JP6755425B1 - Fuel cell device - Google Patents

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JP6755425B1
JP6755425B1 JP2020054990A JP2020054990A JP6755425B1 JP 6755425 B1 JP6755425 B1 JP 6755425B1 JP 2020054990 A JP2020054990 A JP 2020054990A JP 2020054990 A JP2020054990 A JP 2020054990A JP 6755425 B1 JP6755425 B1 JP 6755425B1
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雄也 宅和
雄也 宅和
雅也 佐々木
雅也 佐々木
井上　修一
修一 井上
遠藤　聡
聡 遠藤
光国 太田
光国 太田
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
Aisin Corp
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Aisin Seiki Co Ltd
Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

【課題】燃料電池の運転状態が安定したままで燃料利用率を上げることができる燃料電池装置を提供する。【解決手段】燃料電池装置において、運転制御部１６は、燃料電池１０の出力電流が安定した状態で、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量まで減少させ且つ改質部７への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量まで減少させることで燃料電池１０での燃料利用率を上昇させる燃料利用率上昇処理を行う場合、水供給量調節部４の動作を制御して改質部７への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後に所定の処理継続条件が満たされたか否かを判定し、処理継続条件が満たされた後に改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少を開始させる。【選択図】図１PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel cell device capable of increasing a fuel utilization rate while keeping an operating state of a fuel cell stable. SOLUTION: In a fuel cell device, an operation control unit 16 reduces and modifies the supply amount of raw fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 to a target raw fuel supply amount in a state where the output current of the fuel cell 10 is stable. When the fuel utilization rate increase process for increasing the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell 10 is performed by reducing the supply amount of reforming water to the quality unit 7 to the target water supply amount, the operation of the water supply amount adjusting unit 4 is performed. After controlling and starting to reduce the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming section 7, it is determined whether or not the predetermined treatment continuation condition is satisfied, and after the treatment continuation condition is satisfied, the reforming section 7 is subjected to. Start reducing the supply of raw materials and fuel gas. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

本発明は、原燃料ガスを水蒸気改質して水素を含む燃料ガスを生成する改質部と、改質部で生成された燃料ガスが供給されるアノード及び酸素ガスが供給されるカソードを有する燃料電池と、発電反応で用いられた後にアノードから排出される排出燃料ガスに含まれる前記燃料ガスを燃焼させ、その燃焼熱によって改質部を加熱する燃焼部とを備え、改質部と燃料電池と燃焼部とは筐体の内部に収容される燃料電池装置に関する。 The present invention has a reforming section for steam reforming the raw material fuel gas to generate a fuel gas containing hydrogen, an anode to which the fuel gas generated in the reforming section is supplied, and a cathode to which oxygen gas is supplied. It is provided with a fuel cell and a combustion unit that burns the fuel gas contained in the exhaust fuel gas discharged from the anode after being used in a power generation reaction and heats the reforming unit by the combustion heat. The battery and the combustion unit relate to a fuel cell device housed inside the housing.

改質部で原燃料ガスを水蒸気改質して水素を含む燃料ガスを生成し、その燃料ガスが供給されるアノード及び酸素ガスが供給されるカソードを有する燃料電池で発電を行う場合、その効率を向上させるためには、アノードに供給される燃料ガスの量に対応する原燃料ガスの量に対する、アノードで発電反応に用いられる燃料ガスの量に対応する原燃料ガスの量の比率である燃料利用率を上昇させるという手法がある。例えば、燃料電池の出力電流が安定した状態で燃料利用率を上昇させるためには、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を減少させればよい。但し、その場合には、燃焼部で燃焼される、発電反応で用いられた後にアノードから排出される排出燃料ガスに含まれる燃料ガスの量が減少するため、燃料電池を収容している筐体の内部の温度が低下するという問題がある。 When the raw fuel gas is steam reformed in the reforming section to generate a fuel gas containing hydrogen, and power is generated by a fuel cell having an anode to which the fuel gas is supplied and a cathode to which the oxygen gas is supplied, the efficiency is high. The fuel is the ratio of the amount of raw fuel gas corresponding to the amount of fuel gas used for the power generation reaction at the anode to the amount of raw fuel gas corresponding to the amount of fuel gas supplied to the anode. There is a method of increasing the utilization rate. For example, in order to increase the fuel utilization rate in a state where the output current of the fuel cell is stable, the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming section may be reduced. However, in that case, the amount of fuel gas contained in the discharged fuel gas discharged from the anode after being used in the power generation reaction, which is burned in the combustion part, is reduced, so that the housing containing the fuel cell is housed. There is a problem that the temperature inside the fuel cell drops.

尚、改質部への改質用水の供給量を減少させると、改質用水によって奪われる熱量が減少するため、筐体の内部の温度を上昇させることができる。そこで、特許文献１（特開２０１７−１６２７４６号公報）に記載の発明では、燃料利用率Ｕｆを上げるとともに水の投入量（Ｓ／Ｃ）も減らすことで、筐体の内部の温度を高温に保とうとしている。
つまり、燃料電池の出力電流が安定した状態で、改質部に供給する原燃料ガスの量及び改質用水の量を減少させることで、燃料利用率を上げながら、筐体の内部の温度を高温に保とうとしている。 When the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming portion is reduced, the amount of heat taken by the reforming water is reduced, so that the temperature inside the housing can be raised. Therefore, in the invention described in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-162746), the temperature inside the housing is raised to a high temperature by increasing the fuel utilization rate Uf and reducing the amount of water input (S / C). I'm trying to keep it.
In other words, while the output current of the fuel cell is stable, the temperature inside the housing can be raised while increasing the fuel utilization rate by reducing the amount of raw fuel gas and the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming section. I'm trying to keep it hot.

特開２０１７−１６２７４６号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-162746

但し、改質部に供給する原燃料ガスの量及び改質用水の量の減少を同時に開始しても、改質用水は気化してから水蒸気として改質部での改質処理に利用されるため、改質部では、原燃料ガスの減少の方が、水蒸気（改質用水）の減少よりも先に現れると考えてもよい。そのため、原燃料ガスの減少による筐体の内部の温度の低下が先に現れる可能性が高い。そして、場合によっては燃料電池の運転状態が不安定になる。 However, even if the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming section and the amount of reforming water are started to decrease at the same time, the reforming water is vaporized and then used as steam for the reforming process in the reforming section. Therefore, in the reforming section, it may be considered that the decrease in raw material and fuel gas appears before the decrease in steam (reforming water). Therefore, there is a high possibility that the temperature inside the housing will decrease due to the decrease in raw material and fuel gas. Then, in some cases, the operating state of the fuel cell becomes unstable.

本発明は、上記の課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、燃料電池の運転状態が安定したままで燃料利用率を上げることができる燃料電池装置を提供する点にある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell device capable of increasing the fuel utilization rate while keeping the operating state of the fuel cell stable.

上記目的を達成するための本発明に係る燃料電池装置の特徴構成は、原燃料ガスを水蒸気改質して水素を含む燃料ガスを生成する改質部と、
前記改質部で生成された前記燃料ガスが供給されるアノード及び酸素ガスが供給されるカソードを有する燃料電池と、
発電反応で用いられた後に前記アノードから排出される排出燃料ガスに含まれる前記燃料ガスを燃焼させ、その燃焼熱によって前記改質部を加熱する燃焼部と、
前記改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を調節する原燃料供給量調節部と、
前記改質部への改質用水の供給量を調節する水供給量調節部と、
前記カソード及び前記燃焼部への前記酸素ガスの供給量を調節する酸素供給量調節部と、
前記原燃料供給量調節部及び前記酸素供給量調節部及び前記水供給量調節部の動作を制御する運転制御部とを備え、
前記改質部と前記燃料電池と前記燃焼部とは筐体の内部に収容され、
前記運転制御部は、前記燃料電池の出力電流が安定した状態で、前記改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量まで減少させ且つ前記改質部への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量まで減少させることで前記燃料電池での燃料利用率を上昇させる燃料利用率上昇処理を行う場合、前記水供給量調節部の動作を制御して前記改質部への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後に所定の処理継続条件が満たされたか否かを判定し、前記処理継続条件が満たされた後に前記改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少を開始させる点にある。 The characteristic configuration of the fuel cell apparatus according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a reforming unit for steam reforming the raw material fuel gas to generate a fuel gas containing hydrogen.
A fuel cell having an anode to which the fuel gas is supplied and a cathode to which the oxygen gas is supplied generated in the reforming unit,
A combustion unit that burns the fuel gas contained in the exhaust fuel gas discharged from the anode after being used in a power generation reaction and heats the reforming unit by the combustion heat.
A raw fuel supply amount adjusting unit that adjusts the raw material fuel supply amount to the reforming unit,
A water supply amount adjusting unit that adjusts the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming unit,
An oxygen supply amount adjusting unit that adjusts the supply amount of the oxygen gas to the cathode and the combustion unit, and
It includes the raw material fuel supply amount adjusting unit, the oxygen supply amount adjusting unit, and an operation control unit that controls the operation of the water supply amount adjusting unit.
The reforming unit, the fuel cell, and the combustion unit are housed inside the housing.
The operation control unit reduces the supply amount of raw fuel gas to the reforming unit to the target raw material fuel supply amount in a state where the output current of the fuel cell is stable, and reforming water to the reforming unit. When the fuel utilization rate increasing process for increasing the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell is performed by reducing the supply amount to the target water supply amount, the operation of the water supply amount adjusting unit is controlled to the reforming unit. After starting to reduce the supply amount of reforming water, it is determined whether or not the predetermined treatment continuation condition is satisfied, and after the treatment continuation condition is satisfied, the supply amount of raw fuel gas to the reforming portion is reduced. Is at the point of starting.

上記特徴構成によれば、燃料電池の出力電流が安定した状態で、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量まで減少させ且つ改質部への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量まで減少させることで燃料電池での燃料利用率を上昇させる燃料利用率上昇処理を行うことで、燃料電池の効率を向上させることができる。
加えて、燃料利用率上昇処理を行う場合、改質部への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後に改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少を開始させる。つまり、改質部への改質用水の供給量を減少させて、筐体の内部の温度が上昇し得る状態にした後で、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を減少させる。その結果、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少に伴って筐体の内部の温度が低下傾向になるとしても、先に開始されている改質部への改質用水の供給量の減少に伴って筐体の内部の温度が上昇傾向になることと相殺されるため、筐体の内部の温度に大きな変化が生じないことが期待される。
従って、燃料電池の運転状態が安定したままで燃料利用率を上げることができる燃料電池装置を提供できる。 According to the above characteristic configuration, the supply amount of raw material fuel gas to the reforming part is reduced to the target raw material fuel supply amount and the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming part is in a state where the output current of the fuel cell is stable. The efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved by performing the fuel utilization rate increase treatment that increases the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell by reducing the amount of water supplied to the target amount.
In addition, when the fuel utilization rate increase treatment is performed, the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming section is started to decrease after the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming section is started to decrease. That is, after the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming section is reduced so that the temperature inside the housing can rise, the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming section is reduced. As a result, even if the temperature inside the housing tends to decrease as the supply amount of raw fuel gas to the reforming part decreases, the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming part started earlier. It is expected that the temperature inside the housing will not change significantly because the temperature inside the housing tends to rise as the temperature decreases.
Therefore, it is possible to provide a fuel cell device capable of increasing the fuel utilization rate while keeping the operating state of the fuel cell stable.

本発明に係る燃料電池装置の別の特徴構成は、前記筐体の内部の所定部位の温度を検出する内部温度検出部を備え、
前記運転制御部は、前記内部温度検出部が検出する前記筐体の内部の温度が所定期間連続して基準内部温度以上である場合、前記処理継続条件が満たされたと判定する点にある。 Another characteristic configuration of the fuel cell device according to the present invention includes an internal temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of a predetermined portion inside the housing.
The operation control unit determines that the processing continuation condition is satisfied when the temperature inside the housing detected by the internal temperature detection unit is continuously equal to or higher than the reference internal temperature for a predetermined period.

上記特徴構成によれば、燃料利用率上昇処理を行う場合、改質部への改質用水の供給量を減少させた後、筐体の内部の温度が所定期間連続して基準内部温度以上であるという処理継続条件が満たされた後で、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を減少させる。つまり、筐体の内部の温度が十分に安定して高い状態で、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少が行われる。その結果、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少に伴って筐体の内部の温度が低下傾向になるとしても、筐体の内部の温度が低くなり過ぎることを回避できる。 According to the above characteristic configuration, when the fuel utilization rate increase treatment is performed, after reducing the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming part, the temperature inside the housing is continuously above the reference internal temperature for a predetermined period. After the processing continuation condition of being present is satisfied, the supply amount of raw material fuel gas to the reforming part is reduced. That is, the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reformed portion is reduced while the temperature inside the housing is sufficiently stable and high. As a result, even if the temperature inside the housing tends to decrease as the amount of raw material fuel gas supplied to the reforming portion decreases, it is possible to prevent the temperature inside the housing from becoming too low.

本発明に係る燃料電池装置の更に別の特徴構成は、前記燃料電池の出力電圧を検出する出力電圧検出部を備え、
前記運転制御部は、前記改質部への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後、前記出力電圧検出部が検出する前記燃料電池の出力電圧が所定期間連続して基準電圧以上である場合、前記処理継続条件が満たされたと判定する点にある。 Yet another characteristic configuration of the fuel cell device according to the present invention includes an output voltage detection unit that detects the output voltage of the fuel cell.
After the operation control unit starts reducing the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming unit, the output voltage of the fuel cell detected by the output voltage detecting unit is continuously equal to or higher than the reference voltage for a predetermined period. In this case, it is determined that the processing continuation condition is satisfied.

上記特徴構成によれば、燃料利用率上昇処理を行う場合、改質部への改質用水の供給量を減少させた後、燃料電池の出力電圧が所定期間連続して基準電圧以上であるという処理継続条件が満たされた後で、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を減少させる。つまり、燃料電池の出力電圧が十分に安定して高い状態、即ち、燃料電池の運転状態が安定した状態で、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少が行われる。その結果、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少に伴って筐体の内部の温度が低下傾向になるとしても、燃料電池の運転状態が悪化することを回避できる。 According to the above characteristic configuration, when the fuel utilization rate increase treatment is performed, the output voltage of the fuel cell is continuously equal to or higher than the reference voltage for a predetermined period after reducing the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming section. After the processing continuation condition is satisfied, the supply amount of raw material fuel gas to the reforming part is reduced. That is, the supply amount of the raw fuel gas to the reforming section is reduced in a state where the output voltage of the fuel cell is sufficiently stable and high, that is, in a state where the operating state of the fuel cell is stable. As a result, even if the temperature inside the housing tends to decrease as the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming portion decreases, it is possible to avoid deterioration of the operating state of the fuel cell.

本発明に係る燃料電池装置の更に別の特徴構成は、前記運転制御部は、所定の待機時間が経過した場合、前記処理継続条件が満たされたと判定する点にある。 Yet another characteristic configuration of the fuel cell device according to the present invention is that the operation control unit determines that the processing continuation condition is satisfied when a predetermined standby time elapses.

上記特徴構成によれば、燃料利用率上昇処理を行う場合、改質部への改質用水の供給量を減少させた後、所定の待機時間が経過したという処理継続条件が満たされた後で、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を減少させる。つまり、改質部への改質用水の供給量を減少させて所定の待機時間が経過することで筐体の内部の温度が上昇し得る状態にした後で、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少が行われる。その結果、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少に伴って筐体の内部の温度が低下傾向になるとしても、先に開始されている改質部への改質用水の供給量の減少に伴って筐体の内部の温度が上昇傾向になることと相殺されるため、筐体の内部の温度に大きな変化が生じないことが期待される。 According to the above characteristic configuration, when the fuel utilization rate increase treatment is performed, after the treatment continuation condition that a predetermined waiting time has elapsed after reducing the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming section is satisfied. , Reduce the supply of raw material fuel gas to the reforming part. That is, after the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming section is reduced so that the temperature inside the housing can rise after a predetermined standby time elapses, the raw fuel gas to the reforming section The supply of gas is reduced. As a result, even if the temperature inside the housing tends to decrease as the supply amount of raw fuel gas to the reforming part decreases, the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming part started earlier. It is expected that the temperature inside the housing will not change significantly because the temperature inside the housing tends to rise as the temperature decreases.

本発明に係る燃料電池装置の更に別の特徴構成は、前記燃料電池の出力電力及び出力電流のうちの少なくとも出力電流を出力情報として検出する出力情報検出部を備え、
前記運転制御部は、前記出力情報検出部の検出結果に基づいて前記燃料電池の前記出力情報が前記燃料利用率上昇処理を行う条件を満たしたと判定した場合に当該燃料利用率上昇処理を行う点にある。 Yet another characteristic configuration of the fuel cell device according to the present invention includes an output information detection unit that detects at least the output current of the output power and output current of the fuel cell as output information.
The operation control unit performs the fuel utilization rate increase process when it is determined that the output information of the fuel cell satisfies the condition for performing the fuel utilization rate increase process based on the detection result of the output information detection unit. It is in.

例えば燃料電池の出力が低すぎる場合や変動している場合などでは、燃料利用率を上昇させるために改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量まで減少させ且つ改質部への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量まで減少させることを行うと、燃料電池の運転状態が不安定になる可能性がある。
そこで本特徴構成では、運転制御部は、出力情報検出部の検出結果に基づいて燃料電池の出力情報が燃料利用率上昇処理を行う条件を満たしたと判定した場合に燃料利用率上昇処理を行う。つまり、燃料電池の出力が所定の条件を満たす場合にのみ燃料利用率上昇処理を行うことで、燃料電池の運転状態が不安定になる可能性を低くできる。 For example, when the output of the fuel cell is too low or fluctuates, the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming section is reduced to the target amount of raw fuel supply in order to increase the fuel utilization rate, and the reforming section If the amount of reforming water supplied to the fuel cell is reduced to the target amount of water supply, the operating condition of the fuel cell may become unstable.
Therefore, in this feature configuration, the operation control unit performs the fuel utilization rate increase process when it is determined that the output information of the fuel cell satisfies the condition for performing the fuel utilization rate increase process based on the detection result of the output information detection unit. That is, the possibility that the operating state of the fuel cell becomes unstable can be reduced by performing the fuel utilization rate increase process only when the output of the fuel cell satisfies a predetermined condition.

本発明に係る燃料電池装置の更に別の特徴構成は、前記運転制御部は、前記出力情報検出部の検出結果に基づいて、前記燃料電池が定格出力で設定期間動作した場合に前記燃料利用率上昇処理を行う条件を満たしたと判定する点にある。
ここで、前記運転制御部は、前記燃料利用率上昇処理を行っている間に前記燃料電池の出力が定格出力ではなくなった場合、前記燃料利用率上昇処理を中止して、前記燃料電池での燃料利用率が元の値に戻るように前記改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量と前記改質部への改質用水の供給量を調節してもよい。 Another characteristic configuration of the fuel cell device according to the present invention is that the operation control unit operates the fuel cell at the rated output for a set period based on the detection result of the output information detection unit, and the fuel utilization rate is the same. The point is that it is determined that the conditions for performing the ascending process are satisfied.
Here, if the output of the fuel cell is no longer the rated output during the fuel utilization rate increase process, the operation control unit stops the fuel utilization rate increase process and uses the fuel cell. The amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming section and the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming section may be adjusted so that the fuel utilization rate returns to the original value.

上記特徴構成によれば、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量が十分に多い状態が安定して設定期間経過し且つ改質部への改質用水の供給量が十分に多い状態が安定して設定期間経過した場合に燃料利用率上昇処理が行われる。つまり、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を減少させることによる影響が小さく且つ改質部への改質用水の供給量を減少させることによる影響が小さい状況で燃料利用率上昇処理が行われる。その結果、燃料利用率上昇処理を行うことで燃料電池の運転状態が不安定になる可能性を低くできる。 According to the above characteristic configuration, the state where the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming part is sufficiently large is stable and the set period has elapsed, and the state where the supply amount of the reforming water to the reforming part is sufficiently large is stable. When the set period elapses, the fuel utilization rate increase process is performed. In other words, the fuel utilization rate increase treatment is performed in a situation where the effect of reducing the supply amount of raw fuel gas to the reforming section is small and the effect of reducing the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming section is small. Will be. As a result, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the operating state of the fuel cell becomes unstable by performing the fuel utilization rate increase process.

本発明に係る燃料電池装置の更に別の特徴構成は、前記運転制御部は、前記燃料利用率上昇処理において、前記改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を前記目標原燃料供給量まで段階的に減少させる点にある。 Another characteristic configuration of the fuel cell device according to the present invention is that the operation control unit steps the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming part up to the target raw material fuel supply amount in the fuel utilization rate increase process. The point is to reduce the fuel.

上記特徴構成によれば、燃料利用率上昇処理において、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少が段階的に行われるので、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を減少することに伴って筐体の内部の温度が低下することも段階的に発生する。つまり、改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量まで減少させる場合に筐体の内部の温度が急激に変化することが回避される。その結果、燃料電池の運転状態が不安定になることを回避できる。 According to the above characteristic configuration, in the fuel utilization rate increase process, the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming part is gradually reduced, so that the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming part is reduced. As a result, the temperature inside the housing may decrease in stages. That is, when the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming part is reduced to the target raw material fuel supply amount, it is possible to avoid a sudden change in the temperature inside the housing. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operating state of the fuel cell from becoming unstable.

本発明に係る燃料電池装置の更に別の特徴構成は、前記運転制御部は、前記燃料利用率上昇処理において、前記改質部への改質用水の供給量を前記目標水供給量まで段階的に減少させる点にある。 Yet another characteristic configuration of the fuel cell device according to the present invention is that the operation control unit steps the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming unit to the target water supply amount in the fuel utilization rate increase treatment. It is in the point of reducing to.

上記特徴構成によれば、燃料利用率上昇処理において、改質部への改質用水の供給量の減少が段階的に行われるので、改質部への改質用水の供給量を減少することに伴って筐体の内部の温度が上昇することも段階的に発生する。つまり、改質部への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量まで減少させる場合に筐体の内部の温度が急激に変化することが回避される。その結果、燃料電池の運転状態が不安定になることを回避できる。 According to the above characteristic configuration, in the fuel utilization rate increase treatment, the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming section is gradually reduced, so that the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming section is reduced. Along with this, the temperature inside the housing also rises in stages. That is, when the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming portion is reduced to the target water supply amount, it is possible to avoid a sudden change in the temperature inside the housing. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operating state of the fuel cell from becoming unstable.

本発明に係る燃料電池装置の更に別の特徴構成は、前記筐体の内部の所定部位の温度を検出する内部温度検出部を備え、
前記運転制御部は、前記燃料利用率上昇処理を行っている間、前記内部温度検出部が検出する温度が目標内部温度に近づくように、前記酸素供給量調節部の動作を制御する点にある。 Yet another characteristic configuration of the fuel cell device according to the present invention includes an internal temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of a predetermined portion inside the housing.
The operation control unit controls the operation of the oxygen supply amount adjusting unit so that the temperature detected by the internal temperature detection unit approaches the target internal temperature during the fuel utilization rate increase processing. ..

酸素供給量調節部によって酸素ガスの単位時間当たりの供給量を増加すると筐体の内部の温度は低下傾向になり、酸素供給量調節部によって酸素ガスの単位時間当たりの供給量を減少すると筐体の内部の温度は上昇傾向になる。
そこで本特徴構成では、燃料利用率上昇処理を行っている間、酸素供給量調節部の動作を制御することで、内部温度検出部が検出する温度を目標内部温度に近づけることができる。 When the oxygen supply amount adjustment part increases the supply amount of oxygen gas per unit time, the temperature inside the housing tends to decrease, and when the oxygen supply amount adjustment part reduces the supply amount of oxygen gas per unit time, the housing The temperature inside the gas tends to rise.
Therefore, in this feature configuration, the temperature detected by the internal temperature detection unit can be brought close to the target internal temperature by controlling the operation of the oxygen supply amount adjusting unit during the fuel utilization rate increase processing.

燃料電池装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the fuel cell apparatus. 燃料電池の出力電流と燃料電池での燃料利用率との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the output current of a fuel cell, and the fuel utilization rate in a fuel cell. 燃料電池の出力電流と改質部での改質処理のＳ／Ｃとの関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the output current of a fuel cell and the S / C of the reforming process in a reforming part. 第１実施形態の燃料利用率上昇処理を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the fuel utilization rate increase processing of 1st Embodiment. 第２実施形態の燃料利用率上昇処理を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the fuel utilization rate increase processing of 2nd Embodiment.

＜第１実施形態＞
以下に図面を参照して本発明の第１実施形態に係る燃料電池装置について説明する。
図１は、燃料電池装置の構成を示す図である。燃料電池装置は、原燃料ガスを水蒸気改質して水素を含む燃料ガスを生成する改質部７と、改質部７で生成された燃料ガスが供給されるアノード９ａ及び酸素ガスが供給されるカソード９ｂを有する燃料電池１０と、発電反応で用いられた後にアノード９ａから排出される排出燃料ガスに含まれる燃料ガスを燃焼させ、その燃焼熱によって改質部７を加熱する燃焼部１１とを備える。加えて、燃料電池装置は、原燃料供給量調節部２と、水供給量調節部４と、酸素供給量調節部１５と、出力情報検出部２０と、運転制御部１６とを備える。本実施形態では、筐体１の内部に改質部７と燃料電池１０と燃焼部１１とが収容される。加えて、筐体１の内部には、供給される改質用水を気化する気化部６も収容されている。燃焼部１１で発生した燃焼熱は気化部６にも与えられる。 <First Embodiment>
The fuel cell device according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell device. The fuel cell apparatus is supplied with a reforming unit 7 that steam reforms the raw material fuel gas to generate a fuel gas containing hydrogen, an anode 9a to which the fuel gas generated by the reforming unit 7 is supplied, and oxygen gas. A fuel cell 10 having a cathode 9b and a combustion unit 11 that burns a fuel gas contained in an exhaust fuel gas discharged from an anode 9a after being used in a power generation reaction and heats a reforming unit 7 by the combustion heat. To be equipped. In addition, the fuel cell device includes a raw material fuel supply amount adjusting unit 2, a water supply amount adjusting unit 4, an oxygen supply amount adjusting unit 15, an output information detecting unit 20, and an operation control unit 16. In the present embodiment, the reforming unit 7, the fuel cell 10, and the combustion unit 11 are housed inside the housing 1. In addition, a vaporizing unit 6 that vaporizes the supplied reforming water is also housed inside the housing 1. The combustion heat generated in the combustion unit 11 is also given to the vaporization unit 6.

燃料電池１０は、改質部７で生成された水素を主成分とする燃料ガスが供給されるアノード９ａと酸素ガス（空気）が供給されるカソード９ｂとを備えた固体酸化物形のセル９を複数個電気的に直列接続した状態で備えたセルスタックにて構成されている。図示は省略するが、セル９は、アノード９ａとカソード９ｂとの間に固体電解質層を備えた固体酸化物形で構成される。アノード９ａには燃料ガスが通流するように構成され、カソード９ｂには空気が通流するように構成される。燃料電池１０は、複数のセル９がアノード９ａの燃料ガス排出口（図示せず）及びカソード９ｂの空気排出口（図示せず）が上向きになる姿勢で横方向に並ぶ状態で、筐体１の内部に設置されている。尚、セル９の形状や構造は図１に例示したものに限定されない。 The fuel cell 10 is a solid oxide fuel cell 9 having an anode 9a to which a fuel gas containing hydrogen as a main component generated in the reforming unit 7 is supplied and a cathode 9b to which oxygen gas (air) is supplied. It is composed of a cell stack provided with a plurality of electrically connected in series. Although not shown, the cell 9 is composed of a solid oxide fuel cell having a solid electrolyte layer between the anode 9a and the cathode 9b. The anode 9a is configured to allow fuel gas to pass through, and the cathode 9b is configured to allow air to pass through. The fuel cell 10 has a plurality of cells 9 arranged side by side in a posture in which the fuel gas discharge port (not shown) of the anode 9a and the air discharge port (not shown) of the cathode 9b are facing upward. It is installed inside the. The shape and structure of the cell 9 are not limited to those illustrated in FIG.

燃料電池１０には、改質部７から燃料ガス流路８を通して供給される燃料ガスを受け入れるガスマニホールド２１が設けられる。複数のセル９は、ガスマニホールド２１の上方側に上述のように並ぶ状態で配置され、ガスマニホールド２１と複数のセル９におけるアノード９ａの下端のガス導入口（図示せず）とが連通接続されている。そして、ガスマニホールド２１に供給された燃料ガスが、複数のセル９の夫々のアノード９ａに対して下端のガス導入口から供給され、各アノード９ａに対して下方側から上方側に通流して発電反応に供される。発電反応に供された後の燃料ガスは、上端の燃料ガス排出口から排出燃料ガスとして排出される。アノード９ａから排出される排出燃料ガスには、発電反応で用いられなかった燃料ガスも含まれている。 The fuel cell 10 is provided with a gas manifold 21 that receives fuel gas supplied from the reforming unit 7 through the fuel gas flow path 8. The plurality of cells 9 are arranged on the upper side of the gas manifold 21 in a state of being lined up as described above, and the gas manifold 21 and the gas introduction port (not shown) at the lower end of the anode 9a in the plurality of cells 9 are communicatively connected. ing. Then, the fuel gas supplied to the gas manifold 21 is supplied from the gas introduction port at the lower end to each anode 9a of the plurality of cells 9, and flows from the lower side to the upper side to each anode 9a to generate electricity. Subject to reaction. The fuel gas after being subjected to the power generation reaction is discharged as exhaust fuel gas from the fuel gas outlet at the upper end. The discharged fuel gas discharged from the anode 9a also includes fuel gas that was not used in the power generation reaction.

筐体１には、空気導入口２２が設けられ、ブロアなどを用いて実現される酸素供給量調節部１５によって、酸素ガス（空気）がその空気導入口２２を介して筐体１内に供給される。複数のセル９の夫々におけるカソード９ｂの下端部近傍には、筐体１内とカソード９ｂとを連通する空気供給孔（図示せず）が設けられている。複数のセル９の夫々のカソード９ｂには筐体１内の空気がこの空気供給孔を通して供給され、各カソード９ｂに対して下方側から上方側に通流して発電反応に供される。発電反応に供された後の空気は、上端の空気排出口から排出酸素ガスとして排出される。また、筐体１の内部に供給された酸素ガス（空気）は、排出燃料ガスを燃焼部１１で燃焼させるためにも利用される。つまり、酸素供給量調節部１５は、カソード９ｂ及び燃焼部１１への酸素ガスの供給量を調節する役割を担う。
酸素供給量調節部１５の動作は運転制御部１６が制御する。 An air introduction port 22 is provided in the housing 1, and oxygen gas (air) is supplied into the housing 1 via the air introduction port 22 by an oxygen supply amount adjusting unit 15 realized by using a blower or the like. Will be done. An air supply hole (not shown) for communicating the inside of the housing 1 and the cathode 9b is provided in the vicinity of the lower end portion of the cathode 9b in each of the plurality of cells 9. The air in the housing 1 is supplied to each of the cathodes 9b of the plurality of cells 9 through the air supply holes, and flows from the lower side to the upper side with respect to each cathode 9b to be subjected to a power generation reaction. The air after being subjected to the power generation reaction is discharged as exhaust oxygen gas from the air outlet at the upper end. The oxygen gas (air) supplied to the inside of the housing 1 is also used to burn the discharged fuel gas in the combustion unit 11. That is, the oxygen supply amount adjusting unit 15 plays a role of adjusting the supply amount of oxygen gas to the cathode 9b and the combustion unit 11.
The operation of the oxygen supply amount adjusting unit 15 is controlled by the operation control unit 16.

燃料電池１０の上方には、各セル９のアノード９ａの燃料ガス排出口から排出される排出燃料ガスを燃焼させる燃焼空間が形成される。この燃焼空間が燃焼部１１となる。気化部６と改質部７とが燃料電池１０の上方の燃焼空間（燃焼部１１）に隣接して設けられており、燃焼熱によって改質部７及び気化部６が加熱される。 A combustion space for burning the discharged fuel gas discharged from the fuel gas discharge port of the anode 9a of each cell 9 is formed above the fuel cell 10. This combustion space becomes the combustion unit 11. The vaporization section 6 and the reforming section 7 are provided adjacent to the combustion space (combustion section 11) above the fuel cell 10, and the reforming section 7 and the reforming section 6 are heated by the combustion heat.

筐体１には、燃焼部１１にて発生した燃焼排ガスを外部に排出させる排出部２３が下面部等に形成されている。そして、筐体１内には、筐体１の内部から排気される、燃焼部１１で発生した燃焼排ガスを含む排気ガスに含まれる燃料ガスを触媒燃焼する燃焼触媒部１２が設けられている。 The housing 1 is formed on the lower surface portion or the like with a discharge portion 23 for discharging the combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion portion 11 to the outside. A combustion catalyst unit 12 is provided in the housing 1 to catalytically burn the fuel gas contained in the exhaust gas including the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit 11 exhausted from the inside of the housing 1.

気化部６には、原燃料ガスが供給される原燃料流路３と、改質用水が供給される改質用水流路５とが接続される。そして、気化部６の内部に、原燃料ガス及び改質用水が供給される。そして、気化部６へ供給された原燃料ガス及び改質用水は、全て改質部７へ供給される。原燃料流路３には、気化部６への原燃料ガスの単位時間当たりの供給量（即ち、改質部７への原燃料ガスの単位時間当たりの供給量）を調節する原燃料供給量調節部２が設けられる。改質用水流路５には、気化部６への改質用水の単位時間当たりの供給量（即ち、改質部７への改質用水の単位時間当たりの供給量）を調節する水供給量調節部４が設けられる。
燃料電池装置が備える原燃料供給量調節部２及び水供給量調節部４の動作は運転制御部１６が制御する。 The vaporization unit 6 is connected to a raw fuel flow path 3 to which the raw fuel gas is supplied and a reforming water flow path 5 to which the reforming water is supplied. Then, the raw material fuel gas and the reforming water are supplied to the inside of the vaporization unit 6. Then, the raw fuel gas and the reforming water supplied to the vaporization section 6 are all supplied to the reforming section 7. The raw material and fuel flow path 3 is supplied with raw material and fuel for adjusting the amount of raw material and fuel gas supplied to the vaporizing unit 6 per unit time (that is, the amount of raw material and fuel gas supplied to the reforming unit 7 per unit time). The adjusting unit 2 is provided. The amount of water supplied to the reforming water channel 5 for adjusting the amount of reforming water supplied to the vaporization section 6 per unit time (that is, the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming section 7 per unit time). The adjusting unit 4 is provided.
The operation control unit 16 controls the operations of the raw material fuel supply amount adjusting unit 2 and the water supply amount adjusting unit 4 included in the fuel cell device.

本実施形態において、原燃料供給量調節部２によって気化部６への原燃料ガスの単位時間当たりの供給量を調節することを、改質部７への原燃料ガスの単位時間当たりの供給量を調節する、と記載することもある。また、水供給量調節部４によって気化部６への改質用水の単位時間当たりの供給量を調節することを、改質部７への改質用水の単位時間当たりの供給量を調節する、と記載することもある。 In the present embodiment, adjusting the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the vaporization unit 6 per unit time by the raw material fuel supply amount adjusting unit 2 means that the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 per unit time is adjusted. May be described as adjusting. Further, the water supply amount adjusting unit 4 adjusts the supply amount of the reforming water to the vaporization unit 6 per unit time, and the water supply amount adjusting unit 4 adjusts the supply amount of the reforming water to the reforming unit 7 per unit time. It may be described as.

気化部６では、供給される改質用水を、燃焼部１１から伝えられる燃焼熱を用いて加熱して蒸発させる。更に、気化部６では、改質用水の蒸発によって生成された水蒸気と、供給される原燃料ガスとが混合される。 The vaporization unit 6 heats and evaporates the supplied reforming water using the combustion heat transmitted from the combustion unit 11. Further, in the vaporization unit 6, the steam generated by the evaporation of the reforming water and the supplied raw material fuel gas are mixed.

改質部７は、供給される原燃料ガスを気化部６にて生成された水蒸気を用いて改質処理する。具体的には、改質部７の内部には改質触媒が充填されており、この改質触媒の触媒作用によって原燃料ガスが改質処理される。
改質部７に供給される原燃料ガスの量及び水蒸気の量を調節することで改質部７での燃料ガスの生成量、即ち、改質部７からアノード９ａへの燃料ガスの供給量が調節される。 The reforming unit 7 reforms the supplied raw material fuel gas using the steam generated in the vaporization unit 6. Specifically, the reforming section 7 is filled with a reforming catalyst, and the raw material fuel gas is reformed by the catalytic action of the reforming catalyst.
By adjusting the amount of raw fuel gas and the amount of steam supplied to the reforming unit 7, the amount of fuel gas produced by the reforming unit 7, that is, the amount of fuel gas supplied from the reforming unit 7 to the anode 9a. Is adjusted.

燃料電池１０には、例えばインバータ装置などの電力変換装置（図示せず）が接続されており、この電力変換装置を介して、燃料電池１０の発電電力が様々な電力消費装置に供給される。 A power conversion device (not shown) such as an inverter device is connected to the fuel cell 10, and the generated power of the fuel cell 10 is supplied to various power consumption devices via the power conversion device.

本実施形態では、燃料電池１０のセルスタックの出力電圧を検出する出力電圧検出部１８と、燃料電池１０のセルスタックの出力電流を検出する出力電流検出部１９とが設けられる。これら出力電圧検出部１８及び出力電流検出部１９は、燃料電池１０の出力電力及び出力電流のうちの少なくとも出力電流を出力情報として検出する出力情報検出部２０として利用される。出力電圧検出部１８の検出結果及び出力電流検出部１９の検出結果は運転制御部１６に伝達される。 In the present embodiment, an output voltage detection unit 18 for detecting the output voltage of the cell stack of the fuel cell 10 and an output current detection unit 19 for detecting the output current of the cell stack of the fuel cell 10 are provided. The output voltage detection unit 18 and the output current detection unit 19 are used as an output information detection unit 20 that detects at least the output current of the output power and the output current of the fuel cell 10 as output information. The detection result of the output voltage detection unit 18 and the detection result of the output current detection unit 19 are transmitted to the operation control unit 16.

燃料電池装置の筐体１の内部には、その筐体１の内部の温度を検出する内部温度検出部１３が設けられる。内部温度検出部１３が検出する温度は、例えば筐体１の内部での燃料電池１０の周囲の温度である。内部温度検出部１３の検出結果は運転制御部１６に伝達される。 Inside the housing 1 of the fuel cell device, an internal temperature detecting unit 13 for detecting the temperature inside the housing 1 is provided. The temperature detected by the internal temperature detection unit 13 is, for example, the temperature around the fuel cell 10 inside the housing 1. The detection result of the internal temperature detection unit 13 is transmitted to the operation control unit 16.

燃料電池１０では電力変換装置に出力される出力電流に応じた発電反応（即ち、出力電流に応じた燃料ガスの消費）が行われる。尚、燃料電池１０の出力電流が所望の値になるためには、燃料電池１０のアノード９ａに対して適切な量の燃料ガスが供給されていること及びカソード９ｂに対して適切な量の酸素ガスが供給されていることが必要である。そのため、運転制御部１６は、原燃料供給量調節部２及び水供給量調節部４の動作を制御して改質部７へ供給される原燃料の量及び改質用水の量を調節することで、改質部７で生成される燃料ガスの量、即ち、改質部７から燃料電池１０のアノード９ａに供給される燃料ガスの量を調節する。また、運転制御部１６は、酸素供給量調節部１５の動作を制御して、燃料電池１０のカソード９ｂに供給される酸素ガスの量を調節する。 In the fuel cell 10, a power generation reaction (that is, consumption of fuel gas according to the output current) is performed according to the output current output to the power conversion device. In order for the output current of the fuel cell 10 to reach a desired value, an appropriate amount of fuel gas is supplied to the anode 9a of the fuel cell 10 and an appropriate amount of oxygen is supplied to the cathode 9b. It is necessary that gas is supplied. Therefore, the operation control unit 16 controls the operations of the raw material fuel supply amount adjusting unit 2 and the water supply amount adjusting unit 4 to adjust the amount of raw fuel supplied to the reforming unit 7 and the amount of reforming water. Then, the amount of fuel gas generated by the reforming unit 7, that is, the amount of fuel gas supplied from the reforming unit 7 to the anode 9a of the fuel cell 10 is adjusted. Further, the operation control unit 16 controls the operation of the oxygen supply amount adjusting unit 15 to adjust the amount of oxygen gas supplied to the cathode 9b of the fuel cell 10.

図２は、燃料電池１０の出力電流Ｉと燃料電池１０での燃料利用率Ｕｆとの関係を示すグラフである。図３は、燃料電池１０の出力電流Ｉと改質部７での改質処理のＳ／Ｃとの関係を示すグラフである。図２に示すような燃料電池１０の出力電流Ｉと燃料電池１０での燃料利用率Ｕｆとの関係、及び、図３に示すような燃料電池１０の出力電流Ｉと改質部７での改質処理のＳ／Ｃとの関係は、運転制御部１６が参照可能な状態で記憶部１７に記憶されている。本実施形態において、燃料利用率Ｕｆは、アノード９ａに供給される燃料ガスの量に対応する原燃料ガスの量（即ち、改質部７に供給される原燃料ガスの量）に対する、アノード９ａで発電反応に用いられる燃料ガスの量に対応する原燃料ガスの量の比率であり、Ｓ／Ｃは、改質部７に供給される原燃料中のカーボンに対する水蒸気のモル比である。 FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the output current I of the fuel cell 10 and the fuel utilization rate Uf of the fuel cell 10. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the output current I of the fuel cell 10 and the S / C of the reforming process in the reforming unit 7. The relationship between the output current I of the fuel cell 10 and the fuel utilization rate Uf in the fuel cell 10 as shown in FIG. 2, and the output current I of the fuel cell 10 and the modification in the reforming unit 7 as shown in FIG. The relationship between the quality processing and the S / C is stored in the storage unit 17 in a state in which the operation control unit 16 can refer to it. In the present embodiment, the fuel utilization rate Uf is the anode 9a with respect to the amount of raw fuel gas corresponding to the amount of fuel gas supplied to the anode 9a (that is, the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming unit 7). It is the ratio of the amount of raw material fuel gas corresponding to the amount of fuel gas used for the power generation reaction, and S / C is the molar ratio of water vapor to carbon in the raw material supplied to the reforming unit 7.

そして、運転制御部１６は、出力電流検出部１９で検出される出力電流と、燃料利用率の目標値を出力電流の関数として定めている図２の基準燃料利用率特性曲線と、Ｓ／Ｃの目標値を出力電流の関数として定めている図３の基準Ｓ／Ｃ特性曲線とに基づいて、原燃料供給量調節部２及び水供給量調節部４の動作を制御して改質部７（気化部６）への原燃料ガス及び改質用水の供給量を調節することで、改質部７での燃料ガスの生成量、即ち、改質部７からアノード９ａへの燃料ガスの供給量を調節する。 Then, the operation control unit 16 sets the output current detected by the output current detection unit 19, the reference fuel utilization characteristic curve of FIG. 2 in which the target value of the fuel utilization rate is set as a function of the output current, and the S / C. Based on the reference S / C characteristic curve of FIG. 3, which defines the target value of the above as a function of the output current, the reforming unit 7 controls the operations of the raw material fuel supply amount adjusting unit 2 and the water supply amount adjusting unit 4. By adjusting the supply amount of raw fuel gas and reforming water to (vaporization section 6), the amount of fuel gas produced by the reforming section 7, that is, the supply of fuel gas from the reforming section 7 to the anode 9a. Adjust the amount.

以下に、改質部７（気化部６）に供給する原燃料ガスの量及び水蒸気の量が運転制御部１６により決定される場合の手順例について説明する。
先ず、出力電流Ｉが決まると、その出力電流Ｉを燃料電池１０で発生させるのに要する燃料ガスの量が決まる。つまり、燃料電池１０のアノード９ａで発電反応に用いられる燃料ガスの量が決まる。また、図２に示したように、出力電流Ｉが決まると、燃料利用率Ｕｆが決まる。その結果、燃料電池１０のアノード９ａで発電反応に用いられる燃料ガスの量と、燃料利用率とから、燃料電池１０のアノード９ａで発電反応に用いられずに排出される排出燃料ガス中の燃料ガスの量も決まる。従って、出力電流Ｉに対して、図２の基準燃料利用率特性曲線で決定される燃料利用率を満たすための、燃料電池１０のアノード９ａに供給する必要がある燃料ガスの量（発電反応に用いられる燃料ガスの量、及び、発電反応に用いられずに排出される排出燃料ガス中の燃料ガスの量の合計）が決まる。そして、その燃料電池１０のアノード９ａに供給する必要がある燃料ガスの量は、改質部７で生成するべき燃料ガスの量であるので、その燃料ガスを生成するために必要な、改質部７（気化部６）に供給する原燃料ガスの量が決まる。 An example of a procedure when the amount of raw material fuel gas and the amount of steam supplied to the reforming unit 7 (vaporization unit 6) is determined by the operation control unit 16 will be described below.
First, when the output current I is determined, the amount of fuel gas required to generate the output current I in the fuel cell 10 is determined. That is, the amount of fuel gas used for the power generation reaction is determined by the anode 9a of the fuel cell 10. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, when the output current I is determined, the fuel utilization rate Uf is determined. As a result, based on the amount of fuel gas used for the power generation reaction at the anode 9a of the fuel cell 10 and the fuel utilization rate, the fuel in the discharged fuel gas discharged without being used for the power generation reaction at the anode 9a of the fuel cell 10 The amount of gas is also determined. Therefore, the amount of fuel gas that needs to be supplied to the anode 9a of the fuel cell 10 in order to satisfy the fuel utilization rate determined by the reference fuel utilization rate characteristic curve of FIG. 2 with respect to the output current I (for the power generation reaction). The amount of fuel gas used and the total amount of fuel gas in the discharged fuel gas discharged without being used in the power generation reaction) are determined. Then, since the amount of fuel gas that needs to be supplied to the anode 9a of the fuel cell 10 is the amount of fuel gas that should be generated by the reforming unit 7, reforming that is necessary to generate the fuel gas. The amount of raw material fuel gas supplied to the part 7 (vaporization part 6) is determined.

図３に示したように、出力電流Ｉが決まると、Ｓ／Ｃが決まる。上述したように、出力電流Ｉに応じた、改質部７に供給する原燃料ガスの量が決まるので、その原燃料ガスの量と、図３の基準Ｓ／Ｃ特性曲線とで決定されるＳ／Ｃを満たすための、改質部７（気化部６）に供給する必要のある水蒸気（改質用水）の量が決まる。 As shown in FIG. 3, when the output current I is determined, the S / C is determined. As described above, since the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming unit 7 is determined according to the output current I, it is determined by the amount of the raw fuel gas and the reference S / C characteristic curve of FIG. The amount of steam (reforming water) that needs to be supplied to the reforming unit 7 (vaporizing unit 6) to satisfy the S / C is determined.

次に、燃料電池１０の運転状態が安定したままで燃料利用率を上げる場合の燃料電池装置の運転方法について説明する。 Next, an operation method of the fuel cell device when the fuel utilization rate is increased while the operating state of the fuel cell 10 is stable will be described.

燃料電池１０で発電を行う場合、その効率を向上させるためには燃料利用率を上昇させるという手法がある。例えば、燃料電池１０の出力電流が安定した状態で燃料利用率を上昇させるためには、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を減少させればよい。但し、その場合には、燃焼部１１で燃焼される、燃料電池１０の発電反応で消費されずに排出される排出燃料ガス中の燃料ガスの量が減少するため、燃料電池１０の筐体１の内部の温度が低下するという問題がある。尚、改質部７への改質用水の供給量を減少させると、燃料電池１０の筐体１の内部の温度を上昇させることができるが、改質部７に供給する原燃料ガスの量及び改質用水の量を減少させる場合、先に改質部７への燃料ガスの供給量を減らすと、燃料電池１０の筐体１の内部の温度が下がる現象が先に出て燃料電池１０の運転状態が不安定になる可能性がある。但し、改質部７に供給する原燃料ガスの量及び改質用水の量の減少を同時に開始しても、改質用水は気化してから水蒸気として改質部７での改質処理に利用されるため、改質部７では、原燃料ガスの減少の方が、水蒸気（改質用水）の減少よりも先に現れると考えてもよい。そのため、原燃料ガスの減少による筐体１の内部の温度の低下が先に現れる可能性が高い。そして、場合によっては燃料電池１０の運転状態が不安定になる。 When power is generated by the fuel cell 10, there is a method of increasing the fuel utilization rate in order to improve the efficiency. For example, in order to increase the fuel utilization rate in a state where the output current of the fuel cell 10 is stable, the supply amount of the raw fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 may be reduced. However, in that case, since the amount of fuel gas in the discharged fuel gas that is burned in the combustion unit 11 and is discharged without being consumed by the power generation reaction of the fuel cell 10 is reduced, the housing 1 of the fuel cell 10 There is a problem that the temperature inside the fuel cell drops. By reducing the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming section 7, the temperature inside the housing 1 of the fuel cell 10 can be raised, but the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming section 7. When reducing the amount of reforming water, if the amount of fuel gas supplied to the reforming section 7 is reduced first, the phenomenon that the temperature inside the housing 1 of the fuel cell 10 drops first appears and the fuel cell 10 The operating condition of the vehicle may become unstable. However, even if the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming section 7 and the amount of reforming water are started to decrease at the same time, the reforming water is vaporized and then used as steam for the reforming process in the reforming section 7. Therefore, in the reforming section 7, it may be considered that the decrease in raw material and fuel gas appears before the decrease in steam (reforming water). Therefore, there is a high possibility that the temperature inside the housing 1 will decrease due to the decrease in raw material and fuel gas. Then, in some cases, the operating state of the fuel cell 10 becomes unstable.

図４は、第１実施形態の燃料利用率上昇処理を説明する図である。具体的には、図４は、改質部７（気化部６）への原燃料ガスの単位時間当たりの供給量及び改質用水の単位時間当たりの供給量の推移を示す図である。具体的には、運転制御部１６が行う燃料利用率上昇処理は、燃料電池１０の出力電流が安定した状態で、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量まで減少させ且つ改質部７への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量まで減少させることで燃料電池１０での燃料利用率を上昇させる処理である。つまり、この燃料利用率上昇処理は、燃料電池１０の出力電流が変化している間には行われない。 FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the fuel utilization rate increase processing of the first embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing changes in the supply amount of raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 (vaporization unit 6) per unit time and the supply amount of reforming water per unit time. Specifically, the fuel utilization rate increase process performed by the operation control unit 16 reduces the supply amount of raw fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 to the target raw fuel supply amount while the output current of the fuel cell 10 is stable. This is a process for increasing the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell 10 by reducing the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming unit 7 to the target water supply amount. That is, this fuel utilization rate increase process is not performed while the output current of the fuel cell 10 is changing.

本実施形態では、運転制御部１６は、出力情報検出部２０（出力電圧検出部１８、出力電流検出部１９）の検出結果に基づいて燃料電池１０の出力情報が燃料利用率上昇処理を行う条件を満たしたと判定した場合に当該燃料利用率上昇処理を行う。図４に示す例では、運転制御部１６は、出力情報検出部２０（出力電圧検出部１８、出力電流検出部１９）の検出結果に基づいて燃料電池１０が定格出力で設定期間動作した場合に燃料利用率上昇処理を行う条件を満たしたと判定する。燃料電池１０の定格出力（定格出力電力、定格出力電流）の値は記憶部１７に記憶されており、運転制御部１６は、記憶部１７に記憶されている燃料電池１０の定格出力の値と、出力情報検出部２０（出力電圧検出部１８、出力電流検出部１９）の検出結果とに基づいて、燃料電池１０が定格出力であるか否かを判定できる。また、この場合の所定期間の長さは適宜設定される値であり、記憶部１７に予め記憶されている。
図４に示す例では、時刻ｔ１０において運転制御部１６は、燃料電池１０が定格出力で設定期間動作したことで、燃料利用率上昇処理を行う条件を満たしたと判定する。 In the present embodiment, the operation control unit 16 is a condition in which the output information of the fuel cell 10 performs the fuel utilization rate increase processing based on the detection results of the output information detection unit 20 (output voltage detection unit 18, output current detection unit 19). When it is determined that the above conditions are satisfied, the fuel utilization rate increase process is performed. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the operation control unit 16 operates when the fuel cell 10 operates at the rated output for a set period based on the detection results of the output information detection unit 20 (output voltage detection unit 18, output current detection unit 19). It is determined that the conditions for performing the fuel utilization rate increase processing are satisfied. The value of the rated output (rated output power, rated output current) of the fuel cell 10 is stored in the storage unit 17, and the operation control unit 16 is the value of the rated output of the fuel cell 10 stored in the storage unit 17. Based on the detection results of the output information detection unit 20 (output voltage detection unit 18, output current detection unit 19), it can be determined whether or not the fuel cell 10 has a rated output. Further, the length of the predetermined period in this case is a value that is appropriately set and is stored in advance in the storage unit 17.
In the example shown in FIG. 4, the operation control unit 16 determines that the condition for performing the fuel utilization rate increase processing is satisfied because the fuel cell 10 operates at the rated output for a set period at time t10.

運転制御部１６は、時刻ｔ１０以前では、図２の基準燃料利用率特性曲線上の点Ａで示すような、燃料電池１０の出力電流（定格出力電流Ｉａ）に対応した燃料利用率Ｕｆａを決定し、その燃料利用率Ｕｆａを達成するために改質部７（気化部６）に供給する原燃料ガスの量（基準原燃料供給量Ｑｆａ）を決定する。そして、運転制御部１６は、決定した基準原燃料供給量Ｑｆａの原燃料ガスを原燃料供給量調節部２から気化部６に供給させている。
また、運転制御部１６は、時刻ｔ１０以前では、図３の基準Ｓ／Ｃ特性曲線上の点Ｃで示すような、燃料電池１０の出力電流（定格出力電流Ｉａ）に対応したＳ／Ｃの値Ｒａを決定し、上述した改質部７に供給する原燃料ガスの量（基準原燃料供給量Ｑｆａ）とＳ／Ｃの値Ｒａとを達成するために改質部７に供給する改質用水の量（基準水供給量Ｑｗａ）を決定する。そして、運転制御部１６は、決定した基準水供給量Ｑｗａの改質用水を水供給量調節部４から気化部６に供給させている。 Before time t10, the operation control unit 16 determines the fuel utilization rate Ufa corresponding to the output current (rated output current Ia) of the fuel cell 10 as shown by the point A on the reference fuel utilization rate characteristic curve of FIG. Then, the amount of raw material fuel gas supplied to the reforming unit 7 (vaporization unit 6) (reference raw material fuel supply amount Qfa) is determined in order to achieve the fuel utilization rate Ufa. Then, the operation control unit 16 supplies the raw material fuel gas of the determined reference raw material fuel supply amount Qfa from the raw material fuel supply amount adjusting unit 2 to the vaporization unit 6.
Further, before the time t10, the operation control unit 16 has an S / C corresponding to the output current (rated output current Ia) of the fuel cell 10 as shown by the point C on the reference S / C characteristic curve of FIG. The value Ra is determined, and the reforming is supplied to the reforming unit 7 in order to achieve the amount of raw fuel gas (reference raw fuel supply amount Qfa) supplied to the reforming unit 7 and the S / C value Ra. Determine the amount of irrigation water (reference water supply amount Qwa). Then, the operation control unit 16 supplies the reforming water of the determined reference water supply amount Qwa from the water supply amount adjusting unit 4 to the vaporization unit 6.

時刻ｔ１０において運転制御部１６は、燃料利用率上昇処理によって燃料利用率を上昇させるにあたっての目標原燃料供給量Ｑｆｂ及び目標水供給量Ｑｗｂを決定する。例えば、図２に示すように、燃料電池１０の出力電流が定格出力電流Ｉａの場合、燃料利用率上昇処理によって燃料利用率をＵｆａから、図２の点Ｂで示すようなＵｆｂへと変化（上昇）させることが記憶部１７に予め記憶されている。また、図３に示すように、燃料電池１０の出力電流が定格出力電流Ｉａの場合、燃料利用率上昇処理によってＳ／ＣをＲａから、図３の点Ｄで示すようなＲｂへと変化（低下）させることが記憶部１７に予め記憶されている。そして、運転制御部１６は、燃料電池１０の出力電流が定格出力電流Ｉａの場合に、燃料利用率の値Ｕｆｂ及びＳ／Ｃの値Ｒｂを達成するための目標原燃料供給量Ｑｆｂ及び目標水供給量Ｑｗｂを決定する。 At time t10, the operation control unit 16 determines the target raw fuel supply amount Qfb and the target water supply amount Qwb for increasing the fuel utilization rate by the fuel utilization rate increase process. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, when the output current of the fuel cell 10 is the rated output current Ia, the fuel utilization rate is changed from Ufa to Ufb as shown by point B in FIG. 2 by the fuel utilization rate increase processing ( It is stored in the storage unit 17 in advance to raise the fuel. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, when the output current of the fuel cell 10 is the rated output current Ia, the S / C is changed from Ra to Rb as shown by the point D in FIG. 3 by the fuel utilization rate increase processing ( It is stored in advance in the storage unit 17 to reduce). Then, the operation control unit 16 determines the target raw fuel supply amount Qfb and the target water for achieving the fuel utilization rate value Ufb and the S / C value Rb when the output current of the fuel cell 10 is the rated output current Ia. Determine the supply Qwb.

本実施形態では、運転制御部１６は、燃料電池１０の出力電流が安定した状態で、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量Ｑｆｂまで減少させ且つ改質部７への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量Ｑｗｂまで減少させることで燃料電池１０での燃料利用率をＵｆｂまで上昇させる燃料利用率上昇処理を行う場合、水供給量調節部４の動作を制御して改質部７への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後に所定の処理継続条件が満たされたか否かを判定し、処理継続条件が満たされた後に改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少を開始させる。 In the present embodiment, the operation control unit 16 reduces the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 to the target raw material fuel supply amount Qfb in a state where the output current of the fuel cell 10 is stable, and the reforming unit 7 When the fuel utilization rate increase process for increasing the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell 10 to Ufb is performed by reducing the supply amount of reforming water to the target water supply amount Qwb, the operation of the water supply amount adjusting unit 4 is performed. After controlling and starting to reduce the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming unit 7, it is determined whether or not the predetermined treatment continuation condition is satisfied, and after the treatment continuation condition is satisfied, the reforming unit 7 is subjected to. Start reducing the supply of raw materials and fuel gas.

つまり、時刻ｔ１０において運転制御部１６は、時間的に先に改質部７への改質用水の供給量を基準水供給量Ｑｗａから目標水供給量Ｑｗｂへと減少させるが、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量は変化させずに基準原燃料供給量Ｑｆａのまま維持する。
そして、運転制御部１６は、所定の処理継続条件が満たされたか否かを判定する。 That is, at time t10, the operation control unit 16 first reduces the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming unit 7 from the reference water supply amount Qwa to the target water supply amount Qwb, but the reforming unit 7 The supply amount of raw material fuel gas to is maintained unchanged at the standard raw material fuel supply amount Qfa.
Then, the operation control unit 16 determines whether or not the predetermined processing continuation condition is satisfied.

その後、時刻ｔ１１において運転制御部１６は、以下のように、処理継続条件が満たされたと判定した場合、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を基準原燃料供給量Ｑｆａから目標原燃料供給量Ｑｆｂへと減少させる。このように、運転制御部１６は、改質部７への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後に、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少を開始させる。 After that, at time t11, when the operation control unit 16 determines that the processing continuation condition is satisfied as described below, the supply amount of the raw fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 is determined from the reference raw fuel supply amount Qfa to the target raw fuel. Reduce to supply Qfb. In this way, the operation control unit 16 starts reducing the supply amount of the raw fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 after starting the reduction of the supply amount of the reforming water to the reforming unit 7.

例えば、運転制御部１６は、内部温度検出部１３が検出する筐体１の内部の温度が所定期間連続して基準内部温度以上である場合、処理継続条件が満たされたと判定する。この場合の所定期間の長さ及び基準内部温度の値は適宜設定される値であり、記憶部１７に予め記憶されている。つまり、筐体１の内部の温度が十分に安定して高い状態で、改質部７（気化部６）への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少が行われる。その結果、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少に伴って筐体１の内部の温度が低下傾向になるとしても、筐体１の内部の温度が低くなり過ぎることを回避できる。 For example, the operation control unit 16 determines that the processing continuation condition is satisfied when the temperature inside the housing 1 detected by the internal temperature detection unit 13 is continuously equal to or higher than the reference internal temperature for a predetermined period. In this case, the length of the predetermined period and the value of the reference internal temperature are values that are appropriately set and are stored in advance in the storage unit 17. That is, the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 (vaporization unit 6) is reduced while the temperature inside the housing 1 is sufficiently stable and high. As a result, even if the temperature inside the housing 1 tends to decrease as the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 decreases, it is possible to prevent the temperature inside the housing 1 from becoming too low. ..

或いは、運転制御部１６は、改質部７への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後、出力電圧検出部１８が検出する燃料電池１０の出力電圧が所定期間連続して基準電圧以上である場合、処理継続条件が満たされたと判定する。この場合の所定期間の長さ及び基準電圧の値は適宜設定される値であり、記憶部１７に予め記憶されている。つまり、燃料電池１０の出力電圧が十分に安定して高い状態、即ち、燃料電池１０の運転状態が安定した状態で、改質部７（気化部６）への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少が行われる。その結果、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少に伴って筐体１の内部の温度が低下傾向になるとしても、燃料電池１０の運転状態が悪化することを回避できる。 Alternatively, after the operation control unit 16 starts reducing the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming unit 7, the output voltage of the fuel cell 10 detected by the output voltage detecting unit 18 continuously exceeds the reference voltage for a predetermined period. If, it is determined that the processing continuation condition is satisfied. In this case, the length of the predetermined period and the value of the reference voltage are values that are appropriately set and are stored in advance in the storage unit 17. That is, when the output voltage of the fuel cell 10 is sufficiently stable and high, that is, when the operating state of the fuel cell 10 is stable, the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming section 7 (vaporizing section 6) is reduced. Is done. As a result, even if the temperature inside the housing 1 tends to decrease as the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming unit 7 decreases, it is possible to avoid deterioration of the operating state of the fuel cell 10.

また或いは、運転制御部１６は、所定の待機時間が経過した場合、処理継続条件が満たされたと判定する。この場合の待機時間の長さは適宜設定される値であり、記憶部１７に予め記憶されている。例えば、この待機時間の長さは、改質用水の供給量の変化の応答遅れ、即ち、気化部６への改質用水の供給量を変化させた後、改質部７へ供給される水蒸気量が変化するまでの要する時間などに設定される。つまり、改質部７（気化部６）への改質用水の供給量を減少させて所定の待機時間が経過することで筐体１の内部の温度が上昇し得る状態にした後で、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少が行われる。その結果、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少に伴って筐体１の内部の温度が低下傾向になるとしても、先に開始されている改質部７への改質用水の供給量の減少に伴って筐体１の内部の温度が上昇傾向になることと相殺されるため、筐体１の内部の温度に大きな変化が生じないことが期待される。 Alternatively, the operation control unit 16 determines that the processing continuation condition is satisfied when the predetermined standby time has elapsed. The length of the waiting time in this case is a value that is appropriately set and is stored in advance in the storage unit 17. For example, the length of this standby time is a delay in response to a change in the amount of reformed water supplied, that is, steam supplied to the reformed unit 7 after changing the amount of reformed water supplied to the vaporizing unit 6. It is set to the time required for the amount to change. That is, after reducing the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming section 7 (vaporizing section 6) so that the temperature inside the housing 1 can rise as a predetermined standby time elapses, the modification is performed. The supply amount of raw material fuel gas to the quality part 7 is reduced. As a result, even if the temperature inside the housing 1 tends to decrease as the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming section 7 decreases, the reforming water for the reforming section 7 that has been started earlier It is expected that the temperature inside the housing 1 will not change significantly because the temperature inside the housing 1 tends to rise as the supply amount of the housing 1 decreases.

このような一連の制御により、運転制御部１６は、燃料電池１０の出力電流が安定した状態で、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量Ｑｆｂまで減少させ且つ改質部７への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量Ｑｗｂまで減少させることで燃料電池１０での燃料利用率をＵｆｂまで上昇させる燃料利用率上昇処理を行う。 By such a series of control, the operation control unit 16 reduces and modifies the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 to the target raw material fuel supply amount Qfb in a state where the output current of the fuel cell 10 is stable. By reducing the supply amount of reforming water to the quality unit 7 to the target water supply amount Qwb, the fuel utilization rate increase process for increasing the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell 10 to Ufb is performed.

尚、運転制御部１６は、燃料利用率上昇処理を行っている間に燃料電池１０の出力電流が設定値以上変化した場合、燃料利用率上昇処理を中止して、燃料電池１０での燃料利用率が元の値に戻るように改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量と改質部７への改質用水の供給量を調節する。図４に示す例では、時刻ｔ１２において運転制御部１６は、出力情報検出部２０（出力電圧検出部１８、出力電流検出部１９）の検出結果に基づいて、燃料電池１０が定格出力で無くなったと判定する。そして、運転制御部１６は、燃料電池１０での燃料利用率が元の値Ｕｆａに戻るように、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を基準原燃料供給量Ｑｆａに変化させ、改質部７への改質用水の供給量を基準水供給量Ｑｗａに変化させる。 If the output current of the fuel cell 10 changes by a set value or more while the fuel utilization rate increasing process is being performed, the operation control unit 16 stops the fuel utilization rate increasing process and uses the fuel in the fuel cell 10. The amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming unit 7 and the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming unit 7 are adjusted so that the rate returns to the original value. In the example shown in FIG. 4, at time t12, the operation control unit 16 states that the fuel cell 10 has lost its rated output based on the detection results of the output information detection unit 20 (output voltage detection unit 18, output current detection unit 19). judge. Then, the operation control unit 16 changes the supply amount of the raw fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 to the reference raw fuel supply amount Qfa so that the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell 10 returns to the original value Ufa. The amount of reforming water supplied to the quality part 7 is changed to the reference water supply amount Qwa.

以上のように、燃料電池１０の出力電流が安定した状態で、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量まで減少させ且つ改質部７への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量まで減少させることで燃料電池１０での燃料利用率を上昇させる燃料利用率上昇処理を行うことで、燃料電池１０の効率を向上させることができる。
加えて、燃料利用率上昇処理を行う場合、改質部７への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後に改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少を開始させる。つまり、改質部７への改質用水の供給量を減少させて、筐体１の内部の温度が上昇し得る状態にした後で、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を減少させる。その結果、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少に伴って筐体１の内部の温度が低下傾向になるとしても、先に開始されている改質部７への改質用水の供給量の減少に伴って筐体１の内部の温度が上昇傾向になることと相殺されるため、筐体１の内部の温度に大きな変化が生じないことが期待される。 As described above, while the output current of the fuel cell 10 is stable, the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 is reduced to the target raw material fuel supply amount, and the reforming water is supplied to the reforming unit 7. The efficiency of the fuel cell 10 can be improved by performing the fuel utilization rate increase treatment for increasing the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell 10 by reducing the amount to the target water supply amount.
In addition, when the fuel utilization rate increase treatment is performed, the reduction of the supply amount of the raw fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 is started after the reduction of the supply amount of the reforming water to the reforming unit 7 is started. That is, after reducing the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming unit 7 so that the temperature inside the housing 1 can rise, the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming unit 7 is reduced. Let me. As a result, even if the temperature inside the housing 1 tends to decrease as the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming section 7 decreases, the reforming water for the reforming section 7 that has been started earlier It is expected that the temperature inside the housing 1 will not change significantly because the temperature inside the housing 1 tends to rise as the supply amount of the housing 1 decreases.

＜第２実施形態＞
第２実施形態の燃料電池装置は、燃料利用率上昇処理の内容が上記実施形態と異なっている。以下に第２実施形態の燃料電池装置について説明するが、上記実施形態と同様の構成については説明を省略する。 <Second Embodiment>
The fuel cell device of the second embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment in the content of the fuel utilization rate increase processing. The fuel cell device of the second embodiment will be described below, but the description of the same configuration as that of the above embodiment will be omitted.

図５は第２実施形態の燃料利用率上昇処理を説明する図である。具体的には、図５は、改質部７（気化部６）への原燃料ガスの単位時間当たりの供給量及び改質用水の単位時間当たりの供給量の推移を示す図である。図示するように、運転制御部１６は、燃料利用率上昇処理において、改質部７（気化部６）への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量Ｑｆｂまで段階的に減少させる。図５に示す例では、運転制御部１６は、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を、基準原燃料供給量Ｑｆａから、値Ｑｆ１及び値Ｑｆ２を経て、最終的に目標原燃料供給量Ｑｆｂへと段階的に減少させる。
また、運転制御部１６は、燃料利用率上昇処理において、改質部７（気化部６）への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量Ｑｗｂまで段階的に減少させる。図５に示す例では、運転制御部１６は、改質部７への改質用水の供給量を、基準水供給量Ｑｗａから、値Ｑｗ１を経て、最終的に目標水供給量Ｑｗｂへと段階的に減少させる。 FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the fuel utilization rate increase processing of the second embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing changes in the supply amount of raw fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 (vaporization unit 6) per unit time and the supply amount of reforming water per unit time. As shown in the figure, the operation control unit 16 gradually reduces the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 (vaporization unit 6) to the target raw material fuel supply amount Qfb in the fuel utilization rate increase process. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the operation control unit 16 finally supplies the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 from the reference raw material fuel supply amount Qfa through the values Qf1 and the value Qf2. The amount is gradually reduced to Qfb.
Further, the operation control unit 16 gradually reduces the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming unit 7 (vaporization unit 6) to the target water supply amount Qwb in the fuel utilization rate increase process. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the operation control unit 16 steps the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming unit 7 from the reference water supply amount Qwa, through the value Qw1, and finally to the target water supply amount Qwb. To reduce.

具体的に説明すると、時刻ｔ２０において運転制御部１６は、時間的に先に改質部７への改質用水の供給量を基準水供給量Ｑｗａから値Ｑｗ１へと減少させるが、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量は変化させずに基準原燃料供給量Ｑｆａのまま維持する。
そして、運転制御部１６は、所定の処理継続条件が満たされたか否かを判定する。この処理継続条件は第１実施形態で説明したのと同様である。 Specifically, at time t20, the operation control unit 16 first reduces the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming unit 7 from the reference water supply amount Qwa to the value Qw1, but the reforming unit The supply amount of raw material fuel gas to 7 is maintained as the standard raw material fuel supply amount Qfa without changing.
Then, the operation control unit 16 determines whether or not the predetermined processing continuation condition is satisfied. This processing continuation condition is the same as described in the first embodiment.

その後、時刻ｔ２１において運転制御部１６は、処理継続条件が満たされたと判定して、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を基準原燃料供給量Ｑｆａから値Ｑｆ１へと減少させる。このように、運転制御部１６は、改質部７への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後に、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少を開始させる。 After that, at time t21, the operation control unit 16 determines that the processing continuation condition is satisfied, and reduces the supply amount of the raw fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 from the reference raw fuel supply amount Qfa to the value Qf1. In this way, the operation control unit 16 starts reducing the supply amount of the raw fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 after starting the reduction of the supply amount of the reforming water to the reforming unit 7.

次に、時刻ｔ２２において運転制御部１６は、処理継続条件が満たされたと判定して、改質部７への改質用水の供給量を値Ｑｗ１から目標水供給量Ｑｗｂへと減少させる。
そして、運転制御部１６は、時刻ｔ２３において処理継続条件が満たされたと判定して、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を値Ｑｆ１から値Ｑｆ２へと減少させ、時刻ｔ２４において処理継続条件が満たされたと判定して、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を値Ｑｆ２から目標原燃料供給量Ｑｆｂへと減少させる。
。 Next, at time t22, the operation control unit 16 determines that the processing continuation condition is satisfied, and reduces the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming unit 7 from the value Qw1 to the target water supply amount Qwb.
Then, the operation control unit 16 determines that the processing continuation condition is satisfied at the time t23, reduces the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 from the value Qf1 to the value Qf2, and continues the processing at the time t24. It is determined that the conditions are satisfied, and the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 is reduced from the value Qf2 to the target raw material fuel supply amount Qfb.
..

このような一連の制御により、運転制御部１６は、燃料電池１０の出力電流が安定した状態で、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量Ｑｆｂまで減少させ且つ改質部７への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量Ｑｗｂまで減少させることで燃料電池１０での燃料利用率をＵｆｂまで上昇させる燃料利用率上昇処理を行う。 By such a series of control, the operation control unit 16 reduces and modifies the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 to the target raw material fuel supply amount Qfb in a state where the output current of the fuel cell 10 is stable. By reducing the supply amount of reforming water to the quality unit 7 to the target water supply amount Qwb, the fuel utilization rate increase process for increasing the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell 10 to Ufb is performed.

また、第１実施形態で説明したのと同様に、運転制御部１６は、燃料利用率上昇処理を行っている間に燃料電池１０の出力電流が設定値以上変化した場合、燃料利用率上昇処理を中止して、燃料電池１０での燃料利用率が元の値に戻るように改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量と改質部７への改質用水の供給量を調節する。図５に示す例では、時刻ｔ２５において運転制御部１６は、出力情報検出部２０（出力電圧検出部１８、出力電流検出部１９）の検出結果に基づいて、燃料電池１０が定格出力で無くなったと判定する。そして、運転制御部１６は、燃料電池１０での燃料利用率が元の値Ｕｆａに戻るように、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を基準原燃料供給量Ｑｆａに変化させ、改質部７への改質用水の供給量を基準水供給量Ｑｗａに変化させる。 Further, as described in the first embodiment, the operation control unit 16 performs the fuel utilization rate increase process when the output current of the fuel cell 10 changes by the set value or more during the fuel utilization rate increase process. Is stopped, and the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming unit 7 and the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming unit 7 are adjusted so that the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell 10 returns to the original value. In the example shown in FIG. 5, at time t25, the operation control unit 16 states that the fuel cell 10 has lost its rated output based on the detection results of the output information detection unit 20 (output voltage detection unit 18, output current detection unit 19). judge. Then, the operation control unit 16 changes the supply amount of the raw fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 to the reference raw fuel supply amount Qfa so that the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell 10 returns to the original value Ufa. The amount of reforming water supplied to the quality part 7 is changed to the reference water supply amount Qwa.

以上のように、本実施形態では、燃料利用率上昇処理において、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少が段階的に行われるので、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を減少することに伴って筐体１の内部の温度が低下することも段階的に発生する。つまり、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量まで減少させる場合に筐体１の内部の温度が急激に変化することが回避される。その結果、燃料電池１０の運転状態が不安定になることを回避できる。
また、燃料利用率上昇処理において、改質部７への改質用水の供給量の減少が段階的に行われるので、改質部７への改質用水の供給量を減少することに伴って筐体１の内部の温度が上昇することも段階的に発生する。つまり、改質部７への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量まで減少させる場合に筐体１の内部の温度が急激に変化することが回避される。その結果、燃料電池１０の運転状態が不安定になることを回避できる。 As described above, in the present embodiment, in the fuel utilization rate increase process, the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 is gradually reduced, so that the raw material fuel gas is supplied to the reforming unit 7. As the amount is reduced, the temperature inside the housing 1 also gradually decreases. That is, when the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7 is reduced to the target raw material fuel supply amount, it is possible to avoid a sudden change in the temperature inside the housing 1. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operating state of the fuel cell 10 from becoming unstable.
Further, in the fuel utilization rate increase treatment, the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming section 7 is gradually reduced, so that the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming section 7 is reduced. The temperature inside the housing 1 also rises step by step. That is, when the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming unit 7 is reduced to the target water supply amount, it is possible to avoid a sudden change in the temperature inside the housing 1. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operating state of the fuel cell 10 from becoming unstable.

＜別実施形態＞
＜１＞
上記実施形態では、燃料電池装置の構成について具体例を挙げて説明したが、その構成については適宜変更可能である。 <Another Embodiment>
<1>
In the above embodiment, the configuration of the fuel cell device has been described with specific examples, but the configuration can be changed as appropriate.

＜２＞
上記実施形態では、燃料電池１０の出力電流Ｉと燃料電池１０での燃料利用率Ｕｆとの関係（図２）、及び、燃料電池１０の出力電流Ｉと改質部７での改質処理のＳ／Ｃとの関係（図３）について説明したが、それらは例示目的で記載したものであり、適宜変更可能である。 <2>
In the above embodiment, the relationship between the output current I of the fuel cell 10 and the fuel utilization rate Uf in the fuel cell 10 (FIG. 2), and the output current I of the fuel cell 10 and the reforming process in the reforming unit 7 are performed. The relationship with S / C (FIG. 3) has been described, but they are described for exemplification purposes and can be changed as appropriate.

＜３＞
上記実施形態では、燃料利用率上昇処理において燃料利用率を上昇させると共にＳ／Ｃを低下させる例を説明したが、Ｓ／Ｃを一定のままにしてもよい。その場合であっても、燃料利用率を上昇させるために改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を減少させると、Ｓ／Ｃを一定に維持するためには改質部７への改質用水の供給量も減少させる必要があるため、運転制御部１６は、改質部７への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後に、改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少を開始させればよい。 <3>
In the above embodiment, an example in which the fuel utilization rate is increased and the S / C is decreased in the fuel utilization rate increase process has been described, but the S / C may be kept constant. Even in that case, if the amount of raw fuel gas supplied to the reforming unit 7 is reduced in order to increase the fuel utilization rate, the modification to the reforming unit 7 is performed in order to maintain the S / C constant. Since it is also necessary to reduce the supply amount of quality water, the operation control unit 16 starts to reduce the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming unit 7, and then supplies the raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit 7. Should be started to decrease.

＜４＞
上記実施形態では、燃料電池１０が定格出力で設定期間動作した場合に燃料利用率上昇処理を行う条件を満たしたと判定される例を説明したが、燃料電池１０の出力（出力情報）がどのような状態になった場合に燃料利用率上昇処理を行う条件を満たしたと判定されるのかは適宜設定可能である。例えば、運転制御部１６は、燃料電池１０が定格の９０％出力や７０％出力などの所定の一定出力で設定期間動作した場合に燃料利用率上昇処理を行う条件を満たしたと判定してもよい。 <4>
In the above embodiment, an example in which it is determined that the condition for performing the fuel utilization rate increase processing is satisfied when the fuel cell 10 operates at the rated output for a set period has been described, but what is the output (output information) of the fuel cell 10? It is possible to appropriately set whether or not it is determined that the condition for performing the fuel utilization rate increase processing is satisfied in the case of such a state. For example, the operation control unit 16 may determine that the condition for performing the fuel utilization rate increase process is satisfied when the fuel cell 10 operates at a predetermined constant output such as 90% output or 70% output of the rating for a set period. ..

＜５＞
上記実施形態において、改質部７への原燃料ガス及び改質用水の供給量を連続的に変化させてもよい。
例えば、図２に示した例では、時刻ｔ１０において改質部７への原燃料ガス及び改質用水の供給量を基準原燃料供給量Ｑｆａから目標原燃料供給量Ｑｆｂまで減少させたが、例えば、時刻ｔ１０から設定期間（例えば数秒間など）をかけて改質部７への原燃料ガスの供給量を連続的に変化させてもよい。 <5>
In the above embodiment, the supply amounts of the raw fuel gas and the reforming water to the reforming unit 7 may be continuously changed.
For example, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas and the reforming water to the reforming unit 7 was reduced from the reference raw material fuel supply amount Qfa to the target raw material fuel supply amount Qfb at time t10. , The amount of raw material fuel gas supplied to the reforming unit 7 may be continuously changed over a set period (for example, several seconds) from time t10.

＜６＞
尚、上記実施形態（別実施形態を含む）で開示される構成は、矛盾が生じない限り、他の実施形態で開示される構成と組み合わせて適用することが可能であり、また、本明細書において開示された実施形態は例示であって、本発明の実施形態はこれに限定されず、本発明の目的を逸脱しない範囲内で適宜改変することが可能である。 <6>
The configurations disclosed in the above embodiment (including another embodiment) can be applied in combination with the configurations disclosed in other embodiments as long as there is no contradiction, and the present specification. The embodiment disclosed in the above is an example, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this, and can be appropriately modified without departing from the object of the present invention.

本発明は、燃料電池の運転状態が安定したままで燃料利用率を上げることができる燃料電池装置に利用できる。 The present invention can be used in a fuel cell device capable of increasing the fuel utilization rate while the operating state of the fuel cell remains stable.

１ 筐体
２ 原燃料供給量調節部
４ 水供給量調節部
７ 改質部
９ セル
９ａ アノード
９ｂ カソード
１０ 燃料電池（セルスタック）
１１ 燃焼部
１３ 内部温度検出部
１５ 酸素供給量調節部
１６ 運転制御部
１８ 出力電圧検出部（出力情報検出部 ２０）
１９ 出力電流検出部（出力情報検出部 ２０） 1 Housing 2 Raw fuel supply amount adjustment unit 4 Water supply amount adjustment unit 7 Reforming unit 9 Cell 9a Anode 9b Cathode 10 Fuel cell (cell stack)
11 Combustion unit 13 Internal temperature detection unit 15 Oxygen supply amount adjustment unit 16 Operation control unit 18 Output voltage detection unit (output information detection unit 20)
19 Output current detector (output information detector 20)

Claims (10)

原燃料ガスを水蒸気改質して水素を含む燃料ガスを生成する改質部と、
前記改質部で生成された前記燃料ガスが供給されるアノード及び酸素ガスが供給されるカソードを有する燃料電池と、
発電反応で用いられた後に前記アノードから排出される排出燃料ガスに含まれる前記燃料ガスを燃焼させ、その燃焼熱によって前記改質部を加熱する燃焼部と、
前記改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を調節する原燃料供給量調節部と、
前記改質部への改質用水の供給量を調節する水供給量調節部と、
前記カソード及び前記燃焼部への前記酸素ガスの供給量を調節する酸素供給量調節部と、
前記原燃料供給量調節部及び前記酸素供給量調節部及び前記水供給量調節部の動作を制御する運転制御部とを備え、
前記改質部と前記燃料電池と前記燃焼部とは筐体の内部に収容され、
前記運転制御部は、前記燃料電池の出力電流が安定した状態で、前記改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を目標原燃料供給量まで減少させ且つ前記改質部への改質用水の供給量を目標水供給量まで減少させることで前記燃料電池での燃料利用率を上昇させる燃料利用率上昇処理を行う場合、前記水供給量調節部の動作を制御して前記改質部への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後に所定の処理継続条件が満たされたか否かを判定し、前記処理継続条件が満たされた後に前記改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量の減少を開始させる燃料電池装置。 A reforming unit that steam reforms raw fuel gas to generate fuel gas containing hydrogen,
A fuel cell having an anode to which the fuel gas is supplied and a cathode to which the oxygen gas is supplied generated in the reforming unit,
A combustion unit that burns the fuel gas contained in the exhaust fuel gas discharged from the anode after being used in a power generation reaction and heats the reforming unit by the combustion heat.
A raw fuel supply amount adjusting unit that adjusts the raw material fuel supply amount to the reforming unit,
A water supply amount adjusting unit that adjusts the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming unit,
An oxygen supply amount adjusting unit that adjusts the supply amount of the oxygen gas to the cathode and the combustion unit, and
It includes the raw material fuel supply amount adjusting unit, the oxygen supply amount adjusting unit, and an operation control unit that controls the operation of the water supply amount adjusting unit.
The reforming unit, the fuel cell, and the combustion unit are housed inside the housing.
The operation control unit reduces the supply amount of raw fuel gas to the reforming unit to the target raw material fuel supply amount in a state where the output current of the fuel cell is stable, and reforming water to the reforming unit. When the fuel utilization rate increasing process for increasing the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell is performed by reducing the supply amount to the target water supply amount, the operation of the water supply amount adjusting unit is controlled to the reforming unit. After starting to reduce the supply amount of reforming water, it is determined whether or not the predetermined treatment continuation condition is satisfied, and after the treatment continuation condition is satisfied, the supply amount of raw fuel gas to the reforming portion is reduced. Fuel cell device to start. 前記筐体の内部の所定部位の温度を検出する内部温度検出部を備え、
前記運転制御部は、前記内部温度検出部が検出する前記筐体の内部の温度が所定期間連続して基準内部温度以上である場合、前記処理継続条件が満たされたと判定する請求項１に記載の燃料電池装置。 It is provided with an internal temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of a predetermined portion inside the housing.
The first aspect of claim 1, wherein the operation control unit determines that the processing continuation condition is satisfied when the temperature inside the housing detected by the internal temperature detection unit is continuously equal to or higher than the reference internal temperature for a predetermined period. Fuel cell device. 前記燃料電池の出力電圧を検出する出力電圧検出部を備え、
前記運転制御部は、前記改質部への改質用水の供給量の減少を開始した後、前記出力電圧検出部が検出する前記燃料電池の出力電圧が所定期間連続して基準電圧以上である場合、前記処理継続条件が満たされたと判定する請求項１又は２に記載の燃料電池装置。 It is provided with an output voltage detection unit that detects the output voltage of the fuel cell.
After the operation control unit starts reducing the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming unit, the output voltage of the fuel cell detected by the output voltage detecting unit is continuously equal to or higher than the reference voltage for a predetermined period. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein it is determined that the processing continuation condition is satisfied. 前記運転制御部は、所定の待機時間が経過した場合、前記処理継続条件が満たされたと判定する請求項１〜３の何れか一項に記載の燃料電池装置。 The fuel cell device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the operation control unit determines that the processing continuation condition is satisfied when a predetermined standby time has elapsed. 前記燃料電池の出力電力及び出力電流のうちの少なくとも出力電流を出力情報として検出する出力情報検出部を備え、
前記運転制御部は、前記出力情報検出部の検出結果に基づいて前記燃料電池の前記出力情報が前記燃料利用率上昇処理を行う条件を満たしたと判定した場合に当該燃料利用率上昇処理を行う請求項１〜４の何れか一項に記載の燃料電池装置。 It is provided with an output information detection unit that detects at least the output current of the output power and output current of the fuel cell as output information.
When the operation control unit determines that the output information of the fuel cell satisfies the condition for performing the fuel utilization rate increase process based on the detection result of the output information detection unit, the operation control unit performs the fuel utilization rate increase process. Item 2. The fuel cell device according to any one of Items 1 to 4. 前記運転制御部は、前記出力情報検出部の検出結果に基づいて、前記燃料電池が定格出力で設定期間動作した場合に前記燃料利用率上昇処理を行う条件を満たしたと判定する請求項５に記載の燃料電池装置。 The fifth aspect of claim 5 is that the operation control unit determines that the condition for performing the fuel utilization rate increase process is satisfied when the fuel cell operates at a rated output for a set period based on the detection result of the output information detection unit. Fuel cell device. 前記運転制御部は、前記燃料利用率上昇処理を行っている間に前記燃料電池の出力が定格出力ではなくなった場合、前記燃料利用率上昇処理を中止して、前記燃料電池での燃料利用率が元の値に戻るように前記改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量と前記改質部への改質用水の供給量を調節する請求項６に記載の燃料電池装置。 If the output of the fuel cell is no longer the rated output during the fuel utilization rate increase process, the operation control unit stops the fuel utilization rate increase process and the fuel utilization rate in the fuel cell. The fuel cell device according to claim 6, wherein the supply amount of the raw material fuel gas to the reforming section and the supply amount of reforming water to the reforming section are adjusted so that the value returns to the original value. 前記運転制御部は、前記燃料利用率上昇処理において、前記改質部への原燃料ガスの供給量を前記目標原燃料供給量まで段階的に減少させる請求項１〜７の何れか一項に記載の燃料電池装置。 According to any one of claims 1 to 7, the operation control unit gradually reduces the supply amount of raw material fuel gas to the reforming unit to the target raw material fuel supply amount in the fuel utilization rate increase process. The described fuel cell device. 前記運転制御部は、前記燃料利用率上昇処理において、前記改質部への改質用水の供給量を前記目標水供給量まで段階的に減少させる請求項１〜８の何れか一項に記載の燃料電池装置。 The operation control unit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the fuel utilization rate increase treatment, the amount of reforming water supplied to the reforming unit is gradually reduced to the target water supply amount. Fuel cell device. 前記筐体の内部の所定部位の温度を検出する内部温度検出部を備え、
前記運転制御部は、前記燃料利用率上昇処理を行っている間、前記内部温度検出部が検出する温度が目標内部温度に近づくように、前記酸素供給量調節部の動作を制御する請求項１〜９の何れか一項に記載の燃料電池装置。 It is provided with an internal temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of a predetermined portion inside the housing.
The operation control unit controls the operation of the oxygen supply amount adjusting unit so that the temperature detected by the internal temperature detecting unit approaches the target internal temperature while the fuel utilization rate increasing process is being performed. The fuel cell device according to any one of 9 to 9.
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