubber 6. The shaft portion 73 is formed with an exposed screw hole on the lower end surface. A fixing screw 15 is screwed into the screw hole. The plunger 7 constitutes the pressurizing mechanism of the present invention together with the urethane rubber 6 and the second convex portion 12.

プランジャ7は、ウレタンゴム6を確実に保持するために、上限位置をワッシャ16で位置決めされる軸部73を備えているが、ウレタンバルジ加工中にウレタンゴム6の変位を確実に規制できることを条件に、軸部73を省略できる。 The plunger 7 includes a shaft portion 73 whose upper limit position is positioned by a washer 16 in order to securely hold the urethane rubber 6, provided that the displacement of the urethane rubber 6 can be reliably regulated during urethane bulging. In addition, the shaft portion 73 can be omitted.

リング8は、環状を呈し、外型3の上部に形成された凹部35に嵌入する。各外型3の内周面は、上部におけるリング8との当接と下部における第1の凸部11との当接により、管体20の軸方向の全長にわたって真円に維持される。外型3の真円度を確実に維持できることを条件に、リング8を第1の凸部11とともに省略することもできる。 The ring 8 has an annular shape and fits into the recess 35 formed in the upper part of the outer mold 3. The inner peripheral surface of each outer mold 3 is maintained in a perfect circle over the entire length in the axial direction of the tubular body 20 by abutting with the ring 8 at the upper portion and abutting with the first convex portion 11 at the lower portion. The ring 8 may be omitted together with the first convex portion 11 on condition that the roundness of the outer mold 3 can be reliably maintained.

図3に示すように、この発明のバルジ成形方法は、バルジ成形装置10を用いて実施することができる。まず、駆動部材2を上方に位置させて各外型3を互いに離間させる。このとき、第1の板材4及び第2の板材5は、第1の板材4を外側にして重ねた状態で、各外型3の内部に収納されている(図3(A))。 As shown in FIG. 3, the bulge forming method of the present invention can be carried out by using the bulge forming apparatus 10. First, the drive member 2 is positioned upward to separate the outer molds 3 from each other. At this time, the first plate material 4 and the second plate material 5 are housed inside each outer mold 3 in a state of being stacked with the first plate material 4 on the outside (FIG. 3 (A)).

次いで、ウレタンゴム6が内部に挿入された管体20を第2の板材5の内部に挿入する(図3(B))。ウレタンゴム6には、プランジャ7の軸部73が貫通している。 Next, the pipe body 20 in which the urethane rubber 6 is inserted is inserted into the second plate member 5 (FIG. 3 (B)). The shaft portion 73 of the plunger 7 penetrates the urethane rubber 6.

この状態から、駆動部材2を下降させて各外型3を互いに接近させ、第1の板材4及び第2の板材5を介して管体20を半径方向に沿って内向きに押圧し、管体20を半径方向に拘束する。この後、頭部71を介してプランジャ7を下降させ、円盤部72を介してウレタンゴム6の第1の端部である上端部を上方から軸方向に沿って押圧する(図3(C))。ウレタンゴム6は、低圧縮性の柔軟材料であるため、管体20の内周面を外側に向けて押圧する。 From this state, the drive member 2 is lowered to bring the outer molds 3 closer to each other, and the pipe body 20 is pressed inward along the radial direction via the first plate material 4 and the second plate material 5, and the pipe is formed. The body 20 is constrained in the radial direction. After that, the plunger 7 is lowered via the head 71, and the upper end portion, which is the first end portion of the urethane rubber 6, is pressed from above along the axial direction via the disk portion 72 (FIG. 3C). ). Since the urethane rubber 6 is a flexible material having low compressibility, it presses the inner peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 toward the outside.

第2の板材5に開口部51が形成されている場合、管体20の周面における開口部51に対向する部分は、第1の板材4の内側面に当接する位置を最大位置として開口部51内を外側に向かって通過し、それ以外の部分は、第2の板材5の内側面との当接によって真円に成形される。これによって、管体20の周面には開口部51の形状に応じた凸形状が形成される。 When the opening 51 is formed in the second plate member 5, the portion of the peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 facing the opening 51 is opened with the position where it abuts on the inner surface of the first plate member 4 as the maximum position. It passes through the inside of 51 toward the outside, and the other portion is formed into a perfect circle by abutting with the inner side surface of the second plate member 5. As a result, a convex shape corresponding to the shape of the opening 51 is formed on the peripheral surface of the tubular body 20.

図4に示すように、第1の板材4における開口部51に対向する部分内に、開口部51より小さい開口部41を形成することにより、管体20の周面に開口部51及び開口部41の形状に応じた2段の凸形状を形成することができる。 As shown in FIG. 4, by forming an opening 41 smaller than the opening 51 in the portion of the first plate material 4 facing the opening 51, the opening 51 and the opening are formed on the peripheral surface of the tubular body 20. It is possible to form a two-stage convex shape according to the shape of 41.

管体20の周面に凸形状を形成する場合、従来のバルジ加工では金型の内周面に放電加工や切削加工によって凸形状に対応する凹形状を形成する必要があり、金型の製作費が高騰するだけでなく、バルジ加工の繰り返しによって凹形状に磨耗による変形を生じ、定期的な金型の交換が必要となる。これに対して、この発明のバルジ成形装置及びバルジ成形方法では、管体20の周面に形成すべき凸形状に対応した形状の開口部を金属平板に形成するだけでよく、制作費か低廉で、金型の交換も不要になる。 When forming a convex shape on the peripheral surface of the tubular body 20, in the conventional bulge processing, it is necessary to form a concave shape corresponding to the convex shape on the inner peripheral surface of the mold by electric discharge machining or cutting, and the mold is manufactured. Not only the cost rises, but also the concave shape is deformed due to wear due to repeated bulge machining, and it is necessary to replace the mold regularly. On the other hand, in the bulge forming apparatus and the bulge forming method of the present invention, it is only necessary to form an opening having a shape corresponding to the convex shape to be formed on the peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 on the metal flat plate, and the production cost is low. Therefore, it is not necessary to replace the mold.

なお、この発明の内型は、第1の板材4及び第2の板材5の2枚の金属平板で構成するものに限らず、3枚以上の金属平板で構成することもできる。この場合に、最も外側に位置する板材に開口部を形成せず、管体20の外周面と外型3の内周面との間に全面にわたって介在させることにより、バルジ加工を繰り返した場合にも外型3に管体20との当接による磨耗を生じることがなく、外型3の交換が不要になる。 The inner mold of the present invention is not limited to the one composed of two metal flat plates of the first plate material 4 and the second plate material 5, and may be composed of three or more metal flat plates. In this case, when the bulge processing is repeated by not forming an opening in the plate material located on the outermost side and interposing the entire surface between the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body 20 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer mold 3. However, the outer mold 3 does not wear due to contact with the tubular body 20, and the outer mold 3 does not need to be replaced.

また、管体20を真円度の高い円筒形状に成形するためにバルジ加工を用いる場合には、開口部の無い1枚の板材のみを使用することで、バルジ加工を繰り返した場合にも外型3に管体20との当接による磨耗を生じることがなく、外型3の交換が不要になる。 In addition, when bulge processing is used to form the tubular body 20 into a cylindrical shape with high roundness, only one plate material without an opening is used, so that even if the bulge processing is repeated, it is outside. The mold 3 does not wear due to contact with the tubular body 20, and the outer mold 3 does not need to be replaced.

第1の板材4及び第2の板材5は、必ずしも管体20の外周面と外型3の内周面との間に全周にわたって配置する必要はない。例えば、管体20の周面に軸方向における全長にわたって凸形状を形成する場合は、図5(A)に示すように、少なくとも第2の板材5の周方向の一部は軸方向の全長にわたって不要となる。また、管体20の周面における軸方向の一部に全周にわたって凸形状を形成する場合は、図5(B)に示すように、少なくとも第2の板材5の軸方向の一部は全周にわたって不要となり、第2の板材5は軸方向の中間部に間隔を設けて上下に配置される2枚の金属平板で構成することになる。 The first plate member 4 and the second plate member 5 do not necessarily have to be arranged over the entire circumference between the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body 20 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer mold 3. For example, when a convex shape is formed on the peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 over the entire length in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. 5 (A), at least a part of the second plate member 5 in the circumferential direction extends over the entire length in the axial direction. It becomes unnecessary. Further, when a convex shape is formed over the entire circumference of a part of the peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 in the axial direction, at least a part of the second plate member 5 in the axial direction is completely formed as shown in FIG. 5 (B). The second plate member 5 is made up of two metal flat plates arranged vertically at intervals in the middle portion in the axial direction, which is unnecessary over the circumference.

図6に示すように、一般的なウレタンバルジ成形と同様に、全体が一体のウレタンゴム6を用いた場合、プランジャ7によって軸方向に押圧すると、ウレタンゴム6の軸方向の中央部が上下端部よりも外側に拡がろうとする。このため、管体20の内周面に作用する半径方向の押圧力は、管体20の軸方向における中央部で大きく、上下端部で小さくなる。 As shown in FIG. 6, as in general urethane bulge molding, when urethane rubber 6 is used as a whole, when pressed in the axial direction by the plunger 7, the central portion of the urethane rubber 6 in the axial direction is the upper and lower ends. It tries to spread outside the part. Therefore, the radial pressing force acting on the inner peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 is large at the central portion in the axial direction of the tubular body 20 and small at the upper and lower end portions.

管体20の軸方向について管体20の内周面に作用する半径方向の押圧力に大きな差を生じると、開口部51の上下端に対向する位置では管体20の内周面を半径方向の外側に向けて十分に押圧することができず、管体20の外周面に形成すべき凸形状の端部に鈍りを生じる。凸形状の端部の鈍りは、外型3に凹部を形成して管体20の外周面に深い凸形状を形成する場合には差程大きな問題とならないが、開口部51を形成した板材5(開口部41を形成した板材4を含む。)を用いて管体20の外周面に薄肉の凸形状を形成する場合には仕上がりの劣化として大きな問題となる。この問題は、管体20の外周面に形成すべき凸形状24が上下方向に長い場合に特に顕著になる。 When there is a large difference in the radial pressing force acting on the inner peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 with respect to the axial direction of the tubular body 20, the inner peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 is radially oriented at the position facing the upper and lower ends of the opening 51. It cannot be sufficiently pressed toward the outside of the tube body 20, and the convex end portion to be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 becomes dull. The blunting of the convex end portion does not pose a big problem when a concave portion is formed in the outer mold 3 to form a deep convex shape on the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body 20, but the plate material 5 in which the opening 51 is formed is formed. When a thin convex shape is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 by using (including the plate material 4 having the opening 41 formed therein), there is a big problem as deterioration of the finish. This problem becomes particularly remarkable when the convex shape 24 to be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 is long in the vertical direction.

そこで、出願人は、図7に示すように、管体20の軸方向に沿って一例として6個の部分に分割したウレタンゴム61を用いることで、プランジャ7によって軸方向に押圧した際に、ウレタンゴム61の半径方向の拡がりを軸方向の中央部と上下端部とで略一定にできることを見出した。この構成により、管体20の内周面に作用する半径方向の押圧力が管体20の軸方向の全域にわたって略均一になり、開口部51を形成した板材5(開口部41を形成した板材4を含む。)を用いて管体20の外周面に上下方向に長い薄肉の凸形状を形成する場合にも、凸形状の端部における鈍りの発生を緩和でき、凸形状の仕上がりを向上できる。 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the applicant uses the urethane rubber 61 divided into six parts as an example along the axial direction of the tubular body 20, so that when pressed in the axial direction by the plunger 7, the applicant can use it. It has been found that the radial spread of the urethane rubber 61 can be made substantially constant at the central portion and the upper and lower end portions in the axial direction. With this configuration, the radial pressing force acting on the inner peripheral surface of the tubular body 20 becomes substantially uniform over the entire axial direction of the tubular body 20, and the plate material 5 having the opening 51 (the plate material having the opening 41 formed). 4) is also used to form a thin convex shape long in the vertical direction on the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 20, the occurrence of dullness at the end of the convex shape can be alleviated, and the finish of the convex shape can be improved. ..

なお、ウレタンゴム61の分割数は、使用する素材の硬度や管体20の素材や板厚、並びに管体20の外周面に形成すべき凸形状等の条件に応じて、適宜選択できる。また、ウレタンゴム61は、部分的に硬度を変化させることもできる。例えば、上下端に位置する部分の硬度をその他の部分より高くすることで、角部の破損を防止することができる。 The number of divisions of the urethane rubber 61 can be appropriately selected according to conditions such as the hardness of the material used, the material and plate thickness of the pipe body 20, and the convex shape to be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body 20. Further, the hardness of the urethane rubber 61 can be partially changed. For example, by making the hardness of the portion located at the upper and lower ends higher than that of the other portions, it is possible to prevent damage to the corner portion.

上述の実施形態の説明は、すべての点で例示であって、制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上述の実施形態ではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示される。さらに、本発明の範囲には、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。 The description of the embodiments described above should be considered exemplary in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the scope of claims, not by the above-described embodiment. Furthermore, the scope of the present invention is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims.

例えば、この発明の加圧機構を構成する加圧部材として、上記の実施形態ではウレタンゴム6を使用したが、ハイドロフォーミンクを含むバルジ加工に一般的に使用される非圧縮性又は低圧縮性の流動体又は柔軟材料を同様に用いることができる。 For example, although urethane rubber 6 is used in the above embodiment as the pressurizing member constituting the pressurizing mechanism of the present invention, incompressible or low compressibility generally used for bulging processing including hydroformink. A fluid or flexible material can be used as well.

1−ベース
2−駆動部材
3−外型
4−第1の板材(内型)
5−第2の板材(内型)
6−ウレタンゴム(加圧部材)
7−プランジャ(押圧部材)
10−バルジ成形装置
12−第2の凸部(閉塞部材)
20−管体
1-Base 2-Drive member 3-Outer mold 4-First plate material (inner mold)
5-Second plate material (inner mold)
6-Urethane rubber (pressurized member)
7-Planger (pressing member)
10-Hydroforming device 12-2nd convex part (closing member)
20-tube

Claims (7)

管体の外周部を周方向に沿って複数に分割したそれぞれの領域で、前記管体の半径方向に沿って互いに接近及び離間する方向に往復自在に配置された複数の外型と、
少なくとも1枚の金属平板を素材として、前記複数の外型の内周面と前記管体の外周面との間に配置される内型と、
前記内型内に配置された前記管体の内部を加圧する加圧機構と、
を備え、前記複数の外型は、前記内型を挟んで前記管体を半径方向に拘束するバルジ成形装置。
In each region of the outer peripheral portion of the pipe body divided into a plurality of parts along the circumferential direction, a plurality of outer molds arranged reciprocally in the directions of approaching and separating from each other along the radial direction of the pipe body, and a plurality of outer molds.
An inner mold arranged between the inner peripheral surface of the plurality of outer molds and the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body using at least one metal flat plate as a material, and
A pressurizing mechanism that pressurizes the inside of the tubular body arranged in the inner mold,
The plurality of outer dies are bulge forming devices that constrain the pipe body in the radial direction with the inner dies sandwiched therein.
前記加圧機構は、前記管体の内部に挿入される低圧縮性の流動体又は柔軟材料の加圧部材と、前記加圧部材を前記管体の第1の端部側から軸方向に沿って押圧する押圧部材と、前記管体の軸方向の第2の端部を閉塞する閉塞部材と、で構成される請求項1に記載のバルジ成形装置。 The pressurizing mechanism includes a pressurizing member of a low-compressible fluid or flexible material inserted into the tubular body, and the pressurizing member along the axial direction from the first end side of the tubular body. The bulge forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a pressing member that presses the pipe body and a closing member that closes the second end portion in the axial direction of the tubular body. 前記加圧部材は、前記管体の内部に挿入される円柱形状を呈し、前記軸方向に沿って複数の部分に分割して構成されたウレタンゴムである請求項2に記載のバルジ成形装置。 The bulge forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pressurizing member has a cylindrical shape inserted into the tubular body, and is a urethane rubber formed by being divided into a plurality of portions along the axial direction. 金属平板を素材として、前記複数の外型の内周面と前記管体の外周面との間に全周にわたって厚さ方向に密着させて配置される1枚の前記内型を備え、前記内型は、前記管体に形成すべき凸形状に応じた形状の開口部を有する請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載のバルジ成形装置。 Using a metal flat plate as a material, the inner die is provided with one inner die arranged between the inner peripheral surface of the plurality of outer dies and the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body in close contact with each other in the thickness direction over the entire circumference. The bulge forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mold has an opening having a shape corresponding to a convex shape to be formed in the tubular body. 金属平板を素材として、前記複数の外型の内周面と前記管体の外周面との間に全周にわたって厚さ方向に密着させて配置される2枚以上の前記内型を備え、前記2枚以上の内型のうち少なくとも最も内側に位置する内型は、前記管体に形成すべき凸形状に応じた形状の開口部を有する請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載のバルジ成形装置。 Using a metal flat plate as a material, two or more inner dies are provided, which are arranged between the inner peripheral surface of the plurality of outer dies and the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body in close contact with each other in the thickness direction over the entire circumference. The bulge forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least the innermost inner mold of the two or more inner molds has an opening having a shape corresponding to the convex shape to be formed in the tubular body. .. 管体の外周部を周方向に沿って複数に分割したそれぞれの領域で、前記管体の半径方向に沿って互いに接近及び離間する方向に往復自在に配置される複数の外型と、少なくとも一枚の金属平板を素材として、前記複数の外型の内周面と前記管体の外周面との間の一部に配置される内型と、前記内型内に配置された前記管体の内部を加圧する加圧機構と、を準備し、
前記複数の外型によって前記内型を挟んで前記管体を半径方向に拘束した状態で、前記加圧機構によって前記管体の内側を加圧するバルジ成形方法。
At least one of a plurality of outer dies which are reciprocally arranged in a direction of approaching and separating from each other along the radial direction of the tubular body in each region obtained by dividing the outer peripheral portion of the tubular body into a plurality of regions along the circumferential direction. Of the inner mold arranged in a part between the inner peripheral surface of the plurality of outer molds and the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body, and the pipe body arranged in the inner mold, using one metal flat plate as a material. Prepare a pressurizing mechanism that pressurizes the inside,
A bulge forming method in which the inside of the tube is pressurized by the pressurizing mechanism in a state where the inner die is sandwiched between the plurality of outer dies and the tube is restrained in the radial direction.
管体の外周部を周方向に沿って複数に分割したそれぞれの領域で、前記管体の半径方向に沿って互いに接近及び離間する方向に往復自在に配置される複数の外型と、
少なくとも一枚の金属平板を素材として、前記複数の外型の内周面と前記管体の外周面との間の一部に配置される内型と、
前記内型内に配置された前記管体内に挿入される円柱状のウレタンであって前記管体の軸方向に沿って複数に分割されたウレタン、前記ウレタンを前記管体の第1の端部側から前記軸方向に沿って押圧する押圧部材、及び前記管体の第2の端部側を閉塞する閉塞部材からなる加圧機構と、を準備し、
前記管体の内部に前記ウレタンを挿入し、前記複数の外型によって前記内型を挟んで前記管体を半径方向に拘束し、前記閉塞部材によって前記管体の第2の端部側を閉塞し、前記押圧部材によって前記管体の第1の端部側から前記ウレタンを前記軸方向に沿って押圧することによって前記管体の内側を加圧するバルジ成形方法。
A plurality of outer molds that are reciprocally arranged in directions that approach and separate from each other along the radial direction of the pipe body in each region obtained by dividing the outer peripheral portion of the pipe body into a plurality of parts along the circumferential direction.
An inner die arranged on a part between the inner peripheral surface of the plurality of outer molds and the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body using at least one metal flat plate as a material.
Cylindrical urethane inserted into the tube body arranged in the inner mold and divided into a plurality of parts along the axial direction of the tube body, the urethane is the first end portion of the tube body. A pressing member that presses from the side along the axial direction and a pressurizing mechanism including a closing member that closes the second end side of the tubular body are prepared.
The urethane is inserted into the inside of the pipe body, the inner mold is sandwiched by the plurality of outer molds, the pipe body is restrained in the radial direction, and the second end side of the pipe body is closed by the closing member. A bulge forming method in which the inside of the tubular body is pressed by the pressing member by pressing the urethane from the first end side of the tubular body along the axial direction.
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