JP6734269B2 - 低減されたコールドフローを有するポリジエン及びポリジエン共重合体を生成するための方法 - Google Patents
低減されたコールドフローを有するポリジエン及びポリジエン共重合体を生成するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6734269B2 JP6734269B2 JP2017518501A JP2017518501A JP6734269B2 JP 6734269 B2 JP6734269 B2 JP 6734269B2 JP 2017518501 A JP2017518501 A JP 2017518501A JP 2017518501 A JP2017518501 A JP 2017518501A JP 6734269 B2 JP6734269 B2 JP 6734269B2
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- acid ester
- neodymium
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- polymer
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title description 4
- -1 thiocarboxylic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 137
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 73
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 65
- 229920013730 reactive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012967 coordination catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 131
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 60
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 56
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 49
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 31
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 27
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 24
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 20
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 14
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920003193 cis-1,4-polybutadiene polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 13
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000002901 organomagnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- VATQKFJMBFFMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-anilinophenyl)urea Chemical group NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 VATQKFJMBFFMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- PHWSCBWNPZDYRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitrobenzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 PHWSCBWNPZDYRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002900 organolithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011414 polymer cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012718 coordination polymerization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical group CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 4
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 4
- LQIIEHBULBHJKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropylalumane Chemical compound CC(C)C[AlH2] LQIIEHBULBHJKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- MGDOJPNDRJNJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylaluminum Chemical compound [Al].C[CH2] MGDOJPNDRJNJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000743 hydrocarbylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LWLPYZUDBNFNAH-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;butane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].CCC[CH2-] LWLPYZUDBNFNAH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylmagnesium bromide Chemical compound Br[Mg]C1=CC=CC=C1 ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003566 thiocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 3
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)CC1 RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBXRMKZFYQISIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,1-n',1-n',2-n,2-n,2-n',2-n'-octamethylethene-1,1,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound CN(C)C(N(C)C)=C(N(C)C)N(C)C CBXRMKZFYQISIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKMDNKRCCODWMG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,5-dinitrobenzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O YKMDNKRCCODWMG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC=CC(C)=C RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLAMLWHELXOEJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-nitrobenzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O SLAMLWHELXOEJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CJSBUWDGPXGFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(C)=CC=C CJSBUWDGPXGFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-alpha-Methylhistamine Chemical compound CNCCC1=CN=CN1 PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- XFYBQTQSBFVIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(OCCCC)(OCC(CCCC)CC)=O.[Nd] Chemical compound P(OCCCC)(OCC(CCCC)CC)=O.[Nd] XFYBQTQSBFVIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021623 Tin(IV) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GCTFWCDSFPMHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tributyltin chloride Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](Cl)(CCCC)CCCC GCTFWCDSFPMHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LOAMPDBVDUCBJV-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Nd+3].CCCCCCCCOP([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCOP([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCOP([O-])=O Chemical compound [Nd+3].CCCCCCCCOP([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCOP([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCOP([O-])=O LOAMPDBVDUCBJV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UWAMTZZJXXCIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethyl(phenoxy)alumane Chemical compound CC[Al+]CC.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 UWAMTZZJXXCIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MVGUIMCFFQICHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(phenyl)alumane Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MVGUIMCFFQICHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PASXEHKLXCTXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl-(4-methylphenyl)alumane Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 PASXEHKLXCTXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJXBDPDUCXORKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylalumane Chemical compound CC[AlH]CC HJXBDPDUCXORKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJSGABFIILQOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylalumanylium;bromide Chemical compound CC[Al](Br)CC JJSGABFIILQOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HRXSKIOIHQEGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylalumanylium;fluoride Chemical compound CC[Al](F)CC HRXSKIOIHQEGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CCOCQIOIKQPQSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylalumanylium;octadecanoate Chemical compound CC[Al+]CC.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CCOCQIOIKQPQSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AXEOTJPPNKRJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K dihexyl phosphate;neodymium(3+) Chemical compound [Nd+3].CCCCCCOP([O-])(=O)OCCCCCC.CCCCCCOP([O-])(=O)OCCCCCC.CCCCCCOP([O-])(=O)OCCCCCC AXEOTJPPNKRJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PKTOVQRKCNPVKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(methyl)silicon Chemical compound CO[Si](C)OC PKTOVQRKCNPVKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQGOWXYZDLJBFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH2]OC YQGOWXYZDLJBFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGMHEOLLTWPGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;bromide Chemical compound C[Al](C)Br ZGMHEOLLTWPGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MWNKMBHGMZHEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylalumanylium;ethanolate Chemical compound CCO[Al](C)C MWNKMBHGMZHEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRGBBLIJYFWRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;hexanoate Chemical compound C[Al+]C.CCCCCC([O-])=O IRGBBLIJYFWRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SIWKOPAOOWDWHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;phenoxide Chemical compound C[Al](C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 SIWKOPAOOWDWHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JAGXRFFDUAYIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-K dioctan-2-yl phosphate;neodymium(3+) Chemical compound [Nd+3].CCCCCCC(C)OP([O-])(=O)OC(C)CCCCCC.CCCCCCC(C)OP([O-])(=O)OC(C)CCCCCC.CCCCCCC(C)OP([O-])(=O)OC(C)CCCCCC JAGXRFFDUAYIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GNPSMYTXIPVJDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylalumane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)[AlH]CCCCCCCC GNPSMYTXIPVJDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRQUTSPLBBZERR-UHFFFAOYSA-M dioctylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Al](Cl)CCCCCCCC QRQUTSPLBBZERR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HGQSXVKHVMGQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyltin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn]CCCCCCCC HGQSXVKHVMGQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUHQQXGTFKPOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphenyl phosphate;neodymium(3+) Chemical compound [Nd+3].C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)([O-])OC1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)([O-])OC1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)([O-])OC1=CC=CC=C1 BUHQQXGTFKPOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HIVRDDZUKVNKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylalumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]C1=CC=CC=C1 HIVRDDZUKVNKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJXQMMHNTBZSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphenylphosphinate;neodymium(3+) Chemical compound [Nd+3].C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)([O-])C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)([O-])C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)([O-])C1=CC=CC=C1 QJXQMMHNTBZSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RKRSDHJSCTYYED-UHFFFAOYSA-L diphenyltin(2+);2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1[Sn+2]C1=CC=CC=C1 RKRSDHJSCTYYED-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XOCWTYIVWYOSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylalumane Chemical compound C(CC)[AlH]CCC XOCWTYIVWYOSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMXPNWBFRPIZFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipropylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCC[Al+]CCC ZMXPNWBFRPIZFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PEGCFRJASNUIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L ditert-butyltin(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Sn](Cl)(Cl)C(C)(C)C PEGCFRJASNUIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002023 dithiocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAGKEKIEPNLLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanolate neodymium(3+) Chemical compound [Nd+3].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] OAGKEKIEPNLLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXVBWSROJSOQFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanolate;methylaluminum(2+) Chemical compound CCO[Al](C)OCC JXVBWSROJSOQFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCKWFNSALCEAPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanolate;tin(2+) Chemical compound [Sn+2].CC[O-].CC[O-] XCKWFNSALCEAPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCPCLEKQVMKXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(diethyl)alumane Chemical compound CCO[Al](CC)CC GCPCLEKQVMKXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGAIERUWZADBAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy-bis(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound CCO[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C XGAIERUWZADBAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVWFXYMSALHUDG-ONEGZZNKSA-N ethyl (E)-4-nitrobut-2-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C/C=C/C(=O)OCC QVWFXYMSALHUDG-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJFRGJDBZLFZAU-PLNGDYQASA-N ethyl (Z)-3-nitrobut-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)[N+]([O-])=O IJFRGJDBZLFZAU-PLNGDYQASA-N 0.000 description 1
- WENCRPXVGDPJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 1-nitro-2H-pyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])N1CC(=CC=C1)C(=O)OCC WENCRPXVGDPJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTKASJMIPSSXBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nitroacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C[N+]([O-])=O FTKASJMIPSSXBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPNMAYYYYSWTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nitrobenzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O CPNMAYYYYSWTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IENPWWUIYXMCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nitrobutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(CC)[N+]([O-])=O IENPWWUIYXMCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTTDLZCGMOQWIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nitrocyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1C(CCCC1)C(=O)OCC OTTDLZCGMOQWIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEAJOOPBJVWQNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nitrocyclopentane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1C(CCC1)C(=O)OCC BEAJOOPBJVWQNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILULEYGDMBIXSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nitrohex-4-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)CC=CC ILULEYGDMBIXSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFYKLYBIKKPWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nitrohex-5-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C(=O)OCC)CCC=C KFYKLYBIKKPWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHSMWMBSABINKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nitropent-4-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)CC=C YHSMWMBSABINKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOWTWXAHMCQODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nitropentanoate Chemical compound CCCC([N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OCC UOWTWXAHMCQODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXBGJDZWJJFFQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nitropropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)[N+]([O-])=O ZXBGJDZWJJFFQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKBIJCPQTPFQKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-nitrobenzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 MKBIJCPQTPFQKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYDIMDIZLLBLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-nitrobutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)[N+]([O-])=O XYDIMDIZLLBLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYFHEXDUAYEIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-nitrocyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(CCC1)C(=O)OCC AYFHEXDUAYEIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGWYZXRIPNMDRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-nitrocyclopentane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(CC1)C(=O)OCC LGWYZXRIPNMDRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGDQDMTVSPYQDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-nitrohex-5-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CC(=O)OCC)CC=C HGDQDMTVSPYQDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQPSFSSDDCTPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-nitropent-4-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CC(=O)OCC)C=C KQPSFSSDDCTPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEUDXVNYMLAYNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-nitropentanoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CC(=O)OCC)CC SEUDXVNYMLAYNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIJLLHGPEZBIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-nitropropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC[N+]([O-])=O IIJLLHGPEZBIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDCIBQNRJNANBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitrobutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC[N+]([O-])=O JDCIBQNRJNANBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKAWQOZWOJYETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitrocyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CCC(CC1)C(=O)OCC VKAWQOZWOJYETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIZYZDHEBFRYGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitrocyclohexene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC=C(CC1)C(=O)OCC GIZYZDHEBFRYGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDFAWLLLPDOKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitrocyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(C=C1)C(=O)OCC CDFAWLLLPDOKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YESVITPPGOBVDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitrocyclopentene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC=C(C1)C(=O)OCC YESVITPPGOBVDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSKYYRXKUNNOMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitropentanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC(C)[N+]([O-])=O HSKYYRXKUNNOMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLXXBYKXKDKFRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=N1 BLXXBYKXKDKFRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSXOTXRIDPDLJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-nitrocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(C=CC1)C(=O)OCC QSXOTXRIDPDLJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQRDYRRUSPDRBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-nitrocyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1C(C=CC1)C(=O)OCC QQRDYRRUSPDRBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZENUMDAPMDXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-nitrohex-3-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C=CCC(=O)OCC)C GZENUMDAPMDXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPADTPIHSPAZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-nitronaphthalene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)OCC)=CC=CC2=C1[N+]([O-])=O QPADTPIHSPAZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDZGVIQJNOBUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-nitropent-3-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])CC=CCC(=O)OCC WDZGVIQJNOBUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PASGBDZFZXDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-nitropentanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCCC[N+]([O-])=O PASGBDZFZXDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZFHVUFNOKRFEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-nitropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=N1 PZFHVUFNOKRFEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJIMLVFVRUXVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-nitropyrimidine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C=1C=NC(=NC=1)C(=O)OCC AJIMLVFVRUXVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYPFRFBCYYNTRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-nitropyrimidine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C=1C(=NC=NC=1)C(=O)OCC WYPFRFBCYYNTRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJVUQRNUGMJXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-nitrocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1C(C=CCC1)C(=O)OCC FJVUQRNUGMJXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBIFAHOIJRYGSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 7-nitrocyclooct-2-yne-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(C#CCCC1)C(=O)OCC MBIFAHOIJRYGSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFTXHYMMTYCMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 7-nitrocyclooct-4-yne-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(CCC#CC1)C(=O)OCC UFTXHYMMTYCMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSFZZSXRCMXXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 8-nitrocyclooct-4-yne-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CCC#CCCC1C(=O)OCC OSFZZSXRCMXXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVGOMKSOQWZEFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexanoate;neodymium Chemical compound [Nd].CCCCCC(=O)OCC ZVGOMKSOQWZEFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UABOHUHCGKGGOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(dimethoxy)alumane Chemical compound [O-]C.[O-]C.CC[Al+2] UABOHUHCGKGGOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODAHSCRBAKWZPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethyl(diphenoxy)alumane Chemical compound CC[Al+2].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ODAHSCRBAKWZPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SMCMEVQBOQDRPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(diphenyl)alumane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Al](CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 SMCMEVQBOQDRPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEPIVOURWZEXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-bis(4-methylphenyl)alumane Chemical compound C=1C=C(C)C=CC=1[Al](CC)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 NEPIVOURWZEXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFICPAADTOQAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dibromide Chemical compound CC[Al](Br)Br JFICPAADTOQAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UGUZZPBNTADPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].CC[Al+2] UGUZZPBNTADPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BLHLJVCOVBYQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CC BLHLJVCOVBYQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJVOZLGKTAPUTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M fentin chloride Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Sn](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 NJVOZLGKTAPUTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XDFDJBOEIDRBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro hypofluorite;neodymium Chemical compound [Nd].FOF XDFDJBOEIDRBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNTRBBGWVVMYJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M fluoro(dimethyl)alumane Chemical compound [F-].C[Al+]C GNTRBBGWVVMYJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXXZSFJVAMRMPV-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Ga](F)F WXXZSFJVAMRMPV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DWRNSCDYNYYYHT-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium(iii) iodide Chemical compound I[Ga](I)I DWRNSCDYNYYYHT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000043 hydrogen iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012844 infrared spectroscopy analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HENJUOQEQGBPSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanatomethyl-dimethoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CN=C=O HENJUOQEQGBPSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLPHTMMGQHNDDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylbutane Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)C[CH2-] ZLPHTMMGQHNDDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZAVVKVUMPLRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;propane Chemical compound [Li+].C[CH-]C SZAVVKVUMPLRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBEREOHJDYAKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;propane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH2-] XBEREOHJDYAKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WRYKIHMRDIOPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;benzene Chemical compound [Mg+2].C1=CC=[C-]C=C1.C1=CC=[C-]C=C1 WRYKIHMRDIOPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJJBSBKRXUVBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;butane Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCC[CH2-].CCC[CH2-] KJJBSBKRXUVBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUXHCILOWRXCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;butane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].CCC[CH2-] QUXHCILOWRXCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VXWPONVCMVLXBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;carbanide;iodide Chemical compound [CH3-].[Mg+2].[I-] VXWPONVCMVLXBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DLPASUVGCQPFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;ethane Chemical compound [Mg+2].[CH2-]C.[CH2-]C DLPASUVGCQPFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVOYYLUVELMWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;hexane Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCC[CH2-].CCCCC[CH2-] RVOYYLUVELMWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZFCBBSYZJPPIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;hexane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].CCCCC[CH2-] LZFCBBSYZJPPIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GBRJQTLHXWRDOV-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;hexane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].CCCCC[CH2-] GBRJQTLHXWRDOV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WCFJMDWWJOCLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;methanidylbenzene Chemical compound [Mg+2].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1 WCFJMDWWJOCLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGEFGPVWRJCFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;methanidylbenzene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1 QGEFGPVWRJCFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DQZLQYHGCKLKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;propane Chemical compound [Mg+2].C[CH-]C.C[CH-]C DQZLQYHGCKLKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CBNHBSGOXOSEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolate neodymium(3+) Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-]C.[O-]C.[O-]C CBNHBSGOXOSEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEMYBHYAISOMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolate;2-methylpropylaluminum(2+) Chemical compound [O-]C.[O-]C.CC(C)C[Al+2] NEMYBHYAISOMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKUIXLPCCDROFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolate;methylaluminum(2+) Chemical compound [O-]C.[O-]C.[Al+2]C DKUIXLPCCDROFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UISUQHKSYTZXSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolate;tin(2+) Chemical compound [Sn+2].[O-]C.[O-]C UISUQHKSYTZXSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQBCXNQILNPAPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(dimethyl)alumane Chemical compound [O-]C.C[Al+]C BQBCXNQILNPAPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQYRGTGTFRXFEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy-bis(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](OC)CC(C)C PQYRGTGTFRXFEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVEUOYVVZHIOHT-NSCUHMNNSA-N methyl (E)-4-nitrobut-2-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C/C=C/C(=O)OC NVEUOYVVZHIOHT-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHWISPWQFATQMZ-ARJAWSKDSA-N methyl (z)-2-nitrobut-2-enoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C\C)\[N+]([O-])=O HHWISPWQFATQMZ-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOOPVPQUYDIZPJ-ARJAWSKDSA-N methyl (z)-3-nitrobut-2-enoate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C(\C)[N+]([O-])=O BOOPVPQUYDIZPJ-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVDLRUYJANNIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1-nitro-2H-pyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])N1CC(=CC=C1)C(=O)OC QVDLRUYJANNIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOXPHVNMBPFOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-nitrobenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O AOXPHVNMBPFOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OETKPFPQNCBLNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-nitrobutanoate Chemical compound CCC([N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OC OETKPFPQNCBLNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLHZMAMXYJYCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-nitrocyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1C(CCCC1)C(=O)OC DLHZMAMXYJYCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABRAHFHYKHUPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-nitrocyclopentane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1CCCC1[N+]([O-])=O ABRAHFHYKHUPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQIPCVLFUISHCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-nitrohex-4-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C(=O)OC)CC=CC OQIPCVLFUISHCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLCFYNYLSLHQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-nitrohex-5-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C(=O)OC)CCC=C LLCFYNYLSLHQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCFCXZGVDOZACP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-nitropent-4-enoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)CC=C MCFCXZGVDOZACP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBNHPLOGFRTHOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-nitropentanoate Chemical compound CCCC([N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OC GBNHPLOGFRTHOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHXOPEVCNMQIAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-nitropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)[N+]([O-])=O UHXOPEVCNMQIAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXLYJLKKPUICKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-nitrobenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 AXLYJLKKPUICKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZVJSPXAIXFZQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-nitrobutanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(C)[N+]([O-])=O ZZVJSPXAIXFZQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXQRAJJVCHPTJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-nitrocyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(CCC1)C(=O)OC GXQRAJJVCHPTJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCWGFAVXZIZBAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-nitrocyclopentane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(CC1)C(=O)OC FCWGFAVXZIZBAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLXRQQBWSSHECC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-nitrohex-5-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CC(=O)OC)CC=C CLXRQQBWSSHECC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIPTVXHYGBIOGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-nitropent-4-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CC(=O)OC)C=C GIPTVXHYGBIOGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APLHBSBRKDOTFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-nitropentanoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CC(=O)OC)CC APLHBSBRKDOTFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVOVDKWDSQCJAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-nitropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC[N+]([O-])=O PVOVDKWDSQCJAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOJAHJGBFDPSDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-nitrobenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 YOJAHJGBFDPSDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBSPKGKFFQKZJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-nitrobutanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC[N+]([O-])=O UBSPKGKFFQKZJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBZCEIBENBENFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-nitrocyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(C=C1)C(=O)OC RBZCEIBENBENFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJLOXYPQLQEDHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-nitrocyclopentene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC=C(C1)C(=O)OC GJLOXYPQLQEDHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFUOCUCQTCSCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-nitropentanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(C)[N+]([O-])=O GFUOCUCQTCSCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPBOTXGXHPDXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-nitropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=N1 CPBOTXGXHPDXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBKDKJHEIQUCND-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-nitrocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(C=CC1)C(=O)OC LBKDKJHEIQUCND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBELROSEENNSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-nitrocyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1C(C=CC1)C(=O)OC OBELROSEENNSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOZFNTCZQSDLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-nitrohex-3-enoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC=CC(C)[N+]([O-])=O SOZFNTCZQSDLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XIUZBGNTUCBBMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-nitropent-3-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])CC=CCC(=O)OC XIUZBGNTUCBBMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKFKZLYDQJHAQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-nitropentanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCC[N+]([O-])=O YKFKZLYDQJHAQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBJDJRHSHXTRAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-nitropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=N1 WBJDJRHSHXTRAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHZMMIUMCLVCKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-nitropyrimidine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=NC=NC=C1[N+]([O-])=O AHZMMIUMCLVCKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTIXNNEHUHCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 6-nitrocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1C(C=CCC1)C(=O)OC BOTIXNNEHUHCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUIPNJNCADRLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-nitrocyclooct-2-yne-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(C#CCCC1)C(=O)OC YUIPNJNCADRLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMGIYHVNOXEJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-nitrocyclooct-4-yne-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(CCC#CC1)C(=O)OC HMGIYHVNOXEJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XBKBZMOLSULOEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);dibromide Chemical compound C[Al](Br)Br XBKBZMOLSULOEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010068 moulding (rubber) Methods 0.000 description 1
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- MPKWOMQKNIDCKY-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(3+);2-nonylphenolate Chemical compound [Nd+3].CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1[O-].CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1[O-].CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1[O-] MPKWOMQKNIDCKY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SIINVGJQWZKNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(3+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Nd+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O SIINVGJQWZKNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- HPCGPGSYNUPEKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(3+);tribenzoate Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HPCGPGSYNUPEKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- SXSPKVLHGFYNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(3+);tricarbamodithioate Chemical class [Nd+3].NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S SXSPKVLHGFYNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- AARCLZBTVAUMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(3+);triformate Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O AARCLZBTVAUMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DKSXWSAKLYQPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(3+);triiodide Chemical compound I[Nd](I)I DKSXWSAKLYQPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- ATINCSYRHURBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Nd](Cl)Cl ATINCSYRHURBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JXRJZEIFKKYMBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl(phenyl)alumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]CCCCCCCC JXRJZEIFKKYMBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMKBWZXSKDYZDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M octyl(phenyl)alumanylium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[Al+]C1=CC=CC=C1 KMKBWZXSKDYZDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SOEVKJXMZBAALG-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[AlH2] SOEVKJXMZBAALG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBLGTYCOUOIUNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L octylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Al](Cl)Cl RBLGTYCOUOIUNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyldodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- XRADHEAKQRNYQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroneodymium Chemical compound F[Nd](F)F XRADHEAKQRNYQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K triiodoindigane Chemical compound I[In](I)I RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilicon Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)OC PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZZSNOZCFFEKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl nitromethanetricarboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C(=O)OC)(C(=O)OC)C(=O)OC PZZSNOZCFFEKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPVRQYPBOVUIII-SNAWJCMRSA-N trimethylsilyl (E)-4-nitrobut-2-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C/C=C/C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C WPVRQYPBOVUIII-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUVMRCWQPUSIIS-WAYWQWQTSA-N trimethylsilyl (Z)-2-nitrobut-2-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])/C(/C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=C\C VUVMRCWQPUSIIS-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEBCGHUOJLYKNV-WAYWQWQTSA-N trimethylsilyl (Z)-3-nitrobut-2-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])\C(=C/C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)\C GEBCGHUOJLYKNV-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGDPAFFMTHHDGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 1-nitro-2H-pyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])N1CC(=CC=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C DGDPAFFMTHHDGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZVLTBHTNWWORR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 2-nitroacetate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C[N+]([O-])=O AZVLTBHTNWWORR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVUWOCWLIHYMRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 2-nitrobenzoate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O JVUWOCWLIHYMRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZBSQOSCTGSURK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 2-nitrobutanoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CC VZBSQOSCTGSURK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDMIKLLLLLOUPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 2-nitrocyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1C(CCCC1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C BDMIKLLLLLOUPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSSJXVZPZHAXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 2-nitrohex-4-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CC RSSJXVZPZHAXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NELHDLDHJDLRPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 2-nitrohex-5-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC=C NELHDLDHJDLRPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWKPTHMWOKBIQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 2-nitropent-4-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=C LWKPTHMWOKBIQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYOCTRDIQZWQPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 2-nitropentanoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC AYOCTRDIQZWQPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMDFXCSTUVRBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 2-nitropropanoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C RMDFXCSTUVRBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDIIQWNPRAHHQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 3-nitrobenzoate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 PDIIQWNPRAHHQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAESUIWRFHPZAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 3-nitrobutanoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C DAESUIWRFHPZAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIPLFKVSTZTJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 3-nitrocyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(CCC1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C YIPLFKVSTZTJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQSLLXKCWXGGEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 3-nitrocyclopentane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(CC1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C SQSLLXKCWXGGEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCYKXPXGDDSUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 3-nitrohex-5-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=C UCYKXPXGDDSUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XALLOZIMFKZZKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 3-nitropent-4-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C XALLOZIMFKZZKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLAAQFJVBUXRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 3-nitropentanoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CC BLAAQFJVBUXRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHIYCZHZWYPUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 3-nitropropanoate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[N+]([O-])=O SHIYCZHZWYPUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWDMNLMNKPTAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 4-nitrobenzoate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XWDMNLMNKPTAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPMHGQRPIASZJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 4-nitrobutanoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C UPMHGQRPIASZJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBDFOSAPXOPBEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 4-nitrocyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CCC(CC1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C IBDFOSAPXOPBEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTBDVVKMVJSSML-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 4-nitrocyclohexene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC=C(CC1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C KTBDVVKMVJSSML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSKQHZWXRXANSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 4-nitrocyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C KSKQHZWXRXANSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHIKCBUPXQMGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 4-nitrocyclopentene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC=C(C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C IHIKCBUPXQMGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVLXMQWEURPPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 4-nitropentanoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C UVLXMQWEURPPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHAHLYGFXVSCJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 4-nitropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1=CC(=NC=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C IHAHLYGFXVSCJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XITLZAIYXLSVLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 5-nitrocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(C=CC1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C XITLZAIYXLSVLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYEFCQAQLWNOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 5-nitrocyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1C(C=CC1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C AYEFCQAQLWNOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYOGPFOVYKHXSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 5-nitrohex-3-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C=CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C WYOGPFOVYKHXSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAZUFQUOPHXEGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 5-nitropent-3-enoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])CC=CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C YAZUFQUOPHXEGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTSPEXAOAOEMNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 5-nitropentanoate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])CCCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C DTSPEXAOAOEMNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWBHAWDGXLMSJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 5-nitropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C=1C=CC(=NC=1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C NWBHAWDGXLMSJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIEXRYVVHGNUOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 5-nitropyrimidine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C=1C=NC(=NC=1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C UIEXRYVVHGNUOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZWBRKZRCKZDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 5-nitropyrimidine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C=1C(=NC=NC=1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C XZWBRKZRCKZDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAOMRRFJGMQPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 6-nitrocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1C(C=CCC1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C ZAOMRRFJGMQPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFDKPIPGKRIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 7-nitrocyclooct-2-yne-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(C#CCCC1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C XFDKPIPGKRIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBEDHBJJRGHCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 7-nitrocyclooct-4-yne-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CC(CCC#CC1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C BBEDHBJJRGHCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBJWWFQSGBGPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 8-nitrocyclooct-4-yne-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1CCC#CCCC1C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C NBJWWFQSGBGPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZGUIAFRJWSYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylstannanylium;bromide Chemical compound C[Sn](C)(C)Br MZGUIAFRJWSYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Al](CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOJQVUCWSDRWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentylalumane Chemical compound CCCCC[Al](CCCCC)CCCCC JOJQVUCWSDRWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZULKPPKUANUTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl nitromethanetricarboxylate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1)(C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IZULKPPKUANUTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQPMDTQDAXRDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylalumane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Al](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JQPMDTQDAXRDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethyl chloride Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylalumane Chemical compound CCC[Al](CCC)CCC CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDHQENQYSFSSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1-methylcyclopentyl)alumane Chemical compound C1CCCC1(C)[Al](C1(C)CCCC1)C1(C)CCCC1 QDHQENQYSFSSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYWRONRUDLXRGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2-dimethylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C[Al](CC(C)(C)C)CC(C)(C)C MYWRONRUDLXRGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHRAFNQICZNWIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,6-dimethylphenyl)alumane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1[Al](C=1C(=CC=CC=1C)C)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZHRAFNQICZNWIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHAOCGKAMRAFMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-ethylhexyl)alumane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C[Al](CC(CC)CCCC)CC(CC)CCCC FHAOCGKAMRAFMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBPQKEVXCHKRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylpropyl)tin Chemical compound CC(C)C[Sn](CC(C)C)CC(C)C XBPQKEVXCHKRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAKQLTYPVIOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylalumane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Al](C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C RTAKQLTYPVIOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/22—Incorporating nitrogen atoms into the molecule
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/30—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule
- C08C19/34—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with oxygen or oxygen-containing groups
- C08C19/36—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with oxygen or oxygen-containing groups with carboxy radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/30—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule
- C08C19/42—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups
- C08C19/44—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups of polymers containing metal atoms exclusively at one or both ends of the skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
Description
以下の一般式によって表わすことができるオリゴマー環式アルミノキサン
(式中、xは1〜約100、又は約10〜約50の範囲の整数であってもよく、yは2〜約100、又は約3〜約20の範囲の整数であってもよく、各Rは独立に、アルミニウム原子に炭素原子を介して結合される一価の有機基であってもよい)と、を含めることができる。一実施形態では、各Rは独立に、ヒドロカルビル基、例えば、限定するものではないが、アルキル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、置換シクロアルケニル、アリール、置換アリール、アラルキル、アルカリル、アリル、及びアルキニル基であってもよく、各基は、1個の炭素原子(又は基を形成するのに適切な最小数の炭素原子)から最大で約20個の炭素原子を含有している。これらのヒドロカルビル基にはまた、へテロ原子、例えば、限定するものではないが、窒素、酸素、ホウ素、ケイ素、硫黄、及びリン原子を含有していてもよい。なお、本出願で用いるアルミノキサンのモル数とは、オリゴマーアルミノキサン分子のモル数ではなく、アルミニウム原子のモル数を指すことに留意すべきである。この慣習は、アルミノキサンを用いる触媒系の技術分野において広く用いられている。
(式中、各αは独立に、酸素原子又は硫黄原子であり、R1は、一価の有機基である)によって規定されてもよい。当業者に理解されるように、両方のα原子が酸素原子である場合、エステル基は、カルボン酸エステル基と称されてもよい。1つ又は両方のα原子が硫黄原子である場合、エステル基は、チオカルボン酸エステル基と称されてもよい。更に具体的には、1つのα原子が硫黄原子(いずれかのα原子)及び他のα原子が酸素原子である場合、エステル基は、モノチオカルボン酸エステル基と称されてもよく、対応するエステルは、モノチオカルボン酸エステルと称されてもよい。両方のα原子が硫黄原子である場合、エステル基は、ジチオカルボン酸エステル基と称されてもよく、対応するエステルは、ジチオカルボン酸エステルと称されてもよい。本明細書の目的のため、チオカルボン酸エステル基への言及は、モノチオカルボン酸エステル基及びジチオカルボン酸エステル基の両方を包含してもよく、これに対応して、チオカルボン酸エステルへの言及は、モノチオカルボン酸エステル及びジチオカルボン酸エステルの両方を包含してもよい。
(式中、各αは独立に、酸素原子又は硫黄原子であり、R1は一価の有機基であり、R2は結合又は二価の有機基であり、あるいはR1及びR2は結合して三価の有機基を形成し、R1及びR2にはニトロ基が無い)によって規定されてもよい。
(式中、R1は一価の有機基であり、R2は結合又は二価の有機基であり、あるいはR1及びR2は結合して三価の有機基を形成し、R1及びR2にはニトロ基が無い)によって規定されるニトロ基を含有するカルボン酸エステルであってもよい。
(式中、R1は一価の有機基であり、R2は結合又は二価の有機基であり、あるいはR1及びR2は結合して三価の有機基を形成し、R1及びR2にはニトロ基が無い)によって規定されるニトロ基を含有するジチオカルボン酸エステルであってもよい。
未改質シス−1,4−ポリブタジエンの合成
2ガロンの窒素パージした反応器であってタービン撹拌器ブレードが備え付けられたものに対して、1293gのヘキサン及びヘキサン中の3175gの20.0重量%1,3−ブタジエン溶液を添加した。事前形成する触媒溶液の調製を、トルエン中の7.35mLの4.32Mメチルアルミノキサン溶液、ヘキサン中の1.71gの20.0重量%1,3−ブタジエン溶液、シクロヘキサン中の0.59mLの0.537Mネオジムベルサターテ(versatate)溶液、ヘキサン中の6.67mLの1.0Mジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド溶液、及びヘキサン中の1.27mLの1.0Mジエチルアルミニウムクロリド溶液、を混合して行なった。触媒溶液を15分間エージングして、30mLのトルエンで希釈し、その後反応器内に充填した。反応器ジャケット温度を、次いで、65℃に設定した。触媒を添加してから約60分後に、重合混合物を室温まで冷却し、イソプロパノール中の30mLの12重量%2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール溶液を用いて急冷した。結果として得られたポリマーセメントを、5gの2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェノールを含有する12リットルのイソプロパノールを用いて凝固させ、それからドラム乾燥させた。結果として得られたポリマーのムーニー粘度(ML1+4)が100℃において26.8であるという測定を、Alpha Technologies Mooney粘度計に大きなロータが付いたものを用いて、1分間の予熱時間、及び4分間の実行時間で行なった。ゲル透過クロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定したところ、ポリマーの数平均分子量(Mn)は112,800、重量平均分子量(Mw)は240,500、かつ分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は2.13であった。ポリマーの赤外分光分析により、シス−1,4−結合含有量が95.3%、トランス−1,4−結合含有量が4.1%、かつ1,2−結合含有量が0.6%であることが示された。
未改質シス−1,4−ポリブタジエンの合成
2ガロンの窒素パージした反応器であってタービン撹拌器ブレードが備え付けられたものに対して、1228gのヘキサン及びヘキサン中の3240gの19.6重量%1,3−ブタジエン溶液を添加した。事前形成する触媒溶液の調製を、トルエン中の5.44mLの4.32Mメチルアルミノキサン溶液、ヘキサン中の1.29gの19.6重量%1,3−ブタジエン溶液、シクロヘキサン中の0.44mLの0.537Mネオジムベルサターテ溶液、ヘキサン中の4.93mLの1.0Mジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド溶液、及びヘキサン中の0.94mLの1.0Mジエチルアルミニウムクロリド溶液、を混合して行なった。触媒溶液を15分間エージングして、35mLのトルエンで希釈し、その後反応器内に充填した。反応器ジャケット温度を、次いで、65℃に設定した。触媒溶液を添加してから約85分後に、重合混合物を室温まで冷却し、イソプロパノール中の30mLの12重量%2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール溶液を用いて急冷した。結果として得られたポリマーセメントを、5gの2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェノールを含有する12リットルのイソプロパノールを用いて凝固させ、それからドラム乾燥させた。結果として得られた未改質ポリマーの特性を表1にまとめる。
エチル4−ニトロベンゾエート(ENB)で改質したシス−1,4−ポリブタジエンの合成
2ガロンの窒素パージした反応器であってタービン撹拌器ブレードが備え付けられたものに対して、1293gのヘキサン及びヘキサン中の3176gの20.0重量%1,3−ブタジエン溶液を添加した。事前形成する触媒溶液の調製を、トルエン中の8.38mLの4.32Mメチルアルミノキサン溶液、ヘキサン中の1.95gの20.0重量%1,3−ブタジエン溶液、シクロヘキサン中の0.67mLの0.537Mネオジムベルサターテ溶液、ヘキサン中の7.60mLの1.0Mジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド溶液、及びヘキサン中の1.45mLの1.0Mジエチルアルミニウムクロリド溶液、を混合して行なった。触媒溶液を15分間エージングして、35mLのトルエンで希釈し、その後反応器内に充填した。反応器ジャケット温度を、次いで、65℃に設定した。触媒溶液を添加してから約54分後に、重合混合物を室温に冷却した。
エチルベンゾエート(PhCOOEt)で改質したシス−1,4−ポリブタジエンの合成
エチルベンゾエート(PhCOOEtと省略)で改質したシス−1,4−ポリブタジエン試料を、実施例3の手順と同様の手順を使用して調製した。PhCOOEt改質ポリマーの特性を、表1にまとめる。
ニトロベンゼン(PhNO2)で改質したシス−1,4−ポリブタジエンの合成
ニトロベンゼン(PhNo2と省略)で改質したシス−1,4−ポリブタジエン試料を、実施例3の手順と同様の手順を使用して調製した。ポリマーは、ゲルを含まないと測定された。PhNO2改質ポリマーの特性を、表1にまとめる。
エチル3,5−ジニトロベンゾエート(EDNB)で改質したシス−1,4−ポリブタジエンの合成
エチル3,5−ジニトロベンゾエート(EDNBと省略)で改質したシス−1,4−ポリブタジエン試料を、実施例3の手順と同様の手順を使用して調製した。結果として得られたポリマーのゲル含有量は、8.2%であると測定された。EDNB改質ポリマーの特性を、表1にまとめる。
Claims (6)
- 結合ポリマーを調製するための方法であって、
(i)共役ジエンモノマーを重合して反応性ポリマーを形成する工程であって、前記重合工程は配位触媒を用いる工程と、
(ii)該反応性ポリマーを、ニトロ基を含有するカルボン酸エステル又はチオカルボン酸エステルと反応させる工程であって、該ニトロ基を含有するカルボン酸エステル又はチオカルボン酸エステルは、単一のニトロ基を含む、工程と、を含む、方法。 - 前記ニトロ基を含有するカルボン酸エステル又はチオカルボン酸エステルは、式I:
(式中、各αは独立に、酸素原子又は硫黄原子であり、R1は、一価の有機基であり、R2は、結合又は二価の有機基であり、あるいはR1及びR2は、結合して三価の有機基を形成し、R1及びR2にはニトロ基が無い)によって規定されるニトロ基を含有するカルボン酸エステルである、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記ニトロ基を含有するカルボン酸エステル又はチオカルボン酸エステルは、式II:
(式中、R1は、一価の有機基であり、R2は、結合又は二価の有機基であり、あるいはR1及びR2は、結合して三価の有機基を形成し、R1及びR2にはニトロ基が無い)によって規定される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記ニトロ基を含有するカルボン酸エステル又はチオカルボン酸エステルは、ニトロアレンカルボン酸エステル、ニトロアルカンカルボン酸エステル、ニトロアルケンカルボン酸エステル、ニトロアルキンカルボン酸エステル、ニトロシクロアルカンカルボン酸エステル、ニトロシクロアルケンカルボン酸エステル、ニトロシクロアルキンカルボン酸エステル、及びニトロ複素環カルボン酸エステルからなる群から選択されるニトロ基を含有するカルボン酸エステルである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記配位触媒は、ランタニド系触媒であり、
前記ランタニド系触媒には、(a)ランタニド含有化合物、(b)アルキル化剤、及び(c)ハロゲン源が含まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記共役ジエンモノマーを重合する工程は、有機溶媒が20重量%未満で含まれる重合混合物内で行なう、請求項5に記載の方法。
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US20110077325A1 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-03-31 | Bridgestone Corporation | Functionalized polymers and methods for their manufacture |
CN103562237B (zh) * | 2011-03-29 | 2016-02-17 | 株式会社普利司通 | 由含有甲硅烷基化的氨基的羧酸酯或硫代羧酸酯官能化的聚合物 |
JP5126395B1 (ja) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-23 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | ゴム積層体 |
US8952090B2 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2015-02-10 | Bridgestone Corporation | Method for producing polydienes and polydiene copolymers with reduced cold flow |
US9127092B2 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2015-09-08 | Bridgestone Corporation | Method for producing polydienes and polydiene copolymers with reduced cold flow |
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CN107567464B (zh) | 2020-04-14 |
US10364300B2 (en) | 2019-07-30 |
EP3204429A1 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
SG11201703712PA (en) | 2017-06-29 |
EP3204429B1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
US20170247478A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
WO2016057388A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
JP2017530244A (ja) | 2017-10-12 |
CN107567464A (zh) | 2018-01-09 |
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