JP6723487B1 - Method for producing softened noodles - Google Patents

Method for producing softened noodles Download PDF

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JP6723487B1
JP6723487B1 JP2020002371A JP2020002371A JP6723487B1 JP 6723487 B1 JP6723487 B1 JP 6723487B1 JP 2020002371 A JP2020002371 A JP 2020002371A JP 2020002371 A JP2020002371 A JP 2020002371A JP 6723487 B1 JP6723487 B1 JP 6723487B1
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宏章 嶋田
宏章 嶋田
稔 栗林
稔 栗林
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Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Abstract

【課題】健常者等が通常きっ食している麺類と同様に麺類本来の外観、形状、風味を維持しており、かつ、舌で潰せる程軟質化されており、飲み込みやすい麺類の提供及びその製造方法の提供。【解決手段】液体に投入した麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程及び飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程を含む、軟質化された麺類の製造方法であって、次のA〜Cの工程を含む製造方法により、麺類本来の外観、形状、風味を維持しており、かつ、舌で潰せる程軟質化されており、飲み込みやすい麺類を提供する。A.麺類を液体に投入する工程B.上記Aの工程を経た麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程C.上記A又はBの工程を経た麺類を飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程【選択図】なしPROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide and manufacture noodles that maintain the original appearance, shape, and flavor of noodles as well as noodles normally eaten by healthy people and are softened so that they can be crushed by the tongue, and that are easy to swallow. Providing a method. SOLUTION: The method for producing softened noodles comprises the steps of placing noodles put in a liquid in a tank and evacuation, and performing heat treatment in a saturated vapor pressure environment. By a manufacturing method including steps, the original appearance, shape, and flavor of noodles are maintained, and the noodles are softened so that they can be crushed with a tongue, and noodles that are easy to swallow are provided. A. Process B. of adding noodles to a liquid Process C. in which the noodles that have undergone the process of A above are put in a tank and vacuum is drawn. Process of heat-treating noodles that have undergone the process of A or B under a saturated vapor pressure environment [Selection diagram] None

Description

本発明は軟質化された麺類の製造方法に関する。さらに詳しくは液体に投入した麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程及び飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程を含む軟質化された麺類の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing softened noodles. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing softened noodles, which includes the steps of placing noodles in a liquid in a tank and evacuating the mixture, and performing heat treatment in a saturated vapor pressure environment.

近年、咀嚼・嚥下困難者等を対象として様々な食品、食品の物性を改良するための剤やこれらの製造方法等が開発されてきた。
例えば、特許文献1では嚥下食用の麺様食品として、茹でた麺と豆腐と小麦粉を攪拌し、これに増粘多糖類を加えて麺状に再成形して得た食品が開示されている。特許文献2では、豆類の粉、そば粉等の穀粉を含む食品に小麦グルテンを配合することにより、咀嚼嚥下を容易にする方法が開示されている。しかし、これらの食品は増粘多糖類、豆類の粉、そば粉等の添加剤や異種の食品原料の添加を必要とするため、食感や風味が従来の麺類とは異なるという問題があった。
In recent years, various foods, agents for improving the physical properties of foods, manufacturing methods thereof, and the like have been developed for people who have difficulty in chewing and swallowing.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses, as a noodle-like food for swallowing, a food obtained by stirring boiled noodles, tofu, and wheat flour, and adding a thickening polysaccharide to the mixture to re-form into noodles. Patent Document 2 discloses a method of facilitating chewing and swallowing by adding wheat gluten to a food containing cereal flour such as bean flour and buckwheat flour. However, since these foods require addition of additives such as thickening polysaccharides, bean flour, buckwheat flour, and different food ingredients, there is a problem that texture and flavor are different from conventional noodles. ..

また、特許文献3では介護の現場でも利用できる即席カップ麺として、長さ1〜7cmにカットした麺が開示されている。特許文献4では、麺長3cmや5cmの歩留240〜330%に茹でた麺に、喫食時に麺が歩留430〜500%と成し得る量の液を入れて包装冷凍した麺が嚥下し易い包装冷凍麺として開示されている。さらに特許文献5では咀嚼力が弱い場合でも好適に食することができる食品として小麦粉を70重量%以上含有し、麺厚が2mm以下であり、麺長が5cm以下であり、塩類含有量が1重量%以下である等の特徴を有する乾燥麺状食品が開示されている。
しかし、これらの麺類はいずれも7cm以下と短くカットされており、外観が本来の麺類と異なり、麺類を食べている実感がわかず、また麺長を短くすることで、きざみ食のように口腔内でばらけやすく、食べにくいという問題があった。
Further, Patent Document 3 discloses noodles cut to a length of 1 to 7 cm as instant cup noodles that can be used even in the field of nursing care. In Patent Document 4, noodles boiled in a noodle length of 3 cm or 5 cm with a yield of 240 to 330% and an amount of liquid that can make the noodle yield 430 to 500% at the time of eating are packaged and frozen. It is disclosed as easy-packed frozen noodles. Further, in Patent Document 5, as a food that can be suitably eaten even if the chewing power is weak, it contains 70% by weight or more of wheat flour, the noodle thickness is 2 mm or less, the noodle length is 5 cm or less, and the salt content is 1 A dry noodle-shaped food product having characteristics such as not more than wt% is disclosed.
However, all of these noodles are cut to a length of 7 cm or less, and the appearance is different from the original noodles, and I do not feel that I am eating noodles, and by shortening the noodle length, it becomes like a chopped mouth There was a problem that it was easy to disperse inside and it was difficult to eat.

非特許文献1、2では離乳食の調製や麺類を簡単に茹でる方法として圧力鍋を使用することが開示されており、咀嚼・嚥下困難者等を対象とした軟らかな食品の製造にあたり、圧力鍋を使用することも有効かと考えられる。しかし、咀嚼・嚥下困難者等を対象とする場合には、舌で潰せる程軟質化されており、かつ、嚥下しやすい食品を提供する必要があることから、単に圧力鍋を使用しただけでは十分な食品が得られるとは言えなかった。 Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose that a pressure cooker is used as a method for easily preparing baby foods and boiling noodles, and a pressure cooker is used for producing soft foods for people who have difficulty in chewing and swallowing. It is thought that using it is also effective. However, when targeting people who have difficulty chewing and swallowing, it is necessary to provide food that is soft enough to be crushed by the tongue and that is easy to swallow, so simply using a pressure cooker is sufficient. I couldn't say that I could get good food.

このように様々な食品、食品の物性を改良するための剤やこれらの製造方法等が開示されているが、食品本来の外観、形状、風味等を有し、咀嚼・嚥下困難者等が満足してきっ食できる食品の提供は容易ではなかった。
そこで、本発明者らは、食品の中でも特に麺類に着目し、健常者等が通常きっ食している麺類と同様に麺類本来の外観、形状、風味を維持しており、かつ、舌で潰せる程軟質化されており、飲み込みやすい麺類の提供を試みた。
As described above, various foods, agents for improving the physical properties of foods, manufacturing methods thereof, and the like are disclosed, but they have the original appearance, shape, flavor, etc. of foods, and are satisfactory for people who have difficulty chewing and swallowing. Providing food that can be eaten quickly has not been easy.
Therefore, the present inventors have paid particular attention to noodles among foods, maintain the original appearance, shape, and flavor of noodles as well as noodles normally eaten by healthy people, etc., and crush it with a tongue. We tried to provide noodles that are softened and easy to swallow.

特開2009-219362号公報JP 2009-219362 A 特開2014-8028号公報JP 2014-8028 JP 登録実用新案第3161489号公報Registered Utility Model No. 3161489 特開2008-301722号公報JP 2008-301722 A 特開2001-352925号公報JP 2001-352925

離乳食☆圧力鍋で超簡単!やわうどん,クックパッド,<https://cookpad.com/recipe/1106294>、公開日:2010年4月22日Baby food ☆ Super easy with a pressure cooker! Yaw udon, Cookpad, <https://cookpad.com/recipe/1106294>, Published: April 22, 2010 Meyerで!パスタの茹で方,クックパッド,<https://cookpad.com/recipe/2016188>、公開日:2012年11月11日With Meyer! Boiled pasta, Cookpad, <https://cookpad.com/recipe/2016188>, Published: November 11, 2012

本発明は健常者等が通常きっ食している麺類と同様に麺類本来の外観、形状、風味を維持しており、かつ、舌で潰せる程軟質化されており、飲み込みやすい麺類や、その製造方法の提供を課題とする。 The present invention maintains the original appearance, shape, and flavor of noodles as well as noodles normally eaten by healthy people, and is softened so that it can be crushed by the tongue, and noodles that are easy to swallow, and a method for producing the same. Is an issue.

本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討を行った結果、液体に投入した麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程及び飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程を含む、次のA〜Cの工程を含む製造方法により、麺類本来の外観、形状、風味を維持しており、かつ、舌で潰せる程軟質化されており、飲み込みやすい麺類が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
A.麺類を液体に投入する工程
B.上記Aの工程を経た麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程
C.上記A又はBの工程を経た麺類を飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention include a step of vacuuming the noodles placed in a liquid in a tank and a step of heat treatment under a saturated vapor pressure environment. According to the present invention, it was found that, by the production method including the steps A to C, the original appearance, shape, and flavor of noodles are maintained, and the noodles are softened so that they can be crushed by the tongue, and noodles that are easy to swallow are obtained. It came to completion.
A. Process B. of adding noodles to a liquid Process C. in which the noodles that have undergone the process of A above are put in a tank and evacuated. A step of heat-treating the noodles subjected to the above step A or B under a saturated vapor pressure environment

本発明の製造方法により、健常者等が通常きっ食している麺類をそのまま、麺長20cm〜30cm程度の長さで用いた場合でも、内部まで均質に軟質化し、舌で潰せる麺類として提供することができる。そして、本発明において製造されるこれらの軟質化された麺類は、麺類本来の外観、形状、風味を維持していることから、咀嚼・嚥下困難者等が満足してきっ食できる食品として提供することもできる。 According to the production method of the present invention, the noodles that are normally eaten by healthy people and the like are directly used, and even when the noodles are used with a length of about 20 cm to 30 cm, the noodles can be softened uniformly to the inside and provided as noodles that can be crushed by the tongue. You can And, since these softened noodles produced in the present invention maintain the original appearance, shape, and flavor of the noodles, it is necessary to provide them as a food that can be swallowed by people who have difficulty chewing and swallowing. Can also

すなわち、本発明は次の(1)〜(9)に示される軟質化された麺類の製造方法等に関する。
(1)液体に投入した麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程及び飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程を含む、軟質化された麺類の製造方法であって、次のA〜Cの工程を含む軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
A.麺類を液体に投入する工程
B.上記Aの工程を経た麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程
C.上記A又はBの工程を経た麺類を飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程
(2)さらに次のDの工程を含む上記(1)に記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
D.上記Cの工程を経た麺類が入った槽を真空引きする工程
(3)さらに次のEの工程を含む上記(1)又は(2)に記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
E.上記C又はDの工程を経た麺類を水洗いする工程
(4)さらに次のFの工程を含む上記(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
F.上記C〜Eのいずれかの工程を経た麺類を酵素処理する工程
(5)飽和蒸気圧環境下での加熱処理条件が95℃を超えて130℃以下である上記(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
(6)酵素がアミラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、セルラーゼ、又はヘミセルラーゼから選択されるいずれか1種以上である上記(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
(7)軟質化された麺類のかたさ応力が60,000N/m2以下である上記(1)〜(6)のいずれかに記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
(8)軟質化された麺類の付着性が1,000J/m3以下である上記(1)〜(7)のいずれかに記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
(9)軟質化された麺類の長さが30cm以下である上記(1)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
That is, the present invention relates to a method for producing softened noodles shown in the following (1) to (9).
(1) A method for producing softened noodles, comprising the steps of placing noodles in a liquid in a tank and evacuation and heat-treating in a saturated vapor pressure environment. A method for producing softened noodles containing:
A. Process B. of adding noodles to a liquid Process C. in which the noodles that have undergone the process of A above are put in a tank and evacuated. The method for producing softened noodles according to (1) above, further comprising the step (2) of heat-treating the noodles that have undergone the step A or B under a saturated vapor pressure environment, and the step D of the following step:
D. The method for producing a softened noodle according to the above (1) or (2), which further comprises a step (3) of vacuuming the tank containing the noodles that has been subjected to the above step C and the following step E.
E. The method for producing a softened noodle according to any one of (1) to (3) above, which further comprises a step (4) of washing the noodles that has undergone the step C or D with water, and the step F of the following step.
F. The step (5) of subjecting the noodles that have undergone any one of the steps C to E to an enzyme treatment, wherein the heat treatment conditions under a saturated vapor pressure environment are higher than 95° C. and 130° C. or lower, (1) to (4) The method for producing a softened noodle according to any one of claims.
(6) The method for producing a softened noodle according to any one of (1) to (5) above, wherein the enzyme is at least one selected from amylase, protease, cellulase, and hemicellulase.
(7) The method for producing softened noodles according to any of (1) to (6) above, wherein the softened noodles have a hardness stress of 60,000 N/m 2 or less.
(8) The method for producing a softened noodle according to any one of (1) to (7) above, wherein the softened noodle has an adhesion of 1,000 J/m 3 or less.
(9) The method for producing a softened noodle according to any one of (1) to (8) above, wherein the softened noodle has a length of 30 cm or less.

本発明により、軟質化された麺類の提供が容易となった。本発明の軟質化された麺類は、内部まで均質に軟質化し、舌で潰せる麺類であるため、咀嚼・嚥下困難者等を対象とした介護食、高齢者用食品、医療用食品(術後食、風邪などの体調不良時の食事、歯科疾患患者用の食事)や離乳食等の提供に利用できる。さらに本発明の軟質化された麺類は麺類本来の外観、形状、風味を維持しており、咀嚼・嚥下困難者のみならず健常者等も対象とした幅広い食品の提供に利用できる。 According to the present invention, it is easy to provide softened noodles. The softened noodles of the present invention are noodles that can be softened uniformly to the inside and can be crushed by the tongue, so they are nursing foods for people who have difficulty in chewing and swallowing, foods for the elderly, medical foods (postoperative foods). , Meals when a person is unwell such as a cold, meals for patients with dental disorders) and baby food. Further, the softened noodles of the present invention maintain the original appearance, shape and flavor of noodles, and can be used for providing a wide range of foods for not only persons with difficulty in chewing and swallowing but also healthy persons.

軟質化された麺類の応力変化率を示した図である(実施例6)。It is the figure which showed the stress change rate of the softened noodles (Example 6). 軟質化された麺類の外観を示した図である(実施例8)。It is the figure which showed the external appearance of the softened noodles (Example 8).

本発明の「軟質化された麺類の製造方法」は、液体に投入した麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程及び飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程を含む軟質化された麺類の方法であればよい。このような「軟質化された麺類の製造方法」として、次のA〜Cの工程を含む製造方法が挙げられ、これらの工程に加え、軟質化された麺類の製造に有用なその他の工程を含んでもよい。
A.麺類を液体に投入する工程
B.上記Aの工程を経た麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程
C.上記A又はBの工程を経た麺類を飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程
The "method for producing softened noodles" of the present invention is a method of softened noodles including a step of putting a noodle in a liquid in a tank and evacuating and a heat treatment under a saturated vapor pressure environment. I wish I had it. Examples of such a “method for producing softened noodles” include a production method including the following steps A to C, and in addition to these steps, other steps useful for producing softened noodles are described. May be included.
A. Process B. of adding noodles to a liquid Process C. in which the noodles that have undergone the process of A above are put in a tank and evacuated. A step of heat-treating the noodles subjected to the above step A or B under a saturated vapor pressure environment

「A.麺類を液体に投入する工程」とは、ホテルパン、バット等の容器に入れた水等の液体中に麺類を加えることをいう。この「液体」として水の他に出汁、調味液、酵素や増粘剤等を含む水溶液等が挙げられる。
液体と麺類の量は投入した麺類が液体の中に全て浸る量であればよく、例えば、100〜200gの麺類を用いる場合は1,000〜2,000gの液体を用いる等でよい。「液体」は本発明の軟質化された麺類を製造できる温度であればよいが、沸騰状態の液体よりも、常温や冷えた状態の液体等であることが好ましい。
「A.麺類を液体に投入する工程」として、麺類を液体に投入した後、直ちに次の工程を行ってもよいが、麺類の種類に応じて一定時間浸漬した後、次の工程を行ってもよい。浸漬は麺類が水分を十分に吸収し得る時間行えばよく、また麺類から澱粉等が溶け出して舌触り等の食感に影響を及ぼさない時間行うことが好ましい。このような浸漬時間として、例えば60分以下が挙げられ、麺類の種類、形状(長さ、太さ(横幅)、厚み(高さ))、量等に応じて30分以下、15分以下、10分以下、5分以下、1分以下等であってもよい。
"A. Process of adding noodles to a liquid" refers to adding noodles to a liquid such as water placed in a container such as a hotel pan and a vat. Examples of the "liquid" include, in addition to water, soup stock, a seasoning solution, an aqueous solution containing an enzyme, a thickener, and the like.
The amount of the liquid and the noodles may be such that the added noodles are completely immersed in the liquid. For example, when 100 to 200 g of the noodles is used, 1,000 to 2,000 g of the liquid may be used. The “liquid” may be at a temperature at which the softened noodles of the present invention can be produced, but it is preferably a liquid at room temperature or in a cold state rather than a liquid in a boiling state.
As "A. Step of adding noodles to liquid", the following step may be carried out immediately after adding noodles to the liquid, but after soaking for a certain time depending on the type of noodles, then carrying out the following step Good. Immersion may be carried out for a time that allows the noodles to sufficiently absorb water, and is preferably carried out for a time such that the starch or the like dissolves out of the noodles and does not affect the texture such as the texture. Such immersion time is, for example, 60 minutes or less, 30 minutes or less, 15 minutes or less, depending on the type, shape (length, thickness (width), thickness (height)), amount, etc. of noodles, It may be 10 minutes or less, 5 minutes or less, 1 minute or less, and the like.

「麺類」はヒト等の哺乳類が食品として安全にきっ食できる麺類であれば従来知られているいずれの麺類であってもよい。例えば、うどん、そば、中華めん、フォー、パスタ、焼きそば、素麺、冷麺又は温麺等が挙げられる。これらの麺類は独自で調製した麺類であってもよく、市販の麺類であってもよい。本発明の「軟質化された麺類」を製造できる麺類であれば、乾麺、生麺、茹で麺又は冷凍麺等のいずれであってもよい。 The “noodles” may be any conventionally known noodles as long as mammals such as humans can safely eat them as food. Examples thereof include udon, soba, Chinese noodles, pho, pasta, yakisoba, somen noodles, cold noodles or hot noodles. These noodles may be original noodles or commercially available noodles. Any noodles that can produce the "softened noodles" of the present invention may be dry noodles, raw noodles, boiled noodles, frozen noodles, or the like.

本発明の「麺類」は、さらに添加剤を配合した麺類であってもよい。このような添加剤として、例えば、増粘安定剤であるグアガム、アラビアガム、寒天、ペクチン又はアルギン酸エステル等が挙げられる。また、乳化剤であるモノグリセリド、レシチンの他、酸化防止剤、着色料、保存料、酸味料、調味料又は栄養強化剤等を添加したものであってもよい。これらの添加剤はヒト等の哺乳類が安全にきっ食できるものであれば従来知られているいずれのものも用いることができる。
これらの添加剤は、麺類本来の風味を損なわない程度に配合することが好ましい。
The “noodles” of the present invention may be noodles further containing additives. Examples of such additives include thickening stabilizers such as guar gum, gum arabic, agar, pectin, and alginates. Further, in addition to monoglyceride and lecithin, which are emulsifiers, antioxidants, colorants, preservatives, acidulants, seasonings or nutrient enhancers may be added. As these additives, any conventionally known additives can be used as long as they can be safely eaten by mammals such as humans.
It is preferable that these additives are blended to the extent that the original flavor of noodles is not impaired.

本発明の「麺類」の麺長は、一般的にきっ食されている麺類(20〜30cm程度)と同程度の長さであることが好ましい。例えば30cm以下であればよく、28cm以下、25cm以下、22cm以下、20cm以下、18cm以下、15cm以下、12cm以下、10cm以下、8cm以下、5cm以下等の長さであってもよい。3mm、5mm等の1cmより短い長さであってもよいが、1cm以上30cm以下であることが好ましく、5cm以上、8cm以上、10cm以上等の長い麺長のほうが、摂食者が麺類をきっ食していると認識しやすく特に好ましい。 The noodle length of the “noodles” of the present invention is preferably as long as the generally eaten noodles (about 20 to 30 cm). For example, the length may be 30 cm or less, and may be 28 cm or less, 25 cm or less, 22 cm or less, 20 cm or less, 18 cm or less, 15 cm or less, 12 cm or less, 10 cm or less, 8 cm or less, 5 cm or less. The length may be shorter than 1 cm, such as 3 mm or 5 mm, but is preferably 1 cm or more and 30 cm or less, and longer noodle lengths such as 5 cm or more, 8 cm or more, and 10 cm or more allow the eater to cut the noodles. It is particularly preferable because it is easy to recognize when eating.

本発明の「B.上記Aの工程を経た麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程」とは、麺類を入れた槽内を大気圧以下に処理することをいう。
このような処理方法として、例えば、飽和蒸気調理機内に麺類を設置した後、該調理機の槽内の空気を排除することで圧力を大気圧以下としたり、圧力鍋に麺類を設置した後、蓋をせず開放した状態でデシケータ等に入れ空気を排除することで圧力を大気圧以下としたりすることをいう。
ここで「槽」とは麺類を入れる容器のことをいい、本発明の軟質化された麺類の製造に使用できるものであればどのようなものを用いてもよい。このような「槽」として、例えば飽和蒸気調理機や真空冷却機等における処理槽やデシケータにおける真空槽等が挙げられる。
The "B. step of placing the noodles after the above step A in the tank and evacuation" of the present invention means treating the inside of the tank containing the noodles at atmospheric pressure or lower.
As such a treatment method, for example, after setting the noodles in a saturated steam cooker, the pressure in the tank of the cooking machine is reduced to atmospheric pressure or less by removing the air, or after setting the noodles in a pressure cooker, It means that the pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure or less by putting it in a desiccator or the like with the lid open to remove air.
Here, the “tank” refers to a container for storing noodles, and any container can be used as long as it can be used for producing the softened noodles of the present invention. Examples of such a "tank" include a processing tank in a saturated steam cooker or a vacuum cooler, a vacuum tank in a desiccator, and the like.

この工程を行うにあたり、飽和蒸気調理機や圧力鍋等の従来知られている機器を用いることができる。飽和蒸気調理機として、例えばスチームマイスター(三浦工業株式会社)等が挙げられる。
飽和蒸気調理機を用いてこの工程を行う場合は、1回以上の真空パルスを行う。真空パルスは2回以上行うことが好ましく、3回以上行うことがより好ましい。さらに1回以上の真空パルスを行った場合、真空保持なしであってもよいが、1分以上真空保持することが好ましく、2分以上真空保持することがより好ましい。
In performing this step, a conventionally known device such as a saturated steam cooker or a pressure cooker can be used. Examples of the saturated steam cooker include Steam Meister (Miura Industry Co., Ltd.).
When performing this process using a saturated steam cooker, perform one or more vacuum pulses. The vacuum pulse is preferably performed twice or more, more preferably three times or more. When the vacuum pulse is further performed once or more, the vacuum may not be held, but the vacuum is preferably held for 1 minute or more, and more preferably 2 minutes or more.

「C.上記A又はBの工程を経た麺類を飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程」とは、液体に投入された麺類の加熱を水蒸気(気相)と水相(液相)とが平衡状態となり、同時に存在している飽和状態で行うことをいう。
なお、飽和蒸気圧環境下では、蒸気圧E(hPa)と温度t(℃)が下記の数式1で表される一意的な関係にあるため、温度はムラなく一定である。
"C. The step of heat-treating the noodles that has been subjected to the above step A or B in a saturated vapor pressure environment" means that the heating of the noodles that has been added to the liquid is performed by steam (gas phase) and water phase (liquid phase). It means to carry out in the equilibrium state and the saturated state that exists at the same time.
Note that in a saturated vapor pressure environment, the vapor pressure E (hPa) and the temperature t (°C) have a unique relationship represented by the following mathematical formula 1, so the temperature is uniform and constant.

蒸気圧を大気圧以上にすることで液体の温度を100℃以上にすることも可能である。また、蒸気の凝縮熱伝達率は、空気の熱伝導率と比較して飛躍的(約1,000倍程度)に高いため、飽和蒸気から液体への熱伝導は効率よく行われ、液体の温度を容易にコントロールすることができる。そのため、大気圧下にて沸騰水で茹でる等の従来の麺類の加熱処理と比べて、麺類が投入されている液体が100℃以上の高温に短時間でムラなく昇温されることにより、麺類の中心部まで効率的かつ均等に加熱することが可能となる。 It is also possible to raise the temperature of the liquid to 100° C. or higher by increasing the vapor pressure to atmospheric pressure or higher. In addition, the condensation heat transfer coefficient of vapor is dramatically higher (about 1,000 times) than the heat conductivity of air, so the heat transfer from saturated vapor to liquid is performed efficiently, and the temperature of liquid is easy. Can be controlled. Therefore, compared to the conventional heat treatment of noodles such as boiling with boiling water under atmospheric pressure, the liquid in which the noodles are put in is heated uniformly to a high temperature of 100° C. or higher in a short time, so that the noodles It is possible to efficiently and evenly heat the central part of the.

「C.上記A又はBの工程を経た麺類を飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程」における「加熱処理」の条件は、飽和蒸気圧環境下の温度であれば特に限定されないが、95℃を超え、130℃程度を上限とする温度範囲で行うのが好ましい。100〜130℃程度であることがより好ましく、さらに105℃以上、110℃以上、120℃以上、125℃以上であることが好ましい。また、この際の雰囲気の圧力は1,000〜3,000hPa程度であることが好ましく、1,500〜3,000hPaであることがよりこの好ましく、1,500〜2,000hPaであることがさらに好ましい。
加熱処理の時間は加熱温度によって調整することができ、本発明の軟質化された麺類の製造にあたり有用な時間であれば特に限定されない。例えば、1分以上60分程度であるのが好ましく、3分以上40分程度であるのがより好ましい。
The condition of the "heat treatment" in "C. the step of heat treating the noodles which has been subjected to the above step A or B in the saturated vapor pressure environment" is not particularly limited as long as it is the temperature in the saturated vapor pressure environment, but it is 95°C. It is preferable to carry out in a temperature range of more than 130°C and an upper limit of about 130°C. The temperature is more preferably about 100 to 130°C, further preferably 105°C or higher, 110°C or higher, 120°C or higher, 125°C or higher. The pressure of the atmosphere at this time is preferably about 1,000 to 3,000 hPa, more preferably 1,500 to 3,000 hPa, and even more preferably 1,500 to 2,000 hPa.
The time of the heat treatment can be adjusted depending on the heating temperature, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a useful time for producing the softened noodles of the present invention. For example, it is preferably about 1 minute or more and about 60 minutes, and more preferably about 3 minutes or more and about 40 minutes.

本発明の「軟質化された麺類の製造方法」は、さらに「D.上記Cの工程を経た麺類が入った槽を真空引きする工程」を含むことができる。この「真空引きする工程」は、「B.上記Aの工程を経た麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程」と同様に行うことができる。
本発明の「軟質化された麺類の製造方法」は、「真空引きする工程」及び「飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程」のいずれも含んでいればよく、これらの工程の順序は問わない。
したがって、「液体に投入した麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程」を経た後「飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程」を行ってもよく、麺類を「飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程」を経た後、この「麺類が入った槽内を真空引きする工程」を行ってもよい。さらに「液体に投入した麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程」を経た後「飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程」を経て、この「麺類が入った槽内を真空引きする工程」を行ってもよい。
The "method for producing softened noodles" of the present invention can further include "D. a step of vacuuming the tank containing the noodles that has been subjected to the above step C". This "evacuating step" can be performed in the same manner as "B. the step of putting the noodles, which has been subjected to the above step A, in a tank and evacuating".
The “method for producing softened noodles” of the present invention only needs to include both the “vacuum drawing step” and the “heat treatment step under a saturated vapor pressure environment”, and the order of these steps is arbitrary. Absent.
Therefore, the “heat treatment in a saturated vapor pressure environment” may be performed after the “step of placing the noodles in a liquid in a tank and evacuating”, and the noodles may be “heat treated in a saturated vapor pressure environment. After performing the "step of performing", the "step of vacuuming the inside of the tank containing the noodles" may be performed. Furthermore, after going through "the step of putting the noodles put in the liquid in the tank and evacuating", "the step of heat-treating in a saturated vapor pressure environment", and then "the step of evacuating the tank containing the noodles" You can go.

本発明の軟質化された麺類の製造方法は、さらに「E.上記C又はDの工程を経た麺類を水洗いする工程」を含むことができる。この工程により、加熱処理された麺類の表面に生じたべたつきを低減することが好ましい。ここで水洗いに用いる「水」は本発明の軟質化された麺類を製造できる温度の水であればよく、必要に応じて出汁、調味液、酵素や増粘剤等を含む水溶液等であってもよい。これらは常温や冷えた状態の水等であることが好ましい。
この工程にて水洗いした麺類をそのまま本発明の軟質化された麺類とすることができ、水洗いした後水を切ったものを本発明の軟質化された麺類とすることもできる。また水を切った後、さらに水の入ったホテルパン等の容器に投入して、1分〜24時間浸した後、取り出したものを本発明の軟質化された麺類とすることもできる。
これらの軟質化された麺類は加熱殺菌した後、急速冷凍等により冷凍して保管してもよく、加熱殺菌等を行う前に次に述べる「F.上記C〜Eのいずれかの工程を経た麺類を酵素処理する工程」を行ってもよい。
The method for producing softened noodles of the present invention can further include "E. Step of washing noodles that has been subjected to the above step C or D with water". By this step, it is preferable to reduce stickiness generated on the surface of the heat-treated noodles. The "water" used for washing with water here may be water having a temperature at which the softened noodles of the present invention can be produced, and if necessary, soup stock, seasoning solution, aqueous solution containing an enzyme, a thickener, etc. Good. These are preferably water at room temperature or cold.
The noodles washed in this step with water can be used as they are as the softened noodles of the present invention, and those washed with water and then drained can also be used as the softened noodles of the present invention. After the water is drained, the softened noodles of the present invention can be obtained by further placing the product in a container such as a hotel pan containing water, soaking it for 1 minute to 24 hours, and then taking it out.
These softened noodles may be sterilized by heating and then frozen and stored by rapid freezing or the like. Before performing sterilization by heating, the following “F. The step of enzymatically treating the noodles" may be performed.

すなわち、本発明の軟質化された麺類の製造方法は、さらに「F.上記C〜Eのいずれかの工程を経た麺類を酵素処理する工程」も含むことができる。この工程により、麺類の表面に生じたべたつきを低減し、よりきっ食しやすい麺類とすることが好ましい。
「酵素」は本発明の軟質化された麺類の製造に有用な酵素であれば従来知られるいずれの酵素も用いることができる。このような酵素として、例えばアミラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、セルラーゼ、又はヘミセルラーゼから選択されるいずれか1種以上が挙げられ、これらの酵素は2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。これらの酵素は独自で調製されたものであってもよく、α-アミラーゼとして市販されているスピターゼCP-3(長瀬産業株式会社)等、市販されているものを用いてもよい。
That is, the method for producing softened noodles of the present invention can further include “F. a step of enzymatically treating the noodles that has undergone any of the steps C to E”. By this step, it is preferable that the stickiness generated on the surface of the noodles is reduced to make the noodles easier to eat.
As the “enzyme”, any conventionally known enzyme can be used as long as it is an enzyme useful for the production of the softened noodles of the present invention. Examples of such an enzyme include any one or more selected from amylase, protease, cellulase, and hemicellulase, and these enzymes may be used in combination of two or more kinds. These enzymes may be independently prepared, or commercially available products such as spitase CP-3 (Nagase Sangyo Co., Ltd.) marketed as α-amylase may be used.

この工程において「酵素処理」に使用する酵素は水等で濃度を調整したものを用いることが好ましい。酵素の濃度は本発明の軟質化された麺類が製造できる濃度であればよく、例えば、0.00625 w/w%〜0.1w/w%の範囲内の濃度等が挙げられる。
「酵素処理」の条件は本発明の軟質化された麺類が製造できる条件であれば使用する酵素の種類や濃度によって調整することができる。温度条件は例えば0〜90℃の範囲であればよく、10〜40℃の範囲であることがさらに好ましい。また、処理時間は例えば10秒〜5時間未満の範囲内であればよく、10秒〜1時間が好ましく、10秒〜10分間がより好ましく、さらに10秒〜1分間の範囲内であることが好ましい。
In this step, it is preferable to use an enzyme whose concentration is adjusted with water or the like as the enzyme used for the “enzyme treatment”. The concentration of the enzyme may be any concentration as long as the softened noodles of the present invention can be produced, and examples thereof include a concentration in the range of 0.00625 w/w% to 0.1 w/w%.
The "enzyme treatment" conditions can be adjusted depending on the type and concentration of the enzyme used, as long as the softened noodles of the present invention can be produced. The temperature condition may be, for example, 0 to 90°C, and more preferably 10 to 40°C. The treatment time may be, for example, in the range of 10 seconds to less than 5 hours, preferably 10 seconds to 1 hour, more preferably 10 seconds to 10 minutes, and even more preferably 10 seconds to 1 minute. preferable.

本発明の「軟質化された麺類」は、クリープメータRE2-33005C又はクリープメータRE2-33005B(いずれも株式会社山電)を用いて、本発明の実施例に示す方法により測定したかたさ応力が60,000N/m2以下を示す麺類であればよく、10,000〜50,000N/m2を示す麺類であることがより好ましい。さらに、該かたさ応力が10,000〜40,000N/m2、10,000〜30,000N/m2、10,000〜20,000N/m2を示す麺類であることが好ましい。そして、このような本発明の「軟質化された麺類」は、歪に対する応力変化率が一定である、表面のみならず中心部まで均質なかたさの麺類であることが好ましい。
さらに本発明の「軟質化された麺類」はクリープメータRE2-33005C又はクリープメータRE2-33005B(いずれも株式会社山電)を用いて、本発明の実施例に示す方法により測定した付着性が1,000J/m3以下であればよく、900J/m3以下、800J/m3以下、700J/m3以下、600J/m3以下、500J/m3以下等、数値が小さい方がより好ましい。この付着性の数値が小さい程、咀嚼後においても口腔内や咽頭などに張り付きにくく飲み込みやすい優れた麺類となる。
The "softened noodles" of the present invention is, using a creep meter RE2-33005C or creep meter RE2-33005B (both Sanden Co., Ltd.), the hardness stress measured by the method shown in the examples of the present invention is 60,000. It may be a noodle showing the N / m 2 or less, and more preferably noodle showing a 10,000~50,000N / m 2. Further, the hardness stress 10,000~40,000N / m 2, 10,000~30,000N / m 2, preferably a noodle showing a 10,000~20,000N / m 2. The “softened noodles” of the present invention is preferably noodles that has a constant rate of change in stress with respect to strain and is uniform in hardness not only on the surface but also in the central portion.
Furthermore, the "softened noodles" of the present invention has a adhesion of 1,000 measured by the method shown in the examples of the present invention using a creep meter RE2-33005C or a creep meter RE2-33005B (both Yamaden Co., Ltd.). long J / m 3 or less, 900 J / m 3 or less, 800 J / m 3 or less, 700 J / m 3 or less, 600 J / m 3 or less, 500 J / m 3 or less and the like, it is more preferable number is less. The smaller the value of this adhesiveness is, the better the noodles are, which are less likely to stick to the oral cavity or pharynx even after chewing and are easy to swallow.

以下の実施例、比較例等によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

I.試料
本発明の実施例、比較例では次の試料を共通して使用した。
1.麺類
1)うどん
(1)土川うどん(乾麺、有限会社土川そば(太さ:約3mm、厚み:約1.5mm))
(2)無塩うどん(乾麺、はりま製麺株式会社(太さ:約2mm、厚み:約1.5mm))
I. Samples The following samples were commonly used in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
1. Noodles 1) Udon (1) Tsuchikawa Udon (dry noodles, Tsuchikawa soba (thickness: about 3 mm, thickness: about 1.5 mm))
(2) Unsalted udon (dry noodles, Harima Seimen Co., Ltd. (thickness: about 2 mm, thickness: about 1.5 mm))

2)そば
戸隠高原そば(乾麺、株式会社おびなた(太さ:約1mm、厚み:約0.8mm))
2) Soba Togakushi Kogen Soba (dry noodles, Obinata Co., Ltd. (thickness: about 1 mm, thickness: about 0.8 mm))

3)中華めん
中華そば(乾麺、城北麺工株式会社(太さ:約1.3mm、厚み:約0.7mm))
4)フォー
フォー(乾麺、ユウキ食品株式会社(太さ:約4mm、厚み:約1.1mm))
3) Chinese noodles Chinese noodles (dry noodles, Johoku Menko Co., Ltd. (thickness: about 1.3 mm, thickness: about 0.7 mm))
4) Four Four (dry noodles, Yuki Foods Co., Ltd. (thickness: about 4 mm, thickness: about 1.1 mm))

5)パスタ
(1)マ・マー1.4mm(乾麺、日清フーズ株式会社(太さ:約1.4mm、厚み:約1.4mm))
(2)マ・マー早ゆで1.4mm(乾麺、日清フーズ株式会社(太さ:約1.4mm、厚み:約1.4mm))
5) Pasta (1) Ma Ma 1.4mm (dry noodles, Nissin Foods Co., Ltd. (thickness: about 1.4mm, thickness: about 1.4mm))
(2) Ma Ma Haya-boiled 1.4 mm (Dry noodles, Nissin Foods Co., Ltd. (thickness: about 1.4 mm, thickness: about 1.4 mm))

2.酵素
アミラーゼ(α-アミラーゼ、品名:スピターゼCP-3、長瀬産業株式会社)
2. Enzyme amylase (α-amylase, product name: spitase CP-3, Nagase & Co., Ltd.)

3.機器
1)飽和蒸気調理機(品名:スチームマイスターCK-120V、三浦工業株式会社)
2)圧力鍋(品名:エコクッカー 4.5L H-5143、パール金属株式会社)
3)レンジ圧力鍋(品名:電子レンジ圧力鍋 2.3 L MPC-2.3NR、株式会社マイヤージャパン)
4)スチームレンジ(品名:過熱水蒸気オーブンレンジER-JD410、東芝ライフスタイル株式会社)
3. Equipment 1) Saturated steam cooker (Product name: Steam Meister CK-120V, Miura Industry Co., Ltd.)
2) Pressure cooker (Product name: Eco Cooker 4.5L H-5143, Pearl Metal Co., Ltd.)
3) Range pressure cooker (Product name: Microwave oven pressure cooker 2.3 L MPC-2.3NR, Meyer Japan Co., Ltd.)
4) Steam range (Product name: Superheated steam oven range ER-JD410, Toshiba Lifestyle Corporation)

II.物性測定方法(1)
本発明の実施例1〜5、比較例ア〜サにおいては次の方法により物性測定を行った。
<かたさ応力>
クリープメータRE2-33005C(株式会社山電)を用いて麺類のかたさ応力を測定した。
すなわち、測定にあたり20Nのロードセルをセットし、幅8mm、奥行き1mm、高さ10mmのせん断用のプランジャーを使用した。測定条件は、測定速度は5mm/sec、測定歪率は90%、接触面積(mm2)は麺厚(mm)×1mmに設定した。本発明の軟質化された麺類又は比較例において処理した麺類を試料として測定台に乗せ、麺類そのもののかたさ応力を測定した。
このかたさ応力は麺類ごとに異なる試料を対象として3回測定し、結果から求めた平均を各軟質化された麺類又は比較例において処理した麺類のかたさ応力(平均)とした。
II. Physical property measurement method (1)
In Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples A to SA of the present invention, physical properties were measured by the following methods.
<Hardness stress>
Hardness stress of noodles was measured using a creep meter RE2-33005C (Yamaden Co., Ltd.).
That is, a 20N load cell was set for measurement, and a shearing plunger having a width of 8 mm, a depth of 1 mm and a height of 10 mm was used. The measurement conditions were set such that the measurement speed was 5 mm/sec, the measured strain rate was 90%, and the contact area (mm 2 ) was noodle thickness (mm)×1 mm. The softened noodles of the present invention or the noodles treated in Comparative Example was placed as a sample on a measuring stand to measure the hardness stress of the noodles themselves.
This hardness stress was measured three times for samples different for each noodle, and the average obtained from the results was used as the hardness stress (average) of each softened noodle or the noodles treated in Comparative Example.

<付着性>
クリープメータRE2-33005C(株式会社山電)を用いて麺類の付着性を測定した。
すなわち、本発明品の軟質化された麺類又は比較例において処理した麺類40gをそれぞれポリ袋に入れてシールし、ビーカーの底面で袋の外側から各麺類を20回押し潰し、模擬咀嚼された試料とした。この各試料を直径40mm、高さ15mmのシャーレに満たした。
測定にあたり20Nのロードセルをセットし、直径20mm、高さ8mmの円柱型プランジャーを使用した。測定条件は、測定速度は10mm/sec、測定歪率は66.67%、接触面直径(mm)は20mmに設定した。シャーレを測定台に乗せ、模擬咀嚼された軟質化された麺類又は比較例において処理した麺類の付着性を測定した。
この付着性は麺類ごとに異なる試料を対象として3回測定し、結果から求めた平均を各軟質化された麺類又は比較例において処理した麺類の付着性(平均)とした。
<Adhesiveness>
The adhesion of noodles was measured using a creep meter RE2-33005C (Yamaden Co., Ltd.).
That is, 40 g of noodles softened according to the present invention or treated in Comparative Example was placed in a plastic bag and sealed, and each noodle was crushed 20 times from the outside of the bag at the bottom of the beaker, and the sample was simulated chewed. And Each sample was filled in a petri dish having a diameter of 40 mm and a height of 15 mm.
A 20N load cell was set for the measurement, and a cylindrical plunger having a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 8 mm was used. The measurement conditions were set such that the measurement speed was 10 mm/sec, the measured strain rate was 66.67%, and the contact surface diameter (mm) was 20 mm. The petri dish was placed on a measuring table, and the adhesion of the softened noodles chewed in a simulated manner or the noodles treated in Comparative Example was measured.
This adhesiveness was measured three times for samples different for each noodle, and the average obtained from the results was taken as the adhesiveness (average) of each softened noodle or the noodles treated in Comparative Example.

III.官能評価
本発明の実施例1〜5、比較例ア〜サにおいては、次の基準により官能評価を行った。
訓練を受けたパネラー3名により、次の各基準の評価を行い、官能評価におけるいずれの項目も3点以上のものを本発明の軟質化された麺類とした。
<外観>
きっ食する直前の状態を目視で観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
5点:従来の麺類と同等の外観を有する
4点:やや変化はあるが、従来の麺類と遜色ない外観を有する
3点:外観に変化はあるが、従来の麺類に該当すると認識できる外観を有する
2点:従来の麺類と外観が異なる
1点:従来の麺類と著しく外観が異なり、麺類と認識できない
III. Sensory Evaluation In Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples A to SA of the present invention, sensory evaluation was performed according to the following criteria.
Three trained panelists evaluated each of the following criteria, and each item in the sensory evaluation had a score of 3 or more as the softened noodles of the present invention.
<Appearance>
The state immediately before eating was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
5 points: Appearance equivalent to conventional noodles 4 points: Some changes, but appearance comparable to conventional noodles 3 points: Appearance that can be recognized as corresponding to conventional noodles, although appearance changes Have 2 points: The appearance is different from conventional noodles
1 point: The appearance is significantly different from conventional noodles, and it cannot be recognized as noodles.

<風味>
麺類をきっ食した際の香り及び味について、以下の基準で評価した。
5点:香り・味ともによく、従来の麺類と同等に美味しく感じる
4点:香り・味にやや変化はあるが、従来の麺類と遜色なく美味しく感じる
3点:香り・味に変化はあるが、従来の麺類に該当するものと感じられる
2点:香り・味に変化がある
1点:香り・味に著しい変化があり、麺類と認識できない
<flavor>
The following criteria evaluated the aroma and taste when eating noodles.
5 points: Aroma and taste are good, and it tastes as good as conventional noodles 4 points: There is some change in aroma and taste, but it feels as good as conventional noodles 3 points: There is a change in aroma and taste, It seems that it corresponds to conventional noodles 2 points: Aroma and taste change
1 point: There is a significant change in aroma and taste, and it cannot be recognized as noodles.

<舌触り>
口腔内に入れた際に感じられる麺類の滑らかさやべたつきについて、以下の基準で評価した。
5点:舌触りが滑らかで従来の麺類と同等に感じられる
4点:舌触りの滑らかさにやや変化はあるが、従来の麺類と遜色なく感じられる
3点:ややべたつく舌触りだが、従来の麺類に該当するものと感じられる
2点:べたつく舌触りである
1点:著しくべたつく舌触りであり、麺類と認識できない
<Feeling>
The smoothness and stickiness of the noodles felt when placed in the oral cavity were evaluated according to the following criteria.
5 points: The texture is smooth and feels the same as conventional noodles. 4 points: The texture of the texture is slightly changed, but it feels comparable to conventional noodles. 3 points: The texture is slightly sticky, but it corresponds to conventional noodles. 2 points: Sticky texture 1 point: Remarkably sticky texture, not recognizable as noodles

<食感>
舌の上において、舌と口蓋で押し潰した際の麺類の弾力について、以下の基準で評価した。
5点:従来の麺類と同等の弾力が感じられる
4点:やや変化はあるが、従来の麺類と遜色ない弾力が感じられる
3点:弾力がわずかにあり、麺類の形を感じられる
2点:弾力がほとんどない
1点:弾力がなく、押し潰した際にペースト状に伸び、麺類と認識できない
<Texture>
On the tongue, the elasticity of noodles when crushed by the tongue and palate was evaluated according to the following criteria.
5 points: Elasticity equivalent to that of conventional noodles is felt 4 points: There is some change, but elasticity comparable to that of conventional noodles is felt 3 points: Slightly elastic, noodle shape is felt 2 points: Almost no elasticity 1 point: There is no elasticity, it expands into a paste when crushed and cannot be recognized as noodles

<やわらかさ>
舌の上において、舌と口蓋で押し潰した際の麺類の潰れ易さについて、以下の基準で評価した。
5点:舌と口蓋で容易に押し潰せるほど均一なやわらかさを有する
4点:舌と口蓋で押し潰せるほど均一なやわらかさを有する
3点:少し力が必要だが舌と口蓋で押し潰せるやわらかさを有する
2点:舌と口蓋で押し潰しにくい
1点:舌と口蓋で押し潰せない
<Softness>
On the tongue, the crushability of noodles when crushed by the tongue and palate was evaluated according to the following criteria.
5 points: Uniform softness that can be easily crushed by the tongue and palate 4 points: Even softness that can be crushed by the tongue and palate 3 points: Softness that can be crushed by the tongue and palate with a little force 2 points: It is difficult to crush with the tongue and palate 1 point: Cannot be crushed with the tongue and palate

[実施例1]
軟質化されたうどんの製造方法(1a)
次のA〜Eの工程により軟質化されたうどんを製造した。
A.土川うどん100gを予め液体(常温水1,000g)を入れたホテルパンに投入した。
B.Aの工程を経たうどんを直ちに飽和蒸気調理機の処理槽にセットし、真空引き(真空パルス1回・真空保持なし)を行った。
C.Bの工程を経たうどんをそのまま飽和蒸気圧環境下で120℃、22分間加熱処理した。
D.Cの工程を経たうどんを常温水で水洗いし、水を切った後、水の入ったホテルパンに投入し、1分間浸した。
E.Dの工程を経たうどんを水から取り出し、常温水で水洗い後、水をよく切ってプラスチックの容器(約10cm×10cm×2cm)に充填し、シールをして90℃で10分間加熱殺菌した。その後、急速冷凍して保管した。
[Example 1]
Method for producing softened udon (1a)
The softened udon was manufactured by the following steps A to E.
A. 100 g of Tsuchikawa udon was put in a hotel pan that was previously filled with a liquid (1,000 g of room temperature water).
B. The udon that had undergone the step A was immediately set in the treatment tank of the saturated steam cooker, and vacuumed (vacuum pulse once, no vacuum held).
C. The udon subjected to the step B was directly heat-treated at 120° C. for 22 minutes in a saturated vapor pressure environment.
D. Udon that had been subjected to the step C was washed with normal temperature water, drained, put into a hotel pan containing water, and soaked for 1 minute.
E. The udon that had been subjected to step D was taken out of the water, washed with water at room temperature, thoroughly drained, filled in a plastic container (about 10 cm×10 cm×2 cm), sealed, and heat-sterilized at 90° C. for 10 minutes. Then, it quick-frozen and stored.

軟質化されたうどんの製造方法(1b)
土川うどんを用いて、上記(1a)に記載の方法と同様にA〜Cの工程を行った後、次のD、Eの工程を行い、軟質化されたうどんを製造した。
D.Cの工程を経たうどんを常温水で水洗いし、水を切った後、アミラーゼ0.025%溶液の入ったホテルパンに投入し、この酵素液に1分間浸した。
E.Dの工程を経たうどんを酵素液から取り出し、常温水で水洗いして酵素液を除去し、水をよく切ってプラスチックの容器に充填し、上記(1a)に記載の方法と同様に加熱殺菌した後、急速冷凍して保管した。
Method for producing softened udon (1b)
Tachikawa udon was used to perform steps A to C in the same manner as in the method described in (1a) above, and then the following steps D and E were performed to produce softened udon.
D. Udon that had been subjected to the step C was washed with normal temperature water, drained, put into a hotel pan containing a 0.025% solution of amylase, and immersed in this enzyme solution for 1 minute.
E. Udon that has undergone step D is taken out of the enzyme solution, washed with water at room temperature to remove the enzyme solution, well drained and filled in a plastic container, and heat sterilized in the same manner as in the above (1a). Then, it was quick frozen and stored.

上記(1a)及び(1b)に記載の方法によって製造された各うどんを容器ごと80℃ 25分間スチームレンジで加熱して解凍し、室温に戻した後、物性測定及び官能評価を行った。
表1に示されるように、うどんを水に投入した後、飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程を経ることにより、かたさ応力が60,000N/m2以下であり、外観、風味、舌触り、食感及びやわらかさに優れた軟質化されたうどんが製造できることが確認できた。また、酵素処理をする工程をさらに経ることにより、麺表面のべたつきが低減して舌触りがよく、より弾力を感じられる軟質化されたうどんが製造できることが確認できた。
Each udon produced by the method described in the above (1a) and (1b) was heated in a steam range at 80° C. for 25 minutes in a steam range to thaw it and returned to room temperature, and then physical properties were measured and sensory evaluation was performed.
As shown in Table 1, the hardness stress is 60,000 N/m 2 or less due to the heat treatment in a saturated vapor pressure environment after pouring the udon into water, and the appearance, flavor, texture, and food It was confirmed that a softened udon excellent in texture and softness could be produced. In addition, it was confirmed that, by further passing through the step of performing the enzyme treatment, a softened udon can be produced in which the stickiness of the noodle surface is reduced, the texture is good, and the elasticity is more felt.

[実施例2]
軟質化された麺類の製造方法
様々な麺類(うどん、そば、中華めん、フォー、パスタ)を用い、実施例1の製造方法(1b)と同様の工程を経ることにより軟質化された麺類を製造した。各麺類における加熱処理の条件は表2に示した。
また、麺類として早ゆでパスタを用いた場合は、Aの工程において次の処理を行った後、B〜Eの工程を行い、軟質化された早ゆでパスタを製造した。
A.早ゆでパスタ100gを予め液体(常温水1,000g)を入れたホテルパンに投入した後、60分間静置した。
その後、冷凍保管した各麺類を容器ごと80℃ 25分間スチームレンジで加熱して解凍し、室温に戻した後、物性測定及び官能評価を行った。
[Example 2]
Method for producing softened noodles A variety of noodles (udon, soba, Chinese noodles, pho, pasta) were used to produce softened noodles by the same steps as in the production method (1b) of Example 1. .. The heat treatment conditions for each noodle are shown in Table 2.
Moreover, when the early-boiled pasta was used as noodles, after performing the following process in the process A, the process of B-E was performed and the softened early-boiled pasta was manufactured.
A. 100 g of the boiled pasta was put into a hotel pan containing a liquid (1,000 g of room temperature water) in advance, and then left standing for 60 minutes.
After that, each frozen noodle was heated with a container in a steam range at 80° C. for 25 minutes to thaw it, and after returning to room temperature, physical properties were measured and sensory evaluation was performed.

[比較例ア〜コ]
様々な麺類(うどん、そば、中華めん、フォー、パスタ又は早ゆでパスタ)を用い、次の工程を経ることにより麺類を処理した。
すなわち、鍋に2,000gの水を沸騰させ、各麺類50gを投入し、沸騰させながら加熱した。加熱後、お湯を切って、茹でた各麺類を常温水で水洗いし、水を切った後、室温に戻して物性測定及び官能評価を行った。各麺類における加熱処理の条件は表2に示した。各麺類の比較例のうち短い加熱処理時間はメーカーより推奨されている各麺類の茹で時間であり、長い加熱処理時間は一般に家庭で調理する際に長く感じられると想定される茹で時間を設定したものである。
[Comparative examples a to ko]
The noodles were treated with various noodles (udon, soba, Chinese noodles, pho, pasta or boiled pasta) by the following steps.
That is, 2,000 g of water was boiled in a pan, 50 g of each noodle was added, and heated while boiling. After heating, the hot water was cut off, and each boiled noodle was washed with room temperature water. The heat treatment conditions for each noodle are shown in Table 2. Among the comparative examples of each noodle, the short heat treatment time is the boiling time of each noodle recommended by the manufacturer, and the long heat treatment time is set to the boiling time which is generally assumed to be long when cooking at home. It is a thing.

実施例、比較例ともに各麺類の物性測定及び官能評価の結果を表2に示した。表2に示されるように、うどん、そば、中華めん、フォー又はパスタのいずれの麺類を用いた場合も液体に投入した後、槽内に入れ真空引きする工程及び飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程を経ることにより、かたさ応力が60,000N/m2以下であり、外観、風味、舌触り、食感及びやわらかさに優れた軟質化された麺類が製造できることが確認できた。また、早ゆでパスタを用いた場合も同様にかたさ応力が60,000N/m2以下であり、外観、風味、舌触り、食感及びやわらかさに優れた軟質化された麺類が製造できることが確認できた。
なお、模擬咀嚼後の実施例2aの軟質化されたうどんの付着性(平均)は392J/m3であり、比較例アのうどんの1,487J/m3、比較例イのうどんの1,496J/m3より明らかに小さかった。この結果より、本発明の軟質化された麺類は口に入れた際の舌触りが優れているだけではなく、咀嚼後においても口腔内や咽頭などに張り付きにくく飲み込みやすい優れた麺類であることが示された。
The results of physical property measurement and sensory evaluation of each noodle are shown in Table 2 in both Examples and Comparative Examples. As shown in Table 2, when noodles such as udon, buckwheat noodles, Chinese noodles, pho or pasta are used, they are put into a liquid, then placed in a tank and evacuated, and heat-treated under a saturated vapor pressure environment. It was confirmed that the softened noodles having a hardness stress of 60,000 N/m 2 or less and excellent in appearance, flavor, texture, texture and softness can be produced through the steps. Further, even when using the early-boiled pasta, the hardness stress was 60,000 N/m 2 or less, and it was confirmed that softened noodles excellent in appearance, flavor, texture, texture and softness could be produced. ..
The adhesiveness (average) of the softened udon of Example 2a after simulated chewing was 392 J/m 3 , which was 1,487 J/m 3 of the udon of Comparative Example A and 1,496 J/m 3 of the udon of Comparative Example A. It was clearly smaller than m 3 . The results show that the softened noodles of the present invention are not only excellent in texture when put in the mouth, but also excellent noodles that are difficult to stick to the oral cavity and pharynx even after chewing and are easy to swallow. Was done.

[実施例3]
軟質化された麺類の製造方法
無塩うどんを用い、実施例1の製造方法(1b)と同様の工程を経ることにより軟質化されたうどんを製造した。比較として、Aの工程において常温ではなく沸騰状態の液体(水)にうどんを投入して処理した。いずれの場合も飽和蒸気圧環境下における加熱処理の条件は120℃、12分間とした。
その後、冷凍保管した各うどんを容器ごと80℃ 25分間スチームレンジで加熱して解凍し、室温に戻した後、物性測定及び官能評価を行った。
[Example 3]
Method for manufacturing softened noodles Using salt-free udon, a softened udon was manufactured through the same steps as in the manufacturing method (1b) of Example 1. For comparison, in the step A, udon was added to the liquid (water) in a boiling state, not at room temperature, for processing. In both cases, the heat treatment conditions under a saturated vapor pressure environment were 120° C. and 12 minutes.
Then, each frozen udon was heated with a container in a steam range at 80° C. for 25 minutes to thaw it, and after returning to room temperature, physical properties were measured and sensory evaluation was performed.

実施例、比較例ともに各うどんの物性測定及び官能評価の結果を表3に示した。表3に示されるように、常温の液体にうどんを投入して処理した場合はかたさ応力が60,000N/m2以下であり、外観、風味、舌触り、食感及びやわらかさに優れた軟質化された麺類が製造できることが確認できた。一方、沸騰状態の液体にうどんを投入して処理した場合は外観、風味、舌触り、食感等がかなり劣るうどんしか製造できないことが示された。
従って、この結果より、本発明の軟質化された麺類の製造方法においては、「A.麺類を液体に投入する工程」において、沸騰状態の液体よりも常温の液体等を用いることが重要であることが示唆された。
Table 3 shows the results of physical property measurement and sensory evaluation of each udon in both the examples and the comparative examples. As shown in Table 3, when udon is poured into a liquid at room temperature, the hardness stress is 60,000 N/m 2 or less, and it is softened with excellent appearance, flavor, texture, texture and softness. It was confirmed that noodles could be produced. On the other hand, it has been shown that when udon is added to a liquid in a boiling state and treated, only udon which is considerably inferior in appearance, flavor, texture and texture can be produced.
Therefore, from this result, in the method for producing softened noodles of the present invention, it is important to use a liquid at room temperature rather than a liquid in a boiling state in "A. Step of adding noodles to liquid". It has been suggested.

[実施例4]
軟質化された麺類の製造方法
無塩うどん100gを予め沸騰水2,000gを入れた鍋に投入し15分間茹でた。この茹で麺を用い、実施例1の製造方法(1b)と同様の工程を経ることにより軟質化されたうどんを製造した。飽和蒸気圧環境下における加熱処理の条件は120℃、5分間とした。
その後、冷凍保管した各うどんを容器ごと80℃ 25分間スチームレンジで加熱して解凍し、室温に戻した後、物性測定及び官能評価を行った。
[Example 4]
Method for producing softened noodles 100 g of salt-free udon was placed in a pan containing 2,000 g of boiling water in advance and boiled for 15 minutes. Using this boiled noodle, a softened udon noodle was produced by the same process as in the production method (1b) of Example 1. The conditions of heat treatment in a saturated vapor pressure environment were 120° C. and 5 minutes.
Then, each frozen udon was heated with a container in a steam range at 80° C. for 25 minutes to thaw it, and after returning to room temperature, physical properties were measured and sensory evaluation was performed.

その結果、かたさ応力(平均)が45,833N/m2であり、外観、風味、舌触り、食感及びやわらかさの評価点数がいずれも4である優れた軟質化された麺類が製造できることが確認できた。従ってこの結果より、α化した麺類(ゆで麺)を用いた場合でも、麺類本来の外観、形状、風味を有しながら麺内部が均質に軟質化され舌でも容易に潰せる麺類が製造できることが確認できた。 As a result, it can be confirmed that excellent softened noodles having a hardness stress (average) of 45,833 N/m 2 and an evaluation score of 4 for appearance, flavor, texture, texture and softness can be produced. It was Therefore, from these results, it was confirmed that even when the gelatinized noodles (boiled noodles) are used, it is possible to produce noodles that have the original appearance, shape, and flavor of the noodles but are homogeneously softened inside the noodles and can be easily crushed by the tongue. did it.

[実施例5]
摂食嚥下の専門家による軟質化された麺類の評価
咀嚼・嚥下困難者等に提供する場合のモデル食として、軟質化されたうどんと具材を含むうどんを製造し、摂食嚥下の専門家の試食により評価を行った。
[Example 5]
Evaluation of softened noodles by eating and swallowing specialists As a model food for providing to people with difficulty chewing and swallowing, we manufacture udon containing softened udon and ingredients, and a specialist in eating and swallowing Evaluation was carried out by tasting.

1.うどん(モデル食)の製造
1)軟質化されたうどんの製造方法
次のA〜Eの工程により軟質化されたうどんを製造した。
A.無塩うどん200gを予め液体(常温水2,000g)を入れたホテルパンに投入した。
B.Aの工程を経たうどんを直ちに飽和蒸気調理機の処理槽にセットし、真空引き(真空パルス1回・真空保持なし)を行った。
C.Bの工程を経たうどんをそのまま飽和蒸気圧環境下で120℃、12分間加熱処理した。
D.Cの工程を経たうどんを常温水で水洗いし、水を切った後、アミラーゼ0.025%溶液の入ったホテルパンに投入し、酵素液に1分間浸した。
E.Dの工程を経たうどんを酵素液から取り出し、常温水で水洗いして酵素液を除去し、水をよく切った。
1. Production of Udon (Model Food) 1) Method for Producing Softened Udon Softened udon was produced by the following steps A to E.
A. 200 g of unsalted udon was placed in a hotel pan previously filled with a liquid (2,000 g of room temperature water).
B. The udon that had undergone the step A was immediately set in the treatment tank of the saturated steam cooker, and vacuumed (vacuum pulse once, no vacuum held).
C. The udon subjected to the step B was heat-treated as it was in a saturated vapor pressure environment at 120° C. for 12 minutes.
D. Udon that had been subjected to the step C was washed with normal temperature water, drained, put into a hotel pan containing a 0.025% solution of amylase, and immersed in the enzyme solution for 1 minute.
E. Udon that had been subjected to step D was taken out from the enzyme solution, washed with normal temperature water to remove the enzyme solution, and the water was drained well.

2)うどん(モデル食)の製造方法
上記1)によって製造された軟質化されたうどん60g、やわらかく処理した各具材(鶏肉10g、長葱10g、菜の花5g、花麩6g)、ねり梅2g及び調味液(麺つゆ(濃縮タイプ)に水、鰹だし、昆布だし、砂糖、食塩及びキサンタンガムを加え、混合して調製したうどん調味液)50gをプラスチックの容器に充填し、シールして50℃で30分間の加熱処理後90℃で10分間加熱殺菌した。その後、急速冷凍して保管した。
2) Manufacturing method of udon (model food) 60 g of softened udon manufactured by the above 1), softly treated ingredients (10 g of chicken, 10 g of leek, 5 g of rapeseed, 6 g of hafu), 2 g of ume and Fill a plastic container with 50 g of seasoning liquid (noodle soup (concentrated type), water, bonito dashi, kelp dashi, sugar, salt and xanthan gum, and mix) into a plastic container, seal and seal at 50°C. After heat treatment for 30 minutes, heat sterilization was performed at 90°C for 10 minutes. Then, it quick-frozen and stored.

2.摂食嚥下の専門家による軟質化されたうどんの評価
上記1で製造したうどん(モデル食)を保温容器に入れ、発熱剤(エディックスーパーヒート・株式会社エネルダイン)に水を注ぎ温め、摂食嚥下の専門家(医師、歯科医師、看護師、言語聴覚士、管理栄養士及び理学療法士)35名に試食用に提供した。試食した各専門家はこのうどん(モデル食)に含まれる軟質化されたうどんのみを対象として次の評価項目について5段階で評価を行った。いずれも評価結果が高いものを5とし低いものを1とした。評価結果は表4に示した。
<評価項目>
外観:うどんと認知できる外観を有しているか否か
風味:うどんの麺のみを試食した場合に、うどん本来の風味と違和感がないか
やわらかさ:咀嚼を必要とせず、舌のみで潰すことができるか
食塊形成のしやすさ:舌で潰した後、まとまって食塊を形成しやすいか
飲み込みやすさ:咽頭や食道で詰まらず嚥下しやすいか
2. Evaluation of softened udon by experts in eating and swallowing The udon (model food) produced in 1 above was placed in a heat-retaining container, water was poured into a heat-generating agent (EDIC Super Heat Co., Ltd. Eneldine) to warm it, and swallowing was performed. It was provided to 35 experts (doctors, dentists, nurses, speech therapists, dietitians and physical therapists) for tasting. The experts who tasted each of them evaluated the following evaluation items on a 5-point scale only for the softened udon contained in this udon (model food). In all cases, the highest evaluation result was 5 and the low evaluation result was 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
<Evaluation items>
Appearance: Whether or not it has a recognizable appearance as udon Flavor: If you try only udon noodles, there is no discomfort with the original flavor of udon Softness: You do not need to chew and you can crush it only with your tongue Easiness of food bolus formation: After crushing with the tongue, it is easy to form a food bolus easily Ease of swallowing: Is it easy to swallow without clogging the pharynx or esophagus

各評価項目について、評価結果を表4に示した。表4に示されるように、「外観」を「良い」、「やや良い」と評価した人数は35名中35名であり、全ての専門家に「うどん」と認知してもらえる形状であることが明らかとなった。また、「やわらかさ」を「良い」、「やや良い」と評価した人数は35名中29名、「飲み込みやすさ」を「良い」、「やや良い」と評価した人数は35名中25名とそれぞれ大半を占め、舌のみで潰すことができ、飲み込みやすい物性であると評価された。
従って、本願発明の製造方法によって得られる軟質化されたうどんは、通常のうどんと同様にうどんとして認知できる外観を有しており、うどん本来の風味を示すものであり、大多数の人において舌のみで潰すことができ、食塊形成しやすく飲み込みやすい軟質化されたうどんであることが確認できた。
The evaluation results for each evaluation item are shown in Table 4. As shown in Table 4, the number of people who evaluated the "appearance" as "good" or "somewhat good" was 35 out of 35, and the shape should be recognized by all experts as "udon". Became clear. In addition, the number of people who rated "softness" as "good" or "somewhat good" was 29 out of 35, and the number of people who rated "easy to swallow" as "good" or "somewhat good" was 25 out of 35. It was evaluated as having physical properties that make it easy to swallow, occupying most of each, and crushable only with the tongue.
Therefore, the softened udon obtained by the production method of the present invention has an appearance that can be recognized as udon like ordinary udon, and shows the original taste of udon, which is the tongue in the majority of people. It was confirmed that it was a softened udon that could be crushed only by itself and was easy to form a bolus and easy to swallow.

[実施例6]
軟質化されたうどんの製造方法(6a〜6f)
次のA〜Eの工程により軟質化されたうどんを製造した。各製造方法における真空引き及び加熱処理の条件は表5に示した。
A.無塩うどん100gを半分に折り、予め液体(常温水1,000g)を入れたホテルパンに投入した。
B.Aの工程を経たうどんを直ちに飽和蒸気調理機の処理槽にセットし、真空引き(1)を行った。
C.Bの工程を経たうどんをそのまま飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理した。
D.Cの工程を経たうどんを復圧処理(5分間)した後、真空引き(2)を行い粗熱を取った。
E.Dの工程を経たうどんを液体から取り出し、常温水で水洗い後、水をよく切ってプラスチックの容器(約10cm×10cm×2cm)に充填し、シールをして85℃で10分間加熱殺菌した。その後、急速冷凍して保管した。
[Example 6]
Method for producing softened udon (6a to 6f)
The softened udon was manufactured by the following steps A to E. Table 5 shows the conditions of evacuation and heat treatment in each manufacturing method.
A. 100g of unsalted udon was folded in half and put into a hotel pan that had been filled with liquid (1,000g of room temperature water) in advance.
B. The udon that had undergone the process of A was immediately set in the treatment tank of the saturated steam cooker, and vacuumed (1).
C. The udon subjected to the step B was heat-treated as it was in a saturated vapor pressure environment.
D. After the pressure-reducing treatment (5 minutes) of the udon that had been subjected to the step C, a vacuuming (2) was performed to remove the crude heat.
E. The udon that had been subjected to step D was taken out of the liquid, washed with water at room temperature, thoroughly drained and filled in a plastic container (about 10 cm×10 cm×2 cm), sealed, and sterilized by heating at 85° C. for 10 minutes. Then, it quick-frozen and stored.

比較として真空引きを行わない次の各方法によって無塩うどんを処理した後、上記Eの工程と同様に水洗いから急速冷凍保管までの処理を行った。
比較例シ:無塩うどん100gを半分に折り、予め液体(常温水1,000g)を入れた圧力鍋に投入した。大気圧条件下で2分間保持した後、加圧して100kPaに到達した段階から16分間加熱した(約120℃)。加熱後そのまま5分間放置して復圧した後、大気圧条件下で5分間保持した。
比較例ス:非特許文献1に記載の方法に沿って、上記比較例シと同様に圧力鍋にうどんを投入し、加圧して100kPaに到達した段階から3分間加熱した(約120℃)。加熱後そのまま10分間放置して復圧した。
比較例セ:非特許文献2に記載の方法に沿って、無塩うどん100gを半分に折り、予め液体(常温水1,000g)を入れたレンジ圧力鍋に投入した。加圧状態に到達した段階から500Wで6分間加熱した(100℃以上)。加熱後そのまま約1分間保持した。
As a comparison, after processing salt-free udon by the following methods without vacuuming, the steps from washing with water to quick-freezing were carried out in the same manner as in the above step E.
Comparative Example Shi: 100 g of salt-free udon was folded in half and put into a pressure cooker containing a liquid (1,000 g of room temperature water) in advance. After being held under atmospheric pressure for 2 minutes, the pressure was increased to 100 kPa and heating was continued for 16 minutes (about 120° C.). After heating, the mixture was left as it was for 5 minutes to recover the pressure, and then kept under atmospheric pressure for 5 minutes.
Comparative Example S: In accordance with the method described in Non-Patent Document 1, udon was placed in a pressure cooker in the same manner as in Comparative Example S, and heated for 3 minutes from the stage when pressure was reached to 100 kPa (about 120° C.). After heating, the pressure was restored as it was for 10 minutes.
Comparative Example C: According to the method described in Non-Patent Document 2, 100 g of salt-free udon was folded in half and placed in a range pressure cooker containing a liquid (1,000 g of room temperature water) in advance. After reaching the pressurized state, heating was performed at 500 W for 6 minutes (100°C or higher). After heating, it was kept for about 1 minute.

IV.物性測定方法(2)
本発明の実施例6〜8、比較例シ〜セにおいては、次の方法により物性測定を行った。
<かたさ応力>
クリープメータRE2-33005B(株式会社山電)を用いて、実施例1〜5、比較例ア〜サと同様の方法により麺類のかたさ応力を測定した。
IV. Physical property measurement method (2)
In Examples 6 to 8 and Comparative Examples S to C of the present invention, physical properties were measured by the following methods.
<Hardness stress>
Hardness stress of noodles was measured by the same method as in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples A to SA using a creep meter RE2-33005B (Yamaden Co., Ltd.).

<応力変化率>
上記のかたさ応力の測定の際に、麺類をせん断用のプランジャーで押しつぶす際の麺の歪みに対するかたさ応力の波形を調べた。この波形を微分することで、歪みに対するかたさ応力の変化率(傾き)を求め、応力変化率とした。
応力変化率は各麺類がプランジャーの圧縮によって歪んだ際に加わる局所的な力の変化を表すものであり、各麺類に力が加わる場合は応力変化率が正となり、力が抜ける場合は負となる。そして応力変化率が零の場合は各麺類において力の増減がないことを示す。
従って、中心部に行くほどかたい麺類であれば、歪みが進むに従って応力変化率も上昇することになるが、中心部まで均質なかたさの麺類であれば、歪みが進んでも一定の応力変化率を示すこととなる。
<Stress change rate>
At the time of measuring the above-mentioned hardness stress, the waveform of the hardness stress against the strain of the noodles when the noodles were crushed with a plunger for shearing was examined. By differentiating this waveform, the change rate (slope) of the hardness stress with respect to the strain was obtained and used as the stress change rate.
The stress change rate represents the change in local force applied when each noodle is distorted by the compression of the plunger.When the force is applied to each noodle, the stress change rate is positive, and when the force is released, it is negative. Becomes When the rate of change in stress is zero, it means that there is no increase or decrease in force in each noodle.
Therefore, if the noodles are harder toward the center, the stress change rate will increase as the strain progresses, but if the noodles have a uniform hardness up to the center, the stress change rate will be constant even if the strain progresses. Will be shown.

<付着性>
クリープメータRE2-33005B(株式会社山電)を用いて、実施例1〜5、比較例ア〜サと同様の方法により麺類の付着性を測定した。
<Adhesiveness>
Using a creep meter RE2-33005B (Yamaden Co., Ltd.), the adhesion of noodles was measured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples A to SA.

V.官能評価
本発明の実施例6〜8、比較例シ〜セにおいては、訓練を受けたパネラー6名により、外観、風味、舌触り、やわらかさについて実施例1〜5、比較例ア〜サと同様の基準により官能評価を行い、官能評価におけるいずれの項目も3点以上のものを本発明の軟質化された麺類とした。
V. Sensory Evaluation In Examples 6 to 8 and Comparative Examples S to SE of the present invention, six trained panelists evaluated the appearance, flavor, texture and softness as in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples A to SA. Sensory evaluation was carried out according to the criteria of No. 3, and each item in the sensory evaluation was 3 points or more as the softened noodles of the present invention.

その結果、表5に示されるように“液体に投入した麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程”及び“飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程”を含む実施例6a〜6fのいずれの方法においても、かたさ応力が60,000N/m2以下の軟質化されたうどんが得られることが確認できた。これらのうどんは外観、風味、舌触り及びやわらかさのいずれにおいても評価結果が3点以上であり、付着性も1,000J/m3以下の非常に好ましいものであった。これに対して“飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程”のみを含む比較例シ〜セのうどんはいずれもかたさ応力が60,000N/m2を超え、付着性も1,000J/m3を超えるものであった。官能評価においても、やわらかさが2.2点(比較例ス)、1.4点(比較例セ)等であり、舌と口蓋で押しつぶせるものとは言えなかった。
さらに図1に示されるように、実施例6aのうどんは応力変化率がほぼ一定であり、表面のみならず中心部まで均質に軟質化されたうどんであることが確認できたが、比較例シ、スのうどんは歪の上昇に従って応力変化率が上昇しており、中心部が硬く十分に軟質化されたうどんではないことが示された。従って、本発明の軟質化された麺類の製造方法として、“液体に投入した麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程”及び“飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程”を含むことが重要であることが示された。
As a result, as shown in Table 5, any of the methods of Examples 6a to 6f including "a step of placing noodles in a liquid in a tank and evacuation" and a "step of performing heat treatment in a saturated vapor pressure environment" In addition, it was confirmed that softened udon having a hardness stress of 60,000 N/m 2 or less was obtained. Each of these udon noodles had an evaluation result of 3 points or more in terms of appearance, flavor, texture and softness, and the adhesion was 1,000 J/m 3 or less, which was very preferable. On the other hand, each of the comparative example shi-se udon, which includes only the “heat treatment step under saturated vapor pressure environment”, has a hardness stress of over 60,000 N/m 2 and an adhesive property of over 1,000 J/m 3 . It was a thing. In sensory evaluation, the softness was 2.2 points (comparative example), 1.4 points (comparative example), etc., and could not be said to be crushable by the tongue and palate.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, it was confirmed that the udon of Example 6a had a substantially constant stress change rate and was a softened udon not only on the surface but also in the central portion. It was shown that the Usu noodles had a higher rate of change in stress as the strain increased, and that the Udon noodles were hard and fully softened at the center. Therefore, it is important that the method for producing softened noodles of the present invention includes "a step of putting noodles in a liquid in a tank and evacuation" and a "step of performing heat treatment in a saturated vapor pressure environment". It was shown to be.

[実施例7]
軟質化されたうどんの製造方法(7a〜7d)
次のA〜Fの工程により軟質化されたうどんを製造した。各製造方法における酵素処理の条件は表6に示した。
A.無塩うどん100gを半分に折り、予め液体(常温水1,000g)を入れたホテルパンに投入した。
B.Aの工程を経たうどんを直ちに飽和蒸気調理機の処理槽にセットし、真空引き(真空パルス1回・2分真空保持)を行った。
C.Bの工程を経たうどんをそのまま飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理(120℃、16分間)した。
D.Cの工程を経たうどんを復圧処理(5分間)した後、真空引きし、60℃になるまで5分間置くことで粗熱を取った。
E.Dの工程を経たうどんを常温水で水洗いし、水を切った後、アミラーゼ0.025%溶液の入ったホテルパンに投入し、この酵素液に浸した。
F.Eの工程を経たうどんを酵素液から取り出し、常温水で水洗いして酵素液を除去し、水をよく切ってプラスチック(約10cm×10cm×2cm)に充填し、シールをして85℃で10分間加熱殺菌した。その後、急速冷凍して保管した。
参考として酵素処理を行わない実施例6aと同様の方法により軟質化されたうどんも製造し、これらのうどんについて、かたさ応力、付着性及び官能評価を行った結果を表6に示した。
[Example 7]
Method for producing softened udon (7a to 7d)
The softened udon was manufactured by the following steps A to F. The conditions of enzyme treatment in each production method are shown in Table 6.
A. 100g of unsalted udon was folded in half and put into a hotel pan that had been filled with liquid (1,000g of room temperature water) beforehand.
B. The udon that had undergone the process of A was immediately set in the treatment tank of the saturated steam cooker, and vacuumed (vacuum pulse once, vacuum hold for 2 minutes).
C. The udon subjected to the step B was heat-treated as it was in a saturated vapor pressure environment (120° C., 16 minutes).
D. Udon that had been subjected to the step C was subjected to a decompression treatment (5 minutes), then evacuated and placed at 60° C. for 5 minutes to take rough heat.
E. The udon that had been subjected to the step D was washed with normal temperature water, drained, put into a hotel pan containing a 0.025% solution of amylase, and immersed in this enzyme solution.
F. Take the udon that has undergone the process of E from the enzyme solution, wash it with water at room temperature to remove the enzyme solution, cut the water well, fill it in plastic (about 10 cm × 10 cm × 2 cm), seal it, and seal at 10°C at 85°C. Heat sterilized for minutes. Then, it quick-frozen and stored.
For reference, softened udon noodles were also produced by the same method as in Example 6a without enzyme treatment, and the hardness stress, adhesiveness, and sensory evaluation of these udon noodles were shown in Table 6.

その結果、表6に示されるように酵素処理する工程を経ることにより、付着性が小さく舌触りのよい、より好ましい軟質化されたうどんが得られることが確認できた。これらのうどんは外観、風味、舌触り及びやわらかさのいずれの評価項目においても評価が高かった。 As a result, it was confirmed that, as shown in Table 6, a more preferred softened udon having a small adhesiveness and a good texture is obtained by the enzyme treatment step. These udon noodles were highly evaluated in all the evaluation items such as appearance, flavor, texture and softness.

[実施例8]
麺長をそのまま(20cm)、半分(10cm)、1/4(5cm)に調製した無塩うどんを用いた以外は実施例6aと同様の方法により軟質化された麺類を製造した。
比較として、冷凍きざみうどん(シマダヤ株式会社、麺長約2cm)を沸騰したお湯で5〜6分加熱した後、無塩うどんと同様に水洗いから急速冷凍保管までの処理を行った。
[Example 8]
A softened noodle was produced in the same manner as in Example 6a except that unsalted udon prepared with the noodle length as it was (20 cm), half (10 cm) and 1/4 (5 cm) was used.
For comparison, frozen Kizami Udon (Shimadaya Co., Ltd., noodle length of about 2 cm) was heated in boiling water for 5 to 6 minutes, and then treated from washing with water to quick-freezing storage like unsalted Udon.

冷凍保管した各うどんを容器ごと80℃ 25分間スチームレンジで加熱して解凍し、室温に戻した後、器に盛り付け、市販の麺つゆをかけて図2に示す状態に調製し、官能評価を行った。
その結果、本発明の軟質化されたうどんはいずれの評価項目においても3点以上と好ましかったが、比較として用いた冷凍きざみうどんは舌と口蓋で押しつぶしにくいやわらかさ(2点)であり、従来のうどんと外観が異なるもの(1.5点)であった。また、麺長が短くなる程、きっ食時においてうどんを食しているという認識が得られづらいことが示された(図2)。
Each frozen udon with container was heated at 80°C for 25 minutes in a steam range to thaw it, returned to room temperature, placed in a container, sprinkled with commercially available noodle soup and prepared into the state shown in Fig. 2, and subjected to sensory evaluation. went.
As a result, the softened udon of the present invention was preferred to be 3 points or more in any of the evaluation items, but the frozen kizami udon used as a comparison was soft (2 points) that was difficult to crush with the tongue and palate. , The appearance was different from the conventional udon (1.5 points). It was also shown that the shorter the noodle length, the harder it was to obtain the recognition that udon was eaten at the time of eating (FIG. 2).

本発明によって提供される軟質化された麺類は内部まで均質に軟質化し、舌で潰せる麺類であるため、咀嚼・嚥下困難者等を対象とした介護食、高齢者用食品、医療用食品(術後食、風邪などの体調不良時の食事、歯科疾患患者用の食事)や離乳食等の提供に利用できる。さらに麺類本来の外観、形状、風味を維持しており、咀嚼・嚥下困難者のみならず健常者等も対象とした幅広い食品の提供に利用できる。
Since the softened noodles provided by the present invention are noodles that are softened uniformly to the inside and can be crushed by the tongue, they are nursing foods for elderly people who have difficulty in chewing and swallowing, foods for the elderly, foods for medical use (surgery). It can be used to provide after-sales meals, meals when a person is unwell such as a cold, meals for patients with dental diseases) and baby food. Furthermore, the original appearance, shape, and flavor of noodles are maintained, and it can be used to provide a wide range of foods for not only people with difficulty chewing and swallowing but also healthy people.

Claims (9)

液体に投入した麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程及び飽和蒸気圧環境下で加熱処理する工程を含む、軟質化された麺類の製造方法であって、次のA〜Cの工程を含む軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
A.麺類を液体に投入する工程
B.上記Aの工程を経た麺類を槽内に入れ真空引きする工程
C.上記Bの工程を経た麺類を1,000 hPa〜2,000hPaの飽和蒸気圧環境下で、100℃〜120℃で加熱処理する工程
A method for producing softened noodles, which comprises the steps of placing the noodles in a liquid in a tank and evacuating and heat-treating under a saturated vapor pressure environment, wherein the softening method includes the following steps A to C: For producing liquefied noodles.
A. Process B. of adding noodles to a liquid Process C. in which the noodles that have undergone the process of A above are put in a tank and evacuated. Saturated under vapor pressure environment above SL 1,000 HPa~2,000hPa the noodles steps through the of B, heating treatment at 100 ° C. to 120 ° C.
さらに次のDの工程を含む請求項1に記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
D.上記Cの工程を経た麺類が入った槽を真空引きする工程
The method for producing softened noodles according to claim 1, further comprising the following step D.
D. Vacuuming the tank containing the noodles that has been subjected to the above step C
さらに次のEの工程を含む請求項1又は2に記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
E.上記C又はDの工程を経た麺類を水洗いする工程
The method for producing softened noodles according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the following step E.
E. Process of washing noodles with water after the above process C or D
さらに次のFの工程を含む請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。
F.上記C〜Eのいずれかの工程を経た麺類を酵素処理する工程
The method for producing softened noodles according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising the following step F.
F. Process of enzymatically treating noodles that has undergone any of the processes C to E above
飽和蒸気圧環境下での加熱処理時間が5〜40分間である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。 Softened been noodles method according to any one of Motomeko 1-4 heat treatment time under the saturated vapor pressure environment is 5 to 40 minutes. 酵素がアミラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、セルラーゼ、又はヘミセルラーゼから選択されるいずれか1種以上である請求項4又は5に記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。 The method for producing softened noodles according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the enzyme is at least one selected from amylase, protease, cellulase, and hemicellulase. 軟質化された麺類のかたさ応力が60,000N/m2以下である請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。 The method for producing softened noodles according to claim 1, wherein the softened noodles have a hardness stress of 60,000 N/m 2 or less. 軟質化された麺類の付着性が1,000J/m3以下である請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。 The method for producing softened noodles according to claim 1, wherein the softened noodles have an adhesion of 1,000 J/m 3 or less. 軟質化された麺類の長さが30cm以下である請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の軟質化された麺類の製造方法。 The method for producing softened noodles according to claim 1, wherein the softened noodles have a length of 30 cm or less.
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