JP6703662B1 - Continuous tofu manufacturing method, stirrer used therefor, and continuous tofu manufacturing apparatus equipped with the stirrer - Google Patents

Continuous tofu manufacturing method, stirrer used therefor, and continuous tofu manufacturing apparatus equipped with the stirrer Download PDF

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JP6703662B1
JP6703662B1 JP2019085112A JP2019085112A JP6703662B1 JP 6703662 B1 JP6703662 B1 JP 6703662B1 JP 2019085112 A JP2019085112 A JP 2019085112A JP 2019085112 A JP2019085112 A JP 2019085112A JP 6703662 B1 JP6703662 B1 JP 6703662B1
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健三 金井
健三 金井
幸隆 田中
幸隆 田中
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Abstract

【課題】原料大豆及び搾汁豆乳に由来する豆腐本来の風味を発現し、経時的に風味が劣化しない豆腐類の生地を連続的に大量に製造する方法とその製造方法に使用される撹拌体およびその攪拌体を備えた豆腐類の連続製造装置の提供。【解決手段】豆乳に乳化にがりを加えるステップと、乳化にがりを加えた豆乳が流通する供給ライン内に設けられた撹拌体により豆乳と乳化にがりを撹拌分散するステップを含み、前記撹拌体は駆動部により回転可能に設けられ、該攪拌体の底面に設けられた吸入口およびその天面に設けられた吐出口と、該吸入口及び該吐出口を繋ぐ流路を備え、該吸入口は該吐出口よりも該攪拌体の回転軸寄りに形成されていることを特徴とする豆腐類の製造方法。【選択図】図2PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To continuously produce a large amount of tofu dough that expresses the original flavor of tofu derived from raw material soybeans and squeezed soymilk and does not deteriorate in flavor over time, and a stirrer used in the production method. And an apparatus for continuously producing tofu, which is provided with the stirring body. SOLUTION: The method includes a step of adding an emulsified bittern to soy milk, and a step of agitating and dispersing the soy milk and the emulsified bittern by a stirrer provided in a supply line through which the emulsified bittern-added soy milk flows, and the agitator is a drive unit. Is provided rotatably by means of a suction port provided on the bottom surface of the stirring body and a discharge port provided on the top surface thereof, and a flow path connecting the suction port and the discharge port. A method for producing tofu, characterized in that it is formed closer to the rotation axis of the stirring body than the outlet. [Selection diagram] Figure 2

Description

本発明は、日が経っても風味の良い豆腐類を連続的に大量生産できる製造法とそれに使用する攪拌体および該攪拌体を備えた豆腐類の連続製造装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a manufacturing method capable of continuously mass-producing tofu having a good flavor even after the passage of time, a stirrer used for the method, and a continuous tofu-producing apparatus equipped with the stirrer.

豆腐には絹豆腐、木綿豆腐、ソフト豆腐、充填豆腐があり、また豆腐の生地を油で揚げた加工品として油揚げ、がんもどき、厚揚げなどがある。これら豆腐類の基になる豆腐は、大豆を搾汁した豆乳に凝固剤を分散して大豆タンパクと反応し、凝固して作られる伝統食品である。凝固剤には各種あるが、穏やかな甘みを有して大豆風味を引き立てる凝固剤としては、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化カルシウムの無機塩がある。古くから使われている苦汁も塩化マグネシウムが主成分の無機塩である。しかし、これらの無機塩は大豆タンパクとの反応が非常に速攻で凝固が早く、豆乳中に均一に分散する前に部分的に凝固反応が進み、収量も悪く食感も悪くなりやすい。そのため豆腐組織が均一な豆腐を得るには小スケールに限り、かつ熟練した技術を要していた。 There are silk tofu, cotton tofu, soft tofu, and filled tofu as tofu, and there are fried foods such as deep-fried tofu, processed foods, and deep-fried tofu as processed products obtained by fried tofu dough. Tofu, which is the basis of these tofus, is a traditional food made by dispersing a coagulant in soymilk obtained by squeezing soybean, reacting with soybean protein, and coagulating. Although there are various coagulants, as coagulants that have a mild sweetness and enhance the soybean flavor, there are inorganic salts of magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and calcium chloride. The bitter soup that has been used for a long time is also an inorganic salt whose main component is magnesium chloride. However, these inorganic salts react very rapidly with soybean protein and coagulate quickly, and the coagulation reaction partially progresses before being uniformly dispersed in soymilk, resulting in poor yield and poor texture. Therefore, to obtain tofu with a uniform tofu structure, only a small scale and skillful techniques were required.

従って豆腐を連続的に大量に製造するためには、工程上ゆっくりと大豆タンパクと反応させる必要があり、凝固剤の中でも凝固反応が徐々に始まる硫酸カルシウム、グルコノデルタラクトンを使うことで反応はうまくいくが、大豆本来の風味からほど遠く、豆腐の風味に問題があった。 Therefore, in order to continuously produce a large amount of tofu, it is necessary to slowly react with soybean protein in the process, and the reaction can be achieved by using calcium sulfate and glucono delta lactone among coagulants, in which the coagulation reaction gradually starts. It worked, but it was far from the original flavor of soybeans, and there was a problem with the flavor of tofu.

近年、豆腐の大量生産において、塩化マグネシウムを主体とした凝固反応速度の速い無機塩を速度コントロールして遅効化した豆腐用凝固剤が使われるようになった。遅延化の方法は速効性の無機塩を多価アルコールやポリグリセリンの脂肪酸部分エステルである乳化剤で油中水型に乳化または分散した無機塩系凝固剤組成物(特許文献1〜5)にしたものである。一般には界面活性のある乳化剤で無機塩と食用油脂の界面の界面張力を低下し、乳化して安定化したものが多い。一方、乳化剤を使わずに天然ワックスと食用油脂の混合物に速効性の無機塩を油中水型に乳化した無機塩系凝固剤組成物(特許文献6)もある。これら遅効化処理した油中水型の無機系凝固剤組成物は乳化にがりとして市販されている。 In recent years, in the mass production of tofu, a coagulant for tofu, which is slow-acting by controlling the speed of an inorganic salt mainly composed of magnesium chloride and having a fast coagulation reaction rate, has been used. The method of retardation was to make an inorganic salt-based coagulant composition (Patent Documents 1 to 5) in which a fast-acting inorganic salt was emulsified or dispersed in a water-in-oil type with an emulsifier which is a fatty acid partial ester of polyhydric alcohol or polyglycerin. It is a thing. In general, many emulsifiers having surface activity reduce the interfacial tension at the interface between the inorganic salt and the edible oil and fat, and are emulsified and stabilized. On the other hand, there is also an inorganic salt-based coagulant composition (Patent Document 6) in which a fast-acting inorganic salt is emulsified into a water-in-oil type in a mixture of natural wax and edible oil and fat without using an emulsifier. These delayed water-in-oil type inorganic coagulant compositions are commercially available as emulsified bittern.

乳化にがりは豆腐用凝固剤の一つであり、製造ライン中の豆乳に撹拌機で連続的に分散して豆腐の大量生産に使われる。しかし、製造直後から時間とともに味が変化する、いわゆる味抜けという表現の風味劣化が生じる問題があった。これは豆腐を小袋包装して加熱殺菌した日持ちのする豆腐には大きな問題となる。 Emulsion bittern is one of the coagulants for tofu, and it is used for mass production of tofu by continuously dispersing it in soymilk in the production line with a stirrer. However, there is a problem in that the taste deteriorates, which is the so-called taste loss, in which the taste changes with time immediately after the production. This is a big problem for tofu that has a long shelf life, which is prepared by packaging tofu in a small bag and heat sterilizing it.

かかる乳化にがりは豆腐メーカーではなく乳化剤メーカーなどが専門的に製造して販売するため、保管および流通の関係から製造後1年以上経時的に乳化安定を維持する必要があり、耐塩性で強力な油中水型乳化に適しているポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル(以下PGPRという)を主体にした界面活性の強い乳化剤を多く配合しているのが一般的である。そのため、乳化剤の味が残り、豆腐本来の風味を阻害する問題もあった。 Since such emulsified bittern is produced and sold by an emulsifier maker professionally rather than by a tofu maker, it is necessary to maintain emulsion stability over 1 year after production due to storage and distribution, and it is salt resistant and strong. Generally, a large amount of an emulsifier with strong surface activity mainly composed of polyglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid ester (hereinafter referred to as PGPR) suitable for water-in-oil emulsification is blended. Therefore, there is a problem that the taste of the emulsifier remains and the original flavor of tofu is impaired.

油中水型の乳化にがりは水溶性の無機塩を内包しており、豆乳中に細かく機械的に分散されることで乳化にがりの油性被膜が壊れて無機塩が溶出し、豆乳中の大豆タンパクと反応してネットワークの網状にゲル化して凝固する。 Water-in-oil emulsified bittern contains a water-soluble inorganic salt, which is finely mechanically dispersed in soymilk to break the oily film of emulsified bittern and elute the inorganic salt, soy protein in soymilk. Reacts with and gels in the form of a network mesh and solidifies.

ところで、豆腐は本来の大豆のうまみと香りを生かすことでおいしい豆腐となるが、そのためには大豆タンパクと凝固剤が反応してタンパク架橋して薄い網目状のタンパク膜でうまみ成分を閉じ込める必要がある。従って凝固剤が豆乳のタンパクと反応する前に、できるだけ細かく均一にしかも早く分散し、その後しっかりとタンパクと反応するようにしなければならない。 By the way, tofu becomes delicious tofu by utilizing the original taste and aroma of soybean, but for that purpose, it is necessary to confine the umami component with a thin mesh-like protein film by reacting soybean protein with a coagulant to crosslink the protein. is there. Therefore, it is necessary to disperse the coagulant as finely and uniformly as possible before reacting with the protein of soymilk, and then to firmly react with the protein.

凝固剤を豆乳に機械的に分散する主な撹拌方法として、いくつか穴の開いた板を1から2回上下して撹拌するワンツー方式、低せん断であるが分散能力に優れる遠心回転式撹拌による方法、高せん断力を持つインライン高速高せん断撹拌による方法がある。これらのうち、ワンツー方式は、穏やかな上下撹拌のため凝固剤の分散は粗く、また均一になりにくく、分散槽も小さいため、バッチ型の少量生産に適しており、凝固剤も速効に反応する無機塩をそのまま使われることが多い。 The main stirring method to mechanically disperse the coagulant in soymilk is a one-to-two stirring method in which a plate with some holes is moved up and down once or twice, and centrifugal rotation type stirring that has low shear but has excellent dispersion ability. Method, in-line high-speed high-shear stirring method with high shear force. Of these, the one-two method is suitable for batch-type small-quantity production because the coagulant is not dispersed evenly because it is gently stirred vertically and the dispersion tank is small, and the coagulant also reacts quickly. Inorganic salts are often used as they are.

また、遠心回転式撹拌による方法は、羽で撹拌するのではなく、吐出口と吸入口が流路で連通した回転体を回転することで、吐出口の遠心力が吸入口の遠心力より大きくなって水流を発生して撹拌する方式(特許文献7)であり、例えば、M−Revо((株)IPMS製、M−Revоは登録商標)及びM−Revоにせん断力を付加するために吸入口に小さな羽を付けたサイレントコア(泰喜物産(株)製、特許文献8)がある。これらは分散能力に優れているので乳化にがりを用いた豆腐の製造には好適であるが、M−Revо及びサイレントコアは共に構造上バッチまたはバッチ連続しか使うことができず、少量生産に適しているものの連続の大量生産には適さない。 In addition, the centrifugal rotation type stirring method does not stir with a wing, but by rotating the rotating body in which the discharge port and the suction port communicate with each other in the flow path, the centrifugal force of the discharge port is greater than the centrifugal force of the suction port. Is a method of generating a water flow and stirring the mixture (Patent Document 7), for example, M-Revo (manufactured by IPMS Co., Ltd., M-Revo is a registered trademark) and inhalation for adding shearing force to M-Revo There is a silent core (Taiki Bussan Co., Ltd., Patent Document 8) with small wings on its mouth. These are suitable for the production of tofu using emulsified bittern because of their excellent dispersibility, but both M-Rev and Silent Core are structurally suitable for batch production or batch continuous production and are suitable for small-scale production. However, it is not suitable for continuous mass production.

また、インライン高速高せん断撹拌による方法は、ローターステーターが配管内に組み込まれ、高速回転で強力に撹拌して強いせん断力で乳化にがりを細かく瞬時に分散する装置を使う。例えばパイプラインホモミクサー(プライムミックス(株)製)、マイルダー((株)マツボー製、マイルダーは登録商標)、システムマグ((株)アースシステム21製)などの装置がある。従って、経時的に乳化安定の良い乳化にがりとインライン高速高せん断の撹拌機を組み合わせたシステムが最も多く豆腐の連続大量生産に使われている。 Further, the in-line high-speed high-shear stirring method uses a device in which a rotor stator is incorporated in a pipe, and powerful stirring is performed at high speed to disperse the emulsion bite finely and instantly by a strong shearing force. For example, there are devices such as a pipeline homomixer (manufactured by Prime Mix Co., Ltd.), Milder (manufactured by Matsubo Co., Ltd., Milder is a registered trademark), and System Mug (manufactured by Earth System 21 Co., Ltd.). Therefore, a system combining an emulsion bittern having a good emulsion stability over time and an in-line high-speed high-shear agitator is most often used for continuous mass production of tofu.

しかし、インライン高速高せん断撹拌による連続の大量生産では、乳化にがりを豆乳中に高せん断で撹拌混合するため、乳化にがりの分散と同時に乳化にがりの油性被膜も破れ、溶出した速効性の無機塩とタンパクが部分的に凝固反応し、形成が始まったタンパク膜を高回転のローターステーターで破断してしまう。結果としてうまみ成分をここから徐々に逃すことになり、せん断力をあまりかけずに製造ができる小バッチの少量生産に比べ、連続の大量生産では豆腐のおいしさが軽減していた。これが大量生産において製造直後から時間とともに味が変化する、いわゆる味抜けという表現の風味劣化が生じる原因と思われる。また、豆腐を生地として油で揚げた加工品である油揚げ、がんもどき、厚揚げなども少量で丁寧に作られる職人のものに比べると当然風味が落ちていた。 However, in continuous mass production by in-line high-speed high-shear agitation, since emulsified bittern is stirred and mixed in soybean milk with high shear, the emulsified bittern is dispersed and the oily film of the emulsified bittern is also broken, and the eluted fast-acting inorganic salt The protein partially coagulates, and the protein film that has started to form is broken by the high-rotor rotor stator. As a result, the umami component was gradually released from here, and the deliciousness of tofu was reduced in continuous mass production, as compared to small-scale small-volume production that can be produced without applying much shearing force. This is considered to be the cause of the deterioration of flavor, which is the so-called taste loss, in which the taste changes with time immediately after production in mass production. In addition, the tofu, which is a processed product of fried tofu as a dough, was deeply flavored compared to that of craftsmen who carefully made small amounts, such as fried tofu, thick fried tofu.

特許第2912249号Japanese Patent No. 2912249 特許第3516298号Patent No. 3516298 特許第4105674号Patent No. 4105674 特開2006−94831号JP 2006-94831A 特許第4801006号Patent No. 4801006 特許第6030595号Patent No. 6030595 特許第4418019号Patent No. 4418019 国際公開番号WО2017/002795International publication number WO 2017/002795

そこで本発明は、原料大豆及び搾汁豆乳に由来する豆腐本来の風味を発現し、経時的に風味が劣化しない豆腐類の生地を連続的に大量に製造する方法と、その製造方法に使用される撹拌体およびその攪拌体を備えた豆腐類の連続製造装置の提供をその課題とするものである。 Therefore, the present invention expresses the original flavor of tofu derived from raw material soybean and squeezed soymilk, and a method for continuously producing a large amount of tofu dough whose flavor does not deteriorate over time, and the method for producing the same. It is an object of the present invention to provide a stirrer and a continuous tofu-producing apparatus equipped with the stirrer.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するものであり、豆乳に乳化にがりを加えるステップと、乳化にがりを加えた豆乳が流通する供給ライン内に設けられた撹拌体により豆乳と乳化にがりを撹拌分散するステップを含み、前記撹拌体は、駆動部により回転可能に設けられ、該攪拌体の底面に設けられた吸入口およびその天面に設けられた吐出口と、該吸入口及び該吐出口を繋ぐ流路を備え、該吸入口は該吐出口よりも該攪拌体の回転軸寄りに形成されていることを特徴とする豆腐類の連続製造方法である。 The present invention is to solve the above problems, a step of adding an emulsified bittern to soymilk, and a step of stirring and dispersing the soymilk and the emulsified bittern by a stirring body provided in a supply line in which the soymilk added to the emulsified bittern flows. The agitator is rotatably provided by a drive unit, and an inlet provided on a bottom surface of the agitator and an outlet provided on a top surface thereof and a flow connecting the inlet and the outlet. A continuous manufacturing method of tofu is characterized in that a passage is provided and the suction port is formed closer to the rotation axis of the stirring body than the discharge port.

また本発明は、豆腐製造ラインとは別に設けた乳化にがり製造ラインにより、乳化機通液ライン内を循環する油相に水相を徐々に加えて乳化し、所望の水相平均粒径になるまで更に循環を行い、油中水型に乳化することで製造された乳化にがりを豆腐製造ラインに供給することを特徴とする前記豆腐類の連続製造方法である。 Further, the present invention, by the emulsifying bittern production line provided separately from the tofu production line, the aqueous phase is gradually added to the oil phase circulating in the emulsifier passage line to emulsify, and the desired aqueous phase average particle size is obtained. The method for continuous production of tofu products is characterized in that the tofu production line is supplied with the emulsified bittern produced by emulsification into water-in-oil type.

また本発明は、豆乳が流通する供給ライン内において設けられた攪拌体であって、該攪拌体の底面に設けられた吸入口およびその天面に設けられた吐出口と、該吸入口及び該吐出口を繋ぐ流路を備え、該吸入口は該吐出口よりも該攪拌体の回転軸寄りに形成されていることを特徴とする攪拌体である。 The present invention also provides a stirrer provided in a supply line through which soy milk flows, the suction port being provided on the bottom surface of the stirrer, the discharge port provided on the top surface thereof, the suction port, and the A stirring body comprising a flow path connecting the discharge ports, wherein the suction port is formed closer to the rotation axis of the stirring body than the discharge port.

また本発明は、前記攪拌体を備えた豆腐類の連続製造装置である。 Further, the present invention is an apparatus for continuously producing tofu, comprising the agitator.

さらに本発明は、豆腐製造ラインとは別に、乳化機通液ライン内を循環する油相に水相を徐々に加えて乳化し、所望の水相平均粒径になるまで更に循環を行い、油中水型に乳化された乳化にがりを製造するラインを備えた豆腐類の連続性製造装置である。 Furthermore, the present invention, apart from the tofu production line, gradually adds the water phase to the oil phase circulating in the emulsifier liquid passage line to emulsify, and further circulates until the desired water phase average particle size is reached. It is an apparatus for continuously producing tofu, which is provided with a line for producing emulsified bittern that has been emulsified into a medium water type.

本発明にかかる豆腐類の連続製造方法とそれに使用される攪拌体およびその攪拌体を備えた製造装置によると、遠心力を利用する撹拌機により豆乳と凝固剤を攪拌分散するため、せん断力の強いローターステーター等を用いる場合に比べて、攪拌分散力のあるインライン低せん断が可能となる。その結果、乳化にがりの分散と同時に乳化にがりの油性被膜が破れることがなく、溶出した速効性の無機塩とタンパクが部分的に凝固反応し、形成が始まったタンパク膜を高回転のローターステーターで破断してしまうこともないため、豆腐の風味を損なうことなく、連続の大量生産が可能となる。 According to the continuous manufacturing method of tofu according to the present invention and the stirring device used for it and the manufacturing apparatus equipped with the stirring member, soybean milk and the coagulant are stirred and dispersed by a stirrer utilizing centrifugal force, so that the shear force Compared to the case of using a strong rotor stator or the like, in-line low shear with stirring and dispersing force is possible. As a result, the emulsified bittern oily film was not broken at the same time as the emulsified bittern was dispersed, and the eluted fast-acting inorganic salt and protein partially coagulated, and the protein film that started to form was formed on the high-rotor rotor stator. Since it does not break, continuous mass production is possible without impairing the flavor of tofu.

また、本発明にかかる豆腐類の連続製造方法で、豆腐製造ラインとは別に設けた乳化にがり製造ラインを設けたものは、製造された乳化にがりを直接豆腐製造ラインへ供給できることから、乳化にがり製剤としての保存安定性は必要とせず、強力なW/O乳化剤であるPGPRは必ずしも必要とせず、豆腐風味の向上をもたらす。また、乳化機通液ライン内を循環する油相に水相を徐々に加えて乳化することで、水相(無機塩)/油相比率の最大化が図れる。さらに、乳化機通液ライン内の循環パス回数に応じて油中水型の水相粒径をコントロールでき、油性被膜の最適化により、大豆タンパク凝固組織の均質化を図ることができる。 Further, in the continuous production method of tofu according to the present invention, the one provided with the emulsified bittern production line provided separately from the tofu production line, since the produced emulsified bittern can be directly supplied to the tofu production line, the emulsion bittern formulation Storage stability is not required and PGPR, which is a strong W/O emulsifier, is not necessarily required, and the tofu flavor is improved. In addition, the water phase (inorganic salt)/oil phase ratio can be maximized by gradually adding the water phase to the oil phase circulating in the liquid passage of the emulsifier and emulsifying the oil phase. Furthermore, the water-in-oil type water phase particle diameter can be controlled according to the number of circulation passes in the emulsifier passage line, and the soy protein coagulation structure can be homogenized by optimizing the oily film.

本発明にかかる豆腐の製造装置について模式的に表した図。The figure which represented typically the tofu manufacturing apparatus concerning this invention. 本発明にかかる撹拌機の一部切り欠き正面図。The partially cutaway front view of the agitator concerning this invention. 本発明にかかる攪拌体の斜視図。The perspective view of the stirring body concerning this invention. 本発明にかかる乳化にがりの製造装置について模式的に表した図。The figure which represented typically the manufacturing apparatus of the emulsion bittern concerning this invention.

本発明にかかる豆腐類の連続製造方法では、豆乳に乳化にがりを加えるステップと、乳化にがりを加えた豆乳が流通する供給ライン内に設けられた撹拌体により豆乳と乳化にがりを撹拌分散するステップを含み、より詳細には、特定の豆腐用凝固剤を、低せん断でありながら高分散能力に優れた遠心回転式撹拌機を使って供給ライン内で豆乳に分散するインライン方式で豆腐の連続生産を行うものである。 In the continuous production method of tofu according to the present invention, a step of adding emulsified bittern to soymilk, and a step of stirring and dispersing soymilk and emulsified bittern by a stirrer provided in a supply line in which soymilk added with emulsified bittern is circulated. In particular, more specifically, continuous production of tofu by an in-line method in which a specific coagulant for tofu is dispersed in soymilk in a supply line using a centrifugal rotary stirrer that has low shear but has high dispersion capacity. It is something to do.

すなわち、本発明で使用される塩化マグネシウム主体の凝固剤を水相とする油中水型の乳化にがりは、低せん断の撹拌で乳化が壊れずに豆乳に細かく均一に油中水型に分散し、次いで高濃度の凝固剤を内包している油性被膜の乳化粒子が豆乳との浸透圧の差で自然に乳化破壊が起こり、凝固剤が豆乳に溶出する。 That is, the water-in-oil emulsifying bittern having a magnesium chloride-based coagulant as an aqueous phase used in the present invention is finely and uniformly dispersed in the water-in-oil type in soy milk without breaking the emulsification by stirring with low shear. Then, the emulsified particles of the oily coating containing a high concentration of the coagulant spontaneously undergo emulsion breakage due to the difference in osmotic pressure with soymilk, and the coagulant is eluted into soymilk.

このように溶出した凝固剤は、豆乳の大豆タンパクと反応してタンパク架橋し、薄い網目状のタンパク膜を形成し、大豆本来のうまみと香りを閉じ込めて凝固して豆腐となる。従って本発明に使う乳化にがりは豆乳に低せん断で分散されるときは安定であるが、分散後は浸透圧差で破壊するような弱い油性被膜に調整した乳化にがりが好ましい。 The coagulant thus eluted reacts with the soybean protein of soymilk to crosslink the protein, form a thin mesh-like protein film, and confine the umami and flavor of soybeans to coagulate tofu. Therefore, the emulsified bittern used in the present invention is stable when dispersed in soybean milk with low shear, but it is preferably an emulsified bittern adjusted to a weak oily film that is destroyed by osmotic pressure difference after dispersion.

以下、本発明の豆腐類の連続製造方法およびその製造方法に使用される製造装置の実施態様を、図面に基づいて具体的に説明する。なお、本発明はこれら実施態様に何ら制約されるものではない。 Embodiments of the continuous method for producing tofu according to the present invention and the production apparatus used for the production method will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

図1は、本発明にかかる豆腐の製造装置について模式的に表したものである。豆腐の製造方法には、豆乳を連続的に搬送コンベヤの成型ベルトもしくは型箱に送り込みながら凝固剤との攪拌分散を行う所謂「連続式」と、型箱内で一定量ずつ攪拌分散を行う所謂「バッチ式」が挙げられるが、本発明の製造方法は、豆腐の大量生産に好適な「連続式」を採用している。 FIG. 1 schematically shows a tofu producing apparatus according to the present invention. The method of producing tofu includes so-called "continuous type" in which soy milk is continuously stirred and dispersed with a coagulant while being fed to a molding belt of a conveyor or a mold box, and so-called "continuous type" in which a constant amount is stirred and dispersed in the mold box. Although the "batch type" is mentioned, the production method of the present invention adopts the "continuous type" suitable for mass production of tofu.

図1に示すように、本発明の豆腐製造装置は、豆乳を貯蔵する豆乳タンク1、該豆乳タンク1から撹拌機3へと豆乳を供給するための供給ライン5と、該供給ライン5の途中に設けられた供給ポンプ8、また、乳化にがりを貯蔵するための凝固剤タンク2と、該凝固剤タンク2から凝固剤を供給ライン5へと供給するための供給ライン6と、該供給ライン6の途中に設けられた供給ポンプ9と、さらに、撹拌機3から排出される豆乳を成型ベルト4に供給するための供給ライン7を備える。なお、本実施態様では、撹拌機3により凝固剤が攪拌分散された豆乳は成型ベルト4に吐出されるが、これを成型用の型箱に吐出しても良い。 As shown in FIG. 1, the tofu manufacturing apparatus of the present invention comprises a soymilk tank 1 for storing soymilk, a supply line 5 for supplying soymilk from the soymilk tank 1 to a stirrer 3, and a middle of the supply line 5. , A coagulant tank 2 for storing emulsified bittern, a supply line 6 for supplying a coagulant from the coagulant tank 2 to a supply line 5, and a supply line 6 A supply pump 9 provided in the middle of the above, and a supply line 7 for supplying the soybean milk discharged from the agitator 3 to the molding belt 4 are further provided. In the present embodiment, the soy milk in which the coagulant is stirred and dispersed by the stirrer 3 is discharged to the molding belt 4, but it may be discharged to the molding box.

本実施態様では、攪拌機3の手前の供給ライン5に乳化にがりの供給ライン6を接続し、乳化にがりを直接添加しているが、これを前もって羽撹拌等で軽く予備分散してから供給ライン5内の豆乳に添加してもよい。また、撹拌機3を駆動させると水流が発生するので豆乳は自動的に供給ライン5内を流れるが、乳化にがり及び豆乳は供給ポンプ8、9を使って流量を調整するのが好ましい。 In this embodiment, the emulsified bittern supply line 6 is connected to the supply line 5 before the stirrer 3 and the emulsified bittern is directly added. It may be added to the soy milk inside. Further, when the stirrer 3 is driven, a water flow is generated, so that the soy milk automatically flows through the supply line 5, but it is preferable to adjust the flow rate of the emulsion bittern and soy milk using the supply pumps 8 and 9.

本発明の撹拌機3は、撹拌羽根で撹拌する撹拌装置とは異なり、豆乳と乳化にがりの混合物が、攪拌体に形成されている流路内を通過して吐出口から吐出される際に、遠心力により連続的に混合分散されるというものである。このように、本発明の撹拌機3は遠心力を利用するため、機械的なせん断を行うローターステーター等に比べてせん断力は弱いものの、混合分散力のあるインライン低せん断が可能となり、キャビテーションを起こさない特徴がある。 The stirrer 3 of the present invention is different from a stirrer that stirs with stirring blades, when a mixture of soy milk and emulsified bittern passes through the flow passage formed in the stirrer and is discharged from the discharge port, It is that they are continuously mixed and dispersed by centrifugal force. As described above, since the agitator 3 of the present invention utilizes centrifugal force, the shear force is weaker than that of a rotor stator that mechanically shears, but in-line low shear with a mixing and dispersing force is possible and cavitation is prevented. There is a feature that does not cause it.

本発明の攪拌機3について、図2によりさらに詳しく説明する。攪拌機3は、撹拌体31と、撹拌体31を取り付けるためのシャフト32、それらを内部に収める筒状のケーシング33、ケーシング33の上部に設けられ、シャフト32を介して攪拌体31に回転を与える駆動部34とを備える。さらに、ケーシング33の上部であって、撹拌体31が設けられている位置よりも上方には、供給ライン7の取り付け口332が、また、ケーシング33の下部には、供給ライン5の取り付け口331がそれぞれ設けられている。 The stirrer 3 of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. The stirrer 3 is provided on the stirrer 31, a shaft 32 for mounting the stirrer 31, a cylindrical casing 33 for accommodating the stirrer 31, and an upper portion of the casing 33, and imparts rotation to the stirrer 31 via the shaft 32. And a drive unit 34. Further, at the upper part of the casing 33 and above the position where the stirring body 31 is provided, the mounting port 332 of the supply line 7 is provided, and at the lower part of the casing 33, the mounting port 331 of the supply line 5 is provided. Are provided respectively.

シャフト32は、その回転軸がケーシング33の軸心とほぼ一致するように設けられ、その上端側は駆動部34に連結され、また、その下端部側は軸受部材35により回転自在に軸支されている。軸受部材35は、その中央にシャフト32を挿入するための孔部351が穿設されており、さらに、その孔部351の周囲には、豆乳を流通させるための開口部352が設けられている。 The shaft 32 is provided so that its rotation axis substantially coincides with the axis of the casing 33, the upper end side thereof is connected to the drive unit 34, and the lower end side thereof is rotatably supported by the bearing member 35. ing. The bearing member 35 is provided with a hole 351 for inserting the shaft 32 in the center thereof, and an opening 352 for allowing soy milk to flow is provided around the hole 351. ..

また、シャフト32の中間の任意の位置には撹拌体31が取り付けられている。かかる撹拌体31は、その底面312に設けられた吸入口314およびその天面311に設けられた吐出口313と、該吸入口314及び該吐出口313を繋ぐ流路315を備える。攪拌体31は、シャフト32に対して、底面312が豆乳の流れの上流側、すなわち、取り付け口331側、また、天面311が下流側、すなわち取り付け口332側になるように取り付けられる。 Further, the agitator 31 is attached at an arbitrary position in the middle of the shaft 32. The stirring body 31 includes a suction port 314 provided on the bottom surface 312 thereof, a discharge port 313 provided on the top surface 311 thereof, and a flow path 315 connecting the suction port 314 and the discharge port 313. The stirrer 31 is attached to the shaft 32 such that the bottom surface 312 is on the upstream side of the soymilk flow, that is, the attachment port 331 side, and the top surface 311 is on the downstream side, that is, the attachment port 332 side.

図3は、本発明にかかる攪拌体31の一実施態様を表す斜視図である。なお、本実施態様では、理解を容易にするために吸入口314、吐出口313および流路315はそれぞれ2つずつのみ図示しているが、これらの数は2つに限定されないことは言うまでもない。図に示すように、攪拌体31は、回転軸L1に直交する断面が円形状となるように形成することが好ましく、その全体形状については特に限定されないが、加工のしやすさからも、所定の厚みを有する円柱状ないしは円盤状とすることが好ましい。攪拌体31の中心部には、シャフト32を挿入する孔部316が穿設されており、該孔部316に挿入されたシャフト32は、溶接などで攪拌体31に固定してもよいが、留め金などを加工して固定してもよい。 FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the stirring body 31 according to the present invention. In this embodiment, only two suction ports 314, three discharge ports 313, and three flow channels 315 are shown for easy understanding, but it goes without saying that the number thereof is not limited to two. .. As shown in the figure, the stirring body 31 is preferably formed so that a cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis L1 has a circular shape, and the entire shape thereof is not particularly limited, but it is predetermined from the viewpoint of ease of processing. It is preferable that the columnar or disk-like shape having a thickness of A hole 316 for inserting the shaft 32 is bored in the center of the stirring body 31, and the shaft 32 inserted into the hole 316 may be fixed to the stirring body 31 by welding or the like. You may process and fix a clasp etc.

図に示すように、吸入口314は吐出口313よりも攪拌体31の回転軸L1寄りに形成されており、これにより、それらを繋ぐ流路315は、吸入口314から吐出口313へ至るにしたがって、回転軸L1から離間するように傾斜する。かかる吸入口314と吐出口313の相対的な位置関係により、攪拌体31が回転したときに、吸入口314と吐出口313との間で遠心力の差異が発生し、豆乳が吸入口314から吸引されるとともに、吐出口313から吐出される。なお、吸入口314と吐出口313の形状や数は特に限定されず、また、流路315は直線状に限らず、曲線状に形成してもよい。 As shown in the figure, the suction port 314 is formed closer to the rotation axis L1 of the agitator 31 than the discharge port 313, so that the flow path 315 connecting them extends from the suction port 314 to the discharge port 313. Therefore, it is inclined so as to be separated from the rotation axis L1. Due to the relative positional relationship between the suction port 314 and the discharge port 313, when the agitator 31 rotates, a difference in centrifugal force occurs between the suction port 314 and the discharge port 313, soy milk is sucked from the suction port 314. It is sucked and discharged from the discharge port 313. The shapes and numbers of the suction ports 314 and the discharge ports 313 are not particularly limited, and the flow path 315 may be formed in a curved shape instead of being a straight shape.

吐出口313の中心から吸入口314の中心を結ぶ直線L2と、攪拌体31の回転軸L1との間で形成される角度は、回転による遠心力の差が生じれば良く、特に限定しない。しかし、攪拌31の厚みと吐出口313と吸入口314の開口径に関係するため、10度以上60度以下が好ましく、30度以上60度以下がさらに好ましい。10度未満では遠心力が弱くなり、60度を超えると攪拌体31自体を薄くして吸入口314と吐出口313を作る必要があり、加工が難しくなる。さらに、攪拌体31の材質は特に限定しないが運転条件からステンレスが好ましい。 The angle formed between the straight line L2 connecting the center of the discharge port 313 and the center of the suction port 314 and the rotation axis L1 of the stirring body 31 is not particularly limited as long as a difference in centrifugal force due to rotation occurs. However, it is preferably 10 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less, and more preferably 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less because it is related to the thickness of the stirring 31 and the opening diameters of the discharge port 313 and the suction port 314. If it is less than 10 degrees, the centrifugal force becomes weak, and if it exceeds 60 degrees, it is necessary to thin the stirring body 31 itself to form the suction port 314 and the discharge port 313, which makes processing difficult. Further, the material of the stirring body 31 is not particularly limited, but stainless steel is preferable in view of operating conditions.

また、本発明の攪拌体31は、シャフト32に対して一個のみ設けてもよいが、これを複数個として多段になるように設けてもよい。その場合、上下で隣接する攪拌体31の間には適度な間隔を設けることが好ましい。このように、攪拌体31を多段に設けることにより、更なる攪拌分散効果を得ることができる。 Further, the stirrer 31 of the present invention may be provided only one on the shaft 32, but may be provided in a plurality of stages by providing a plurality thereof. In that case, it is preferable to provide an appropriate space between the stirring bodies 31 that are vertically adjacent to each other. In this way, by providing the stirring bodies 31 in multiple stages, a further stirring and dispersing effect can be obtained.

攪拌体31は、駆動部34によりシャフト32を介して伝えられた回転力で回転するが、その回転速度は処理速度や吐出口313と吸入口314の開口径、流路315の内径、角度、吐出口313、吸入口314および流路315の数、さらには攪拌体31の個数などによって変更するのが好ましく、特に1,000rpmから2,000rpmの範囲が好ましい。これはインライン高速高せん断の撹拌機の3,500rpmから6,000rpmに比べて低速である。 The agitator 31 is rotated by the rotational force transmitted by the drive unit 34 via the shaft 32. The rotational speed of the agitator 31 is the processing speed, the opening diameters of the discharge port 313 and the suction port 314, the inner diameter of the flow path 315, the angle, It is preferable to change the number according to the number of the discharge ports 313, the suction ports 314, the flow paths 315, and the number of the agitators 31, and the like, and the range of 1,000 rpm to 2,000 rpm is particularly preferable. This is slow compared to 3,500 rpm to 6,000 rpm for inline high speed high shear agitators.

さらに、シャフト32を中空状に形成するとともに、攪拌体31の吸入口314の近傍に空気吐出孔(図示せず)を設けても良く、かかるシャフト32の中空部を通してエアを送り込み、空気吐出孔から吐出させることにより、豆乳の攪拌時にエアも混合することができる。これにより、油揚げなどを製造することも可能となる。 Further, the shaft 32 may be formed in a hollow shape, and an air discharge hole (not shown) may be provided in the vicinity of the suction port 314 of the agitator 31, and air may be sent through the hollow portion of the shaft 32. By discharging the soybean milk, air can be mixed when the soybean milk is stirred. This also makes it possible to produce deep-fried food.

本発明の攪拌機3の働きは以下の通りである。まず、凝固剤が添加された豆乳が取り付け口331からケーシング33内へと送り込まれる。内部に取り込まれた豆乳は、軸受け部材35の開口部352を通って攪拌体31方向へと送られる。攪拌体31は駆動部34により回転しているため、攪拌体31に達した豆乳は、攪拌体31の回転によりもたらされる遠心力によって吸入口314から吸引され、流路315を通過し、吐出口313から吐出される。その際、豆乳と凝固剤は十分に攪拌分散され、最終的に取り付け口332から供給ライン7へと吐出される。 The function of the stirrer 3 of the present invention is as follows. First, the soy milk added with the coagulant is fed into the casing 33 through the mounting port 331. The soybean milk taken into the inside is sent toward the stirring body 31 through the opening 352 of the bearing member 35. Since the stirrer 31 is rotated by the drive unit 34, the soybean milk that has reached the stirrer 31 is sucked from the suction port 314 by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the stirrer 31, passes through the flow path 315, and is discharged. It is ejected from 313. At that time, the soy milk and the coagulant are sufficiently stirred and dispersed, and finally discharged from the attachment port 332 to the supply line 7.

さらに、本発明の豆腐類の製造方法では、豆腐を製造する際、あるいはその直前に適宜乳化にがりを必要な量だけ製造し、豆腐製造ラインに直接または一旦専用タンクに保管してから必要に応じてポンプで供給してもよい。乳化にがりを専用タンクに保管する場合は乳化状態にもよるが室温で1日以内にするのが好ましい。以下、図4により、乳化にがりの製造ラインの構成について説明する。 Furthermore, in the method for producing tofu according to the present invention, when producing tofu, or immediately before that, an appropriate amount of emulsified bittern is produced, and if necessary, directly stored in a tofu production line or once in a dedicated tank. It may be supplied by a pump. When the emulsified bittern is stored in a dedicated tank, it is preferably kept at room temperature within 1 day depending on the emulsified state. The configuration of the emulsified bittern production line will be described below with reference to FIG.

本発明にかかる乳化にがり製造装置は、水相を入れるための水相タンク101、油相を入れるための油相タンク102、乳化機103、水相供給ライン104、油相循環ライン105、乳化にがり排出ライン106、水相供給ポンプ107、油相循環ポンプ108、乳化にがりタンク109、循環・排出切替弁110を備える。油相は油相タンク102から乳化機103を通って油相循環ライン105を循環し、105ライン中で水相が水相タンク101から供給される。そして、乳化機103(例えば、パイプラインホモミクサー(プライミックス製))により油中水型に乳化され、循環ライン105を通って油相タンク102に戻り、次の循環に回る。二循環目の油相循環ライン105内は油中水型で外相が油相であり、ライン内での水相との混合は油中水型に働くため、水相の供給量は最大化が図れる。水相供給終了後、所望の水相粒径になるまで乳化機の通液・油相循環を継続し、所望の水相粒径になった後は、循環・排出切替弁110を排出側に切替、直接豆乳ラインに供給するか、または乳化にがりタンク109に入れ、いったん保管してから定量的に豆乳ラインに供給される。 The emulsified bittern manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention includes a water phase tank 101 for containing a water phase, an oil phase tank 102 for containing an oil phase, an emulsifying machine 103, a water phase supply line 104, an oil phase circulation line 105, and an emulsion bittern. A discharge line 106, a water phase supply pump 107, an oil phase circulation pump 108, an emulsion bittern tank 109, and a circulation/discharge switching valve 110 are provided. The oil phase circulates in the oil phase circulation line 105 from the oil phase tank 102 through the emulsifier 103, and the water phase is supplied from the water phase tank 101 in the 105 line. Then, it is emulsified into a water-in-oil type by an emulsifying machine 103 (for example, pipeline homomixer (made by Primix)), returns to the oil phase tank 102 through the circulation line 105, and goes to the next circulation. Since the oil-phase circulation line 105 of the second circulation has a water-in-oil type and an outer phase is an oil phase, and mixing with the water phase in the line works in a water-in-oil type, the supply amount of the water phase is maximized. Can be achieved. After the completion of the water phase supply, the liquid passing/oil phase circulation of the emulsifier is continued until the desired water phase particle size is reached, and after the desired water phase particle size is reached, the circulation/discharge switching valve 110 is moved to the discharge side. It is supplied to the soybean milk line by switching, directly supplying to the soybean milk line, or put in the emulsion bittern tank 109, once stored and then quantitatively supplied to the soybean milk line.

このように、豆腐製造ラインとは別に設けた乳化にがり製造ラインにより製造された乳化にがりが直接豆腐製造ラインに供給できることから、油中水型安定化のための乳化剤を必ずしも必要とせず、豆腐風味の維持、向上が図れる。また、乳化機を通液する油相循環ラインに水相を供給することから、水相(無機塩)/油相比率の最大化が図れ、更に、油相循環パス回数に応じて水相粒径がコントロールでき油性被膜の最適化が図れることから、乳化にがりの分散性、油性被膜破壊による無機塩の放出制御が大豆蛋白凝固組織づくりに均質性・緻密化をもたらす。特に、せん断力の低い分散機には有効な乳化にがりが供給できる。 Thus, since the emulsifying bittern produced by the emulsifying bittern manufacturing line provided separately from the tofu manufacturing line can be directly supplied to the tofu manufacturing line, an emulsifier for stabilizing the water-in-oil type is not necessarily required, and the tofu flavor is Can be maintained and improved. Also, since the water phase is supplied to the oil phase circulation line that passes through the emulsifier, the ratio of the water phase (inorganic salt)/oil phase can be maximized, and further, the water phase particles can be changed according to the number of oil phase circulation passes. Since the diameter can be controlled and the oily film can be optimized, the dispersibility of the emulsified bittern and the release of the inorganic salt by breaking the oily film bring about homogeneity and densification in the soybean protein coagulation structure. In particular, an effective emulsified bittern can be supplied to a disperser having a low shearing force.

本発明の豆腐類の製造方法で使用される乳化にがりは特に限定されるものではない。一般に利用されている乳化にがりは、植物性食用油脂を油相とし、塩化マグネシウム等の無機塩の水溶液を水相として、耐塩性に優れた油中水型乳化力の強力な乳化剤であるポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステルを多用した油中水型乳化にがりである。この乳化剤の使用目的は高塩濃度の水相を油中に均一分散状態で長期間保持することである。よって乳化にがりを製造して長期保存する必要性がない乳化にがりでは、必ずしも乳化剤を必要とはしない。 The emulsified bittern used in the method for producing tofu of the present invention is not particularly limited. The commonly used emulsifying bittern is polyglycerin, which is a powerful emulsifier with a water-in-oil type emulsifying power that has excellent salt resistance, with vegetable edible oils and fats as the oil phase, and an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt such as magnesium chloride as the aqueous phase. It is a water-in-oil type emulsion bittern that uses a lot of condensed ricinoleic acid ester. The purpose of using this emulsifier is to keep the high salt concentration aqueous phase in oil for a long period of time in a uniformly dispersed state. Therefore, an emulsifying bittern which does not need to be manufactured and stored for a long period of time does not necessarily require an emulsifier.

本発明の豆腐類の製造方法で使用される乳化にがりは、本発明の豆腐類の製造方法の要件の一つである低せん断力、高分散性能の撹拌体による豆乳中への分散性に寄与できる形態が好ましい。さらに、前記記載する、乳化にがりの製造方法により、水相(無機塩)/油相比率の最大化が図れ、油相循環パス回数に応じて水相粒径が制御できる形態がより好ましい。こうした背景から種々検討したところ、高融点を有する油溶性微結晶を分散、懸濁した植物性液状油を油相とする乳化にがりを用いることで、本発明の豆腐類の製造方法が有用である。 The emulsified bittern used in the method for producing tofu of the present invention contributes to the dispersibility in soymilk by a stirring body having a low shearing force and high dispersion performance, which is one of the requirements for the method for producing tofu of the present invention. A form that can be formed is preferable. Further, it is more preferable that the method for producing an emulsion bittern as described above maximizes the water phase (inorganic salt)/oil phase ratio, and the particle size of the water phase can be controlled according to the number of oil phase circulation passes. From such a background, various investigations have been carried out. Dispersion of oil-soluble microcrystals having a high melting point, by using an emulsion bittern having a vegetable liquid oil in which the suspension is an oil phase, the method for producing tofu of the present invention is useful. ..

本発明にかかる乳化にがり製造装置による乳化にがり製造の実施例
塩化マグネシウム(製品名:クリスタリン(赤穂化成(株)製)42kgを水18kgに溶解した塩化マグネシウム水溶液60kgを水相タンク101に入れる。菜種サラダ油(日清オイリオ製)38,8kgにライスワックス(製品名:ライスワックスS−100(横関油脂工業(株)製)微粉末結晶1,2kgを分散した懸濁状油脂40kgを油相タンク102に入れる。乳化機103としてパイプラインミクサー(プライミクス製)を使用する。ミキサーの回転数は2000rpmで撹拌開始し、同時に、油相循環ポンプ(P9)の油相循環速度30L/分で油相循環を開始する。油相循環が定常状態になり次第、水相供給ポンプ(P108)の水相供給速度8L/分で油相循環ライン105への水相の供給を開始する。約4分で水相の供給は終了し、その後、油相循環を24分間継続する。このことはパイプラインミクサーの通過パス回数8に相当する。循環終了と同時に循環・排出切替弁110を排出に切替え、目的とする乳化にがり(水相粒径:22μm)100kgを得た。
Example of Emulsion Bittern Production Using Emulsion Bittern Production Apparatus According to the Present Invention 60 kg of magnesium chloride aqueous solution in which 42 kg of magnesium chloride (product name: crystallin (manufactured by Ako Kasei Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in 18 kg of water is put in the aqueous phase tank 101. 40 kg of suspended fats and oils in which 1 and 2 kg of fine powder crystals of rice wax (product name: Rice Wax S-100 (manufactured by Yokozeki Yushi Kogyo Co., Ltd.)) are dispersed in 38,8 kg of salad oil (manufactured by Nisshin Oillio) 40 g of oil phase tank 102 A pipeline mixer (made by Primix) is used as the emulsifier 103. The mixer starts stirring at a rotation speed of 2000 rpm, and at the same time, circulates the oil phase at an oil phase circulation speed of 30 L/min of the oil phase circulation pump (P9). As soon as the oil phase circulation reaches a steady state, the supply of the water phase to the oil phase circulation line 105 is started at a water phase supply rate of 8 L/min of the water phase supply pump (P108). The supply of the phase ends, and then the oil phase circulation is continued for 24 minutes, which corresponds to the number of passage passes of the pipeline mixer 8. At the same time as the end of the circulation, the circulation/discharge switching valve 110 is switched to discharge, and the purpose is Thus, 100 kg of emulsified bittern (particle diameter of aqueous phase: 22 μm) was obtained.

以下、本発明に係る撹拌体31を取り付けた撹拌機3を用い、遅効性を有する乳化にがり用いて豆乳から豆腐を製造する一態様を図1に示す豆腐の製造装置に従い説明する。 Hereinafter, one embodiment of producing tofu from soybean milk by using a stirrer 3 equipped with a stirring body 31 according to the present invention and using a slow-acting emulsifying bittern will be described with reference to the tofu producing apparatus shown in FIG.

まず、70〜85℃にした豆乳を豆乳タンク1に入れ、遅効性を有する乳化にがりを凝固剤タンク2に入れる。そして、豆乳タンク1から供給ライン5を介して撹拌機3へと豆乳を供給するとともに、凝固剤タンク2から供給ライン6を介して供給ライン5内を流れる豆乳に凝固剤を添加する。遅効性を有する乳化にがりの量は、豆乳の濃度や、製造する豆腐の種類にあわせて適宜設定すればよい。供給ライン5内において添加された乳化にがりは、豆乳とともに撹拌機3内に送り込まれ、撹拌機3内を通過する際に撹拌体31により豆乳中に撹拌分散される。その後、供給ライン7を介して成型ベルト4上に、もしくは、成型ライン上に配された型箱内へ、連続的に吐出される。その後、20分程度熟成されて豆乳の凝固が完了し、豆腐が成型、製造される。 First, soy milk at 70 to 85° C. is put in the soy milk tank 1, and emulsified bittern having a delayed action is put in the coagulant tank 2. Then, the soy milk is supplied from the soy milk tank 1 to the stirrer 3 via the supply line 5, and the coagulant is added to the soy milk flowing in the supply line 5 from the coagulant tank 2 via the supply line 6. The amount of the emulsion bittern having a delayed action may be appropriately set according to the concentration of soy milk and the type of tofu to be produced. The emulsified bittern added in the supply line 5 is sent into the stirrer 3 together with the soybean milk, and is stirred and dispersed in the soybean milk by the stirrer 31 when passing through the stirrer 3. After that, it is continuously discharged onto the molding belt 4 via the supply line 7 or into the mold box arranged on the molding line. Then, the soybean milk is aged for about 20 minutes to complete the solidification of the soybean milk, and the tofu is molded and manufactured.

斯くして得られる豆腐は、従来の乳化剤を含む乳化にがりを従来の高せん断力撹拌機で豆乳中へ分散して製造した豆腐よりも、非常に艶のある、弾力性に富んだ、舌ざわりの滑らかさに優れた、そして、大豆の旨み、香りが強く感じられるものである。 The tofu thus obtained is much glossier, more elastic, and has a smoother texture than the tofu produced by dispersing emulsified bittern containing a conventional emulsifier into soy milk with a conventional high shearing force agitator. It has excellent smoothness, and the flavor and aroma of soybeans are strongly felt.

本発明にかかる豆腐の製造装置による豆腐製造の実施例
撹拌体31は外径42mm、厚さ15mm、開口径8mm(SUS製)のものを撹拌機3に取り付けた。国産大豆(フクユタカ)から絞った豆乳(固形分濃度:Brix12)を豆乳タンク1に投入し80℃に温調する。前記乳化にがりの製造実施例で調製した乳化にがりを凝固剤タンク2に入れる。豆乳を供給ライン5に供給する供給速度は30kg/分に設定(P8)し、乳化にがりを供給ライン6に供給する供給速度は250g/分に設定(P9)する。この設定は豆乳に対して無機塩(塩化マグネシウム6水塩換算)0,36重量%の添加となる。上記撹拌機3に取り付けた撹拌体31の回転数は1800rpmに設定する。豆乳と乳化にがりの供給を同時に開始し、撹拌機3を通過して乳化にがりが分散された豆乳が供給ライン7を通して成型ベルト4上に連続して吐出される。品質確認のためベルトライン上に型箱を置いてサンプリングを行った。サンプリング後30秒経て豆乳の凝固が開始され、十分な分散性、遅効性が認められた。そのまま20分間熟成して完全に凝固した豆腐を型箱から取り出した。緻密な凝固組織で艶があり、弾力性に優れた豆腐が得られた。食味評価では滑らかな食感とフクユタカ特有の仄かな甘みと香りが感じられた。尚、上記製造条件での製造は、豆腐の生産量として1800kg/hr(時間当たり4500丁(一丁400g))で工業生産規模の連続生産に対応できる。
Example of Tofu Production by Tofu Production Apparatus According to the Present Invention A stirrer 31 having an outer diameter of 42 mm, a thickness of 15 mm, and an opening diameter of 8 mm (made by SUS) was attached to the stirrer 3. Soybean milk (solids concentration: Brix 12) squeezed from domestic soybean (Fukuyutaka) is put into the soymilk tank 1 and the temperature is adjusted to 80°C. The emulsified bittern prepared in the above-mentioned emulsified bittern production example is placed in the coagulant tank 2. The supply rate of supplying soy milk to the supply line 5 is set to 30 kg/min (P8), and the supply rate of supplying emulsified bittern to the supply line 6 is set to 250 g/min (P9). In this setting, 0,36% by weight of an inorganic salt (magnesium chloride hexahydrate conversion) is added to soymilk. The rotation speed of the agitator 31 attached to the agitator 3 is set to 1800 rpm. Supply of soy milk and emulsified bittern is started at the same time, soy milk in which the emulsified bittern has been dispersed by passing through the agitator 3 is continuously discharged onto the molding belt 4 through the supply line 7. Sampling was performed by placing a mold box on the belt line for quality confirmation. Soy milk started to coagulate 30 seconds after sampling, and sufficient dispersibility and delayed action were observed. The tofu, which had been aged for 20 minutes and completely solidified, was taken out from the mold box. A tofu having a dense solidified texture, gloss, and excellent elasticity was obtained. The taste evaluation showed a smooth texture and a mild sweetness and aroma peculiar to Fukuyutaka. In addition, the production under the above-mentioned production conditions can correspond to the continuous production of the industrial production scale with the production amount of tofu being 1800 kg/hr (4500 chome per hour (400 g)).

本発明の豆腐類の連続製造方法は、絹豆腐、木綿豆腐、充填豆腐などの豆腐の他に、油揚げ、がんもどき、厚揚げ等の豆腐生地の製造に使うことができ、それを油で揚げて連続で大量に加工製造できる。例えば自動凝固成型機で連続的に凝固した後、豆腐を切断して油で揚げれば風味と組織の良い油揚げが効率よく大量製造できる。 The continuous production method of tofu of the present invention, in addition to tofu such as silk tofu, cotton tofu, and filling tofu, can be used in the production of tofu dough such as fried, cancerous, and deep-fried tofu, which can be used with oil. Can be fried and continuously processed in large quantities. For example, if the tofu is cut and fried with oil after being continuously solidified with an automatic solidification molding machine, fried food with a good flavor and texture can be efficiently mass-produced.

1 … … 豆乳タンク
2 … … 凝固剤タンク
3 … … 攪拌機
4 … … 成型ベルト
5 … … 供給ライン
6 … … 供給ライン
7 … … 供給ライン
8 … … 供給ポンプ
9 … … 供給ポンプ
31 … … 攪拌体
32 … … シャフト
33 … … ケーシング
34 … … 駆動部
35 … … 軸受部材
36 … … 台座
101 … … 水相タンク
102 … … 油相タンク
103 … … 乳化機
104 … … 水相供給ライン
105 … … 油相循環ライン
106 … … 乳化にがり供給ライン
107 … … 水相供給ポンプ
108 … … 油相循環ポンプ
109 … … 乳化にがりタンク
110 … … 循環・排出切替弁
311 … … 天面
312 … … 底面
313 … … 吐出口
314 … … 吸入口
315 … … 流路
316 … … 孔部
351 … … 孔部
352 … … 開口部
L1 … … 回転軸
L2 … … 吐出口の中心から吸入口の中心を結ぶ直線
1 ... Soy milk tank 2 ... Coagulant tank 3 ... Stirrer 4 ... Molding belt 5 ... Supply line 6 ... Supply line 7 ... Supply line 8 ... Supply pump 9 ... Supply pump
31... Stirrer 32... Shaft
33... Casing 34... Drive part 35... Bearing member 36... Pedestal 101... Water phase tank 102... Oil phase tank 103... Emulsifier 104... Water phase supply line 105... Oil phase circulation line 106 ……… Emulsion bittern supply line 107 ……… Water phase supply pump 108 ……… Oil phase circulation pump 109 ……… Emulsion bittern tank 110 ……… Circulation/discharge switching valve 311 ……… Top surface
312... Bottom surface 313... Discharge port 314... Intake port 315... Flow path 316... Hole part 351... Hole part 352... Opening part L1... Rotating shaft L2... From the center of the discharge port to the intake port Straight line connecting the centers

Claims (10)

豆乳に乳化にがりを加えるステップと、乳化にがりを加えた豆乳が流通する供給ライン内に設けられた撹拌体により豆乳と乳化にがりを撹拌分散するステップを含み、前記撹拌体は駆動部により回転可能に設けられ、該攪拌体の底面に設けられた吸入口およびその天面に設けられた吐出口と、該吸入口及び該吐出口を繋ぐ流路を備え、該吸入口は該吐出口よりも該攪拌体の回転軸寄りに形成されていることを特徴とする豆腐類の連続製造方法。 The step of adding the emulsified bittern to the soymilk, and the step of stirring and dispersing the soymilk and the emulsified bittern by the agitator provided in the supply line in which the soymilk added the emulsified bittern is distributed, the agitator being rotatable by the drive unit. An inlet provided on the bottom surface of the stirrer and an outlet provided on the top surface thereof and a flow path connecting the inlet and the outlet are provided, and the inlet is more than the outlet. A continuous production method of tofu, which is characterized in that it is formed near the rotation axis of the stirring body. 前記吐出口の中心から吸入口の中心を結ぶ直線と、前記攪拌体の回転軸との間で形成される角度が10度以上60度以下となるように形成されている前記攪拌体により豆乳と乳化にがりを撹拌分散することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の豆腐類の連続製造方法。 Soy milk is produced by the stirring body formed so that the angle formed between the straight line connecting the center of the discharge port and the center of the suction port and the rotation axis of the stirring body is 10 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less. The continuous production method of tofu according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion bittern is stirred and dispersed. 前記駆動部に連結されたシャフトに対して多段になるように設けた複数の前記攪拌体により豆乳と乳化にがりを撹拌分散することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の豆腐類の連続製造方法。 The continuous production of tofu according to claim 1 or 2, wherein soybean milk and emulsified bittern are agitated and dispersed by a plurality of agitating members provided in multiple stages with respect to a shaft connected to the drive unit. Method. 前記駆動部に連結されたシャフトは中空状に形成されるとともに、該シャフトにおいて前記攪拌体の吸入口の近傍に空気吐出孔を設け、該シャフトの中空部を通してエアを送り込み、該空気吐出孔から吐出させることにより豆乳の攪拌時にエアを混合することを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の豆腐類の連続製造方法。 The shaft connected to the drive unit is formed in a hollow shape, and an air discharge hole is provided in the shaft in the vicinity of the suction port of the agitator, and air is sent through the hollow portion of the shaft from the air discharge hole. The continuous production method of tofu according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein air is mixed when the soy milk is stirred by discharging. 豆腐製造ラインとは別に設けた乳化にがり製造ラインにより、乳化機を通液するライン内を循環する油相に水相を徐々に加えて乳化し、所望の水相平均粒径になるまで更に循環を行い、油中水型に乳化することで製造された乳化にがりを豆腐製造ラインに供給することを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の豆腐類の連続製造方法。 By an emulsifying bittern production line provided separately from the tofu production line, the aqueous phase is gradually added to the oil phase circulating in the line passing through the emulsifier to emulsify and further circulate until the desired average water phase particle size is reached. The continuous production method of tofu according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the emulsified bittern produced by emulsifying to a water-in-oil type is supplied to the tofu production line. 豆乳が流通する供給ライン内に攪拌体を備え、該攪拌体は、その底面に設けられた吸入口およびその天面に設けられた吐出口と、該吸入口及び該吐出口を繋ぐ流路を備え、該吸入口は該吐出口よりも該攪拌体の回転軸寄りに形成されていることを特徴とする豆腐類の連続製造装置 An agitator is provided in a supply line through which soy milk flows, and the agitator has a suction port provided on its bottom surface and a discharge port provided on its top surface, and a flow path connecting the suction port and the discharge port. An apparatus for continuously producing tofu, characterized in that the suction port is formed closer to the rotation axis of the stirring body than the discharge port. 吐出口の中心から吸入口の中心を結ぶ直線と、攪拌体の回転軸との間で形成される角度が10度以上60度以下となるように形成された前記攪拌体を備えたことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の豆腐類の連続製造装置Wherein the straight line connecting the centers of the suction port from the center of the discharge port, further comprising the agitation body angle formed is formed to be equal to or less than 60 degrees 10 degrees with the rotational axis of the stirrer The continuous production apparatus for tofu according to claim 6. 駆動部に連結されたシャフトに対して多段になるように設けた複数の前記攪拌体を備えたことを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の豆腐類の連続製造装置。 The continuous manufacturing apparatus for tofu according to claim 6 or 7 , further comprising a plurality of the stirring bodies provided in multiple stages with respect to a shaft connected to the driving unit. 駆動部に連結されたシャフトは中空状に形成されるとともに、該シャフトにおいて前記攪拌体の吸入口の近傍に空気吐出孔を設けたことを特徴とする請求項6ないし8のいずれかに記載の豆腐類の連続製造装置。 Shaft connected to the drive unit is formed in a hollow shape, according to any one of 6 to claim, characterized in that a air discharge holes in the vicinity of the inlet of the stirring body in the shaft 8 Continuous tofu manufacturing equipment. 豆腐製造ラインとは別に、乳化機を通液するライン内を循環する油相に水相を徐々に加えて乳化し、所望の水相平均粒径になるまで更に循環を行い、油中水型に乳化された乳化にがりを製造するラインを備えた請求項6ないし9のいずれかに記載の豆腐類の連続製造装置。 Separately from the tofu production line, the aqueous phase is gradually added to the oil phase circulating in the line that passes through the emulsifier to emulsify and further circulate until the desired average particle size of the water phase is reached. The continuous production apparatus for tofu according to claim 6, further comprising a line for producing the emulsified bittern that has been emulsified.
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