JP6719935B2 - Tapered roller bearing - Google Patents
Tapered roller bearing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6719935B2 JP6719935B2 JP2016055517A JP2016055517A JP6719935B2 JP 6719935 B2 JP6719935 B2 JP 6719935B2 JP 2016055517 A JP2016055517 A JP 2016055517A JP 2016055517 A JP2016055517 A JP 2016055517A JP 6719935 B2 JP6719935 B2 JP 6719935B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tapered roller
- diameter side
- roller bearing
- cage
- tapered
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Description
本発明は、円すいころ軸受に関する。 The present invention relates to a tapered roller bearing.
円すいころ軸受で使用される鋼板製の保持器は、図１７に示すように、（ｉ）ブランク抜き工程で鋼板から円形ブランクを打ち抜き、（ｉｉ）絞り工程で円形ブランクを円すい台状のカップ形状に絞り、（ｉｉｉ）芯抜き工程でカップの底に中心ガイド孔と回転ガイド孔を打ち抜き、（ｉｖ）ポケット抜き工程でカップの側壁に台形状のポケットを打ち抜き、（ｖ）柱押し工程で柱部の側面に円すいころの外周面と接触するテーパ状の案内面を形成し、（ｖｉ）内径抜き工程でカップの底を、縁を残して抜き落とす、という手順を経て製作される（特許文献１参照）。 As shown in FIG. 17, a cage made of a steel plate used in a tapered roller bearing has (i) a blank blank punching out a circular blank from the steel plate, and (ii) a drawing process rounding the circular blank into a conical cup shape. And (iii) punch out the center guide hole and the rotation guide hole at the bottom of the cup in the core removing step, (iv) punch the trapezoidal pocket on the side wall of the cup in the pocket removing step, and (v) remove the pillar in the pillar pushing step. A tapered guide surface that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the tapered roller is formed on the side surface of the cup portion, and (vi) the bottom of the cup is withdrawn while leaving an edge in the inner diameter drawing step (Patent Document 1).
従来、円すいころ軸受の組み立ては、図１５（ａ）に示すように、保持器１０４のポケット１２１に円すいころ１０３を組み込んだアセンブリの状態とし、次にこのアセンブリを内輪１０１の外周側に組み付ける、という手順を経て行われている。この組み立てに際しては、内輪１０１の小径側鍔部１１３を環状の円すいころ列の内径側に通過させる必要があるが、図１５（ｂ）に示すように、円すいころ１０３は保持器１０４の柱部１２２のテーパ状の案内面１２３と接触して外径側に殆ど移動することができないため、そのままでは小径側鍔部１１３が円すいころ１０３の内径端と干渉し、アセンブリを内輪１０１に組み付けることが困難となる。 Conventionally, assembling a tapered roller bearing, as shown in FIG. 15(a), is an assembly state in which the tapered roller 103 is incorporated in the pocket 121 of the cage 104, and then this assembly is assembled on the outer peripheral side of the inner ring 101. It is done through the procedure. At the time of this assembly, it is necessary to pass the small-diameter side flange portion 113 of the inner ring 101 to the inner diameter side of the annular tapered roller row, but as shown in FIG. Since it is in contact with the tapered guide surface 123 of 122 and can hardly move to the outer diameter side, the small diameter side flange portion 113 interferes with the inner diameter end of the tapered roller 103 as it is, and the assembly can be assembled to the inner ring 101. It will be difficult.
そこで、従来では、図１６（ａ）に示すように保持器１０４の柱部１２２を外径側に塑性変形させ、図１６（ｂ）に示すように円すいころ１０３の位置を外径側にずらしてアセンブリにした上で、内輪１０１の小径鍔部１１３を円すいころ１０３の内径側に通過させ、その後、図１６（ｃ）に示すように、柱部１２２を外径側から加締めて内径側に塑性変形させ、保持器１０４を元の形状に戻すようにしている（例えば特許文献２参照）。 Therefore, conventionally, the column portion 122 of the cage 104 is plastically deformed to the outer diameter side as shown in FIG. 16(a), and the position of the tapered roller 103 is shifted to the outer diameter side as shown in FIG. 16(b). 16A, the small diameter flange 113 of the inner ring 101 is passed to the inner diameter side of the tapered roller 103, and then the column portion 122 is caulked from the outer diameter side as shown in FIG. 16C. Then, the cage 104 is returned to its original shape by plastically deforming it (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
しかしながら、上記のように組み付け前に保持器を外径側に塑性変形させ、組み付け後に保持器を内径側に塑性変形させて元の形状に戻す手法では、残留変形が生じて塑性変形後のポケット形状が不安定となる。従って、軸受回転時に円すいころと保持器のポケット内面との間で接触不良を引き起こす可能性がある。以上の問題を解決するため、特許文献２では、保持器の柱部の小径側にスリットを設けて柱部の剛性を低下させることで、弾性変形の範囲内で保持器を内輪に組込み可能としているが、スリットの加工は既存のプレス加工機では困難であるため、加工コストが高騰し、また、円すいころ軸受が小型の場合はスリットを設けること自体が困難になる問題がある。 However, as described above, in the method in which the cage is plastically deformed to the outer diameter side before assembly and the cage is plastically deformed to the inner diameter side after assembly to return to the original shape, residual deformation occurs and the pocket after plastic deformation is generated. The shape becomes unstable. Therefore, there is a possibility that contact failure may occur between the tapered roller and the inner surface of the pocket of the cage when the bearing rotates. In order to solve the above problems, in Patent Document 2, a slit is provided on the small diameter side of the column portion of the cage to reduce the rigidity of the column portion, so that the cage can be incorporated into the inner ring within the range of elastic deformation. However, since it is difficult to process the slit with an existing press machine, there is a problem that the processing cost rises and it is difficult to provide the slit itself when the tapered roller bearing is small.
そこで、本発明は、軸受組み立て時のおける保持器の加締め工程を不要とし、保持器と円すいころの接触不良を回避できる円すいころ軸受を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a tapered roller bearing which does not require a caulking step of a cage at the time of assembling a bearing and can avoid poor contact between the cage and the tapered roller.
前述の目的を達成するための技術的手段として、本発明は、外周面に内側軌道面を有する内輪と、内周面に外側軌道面を有する外輪と、内輪の内側軌道面と外輪の外側軌道面との間に配置された複数の円すいころと、円周方向の複数箇所で前記円すいころを保持する保持器とを備え、保持器が、小径側環状部と、大径側環状部と、小径側環状部と大径側環状部とを連結する複数の柱部とを有し、保持器の小径側環状部、大径側環状部、および隣り合う二つの柱部で形成されるポケットに前記円すいころを収容した円すいころ軸受において、保持器の柱部の側面に、小径側環状部および大径側環状部の双方に対してころ軸方向に離間し、かつ先端面で円すいころを案内する複数の突出部がころ軸方向に離間して形成され、前記突出部がかち込み代を有することを特徴とするものである。 As technical means for achieving the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides an inner race having an inner raceway surface on an outer peripheral surface, an outer race having an outer raceway surface on an inner circumferential surface, an inner raceway surface of an inner race and an outer raceway of an outer race. A plurality of tapered rollers arranged between the surface and a cage, and a retainer for retaining the tapered rollers at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction, the retainer, a small diameter side annular portion, a large diameter side annular portion, Having a plurality of pillars that connect the small diameter side annular portion and the large diameter side annular portion, to the pocket formed by the small diameter side annular portion of the cage, the large diameter side annular portion, and two adjacent pillar portions. In the tapered roller bearing containing the tapered roller, the side surface of the column portion of the cage is separated from both the small-diameter side annular portion and the large-diameter side annular portion in the roller axial direction, and the tapered surface guides the tapered roller. The plurality of protrusions are separated from each other in the axial direction of the roller, and the protrusions have a staking margin.
突出部がかち込み代を有するため、円すいころは、かち込みにより保持器に組み込むことができる。加えて、突出部が、保持器の小径側環状部および大径側環状部の双方に対してころ軸方向に離間し、かつ突出部同士がころ軸方向に離間して形成されているので、突出部の先端面の一部を構成する案内面の面積が小さくなり、保持器を鋼板製とした場合にも、かち込み時に突出部や柱部が弾性変形し易くなる。従って、円すいころをスムーズに保持器ポケットにかち込むことができる。以上の理由から、軸受の組み立て時には、保持器を内輪の外周側に配置した状態で円すいころを保持器の外径側かち込む等の組み立て手順を採用することができ、軸受の組み立て時に保持器を加締める必要がなくなる。従って、加締め時の塑性変形不良による円すいころとポケット内面との間の接触不良を回避することができる。 The tapered portion can be incorporated into the retainer by the staking because the protruding portion has the staking margin. In addition, since the protruding portion is formed in the roller axial direction with respect to both the small diameter side annular portion and the large diameter side annular portion of the cage, and the protruding portions are formed to be separated in the roller axial direction, The area of the guide surface that constitutes a part of the tip end surface of the protrusion is small, and even when the cage is made of a steel plate, the protrusion and the column are likely to be elastically deformed at the time of pushing. Therefore, the tapered roller can be smoothly pushed into the cage pocket. For the above reasons, when assembling the bearing, it is possible to adopt an assembly procedure such as pushing the tapered rollers on the outer diameter side of the cage with the cage placed on the outer peripheral side of the inner ring. There is no need to tighten. Therefore, it is possible to avoid poor contact between the tapered roller and the inner surface of the pocket due to poor plastic deformation during crimping.
前記突出部の先端面の外径側に、破断面からなるガイド部を設けるのが好ましい。突出部は、例えばせん断加工により形成することができるが、せん断加工で使用するパンチとダイスの間にはクリアランスが存在するため、破断面は、外径側ほど後退する（ポケット内への突出量を減じる）ように傾く。そのため、円周方向で対向する突出部の破断面間の距離は、かち込み時に入口側となる領域（外径側の領域）の方が出口側となる領域（内径側の領域）よりも大きくなる。従って、破断面を、円すいころのかち込み方向をガイドするガイド部として機能させることができ、かち込み抵抗を低減することが可能となる。 It is preferable to provide a guide portion having a fracture surface on the outer diameter side of the tip surface of the protrusion. The protrusion can be formed by, for example, shearing, but since there is a clearance between the punch and die used in shearing, the fracture surface recedes toward the outer diameter side (the amount of protrusion into the pocket). Lean down). Therefore, the distance between the fracture surfaces of the protrusions facing each other in the circumferential direction is larger in the area on the inlet side (outer diameter side area) than the area on the outlet side (inner diameter side area) when it is inserted. Become. Therefore, the fracture surface can be made to function as a guide portion that guides the direction in which the tapered rollers are pushed in, and it is possible to reduce the dragging resistance.
前記突出部の先端面の内径側領域は、円すいころの外周面と接触する案内面として機能する。従って、この内径側領域を成形面で形成することにより、当該内径側領域の精度が高まり、円すいころの転動を安定化させることが可能となる。 An inner diameter side region of the tip end surface of the protrusion functions as a guide surface that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the tapered roller. Therefore, by forming the inner diameter side region with the molding surface, the precision of the inner diameter side region is increased, and the rolling of the tapered rollers can be stabilized.
突出部の幅Ａと、ポケットの全幅Ｂとを、Ｂ／Ａ＝４．５〜２０となるように設定することにより、ころ抜けとかち込み時のころ疵の発生を防止することが可能となる。 By setting the width A of the protruding portion and the total width B of the pocket so that B/A=4.5 to 20, it becomes possible to prevent the occurrence of roller flaws at the time of pulling out and pushing in. ..
案内面中央部間の幅Ｃとポケット全幅Ｂとを、Ｃ／Ｂ＝０．４５〜０．５５となるように設定することにより、ころ抜けと軸受運転中のころ疵の発生を防止することが可能となる。 By setting the width C between the central portions of the guide surfaces and the total pocket width B such that C/B=0.45 to 0.55, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of roller slippage and roller flaws during bearing operation. Is possible.
突出部のかち込み代Ｆは、０．０５ｍｍ以上、０．３０ｍｍ以下に設定するのが好ましい。 It is preferable that the squeeze margin F of the protrusion is set to 0.05 mm or more and 0.30 mm or less.
また、かち込み代Ｆところ径Ｇとを、Ｇ／Ｆ＝３０〜５０となるように設定することにより、ころ抜けとかち込み時のころ疵の発生を防止することが可能となる。 Further, by setting the crimping margin F and the diameter G so that G/F=30 to 50, it becomes possible to prevent the occurrence of roller slippage and roller flaws at the time of crimping.
円すいころのクラウニングとして対数クラウニングを使用するのが好ましい。対数クラウニングを使用すれば、ころの端面付近でのドロップ量が円弧クラウニングよりも大きくなるため、円すいころをかち込む際のかち込み抵抗を小さくすることができる。 It is preferred to use logarithmic crowning as the tapered roller crowning. If logarithmic crowning is used, the amount of drop near the end surface of the roller is larger than that of circular arc crowning, so that it is possible to reduce the dragging resistance when the tapered roller is pressed in.
本発明によれば、円すいころのかち込みにより軸受を組み立てることができる。従って、軸受組み立て時における保持器の加締め工程を不要とし、残留変形による保持器と円すいころとの間の接触不良を回避できる円すいころ軸受を提供することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, the bearing can be assembled by pushing in the tapered rollers. Therefore, it is possible to provide a tapered roller bearing that does not require a caulking step of the cage at the time of assembling the bearing and can avoid poor contact between the cage and the tapered roller due to residual deformation.
本発明にかかる円すいころ軸受の実施形態を図面に基づいて詳述する。 An embodiment of a tapered roller bearing according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
図１に、円すいころ軸受の断面図を示す。
同図に示すように、円すいころ軸受は、内輪１と、内輪１の外周側に配置される外輪２と、内輪１および外輪２間に配置される複数の円すいころ３と、円すいころ３を円周方向で所定間隔に保持する鋼板製の保持器４とを具備する。内輪１の外周面に形成された円すい状の内側軌道面１１と、外輪２の内周面に形成された円すい状の外側軌道面２１との間に円すいころ３が転動自在に配置される。内輪１の大径端部および小径端部には、外径方向に突出する大径側鍔部１２および小径側鍔部１３がそれぞれ形成されている。なお、外輪２には、鍔部は設けられていない。また、本実施形態の円すいころ軸受では、軸受の軸方向両側にシール部材が配置されておらず、そのために軸受内部空間の軸方向両側が開放された状態にある。
FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a tapered roller bearing.
As shown in the figure, the tapered roller bearing includes an inner ring 1, an outer ring 2 arranged on the outer peripheral side of the inner ring 1, a plurality of tapered rollers 3 arranged between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2, and a tapered roller 3. And a cage 4 made of a steel plate for holding at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. A tapered roller 3 is rotatably arranged between a conical inner raceway surface 11 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 1 and a conical outer raceway surface 21 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 2. .. A large diameter side flange portion 12 and a small diameter side flange portion 13 projecting in the outer diameter direction are formed at the large diameter end portion and the small diameter end portion of the inner ring 1, respectively. The outer ring 2 is not provided with a collar portion. Further, in the tapered roller bearing of the present embodiment, the seal members are not arranged on both sides in the axial direction of the bearing, and therefore, both sides in the axial direction of the bearing internal space are open.
図２は保持器４の断面図であり、図３（ａ）〜図３（ｄ）は、図２中のｉ−ｉ線，ｉｉ−ｉｉ線，ｉｉｉ−ｉｉｉ線，ｉｖ−ｉｖ線の各断面図である。
図２に示すように、保持器４は、小径側環状部４１と、大径側環状部４２と、小径側環状部４１および大径側環状部４３を連結する複数の柱部４３とを一体に有する。小径側環状部４１、大径側環状部４２、および円周方向に隣接する柱部４３の間に、円すいころ３を収容する台形状のポケット４４（図９参照）が形成される。
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cage 4, and FIGS. 3A to 3D show ii line, ii-ii line, iii-iii line, and iv-iv line in FIG. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the cage 4 integrally includes a small diameter side annular portion 41, a large diameter side annular portion 42, and a plurality of column portions 43 connecting the small diameter side annular portion 41 and the large diameter side annular portion 43. Have. A trapezoidal pocket 44 (see FIG. 9) for accommodating the tapered roller 3 is formed between the small-diameter side annular portion 41, the large-diameter side annular portion 42, and the column portion 43 adjacent in the circumferential direction.
柱部４３の側面４３ａには、ポケット４４内に突出する二つの突出部４５ａ，４５ｂが小径側環状部４１および大径側環状部４２から円すいころ３の軸方向（以下、「ころ軸方向」と称する）に離間して形成される。具体的には、大径側の突出部４５ａは大径側環状部４２から保持器小径側に離間して形成され、小径側の突出部４５ｂは小径側環状部４１から保持器大径側に離間して形成される。つまり、何れの突出部４５ａ，４５ｂも小径側環状部４１および大径側環状部４２から分離し、独立した形で形成されている。また、大径側の突出部４５ａと小径側の突出部４５ｂはころ軸方向に離間して形成されている。なお、柱部の側面４３ａに三つ以上の突出部を形成することもできる。 On the side surface 43a of the column portion 43, two projecting portions 45a and 45b projecting into the pocket 44 are provided from the small diameter side annular portion 41 and the large diameter side annular portion 42 in the axial direction of the tapered roller 3 (hereinafter, referred to as "roller axial direction"). (Hereinafter referred to as "). Specifically, the large-diameter side protruding portion 45a is formed so as to be separated from the large-diameter side annular portion 42 toward the cage small diameter side, and the small-diameter side protruding portion 45b is formed from the small diameter side annular portion 41 to the cage large diameter side. Formed separately. That is, each of the protruding portions 45a and 45b is separated from the small diameter side annular portion 41 and the large diameter side annular portion 42 and formed independently. Further, the large-diameter-side protruding portion 45a and the small-diameter-side protruding portion 45b are formed separately in the roller axial direction. It should be noted that three or more protrusions may be formed on the side surface 43a of the pillar portion.
図３（ａ）および図３（ｂ）に示すように、各突出部４５ａ，４５ｂの先端面は、内径側の領域４５１と外径側の領域４５２とを備え、かつ両領域４５１，４５２の境界部がポケット４４内に最も突出する断面Ｖ字状に形成される。各突出部４５ａ，４５ｂの先端面のうち、内径側の領域４５１は、円すいころ３の円すい状外周面と接触するテーパ状の案内面を構成する。柱部４３の側面４３ａのうち、突出部４５ａ，４５ｂを除く領域４６（図２参照）は、図３（ｃ）（ｄ）に示すように、円すいころ３の円すい状外周面に対して接触しない非接触部となる。非接触部４６は、円すいころ３を軸受の半径方向に移動させた時の移動軌跡と平行なストレート面になっている。 As shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), the tip surfaces of the respective protrusions 45a and 45b are provided with a region 451 on the inner diameter side and a region 452 on the outer diameter side, and in both regions 451 and 452. The boundary portion is formed in a V-shaped cross-section that projects most into the pocket 44. A region 451 on the inner diameter side of the tip end surface of each of the protrusions 45a and 45b constitutes a tapered guide surface that comes into contact with the tapered outer peripheral surface of the tapered roller 3. A region 46 (see FIG. 2) of the side surface 43a of the column portion 43 excluding the protruding portions 45a and 45b is in contact with the tapered outer peripheral surface of the tapered roller 3 as shown in FIGS. Not a non-contact part. The non-contact portion 46 is a straight surface parallel to the movement locus when the tapered roller 3 is moved in the radial direction of the bearing.
保持器４は、従来と同様の手順、すなわち図１７に示すように、（ｉ）ブランク抜き工程で鋼板から円形ブランクを打ち抜き、（ｉｉ）絞り工程で円形ブランクを円すい台状のカップ形状に絞り、（ｉｉｉ）芯抜き工程でカップの底に中心ガイド孔と回転ガイド孔を打ち抜き、（ｉｖ）ポケット抜き工程でカップの側壁に台形状のポケット４４を打ち抜き、（ｖ）柱押し工程で柱部４３の側面４３ａに、円すいころ３の外周面と接触するテーパ状の案内面４５１を形成し、（ｖｉ）内径抜き工程でカップの底を、縁を残して抜き落とす、という手順を経て製作される。 The cage 4 has the same procedure as in the conventional case, that is, as shown in FIG. 17, (i) a blank blank is punched out from a steel plate in the blanking step, and (ii) the round blank is drawn into a truncated cone-shaped cup shape in the drawing step. , (Iii) punch the center guide hole and the rotation guide hole in the bottom of the cup in the core removing step, (iv) punch the trapezoidal pocket 44 in the side wall of the cup in the pocket removing step, and (v) the pillar portion in the pillar pushing step. A tapered guide surface 451 is formed on the side surface 43a of the tape 43 in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the tapered roller 3, and (vi) the bottom of the cup is withdrawn while leaving the edge in the inner diameter removing step. It
図４は、上記の工程のうちポケット抜き工程を示す断面図である。また、図５は図４中の領域Ｘを拡大して示す断面図である。 FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the pocket removing step of the above steps. Further, FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the region X in FIG.
図４に示すように、ポケット抜きは、ダイス６の内周にブランク材４’を配置した状態で、図２に示すポケット４４の形状に対応した形状のパンチ７をブランク材４’の内径側から外径側に一斉に移動させ、ブランク材４’の一部領域を各パンチ７で打ち抜くことで行われる。図５に示すように、打ち抜き後のせん断切口のうち、内径側の領域にはせん断面４７が形成され、外径側の領域には破断面４８が形成される。せん断面４７はパンチ７の側面でバニシ加工された光沢のあるきれいな部分である。また、破断面４８は、クラックを生じて破断した部分であり、表面は結晶粒が現れた微小凹凸面になっている。破断面４８の外径端は、ダイス６とパンチ７の間のクリアランスαに相当する分だけせん断面４７よりも後退した位置にある。 As shown in FIG. 4, in the pocket removal, the punch 7 having a shape corresponding to the shape of the pocket 44 shown in FIG. From the outer diameter side to the outer diameter side, and punching a partial region of the blank 4'with each punch 7. As shown in FIG. 5, the shear surface 47 is formed in the region on the inner diameter side of the sheared cut after punching, and the fracture surface 48 is formed in the region on the outer diameter side. The shear surface 47 is a glossy and clean portion burnished on the side surface of the punch 7. Further, the fracture surface 48 is a portion that is cracked and fractured, and the surface is a minute uneven surface in which crystal grains appear. The outer diameter end of the fracture surface 48 is at a position retracted from the shear surface 47 by an amount corresponding to the clearance α between the die 6 and the punch 7.
図６（ａ）〜図６（ｃ）は、上記工程のうちの柱押し工程を示す断面図である。
図６（ａ）〜図６（ｃ）に示すように、柱押しは、パンチ８とダイス９でブランク材４’の柱部４３を挟み込んで台形状に決め押し成形する工程である。この決め押し成形により、ダイス９の凹部の側壁９ａの形状が柱部４３のせん断面４７に転写され、所定のテーパ角θ（図３（ａ）、図３（ｂ）参照）を有する案内面４５１が成形される。破断面４８および非接触部４６は、ダイス９に成形されず、そのまま残る。
FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C are cross-sectional views showing the column pushing step of the above steps.
As shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C, the column pushing is a step of sandwiching the column portion 43 of the blank material 4 ′ with the punch 8 and the die 9 to form a trapezoidal shape and press-molding. By this fixed press molding, the shape of the side wall 9a of the recess of the die 9 is transferred to the shear surface 47 of the column portion 43, and the guide surface having a predetermined taper angle θ (see FIGS. 3A and 3B). 451 is molded. The fracture surface 48 and the non-contact portion 46 are not formed in the die 9 and remain as they are.
図６に示す柱押し工程を行った後、内径抜き工程を行うことで、図２に示す保持器４が完成する。完成した保持器５は軸受組み立て工程に移送される。 After performing the pillar pushing step shown in FIG. 6, the inner diameter removing step is performed to complete the cage 4 shown in FIG. The completed cage 5 is transferred to the bearing assembly process.
図７（ａ）および図７（ｂ）は軸受の組み立て工程を示す断面図であり、図８は円すいころのかち込み後の状態を示す断面図である。
円すいころ軸受の組み立てに際しては、図７（ａ）に示すように、先ず内輪１の外周に保持器４を配置する。この時、保持器４の小径側環状部４１の最小内径寸法は内輪１の小径側鍔部１３の外径寸法よりも大きく、保持器４の小径側環状部４１の内周面と小径側鍔部１３の外周面の間にはすきまβがある。従って、保持器４は内輪１の外周に特に支障なく配置することができる。
7(a) and 7(b) are cross-sectional views showing a process of assembling the bearing, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a state after the tapered rollers are pushed in.
When assembling the tapered roller bearing, as shown in FIG. 7A, first, the cage 4 is arranged on the outer periphery of the inner ring 1. At this time, the minimum inner diameter dimension of the small diameter side annular portion 41 of the cage 4 is larger than the outer diameter dimension of the small diameter side collar portion 13 of the inner ring 1, and the inner peripheral surface of the small diameter side annular portion 41 of the cage 4 and the small diameter side collar portion of the cage 4. There is a clearance β between the outer peripheral surfaces of the portions 13. Therefore, the cage 4 can be arranged on the outer circumference of the inner ring 1 without any trouble.
その後、図７（ｂ）に示すように、円すいころ３を保持器４のポケット４４に収容するが、その際には、保持器４の外径側からポケット４４に挿入した円すいころ３を突出部４５ａ，４５ｂに押し当て、突出部４５ａ，４５ｂ、さらに柱部４３を弾性変形させて円周方向で隣接する突出部４５ａ，４５ｂ間の円周方向距離を拡大させる。円すいころ３が円周方向で対向する突出部４５ａ，４５ｂ間を通過すると、突出部４５ａ，４５ｂ、さらには柱部４３が弾性的に元の形状に復帰する（以上に述べた一連の操作を「かち込み」という）。円すいころ３が内側軌道面１１上に配置されると、突出部４５ａ，４５ｂの案内面４５１が円すいころ３の外周面と接触し、円すいころ３の外径方向への脱落が規制される。 Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 7B, the tapered rollers 3 are housed in the pockets 44 of the cage 4. At that time, the tapered rollers 3 inserted into the pockets 44 are projected from the outer diameter side of the cage 4. The protrusions 45a and 45b are pressed against the portions 45a and 45b, and the column portions 43 are elastically deformed to increase the circumferential distance between the adjacent protrusions 45a and 45b in the circumferential direction. When the tapered roller 3 passes between the projecting portions 45a and 45b facing each other in the circumferential direction, the projecting portions 45a and 45b and further the column portion 43 elastically return to the original shape (the series of operations described above is performed. "Kachigomi"). When the tapered roller 3 is arranged on the inner raceway surface 11, the guide surfaces 451 of the protrusions 45a and 45b come into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the tapered roller 3, and the drop of the tapered roller 3 in the outer radial direction is restricted.
円すいころ３のかち込みを許容するため、図８に示すように突出部４５ａ，４５ｂは、かち込み代Ｆを有する。かち込み代Ｆは、円すいころ３をポケット４４に収容した状態を基準として、円すいころ３をポケット４４にかち込む際の突出部４５ａ，４５ｂの案内面４５１の最大変位量に相当する。少なくとも突出部４５ａ，４５ｂおよび柱部４３は、かち込み時に、かち込み代Ｆに相当する量の弾性変形が双方で生じるように設計される。自動車用の円すいころ軸受、例えばディファレンシャルギヤ装置やトランスミッション装置に使用される円すいころ軸受の場合、突出部４５ａ，４５ｂのかち込み代Ｆは、０．０５ｍｍ以上、０．３０ｍｍ以下が適正範囲となる。 In order to allow the tapered roller 3 to be bitten, the protrusions 45a and 45b have a biting margin F as shown in FIG. The crimping margin F corresponds to the maximum displacement amount of the guide surface 451 of the protruding portions 45a and 45b when the tapered roller 3 is stowed into the pocket 44, with the tapered roller 3 housed in the pocket 44 as a reference. At least the projecting portions 45a and 45b and the column portion 43 are designed so that elastic deformation of an amount corresponding to the cutting margin F occurs on both sides when the cutting is performed. In the case of a tapered roller bearing for automobiles, for example, a tapered roller bearing used in a differential gear device or a transmission device, an appropriate range of the cutting margin F of the protrusions 45a and 45b is 0.05 mm or more and 0.30 mm or less. ..
かち込み時の突出部４５ａ，４５ｂおよび柱部４３の弾性変形を許容するため、円すいころ３のかち込みは円周方向の一個所に限って行うのが好ましい。すなわち、一つの円すいころ３のかち込みが完了したところで、保持器４を１ピッチ分回転させて同じ場所で次段の円すいころ３のかち込みを行い、以下、これを繰り返して全ての円すいころ３を順次保持器４のポケット４４にかち込むようにする。この際、円周方向に十分に離れた複数の円すいころ３を同時に保持器４にかち込むようにしてもよい。もちろん、特に問題がなければ、全ての円すいころ３を同時に保持器４の各ポケットにかち込むこともできる。 In order to allow the elastic deformation of the protrusions 45a and 45b and the column portion 43 at the time of cutting, it is preferable that the tapered roller 3 is cut in only one place in the circumferential direction. That is, when the one tapered roller 3 is completely set in, the cage 4 is rotated by one pitch, and the next tapered roller 3 is set in the same place. 3 are sequentially inserted into the pockets 44 of the cage 4. At this time, a plurality of tapered rollers 3 sufficiently separated in the circumferential direction may be simultaneously pushed into the cage 4. Of course, if there is no particular problem, all the tapered rollers 3 can be simultaneously pushed into the respective pockets of the cage 4.
円すいころ３のかち込みにより、全ての円すいころ３を保持器４に保持させることで、内輪１、円すいころ３、および保持器４からなる、図７（ｂ）に示すアセンブリが完成する。その後、このアセンブリの外径側に外輪２を配置することにより、図１に示す円すいころ軸受が完成する。 By holding all the tapered rollers 3 in the cage 4 by pushing in the tapered rollers 3, the assembly shown in FIG. 7B, which is composed of the inner ring 1, the tapered rollers 3 and the cage 4, is completed. Then, the outer ring 2 is arranged on the outer diameter side of this assembly to complete the tapered roller bearing shown in FIG.
このように本発明にかかる円すいころ軸受は、その組み立てに際し、保持器４のポケット４４へ円すいころ３をかち込み可能とした点に特色がある。これに関連して、本発明では、突出部４５ａ，４５ｂを保持器４の小径側環状部４１および大径側環状部４２からころ軸方向に離間させ、かつ大径側の突出部４５ａと小径側の突出部４５ｂをころ軸方向に離間させているので、突出部４３ａ，４３ｂの案内面４５１の面積が小さくなっている。そのため、保持器４を鋼板で製作した場合でも、突出部４３ａ，４３ｂ、さらには柱部４３が弾性変形し易くなり、スムーズに円すいころ３のかち込みを行うことが可能となる。また、突出部４３ａ，４３ｂは、円すいころ３のころ軸方向の中間点を挟んで両側に配置されているため、案内面４５１に案内される円すいころ３の姿勢を安定化させることができる。 As described above, the tapered roller bearing according to the present invention is characterized in that the tapered roller 3 can be pushed into the pocket 44 of the cage 4 when assembled. In this regard, in the present invention, the protrusions 45a and 45b are separated from the small-diameter side annular portion 41 and the large-diameter side annular portion 42 of the cage 4 in the roller axial direction, and the large-diameter side protruding portion 45a and the small diameter side Since the side protruding portion 45b is separated in the roller axial direction, the area of the guide surface 451 of the protruding portions 43a and 43b is small. Therefore, even when the cage 4 is made of a steel plate, the projecting portions 43a and 43b and the column portion 43 are easily elastically deformed, and the tapered rollers 3 can be smoothly pushed in. Further, since the projecting portions 43a and 43b are arranged on both sides of the tapered roller 3 with the intermediate point in the roller axial direction therebetween, the posture of the tapered roller 3 guided by the guide surface 451 can be stabilized.
このように円すいころ３の保持器ポケット４４へのかち込みが可能になることで、軸受の組み立て時には、図７（ａ）および図７（ｂ）に示すように、保持器４を内輪１の外周側に配置した状態で円すいころ３を保持器４の外径側かち込む等の組み立て手順を採用することができ、軸受の組み立て時に保持器４を加締める必要がなくなる。従って、加締め時の残留変形による円すいころ３とポケット４４内面との間の接触不良を回避することができ、軸受性能を安定化させることができる。 By allowing the tapered roller 3 to be pushed into the cage pocket 44 in this manner, when the bearing is assembled, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the cage 4 is attached to the inner ring 1. It is possible to adopt an assembling procedure in which the tapered roller 3 is pushed on the outer diameter side of the cage 4 while being arranged on the outer peripheral side, and it is not necessary to crimp the cage 4 when assembling the bearing. Therefore, contact failure between the tapered roller 3 and the inner surface of the pocket 44 due to the residual deformation at the time of caulking can be avoided, and the bearing performance can be stabilized.
また、本発明では、突出部４５ａ，４５ｂの先端面の外径側の領域４５２に破断面４８がそのまま残っている。この破断面４８は、ポケット抜き工程で使用するダイス６とパンチ７の間のクリアランスα（図５参照）に依拠し、図８に示すように、円周方向で対向する突出部４５ａ，４５ｂの破断面４５１間の距離が、内径側よりも外径側で幅広となるように僅かに傾いた状態で形成される。この傾きの存在により、破断面４８は円すいころ３をかち込み方向をガイドするガイド部として機能し、かち込み抵抗を軽減させる効果を有する。 Further, in the present invention, the fracture surface 48 remains as it is in the region 452 on the outer diameter side of the tip surfaces of the protrusions 45a and 45b. The fracture surface 48 depends on the clearance α (see FIG. 5) between the die 6 and the punch 7 used in the pocket removing process, and as shown in FIG. 8, the protrusions 45a and 45b facing each other in the circumferential direction are formed. The distance between the fracture surfaces 451 is formed in a slightly inclined state such that the distance between the fracture surfaces 451 is wider on the outer diameter side than on the inner diameter side. Due to the presence of this inclination, the fracture surface 48 functions as a guide portion that guides the tapered roller 3 in the direction of pushing in, and has the effect of reducing the resistance to pushing in.
円すいころ３の外周面には、エッジロードの発生を抑制するため、円すいころ３の有効長さの範囲（円すいころ３の面取り３ａを除く長さの範囲）でクラウニングを形成するのが通例である。従来では、クラウニングとして、母線形状を一定の曲率半径を有する一つの円弧とした円弧クラウニングを使用する場合が多い。これに対し、近年では、エッジロードの発生をさらに抑制するため、円すいころ３のクラウニングとして、母線形状を対数曲線とした対数クラウニングを使用する場合が増えている。 To suppress the occurrence of edge load, it is customary to form crowning on the outer peripheral surface of the tapered roller 3 within the range of the effective length of the tapered roller 3 (the range of the length of the tapered roller 3 excluding the chamfer 3a). is there. Conventionally, arc crowning in which the generatrix shape is one arc having a constant radius of curvature is often used as the crowning. On the other hand, in recent years, in order to further suppress the occurrence of edge load, as the crowning of the tapered roller 3, a logarithmic crowning having a generatrix curve as a logarithmic curve is increasingly used.
図９に、円弧クラウニング（破線）の母線形状と対数クラウニング（実線）の母線形状を対比して示す。図９に示すように、対数クラウニングでは、ころ３の有効長さＬｅの軸方向中間点Ｏを中心としてＬｅ／２の範囲がストレートな直線（ドロップ量０）で形成される。Ｌｅ／２の範囲外の母線形状は、座標Ｌｅ／２でのドロップ量を０とする対数曲線であり、そのドロップ量δLは円すいころ３の端面側ほど大きくなっている。 FIG. 9 shows the generatrix shape of arc crowning (broken line) and the logarithmic crowning (solid line) in comparison. As shown in FIG. 9, in the logarithmic crowning, a range of Le/2 is formed by a straight straight line (drop amount 0) around the axial midpoint O of the effective length Le of the roller 3. The generatrix shape outside the range of Le/2 is a logarithmic curve in which the drop amount at the coordinate Le/2 is 0, and the drop amount δ L becomes larger toward the end surface side of the tapered roller 3.
図９に示すように、対数クラウニングでは、円すいころ３の端面側でのドロップ量δLが、円弧クラウニングで形成した同サイズの円すいころ３のドロップ量δRに比べて大きくなる。従って、対数クラウニングを採用した円すいころ３を使用すれば、円弧クラウニングを採用した従来の円すいころ３に比べ、保持器４への円すいころ３のかち込みをより容易に行うことができる。かかる効果を得るため、突出部４３ａ，４３ｂは、対数クラウニングのドロップ量δLが円弧クラウニングδRよりも大きくなる図中の領域γ内に形成するのが好ましい。 As shown in FIG. 9, in the logarithmic crowning, the drop amount δ L on the end face side of the tapered roller 3 becomes larger than the drop amount δ R of the tapered roller 3 of the same size formed by the circular arc crowning. Therefore, when the tapered roller 3 adopting the logarithmic crowning is used, the tapered roller 3 can be more easily pushed into the cage 4 as compared with the conventional tapered roller 3 adopting the arc crowning. In order to obtain such an effect, it is preferable that the protrusions 43a and 43b be formed in a region γ in the figure in which the drop amount δ L of the logarithmic crowning is larger than the circular arc crowning δ R.
なお、円すいころ３の母線形状を理論上の対数曲線に一致させることは困難であるため、実際の円すいころ３では、理論上の対数曲線ではなく、その近似曲線でクラウニングを形成することになる（この場合も対数クラウニングと称される）。例えば図１０に示すように、曲率半径Ｒの異なる複数（図面では３つ）の円弧をつなげ、かつころ端部側の円弧ほど曲率半径Ｒを小さくすることで（Ｒ１＞Ｒ２＞Ｒ３）、対数曲線に近似した形状のクラウニングを得ることが可能となる。この時、各円弧Ｒ１，Ｒ２，Ｒ３の間を滑らかな円弧でつないでもよい。 Since it is difficult to match the generatrix shape of the tapered roller 3 with the theoretical logarithmic curve, the actual tapered roller 3 forms the crowning not with the theoretical logarithmic curve but with its approximate curve. (Also called logarithmic crowning). For example, as shown in FIG. 10, by connecting a plurality of (three in the drawing) circular arcs having different radii of curvature R, and making the radius of curvature R smaller toward the circular arc on the roller end side (R1>R2>R3), the logarithm is obtained. It becomes possible to obtain a crowning having a shape similar to a curve. At this time, the circular arcs R1, R2 and R3 may be connected by a smooth circular arc.
以下、上記の効果を得る上で好ましい保持器各部の寸法を図１１および図１２に基づいて説明する。なお、図１１は、保持器４を外径側から見た拡大平面図であり、図１２は柱部４３の断面図である。 The dimensions of each part of the cage preferable for obtaining the above effects will be described below with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12. Note that FIG. 11 is an enlarged plan view of the cage 4 viewed from the outer diameter side, and FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the column portion 43.
（１）案内面の幅Ａとポケット全幅Ｂとの関係
図１１に示すように、円すいころ３を案内する案内面４５１のころ軸方向の幅（以下、ころ軸方向の幅を単に「幅」と称する）をＡ、ポケットの全幅をＢとして、比Ｂ／Ａを変化させた時の円すいころ３のかち込み性を評価したところ、以下に示す表１の結果が得られた。
表１に示すように、比Ｂ／Ａが２の時は、かち込み幅が大きすぎたため、円すいころ３の外周面に疵（ころ疵）が発生し、あるいはかち込み後の柱部４３に捩れが発生した（１０個中の１０個）。比Ｂ／Ａが３の場合も多少の改善は見られるものの同様の問題が生じた（１０個中の４個）ため、かち込み幅は依然として大きすぎると考えられる。その一方、比Ｂ／Ａが２２の場合はかち込み幅が小さすぎるため、ころ抜けが生じ、あるいは軸受運転中にころ疵が発生した（１０個中の１０個）。比Ｂ／Ａが２１の場合も多少の改善は見られるものの同様の問題が発生したため（１０個中の５個）、かち込み幅は依然として小さすぎると考えられる。 As shown in Table 1, when the ratio B/A was 2, the width of the bite was too large, so that a flaw (roller flaw) occurred on the outer peripheral surface of the tapered roller 3, or the post 43 after the biting. Twist occurred (10 out of 10). When the ratio B/A was 3, although some improvement was seen, the same problem occurred (4 out of 10), and therefore the bite width is still considered to be too large. On the other hand, in the case where the ratio B/A was 22, the bite width was too small, so that roller slippage occurred or roller flaws occurred during the bearing operation (10 out of 10). When the ratio B/A was 21, a slight improvement was observed, but similar problems occurred (5 out of 10), and it is considered that the bite width is still too small.
その一方で、比Ｂ／Ａが４．５〜２０の範囲では、そのような問題が生じなかった。従って、案内面の幅Ａとポケット全幅Ｂの比Ｂ／Ａは、Ｂ／Ａ＝４．５〜２０の範囲に設定するのが好ましい。 On the other hand, when the ratio B/A was in the range of 4.5 to 20, such a problem did not occur. Therefore, the ratio B/A of the width A of the guide surface to the total width B of the pocket is preferably set in the range of B/A=4.5 to 20.
（２）案内面中央部間の幅Ｃとポケット全幅Ｂとの関係
図１１に示すように、突出部４５ａ，４５ｂの案内面４５１のころ軸方向中央部間の幅をＣ、ポケット４４の全幅をＢとして、比Ｃ／Ｂを変化させてころ疵やころ抜けの発生程度を評価したところ、以下に示す表２の結果が得られた。
表２に示すように、比Ｃ／Ｂが０．３の時は、幅方向の中央付近に案内面４５１が集中配置され、軸受運転中のころの傾きに対する制約が小さくなるため、ころ疵が発生した（１０個中の８個）。比Ｃ／Ｂが０．４の場合も、多少の改善は見られるが同様の問題が生じた（１０個中の３個）。その一方、比Ｃ／Ｂが０．７の場合は、特にクラウニングドロップ量δLの大きなころを組み込んだ場合にころ抜けが発生した（１０個中の８個）。比Ｃ／Ｂが０．６の場合も多少の改善は見られるが同様にころ抜けの問題が発生した（１０個中の２個）。 As shown in Table 2, when the ratio C/B is 0.3, the guide surface 451 is centrally arranged near the center in the width direction, and the restriction on the inclination of the roller during the bearing operation is reduced, so that the roller flaw is generated. Occurred (8 out of 10). Even when the ratio C/B was 0.4, some improvement was observed but similar problems occurred (3 out of 10). On the other hand, when the ratio C/B was 0.7, rolling out occurred (eight out of ten) especially when a roller with a large crowning drop amount δ L was incorporated. Even when the ratio C/B was 0.6, some improvement was seen, but similarly the problem of roll-out occurred (two out of ten).
その一方で、比Ｃ／Ｂが０．４５〜０．５５の範囲では、そのような問題が生じなかった。従って、案内面中央部間の幅Ｃとポケット全幅Ｂの比Ｃ／Ｂは、Ｃ／Ｂ＝０．４５〜０．５５の範囲に設定するのが好ましい。 On the other hand, when the ratio C/B was in the range of 0.45 to 0.55, such a problem did not occur. Therefore, it is preferable to set the ratio C/B of the width C between the central portions of the guide surfaces and the total pocket width B in the range of C/B=0.45 to 0.55.
（３）柱部の最外径仮想長さＤと柱部の最外径実長さＥとの関係
既に述べたように、突出部４５ａ，４５ｂの破断面４８は、円すいころ３を保持器４にかち込む際のガイドとして機能する。従って、破断面４８を形成する際の破断厚さが小さいと、破断部４５２がガイドとして機能せず、かち込み抵抗となるおそれがある。これを評価するため、図１２に示すように、柱部４３の最外径仮想長さ、つまりポケット抜き工程で形成したせん断面４７を外径側に延長した線と柱部４３の外周面を円周方向に延長した線との交点間の長さをＤ、柱部の最外径実長さ、つまり柱部４３の最外径部の実際の円周方向長さをＥとして、比Ｅ／Ｄを変化させた時のかち込み抵抗と柱部４３の強度とを評価したところ、以下に示す表３の結果が得られた。
(3) Relationship between virtual outermost diameter D of column portion and actual outermost diameter E of column portion As described above, the fracture surface 48 of the protrusions 45a and 45b retains the tapered roller 3 in the cage. It functions as a guide when pushing into 4. Therefore, if the fracture thickness at the time of forming the fracture surface 48 is small, the fracture portion 452 does not function as a guide, and there is a possibility that the fracture resistance may occur. In order to evaluate this, as shown in FIG. 12, the outermost virtual length of the column portion 43, that is, the line obtained by extending the shear surface 47 formed in the pocket removing step to the outer diameter side and the outer peripheral surface of the column portion 43 are shown. Let D be the length between the points of intersection with the line extending in the circumferential direction, and E be the actual length of the outermost diameter of the column portion, that is, the actual length of the outermost diameter portion of the column portion 43 in the circumferential direction. When the bite resistance and the strength of the pillar portion 43 when /D was changed were evaluated, the results shown in Table 3 below were obtained.
その一方で、比Ｅ／Ｄが０．７〜０．９５の範囲では、そのような問題が生じなかった。従って、従って、柱部４３の最外径仮想長さＤと柱部４３の最外径実長さＥとの比Ｅ／Ｄは、Ｅ／Ｄ＝０．７〜０．９５の範囲に設定するのが好ましい。 On the other hand, when the ratio E/D was in the range of 0.7 to 0.95, such a problem did not occur. Therefore, the ratio E/D of the outermost virtual length D of the column portion 43 and the outermost actual diameter E of the column portion 43 is set in the range of E/D=0.7 to 0.95. Preferably.
（４）ころ径Ｇとかち込み代Ｆとの関係
図８に示すかち込み代Ｆが大きすぎる場合、ころ疵の発生頻度が増加し、小さすぎるところ抜けの問題を生じる。これを評価するため、ころ径をＧ、かち込み代をＦとして、比Ｇ／Ｆを変化させた時のかち込み抵抗ところ抜けの程度を評価したところ、以下の表４に示す結果が得られた。
表４に示すように、比Ｇ／Ｆが１０の時は、ころ径に対するかち込み代が相対的に大きくなるため、ころ疵が発生した（１０個中の８個）。比Ｇ／Ｆが２０の場合も多少の改善は見られるが同様の問題が生じた（１０個中の４個）。その一方、比Ｇ／Ｆが８０の場合はころ径に対するかち込み代が相対的に小さくなるため、ころ抜けが発生した（１０個中の１０個）。比Ｇ／Ｆが７０の場合および６０の場合も、多少の改善は見られるものの同様の問題が発生した（１０個中の８個、１０個中の３個）。 As shown in Table 4, when the ratio G/F was 10, the roller margin was relatively large with respect to the roller diameter, so that roller flaws occurred (8 out of 10). Even when the ratio G/F was 20, some improvement was observed, but similar problems occurred (4 out of 10). On the other hand, when the ratio G/F is 80, the biting margin relative to the roller diameter is relatively small, so roller slippage occurs (10 out of 10 rollers). When the ratio G/F was 70 and 60, similar problems occurred (8 out of 10 and 3 out of 10) although some improvement was observed.
以上に述べた実施形態においては、以下に述べる低トルク化対策を講じることで、円すいころ軸受の低トルク化を図ることができる。以下、この低トルク化対策を図１３および図１４に基づいて説明する。ここで、図１３は保持器４の小径端側を含む円すいころ軸受の拡大断面図であり、図１４は保持器４を外径側から見た拡大平面図である。 In the embodiment described above, the torque of the tapered roller bearing can be reduced by taking the following measures for reducing the torque. Hereinafter, the measure for reducing the torque will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. Here, FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the tapered roller bearing including the small diameter end side of the cage 4, and FIG. 14 is an enlarged plan view of the cage 4 seen from the outer diameter side.
自動車のディファレンシャルギヤ装置やトランスミッション装置等では油浴潤滑が行われる。従って、これらの装置の駆動中は、潤滑油が円すいころ軸受の小径側から軸受内部に流入して内側軌道面１１や外側軌道面２１を潤滑する。この際、図１３に示すように、保持器４の小径側環状部４１の内周面と内輪１の小径側鍔部１３の外周面との間のすきま５０から軸受内部に流入した潤滑油（白抜きの矢印で示す）は、内側軌道面１１に沿って流れるが、その流れ方向の下流側には大径側鍔部１２（図１参照）が存在するため、潤滑油の流れが堰き止められ、潤滑油が軸受内部に滞留し易くなってトルク損失が増大する。 Oil bath lubrication is performed in a differential gear device and a transmission device of an automobile. Therefore, during the driving of these devices, lubricating oil flows into the bearing from the small diameter side of the tapered roller bearing to lubricate the inner raceway surface 11 and the outer raceway surface 21. At this time, as shown in FIG. 13, the lubricating oil that has flowed into the bearing from the clearance 50 between the inner peripheral surface of the small diameter side annular portion 41 of the cage 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the small diameter side collar portion 13 of the inner ring 1 ( (Indicated by a white arrow) flows along the inner raceway surface 11, but the large-diameter side flange portion 12 (see FIG. 1) exists on the downstream side in the flow direction, so that the flow of lubricating oil is blocked. As a result, the lubricating oil easily stays inside the bearing, and the torque loss increases.
この対策として、図１４に示すように、保持器４の小径側環状部４１のポケット内面に切り欠き４９を設ける。これにより、すきま５０から軸受内部に流入した潤滑油の一部は、遠心力により切り欠き４９を介して外輪２側に移動し、外側軌道面２１に沿って流れるようになる。外輪２には、潤滑油の流れを堰き止める鍔部が設けられていないため、潤滑油は外側軌道面２１に沿ってスムーズに流れることができる。従って、内側軌道面１１に沿って流れる潤滑油量を少なくし、軸受内部に滞留する潤滑油の量を減らして潤滑油の流動抵抗によるトルク損失を低減することが可能となる。 As a countermeasure against this, as shown in FIG. 14, a notch 49 is provided on the inner surface of the pocket of the small-diameter side annular portion 41 of the cage 4. As a result, a part of the lubricating oil flowing into the bearing from the clearance 50 moves to the outer ring 2 side through the notch 49 due to the centrifugal force and flows along the outer raceway surface 21. Since the outer ring 2 is not provided with a collar portion that blocks the flow of the lubricating oil, the lubricating oil can smoothly flow along the outer raceway surface 21. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of lubricating oil flowing along the inner raceway surface 11, reduce the amount of lubricating oil retained inside the bearing, and reduce the torque loss due to the flow resistance of the lubricating oil.
以上の効果を得るため、切り欠き４９の深さＨは０．１ｍｍ以上として、外輪２側に十分な量の潤滑油が流入できるようにするのが好ましい。また、保持器４の小径側環状部４１の内周面と内輪１の小径側鍔部１３の外周面との間のすきま５０の幅βは、内輪１の小径側鍔部１３の外径寸法の２．０％以下に設定するのが好ましい。 In order to obtain the above effects, it is preferable that the depth H of the notch 49 be 0.1 mm or more so that a sufficient amount of lubricating oil can flow into the outer ring 2 side. Further, the width β of the clearance 50 between the inner peripheral surface of the small diameter side annular portion 41 of the cage 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the small diameter side flange portion 13 of the inner ring 1 is the outer diameter dimension of the small diameter side flange portion 13 of the inner ring 1. It is preferable to set it to 2.0% or less.
切り欠き４９の深さＨは、小径側環状部４１の内径側の曲げアール部Ｒの開始点までの深さに留めるのが好ましい。これにより、切り欠き４９が小径側環状部４１のストレート部Ｓに形成されるようになるため、ポケット抜き工程（図４参照）で切り欠き４９を形成することが可能となる。 The depth H of the notch 49 is preferably limited to the depth up to the start point of the bent radius portion R on the inner diameter side of the small diameter side annular portion 41. As a result, the notch 49 is formed in the straight portion S of the small-diameter side annular portion 41, so that the notch 49 can be formed in the pocket removing step (see FIG. 4).
以上の説明では、保持器４を鋼板製とした場合を例示したが、保持器４を樹脂の成形品とすることもできる。このように保持器４を樹脂製とする場合、樹脂材料としては、潤滑油に含まれる添加剤による樹脂材料への攻撃性を考慮し、ＰＰＳ、ＰＡ４６，ＰＡ６６等を使用するのが好ましい。 In the above description, the case where the cage 4 is made of a steel plate has been illustrated, but the cage 4 may be a resin molded product. When the cage 4 is made of resin in this way, it is preferable to use PPS, PA46, PA66 or the like as the resin material in consideration of the aggressiveness of the additive contained in the lubricating oil to the resin material.
また、以上の説明では、円すいころ軸受の用途として、自動車のディファレンシャルギヤ装置やトランスミッション装置等における動力伝達軸の支持に使用する場合を例示したが、円すいころ軸受の用途はこれに限らず、自動車や産業機器に装備される各種の軸を支持する軸受として広く使用することができる。 Further, in the above description, as an application of the tapered roller bearing, the case where the tapered roller bearing is used to support the power transmission shaft in the differential gear device or the transmission device of the automobile is illustrated, but the application of the tapered roller bearing is not limited to this. It can be widely used as a bearing that supports various types of shafts installed in industrial equipment.
１ 内輪
２ 外輪
３ 円すいころ
４ 保持器
１１ 内側軌道面
１２ 大径側鍔部
１３ 小径側鍔部
２１ 外側軌道面
４１ 小径側環状部
４２ 大径側環状部
４３ 柱部
４４ ポケット
４５ａ 突出部（大径側突出部）
４５ｂ 突出部（小径側突出部）
４６ 非接触部
４７ せん断面
４８ 破断面（ガイド部）
４５１ 案内面
Ｆ かち込み代
1 inner ring 2 outer ring 3 tapered roller 4 cage 11 inner raceway surface 12 large diameter side flange portion 13 small diameter side flange portion 21 outer raceway surface 41 small diameter side annular portion 42 large diameter side annular portion 43 pillar portion 44 pocket 45a protruding portion (large (Diameter side protrusion)
45b Projection (Small diameter side projection)
46 Non-contact part 47 Shear surface 48 Fracture surface (guide part)
451 Guide surface F
Claims (9)
前記保持器が、小径側環状部と、大径側環状部と、前記小径側環状部と前記大径側環状部とを連結する複数の柱部とを有し、前記保持器の小径側環状部、大径側環状部、および隣り合う二つの柱部で形成されるポケットに前記円すいころを収容した円すいころ軸受において、
前記保持器の柱部はころピッチ円よりも外径側に配置され、
前記保持器の柱部の側面に、前記小径側環状部および前記大径側環状部の双方に対してころ軸方向に離間し、かつ先端面で前記円すいころを案内する複数の突出部がころ軸方向に離間して形成され、前記突出部が前記柱部の外周面よりも内径側に位置し、各突出部の内径側に、外径側から前記円すいころと接触する案内面が設けられ、
前記突出部がかち込み代を有することを特徴とする円すいころ軸受。 An inner ring having an outer peripheral surface to the inner raceway surface, an outer ring having an inner peripheral surface on the outer raceway surface, and a plurality of tapered rollers disposed between the outer raceway surfaces of the said inner ring of the inner raceway surface outer circle A retainer for retaining the tapered rollers at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction,
The retainer has a small diameter side annular portion, and a large-diameter annular portion, and a plurality of pillar portions for connecting the said large diameter side annular portion and the small diameter side annular section, the small diameter side annular said retainer Section, a large-diameter side annular section, and a tapered roller bearing in which the tapered roller is housed in a pocket formed by two adjacent column sections,
The column portion of the cage is arranged on the outer diameter side of the roller pitch circle,
The side surface of the pillar portion of the cage, spaced rollers axially relative to both the small-diameter-side annular portion and the large diameter side annular portion and a plurality of protrusions for guiding the tapered rollers at the tip surface roller The protrusions are formed apart from each other in the axial direction, the protrusions are located on the inner diameter side of the outer peripheral surface of the column portion, and the inner diameter side of each protrusion is provided with a guide surface that comes into contact with the tapered roller from the outer diameter side. ,
A tapered roller bearing, wherein the protrusion has a clearance.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016055517A JP6719935B2 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2016-03-18 | Tapered roller bearing |
| US16/082,044 US11143235B2 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2017-03-07 | Tapered roller bearing |
| PCT/JP2017/009065 WO2017159467A1 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2017-03-07 | Tapered roller bearing |
| EP17766468.7A EP3431790B1 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2017-03-07 | Tapered roller bearing |
| CN201780014459.9A CN108700117B (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2017-03-07 | Tapered roller bearing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016055517A JP6719935B2 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2016-03-18 | Tapered roller bearing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2017172592A JP2017172592A (en) | 2017-09-28 |
| JP6719935B2 true JP6719935B2 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
Family
ID=59972814
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016055517A Expired - Fee Related JP6719935B2 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2016-03-18 | Tapered roller bearing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6719935B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10184697A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-14 | Ntn Corp | Cage for roller bearing |
| JPH1182519A (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-03-26 | Ntn Corp | Holder for rolling bearing |
| JP2006329260A (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-12-07 | Nsk Ltd | Synthetic resin cage for tapered roller bearing |
| JP5466100B2 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2014-04-09 | Ｎｔｎ株式会社 | Tapered roller bearing |
| JP5602552B2 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2014-10-08 | Ｎｔｎ株式会社 | Processing equipment |
| JP6289845B2 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2018-03-07 | Ntn株式会社 | Tapered roller bearing |
-
2016
- 2016-03-18 JP JP2016055517A patent/JP6719935B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2017172592A (en) | 2017-09-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2010007979A1 (en) | Pressed cage, self-aligning roller bearing, and method of manufacturing pressed cage | |
| CN109195726B (en) | Cylindrical ring member, bearing, clutch, vehicle, and machine manufacturing method | |
| JP5466100B2 (en) | Tapered roller bearing | |
| JP2006144839A (en) | Roller bearing | |
| WO1996024778A1 (en) | Roller with cage | |
| CN107110220B (en) | Retainer for thrust roller bearing and method for manufacturing the same | |
| WO2017159467A1 (en) | Tapered roller bearing | |
| JP6514506B2 (en) | Thrust roller bearing cage and method of manufacturing the same | |
| JP6719935B2 (en) | Tapered roller bearing | |
| JP6816605B2 (en) | Cage for tapered roller bearings | |
| JP2010043734A (en) | Pressed cage and roller bearings such as self-aligning roller bearing | |
| US20150369289A1 (en) | Tapered roller bearing | |
| CN110382891B (en) | Needle roller with retainer and planetary gear mechanism support structure having the same | |
| JP2010025230A (en) | Pressed cage, self-aligning roller bearing, and manufacturing method for pressed cage | |
| JP3698735B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing roller bearing cage | |
| JP6244959B2 (en) | Tapered roller bearing | |
| JP4578441B2 (en) | Thrust roller bearing | |
| KR102179885B1 (en) | Pultrusion planetary pin assembly | |
| JP6786196B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of cage for tapered roller bearings | |
| JP2018035849A (en) | Conical roller bearing | |
| JP2008232221A (en) | Thrust needle roller bearing | |
| JP4817985B2 (en) | Thrust roller bearing | |
| JP7075324B2 (en) | Cage for roller bearings and needle roller with cage | |
| JP2002115723A (en) | Roller bearing retainer | |
| JP6510818B2 (en) | Thrust roller bearing cage and method of manufacturing the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20190226 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20200109 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20200303 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20200526 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20200617 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6719935 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |