JP6689765B2 - Melting depth calculating method, melting volume calculating method, metal part manufacturing method, melting depth calculating device and program - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、溶融深さ算出方法、溶融体積算出方法、金属部品の製造方法、溶融深さ算出装置及びプログラムに関する。 The present invention relates to a melting depth calculation method, a melting volume calculation method, a metal part manufacturing method, a melting depth calculation device, and a program.
２つの金属部品を接触させて通電する構成で、金属部品が摩耗する場合がある。例えば、電気鉄道における電力供給方法の１つに、トロリ線にパンタグラフのすり板を接触させて電車がトロリ線から電力供給を受ける方法がある。この方法で、トロリ線またはすり板が摩耗して部品交換等の補修が行われる場合がある。
かかるトロリ線またはすり板の摩耗に関連して、特許文献１では、トロリ線及びすり板の温度を解析する方法が開示されている。特に、特許文献１では、トロリ線及びすり板における電位と温度との関係が示されている。この関係に基づいて摩耗形態を推測することで、トロリ線及びすり板の材料選択に要する手間やコストの軽減につながる。
In a configuration in which two metal parts are brought into contact with each other to conduct electricity, the metal parts may be worn. For example, as one of power supply methods in electric railways, there is a method in which a trolley wire is brought into contact with a pantograph contact plate so that a train receives power from the trolley wire. By this method, the trolley wire or the contact plate may be worn and repair such as parts replacement may be performed.
Regarding the wear of the trolley wire or the contact plate, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of analyzing the temperatures of the trolley wire and the contact plate. In particular, in Patent Document 1, the relationship between the potential and temperature in the contact wire and the contact plate is shown. By estimating the wear mode based on this relationship, the labor and cost required for selecting the materials for the contact wire and the contact strip can be reduced.
トロリ線及びすり板など、２つの金属部品を接触させて通電する構成で、金属部品が溶融する度合いを定量的に推定できれば、金属部品の摩耗の速さをより高精度に推定でき、金属部品の材質及び形状の判定や、補修時期の判定に役立てることができる。 If two metal parts such as a trolley wire and a contact plate are energized by contacting them, if the degree of melting of the metal parts can be quantitatively estimated, the speed of wear of the metal parts can be estimated with higher accuracy. It can be useful for determining the material and shape of the, and determining the repair time.
本発明は、２つの金属部品を接触させて通電する構成で、金属部品が溶融する度合いを定量的に推定できる溶融深さ算出方法、溶融体積算出方法、金属部品の製造方法、溶融深さ算出装置及びプログラムを提供する。 The present invention has a configuration in which two metal parts are brought into contact with each other to conduct electricity, and a melting depth calculation method, a melting volume calculation method, a metal part manufacturing method, and a melting depth calculation capable of quantitatively estimating the degree of melting of the metal parts. An apparatus and a program are provided.
本発明の第１の態様によれば、溶融深さ算出方法は、第一金属部品と接触して前記第一金属部品との間で通電する第二金属部品の、前記第一金属部品との接触面から前記第二金属部品の溶融部分の最深部までの距離である前記第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出する溶融深さ算出方法であって、前記第一金属部品の電気抵抗率、及び、前記第二金属部品の電気抵抗率に基づいて、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位を算出するステップと、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第二金属部品の融点、及び、前記第二金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、を含む。
According to the 1st mode of the present invention, a fusion depth calculation method is a method of contacting a 1st metal part, and energizing between said 1st metal part and said 1st metal part. A melting depth calculation method for calculating the melting depth of the second metal component, which is the distance from the contact surface to the deepest part of the molten portion of the second metal component, the electrical resistivity of the first metal component, And a step of calculating an electric potential at a contact portion between the first metal component and the second metal component , based on the electrical resistivity of the second metal component, the first metal component and the second metal component. Voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component when energized between, the melting point of the second metal component, and based on information indicating the potential distribution and temperature in the second metal component Calculate the potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal part And the step that,
A potential at a contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component, and a step of calculating a melting depth of the second metal component based on a potential corresponding to a melting point of the second metal component, including.
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第一金属部品の融点、及び、前記第一金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、を含むようにしてもよい。 A voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, a melting point of the first metal component, and the first metal component Based on the information showing the relationship between the potential distribution and temperature, the step of calculating the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component, the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component, Calculating the melting depth of the first metal component based on a potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component.
本発明の第２の態様によれば、溶融体積算出方法は、上記の溶融深さ算出方法を実行するステップと、前記第二金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、前記第二金属部品内部の等温面の形状が回転楕円体である場合の前記第二金属部品の溶融部分の体積を算出するステップと、を含む。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, a melting volume calculation method includes a step of executing the melting depth calculation method described above, and a melting volume of the inside of the second metal component based on a melting depth of the second metal component. Calculating the volume of the molten portion of the second metal component when the shape of the isothermal surface is a spheroid.
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第一金属部品の融点、及び、前記第一金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、前記第一金属部品内部の等温面の形状が回転楕円体である場合の前記第一金属部品の溶融部分の体積を算出するステップと、を含むようにしてもよい。 A voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, a melting point of the first metal component, and the first metal component Based on the information showing the relationship between the potential distribution and temperature, the step of calculating the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component, the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component, A step of calculating a melting depth of the first metal component based on a potential corresponding to a melting point of the first metal component, and an inside of the first metal component based on a melting depth of the first metal component Calculating the volume of the molten portion of the first metal component when the shape of the isothermal surface is a spheroid.
本発明の第３の態様によれば、金属部品の製造方法は、上記の溶融深さ算出方法を実行するステップと、前記第二金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、前記第二金属部品の材質及び形状のうち少なくともいずれか一方を決定するステップを含む。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a metal component is a method of performing the above-described melting depth calculation method, and a method of manufacturing the second metal component based on the melting depth of the second metal component. The step of determining at least one of a material and a shape is included.
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第一金属部品の融点、及び、前記第一金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の材質及び形状のうち少なくともいずれか一方を決定するステップと、を含むようにしてもよい。 A voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, a melting point of the first metal component, and the first metal component Based on the information showing the relationship between the potential distribution and temperature, the step of calculating the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component, the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component, Based on the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component, the step of calculating the melting depth of the first metal component, based on the melting depth of the first metal component, the first metal component Determining at least one of the material and the shape.
本発明の第４の態様によれば、溶融深さ算出装置は、第一金属部品と接触して前記第一金属部品との間で通電する第二金属部品の、前記第一金属部品との接触面から前記第二金属部品の溶融部分の最深部までの距離である前記第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出する溶融深さ算出装置であって、前記第一金属部品の電気抵抗率、及び、前記第二金属部品の電気抵抗率に基づいて、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位を算出する接触箇所電位算出部と、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第二金属部品の融点、及び、前記第二金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出する融点相当電位算出部と、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出する溶融深さ算出部と、を含む。 According to the 4th aspect of this invention, a fusion depth calculation apparatus is a 2nd metal component which contacts with a 1st metal component, and supplies with electricity with the said 1st metal component, with the said 1st metal component. A melting depth calculation device for calculating the melting depth of the second metal component, which is the distance from the contact surface to the deepest part of the molten portion of the second metal component, the electrical resistivity of the first metal component, And a contact point potential calculation unit that calculates a potential at a contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component based on the electrical resistivity of the second metal component, the first metal component and the first metal component. The voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the two metal components, the melting point of the second metal component, and the relationship between the potential distribution and temperature in the second metal component. Corresponds to the melting point of the second metal component based on the information provided Based on a potential corresponding to a melting point of the second metal component and a potential at a contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component, and a potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal component. And a melting depth calculation unit that calculates the melting depth of the component.
前記融点相当電位算出部は、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第一金属部品の融点、及び、前記第一金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出し、前記溶融深さ算出部は、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するようにしてもよい。 The melting point equivalent potential calculation unit is a voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, the melting point of the first metal component, And , based on the information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature in the first metal component, calculates the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component, the melting depth calculation unit, the first metal component The melting depth of the first metal component may be calculated based on the potential at the contact point between the second metal component and the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component.
本発明の第５の態様によれば、プログラムは、コンピュータに、第一金属部品と接触して前記第一金属部品との間で通電する第二金属部品の、前記第一金属部品との接触面から前記第二金属部品の溶融部分の最深部までの距離である前記第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出させるためのプログラムであって、前記第一金属部品の電気抵抗率、及び、前記第二金属部品の電気抵抗率に基づいて、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位を算出するステップと、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第二金属部品の融点、及び、前記第二金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、を実行させるためのプログラムである。 According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the program causes a computer to contact a first metal component with a second metal component that is in contact with the first metal component and energizes with the first metal component. A program for calculating the melting depth of the second metal part, which is the distance from the surface to the deepest part of the melting part of the second metal part , and the electrical resistivity of the first metal part, and Based on the electrical resistivity of the second metal component, the step of calculating the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component, between the first metal component and the second metal component The voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component when energized, the melting point of the second metal component, and based on the information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature in the second metal component, the Corresponds to the melting point of the second metal part Based on the step of calculating the potential, the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component, and the potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal component, the melting depth of the second metal component. And a program for executing the step of calculating the height.
前記コンピュータに、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第一金属部品の融点、及び、前記第一金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、をさらに実行させるためのプログラムであってもよい。 A voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component; a melting point of the first metal component; Calculating a potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component, based on information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature in the one metal component, and the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component It may be a program for further executing the step of calculating the melting depth of the first metal component based on the potential of the first metal component and the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component.
本発明によれば、２つの金属部品を接触させて通電する構成で、金属部品が溶融する度合いを定量的に推定できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to quantitatively estimate the degree of melting of a metal component with a configuration in which two metal components are brought into contact with each other to conduct electricity.
以下、本発明の実施形態を説明するが、以下の実施形態は請求の範囲にかかる発明を限定するものではない。また、実施形態の中で説明されている特徴の組み合わせの全てが発明の解決手段に必須であるとは限らない。
また、以下ではトロリ線とパンタグラフのすり板との間に通電する場合を例に説明する。トロリ線とすり板との組み合わせは第一金属部品と第二金属部品との組み合わせの例に該当する。例えば、トロリ線は第一金属部品の例に該当し、すり板は第二金属部品の例に該当する。あるいは、すり板は第一金属部品の例に該当し、トロリ線は第二金属部品の例に該当する。ここでいう金属部品は金属を用いて構成された部品である。
但し、本実施形態で対象とする２つの金属部品は、トロリ線及びすり板に限定されない。２つの金属部品が接触し、これら金属部品間に通電するいろいろな対象に本実施形態を適用することができる。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the following embodiments do not limit the invention according to the claims. In addition, not all of the combinations of features described in the embodiments are essential to the solving means of the invention.
Further, in the following, a case where electricity is supplied between the trolley wire and the slide plate of the pantograph will be described as an example. The combination of the trolley wire and the contact plate corresponds to an example of the combination of the first metal component and the second metal component. For example, the trolley wire corresponds to an example of the first metal component, and the contact plate corresponds to an example of the second metal component. Alternatively, the contact plate corresponds to an example of the first metal component, and the trolley wire corresponds to an example of the second metal component. The metal part here is a part made of metal.
However, the two metal parts targeted in the present embodiment are not limited to the contact wire and the contact plate. The present embodiment can be applied to various objects in which two metal parts are in contact with each other and an electric current is applied between these metal parts.
まず、本実施形態で金属部品が溶融する度合いを示す値を算出する方法について、数式を用いて説明する。
図１は、本発明の実施形態に係る温度解析モデルを示す図である。
図１に示すように、トロリ線１００及びすり板１１０を、互いの円形面で接触する円柱の電極とし、トロリ線１００、すり板１１０各々の接触表面に存在する酸化膜を被膜抵抗としたモデルを構築する。すなわち、トロリ線１００及びすり板１１０のうち図１に示される部分が、モデルの中心軸であるＺ軸の箇所への影響に関して支配的な部分と考えられ、この部分をシミュレーションの対象とする。
First, a method of calculating a value indicating the degree of melting of a metal component in this embodiment will be described using mathematical expressions.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a temperature analysis model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, a model in which the trolley wire 100 and the contact plate 110 are cylindrical electrodes contacting each other on their circular surfaces, and the oxide film existing on the contact surface of each of the contact wire 100 and the contact plate 110 is the film resistance. To build. That is, the portion of the trolley wire 100 and the sliding plate 110 shown in FIG. 1 is considered to be the dominant portion with respect to the influence on the location of the Z axis, which is the central axis of the model, and this portion is targeted for simulation.
ここで、トロリ線１００及びすり板１１０の母材の半径をＤ、トロリ線１００とすり板１１０とが物理的に接触する接触表面（以下、接触点Ａとも記載する）の半径（接点半径）をａとし、トロリ線１００の接触表面に存在する酸化膜であるトロリ線表面被膜１０１の厚さをｄ１、すり板１１０の接触表面に存在する酸化膜であるすり板表面被膜１１１の厚さをｄ２とする。
なお、図１に示す温度解析モデルの態様は、本実施形態に係る温度解析方法において十分な解析精度を有するモデルのうち最も簡素な態様の一つであって、当該モデルに限定されるものではない。
Here, the radius of the base material of the trolley wire 100 and the contact strip 110 is D, and the radius (contact radius) of the contact surface (hereinafter also referred to as contact point A) where the trolley wire 100 and the contact strip 110 physically contact each other. Is a, the thickness of the trolley wire surface coating 101 which is an oxide film existing on the contact surface of the trolley wire 100 is d 1 , and the thickness of the contact plate surface coating 111 which is an oxide film existing on the contact surface of the contact plate 110. Be d 2 .
Note that the mode of the temperature analysis model shown in FIG. 1 is one of the simplest modes among models having sufficient analysis accuracy in the temperature analysis method according to the present embodiment, and is not limited to the model. Absent.
ここで、図１左に示す円柱状のトロリ線１００及びすり板１１０の所定領域を模したモデルを円周方向に分割し、図１右に示すような１ピース分のモデルを考える。
図２は、図１に示す温度解析モデルにおける電気回路の構成を示す図である。図２では、図１右に示す１ピース分のモデルをさらにｒ方向及びｚ方向に、メッシュ状に分割した場合における、各一要素についての電気回路の構成を示している。図２に示す電気回路のうち、電気抵抗Ｒ１〜Ｒ４に接続される中央部分における電位φ０は、その上下左右の各要素における電位φ１〜φ４及び電気抵抗Ｒ１〜Ｒ４に基づいて、式（１）により求めることができる。
Here, a model simulating a predetermined area of the cylindrical trolley wire 100 and the sliding plate 110 shown on the left of FIG. 1 is divided in the circumferential direction, and a model for one piece as shown on the right of FIG. 1 is considered.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electric circuit in the temperature analysis model shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the electric circuit for each element when the one-piece model shown on the right in FIG. 1 is further divided into meshes in the r and z directions. Of the electrical circuit shown in FIG. 2, the potential phi 0 in the central portion connected to the electric resistance R 1 to R 4 is a potential phi 1 to [phi] 4 and the electrical resistance R 1 to R 4 in each element of the vertical and horizontal Based on this, it can be obtained by the equation (1).
図２において、電気抵抗Ｒ１〜Ｒ４に接続される中央部分の温度θ０は、式（２）により求めることができる。 In FIG. 2, the temperature θ 0 of the central portion connected to the electric resistances R 1 to R 4 can be obtained by the equation (2).
ここで、“Ｌ”は、ローレンツ数（＝２．４×１０−８［Ｋ／Ｖ］２）を示す。“Φ”は、メッシュ状に分割された各要素間の電位差［Ｖ］を示す。
なお、実際のトロリ線１００とすり板１１０との接触点Ａは、しゅう動接点であるが、接触点Ａの移動時間に対して、トロリ線１００及びすり板１１０の接触点Ａ近傍に生じる温度上昇は十分に短い時間で発生する。このため、トロリ線１００とすり板１１０との接触点Ａを静接点と見なしても、解析結果には、大きな誤差は生じないと考えられる。但し、しゅう動接点を考慮した非定常熱伝導解析を用いるようにしてもよい。
Here, “L” indicates the Lorentz number (= 2.4 × 10 −8 [K / V] 2 ). “Φ” indicates a potential difference [V] between the respective elements divided in a mesh shape.
Although the contact point A between the actual trolley wire 100 and the sliding plate 110 is a sliding contact, the temperature generated near the contact point A between the trolley wire 100 and the sliding plate 110 with respect to the moving time of the contact point A. The rise occurs in a sufficiently short time. Therefore, even if the contact point A between the trolley wire 100 and the contact strip 110 is regarded as a static contact, it is considered that no large error occurs in the analysis result. However, an unsteady heat conduction analysis that considers the sliding contact may be used.
図３は、トロリ線及びすり板における電位分布の例を示す図である。図３は、式（１）及び式（２）を用いてシミュレーションを行って得られた電位分布を示している。図３では、図１に示すモデルの中心軸を含む断面のうち中心軸から右半分における電位分布を示している。図３に示される電位分布を、中心軸まわりに１回転させると、モデル全体の電位分布を得られる。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the potential distribution on the contact wire and the contact plate. FIG. 3 shows a potential distribution obtained by performing a simulation using the equations (1) and (2). FIG. 3 shows the potential distribution in the right half from the central axis in the cross section including the central axis of the model shown in FIG. By rotating the potential distribution shown in FIG. 3 once around the central axis, the potential distribution of the entire model can be obtained.
図４は、トロリ線及びすり板における温度分布の例を示す図である。図４は、図３の例におけるシミュレーションで得られた温度分布を示している。図４では、図１に示すモデルの中心軸を含む断面のうち中心軸から右半分における温度分布を示している。図４に示される温度分布を、中心軸まわりに１回転させると、モデル全体の温度分布を得られる。
線Ｌ１１及びＬ１２に例示されるように、トロリ線内部、すり板内部のいずれにおいても、等温面はおよそ楕円（の４分の１の）形状をしている。モデル全体では、すり板内部のいずれにおいても、等温面を回転楕円体（の半分の）形状で近似できる。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of temperature distribution in the contact wire and the contact plate. FIG. 4 shows the temperature distribution obtained by the simulation in the example of FIG. FIG. 4 shows the temperature distribution in the right half from the central axis in the cross section including the central axis of the model shown in FIG. When the temperature distribution shown in FIG. 4 is rotated once around the central axis, the temperature distribution of the entire model can be obtained.
As illustrated by the lines L11 and L12, the isothermal surface has an elliptical shape (about 1/4) both inside the contact wire and inside the contact plate. In the entire model, the isothermal surface can be approximated by the shape of a spheroid (half of it) inside the contact plate.
図５は、トロリ線及びすり板における電位と温度との関係の例を示すグラフである。
図１、図２に示すモデルを用いたシミュレーション結果によれば、当該モデルにおける電位分布と温度分布との関係は、図５に示すグラフのようになる。図５では、縦軸に温度［Ｋ（ケルビン）］を、横軸に電位［Ｖ（ボルト）］をとり、図１に示すモデルのｚ軸上の要素毎に電位と温度との関係をプロットしている。なお、境界条件として、トロリ線１００及びすり板１１０のｚ軸方向における末端の温度（バルク温度）は、３００Ｋとしている。ここでいうバルク温度は、モデルの境界条件として設定される温度である。気温などトロリ線及びすり板の周囲の温度をバルク温度として設定する。
FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the electric potential and the temperature on the contact wire and the contact plate.
According to the simulation results using the model shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature distribution in the model is as shown in the graph of FIG. In FIG. 5, temperature [K (Kelvin)] is plotted on the vertical axis, and potential [V (volt)] is plotted on the horizontal axis, and the relationship between the potential and the temperature is plotted for each element on the z axis of the model shown in FIG. is doing. As a boundary condition, the temperature (bulk temperature) at the end of the trolley wire 100 and the contact strip 110 in the z-axis direction is 300K. The bulk temperature here is a temperature set as a boundary condition of the model. The temperature around the trolley wire and the contact strip, such as the temperature, is set as the bulk temperature.
図５に示すように、トロリ線１００及びすり板１１０内の接触点Ａ近傍における電位と温度との関係は放物線状の分布となる。また、接触点Ａ近傍の所定領域内（図１に示す電極内）全体の最高温度（全体最高温度θｍａｘ）は、接触電圧Ｖｃの中間値となる位置で発生する。例えば、接触電圧Ｖｃが０．４Ｖの場合、全体の最高温度は、電位が０．２Ｖとなる位置で発生する。 As shown in FIG. 5, the relationship between the potential and the temperature in the vicinity of the contact point A in the trolley wire 100 and the contact plate 110 has a parabolic distribution. In addition, the maximum temperature (total maximum temperature θ max ) of the entire predetermined region (inside of the electrode shown in FIG. 1) in the vicinity of the contact point A occurs at a position having an intermediate value of the contact voltage V c . For example, when the contact voltage V c is 0.4V, the maximum temperature of the whole occurs at the position where the potential is 0.2V.
ここで、接触電圧とは、トロリ線及びすり板を通じて電気車両に所定の電力（電流）が供給される際に、当該トロリ線とすり板との接触点近傍に生じる電圧（電位差）である。図１に示すトロリ線１００及びすり板１１０のモデルの場合、接触点Ａを介して上下方向（トロリ線１００の＋Ｚ方向端面からすり板１１０の−Ｚ方向端面）にかけて生じる電位差である。なお、トロリ線１００からすり板１１０に向けて電流が流れる場合に生じる電圧値を正の値とする。 Here, the contact voltage is a voltage (potential difference) generated in the vicinity of a contact point between the trolley wire and the contact plate when a predetermined electric power (current) is supplied to the electric vehicle through the trolley wire and the contact plate. In the case of the model of the trolley wire 100 and the contact strip 110 shown in FIG. 1, it is a potential difference generated from the contact point A in the vertical direction (from the + Z direction end face of the trolley wire 100 to the −Z direction end face of the contact strip 110). It should be noted that the voltage value generated when a current flows from the trolley wire 100 toward the sliding plate 110 is a positive value.
また、放物線状の関係は、接触電圧Ｖｃの大きさによらず、また、異種金属（即ち、トロリ線１００からすり板１１０）に渡って連続的に、継ぎ目なく生じていることが読み取れる。したがって、図５に示すような電位分布と温度分布との関係が放物線状となる現象は、異種金属間に渡って電圧（接触電圧Ｖｃ）が印加された場合にも適用でき、金属材料固有の特性値に依存しないといえる。 Further, it can be seen that the parabolic relationship is continuously and seamlessly generated regardless of the magnitude of the contact voltage V c and across the dissimilar metal (that is, the contact wire 100 to the contact plate 110). Therefore, the phenomenon in which the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature distribution is parabolic as shown in FIG. 5 can be applied even when a voltage (contact voltage V c ) is applied across dissimilar metals, and is unique to metal materials. It can be said that it does not depend on the characteristic value of.
図５において、電位分布及び温度分布解析の結果より得られたトロリ線１００とすり板１１０との接触点Ａ（接触境界）における電位及び温度を破線で示す。このグラフにおける接触境界の位置は、トロリ線１００の電気抵抗率とすり板１１０の電気抵抗率との比に応じて定まる。 In FIG. 5, the potential and temperature at the contact point A (contact boundary) between the trolley wire 100 and the contact strip 110, which are obtained from the results of the potential distribution and temperature distribution analysis, are indicated by broken lines. The position of the contact boundary in this graph is determined according to the ratio between the electrical resistivity of the trolley wire 100 and the electrical resistivity of the contact plate 110.
ここで、図５のグラフの横軸に示される電位を接触電圧で除算することで無次元化を行う。
２次元円柱座標系のモデルで得られた式（２）は、図１の座標軸Ｚに関して式（３）に変換される。
Here, the potential shown on the horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 5 is divided by the contact voltage to make dimensionless.
The equation (2) obtained by the model of the two-dimensional cylindrical coordinate system is converted into the equation (3) with respect to the coordinate axis Z in FIG.
境界条件であるトロリ線１００及びすり板１１０のバルク温度を３００Ｋとし、電位が１／２・Ｖｃとなる位置において全体最高温度θｍａｘとなることから、式（４）が得られる。 Since the bulk temperature of the trolley wire 100 and the contact strip 110, which is a boundary condition, is 300 K and the total maximum temperature θ max is reached at the position where the potential is ½ · V c , the formula (4) is obtained.
次に、放物線内の任意の電位φにおける温度θは式（５）で表すことができる。 Next, the temperature θ at an arbitrary potential φ in the parabola can be expressed by the equation (5).
式（４）を式（５）に代入して、式（６）を導く。 Equation (4) is substituted into equation (5) to derive equation (6).
式（６）における無次元化された電位φ／Ｖｃと温度θとの関係は、図６のように示される。
図６は、トロリ線及びすり板における無次元化された電位と温度との関係の例を示すグラフである。図６では、縦軸に温度［Ｋ］を、横軸に電位［Ｖ］をとり、式（６）における無次元化された電位φ／Ｖｃと温度θとの関係をプロットしている。なお、境界条件として、トロリ線１００及びすり板１１０のｚ軸方向における末端の温度（バルク温度）は、３００Ｋとしている。
図５の場合と同様、図６における無次元化された電位と温度との関係は放物線状の分布となっている。この放物線を「電位−温度放物線」と称する。また、無次元化された電位を「無次元化電位」と称する。あるいは、無次元化された電位を単に「電位」とも称する。
The relationship between the dimensionless potential φ / V c and the temperature θ in the equation (6) is shown in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the dimensionless electric potential and the temperature in the contact wire and the contact strip. In FIG. 6, the temperature [K] is plotted on the vertical axis and the potential [V] is plotted on the horizontal axis, and the relationship between the dimensionless potential φ / V c and the temperature θ in the equation (6) is plotted. As a boundary condition, the temperature (bulk temperature) at the end of the trolley wire 100 and the contact strip 110 in the z-axis direction is 300K.
As in the case of FIG. 5, the relationship between the dimensionless potential and the temperature in FIG. 6 has a parabolic distribution. This parabola is called "potential-temperature parabola". The dimensionless potential is referred to as "dimensionless potential". Alternatively, the dimensionless potential is also simply referred to as “potential”.
図６において、すり板１１０のｚ軸方向の末端（下方端）の電位を０Ｖとしているため、接触境界における電位φｃは、すり板１１０内に生じる電圧降下分に等しい。この接触境界における電位φｃと接触電圧Ｖｃとの比、即ち、トロリ線１００とすり板１１０との接触境界における無次元化電位φｃ／Ｖｃをαとし、これを「接触境界係数」と称する。接触境界係数αは、式（７）のように示される。 In FIG. 6, since the electric potential at the end (lower end) in the z-axis direction of the contact plate 110 is 0 V, the potential φ c at the contact boundary is equal to the voltage drop generated in the contact plate 110. The ratio between the potential φ c and the contact voltage V c at this contact boundary, that is, the dimensionless potential φ c / V c at the contact boundary between the trolley wire 100 and the contact strip 110 is α, and this is the “contact boundary coefficient”. Called. The contact boundary coefficient α is expressed as in Expression (7).
ここで、ρ１は、トロリ線の電気抵抗率［Ωｍ］を示す。ρ２は、すり板の電気抵抗率［Ωｍ］を示す。ρｆ１は、トロリ線上の被膜抵抗の電気抵抗率［Ωｍ］を示す。ρｆ２は、すり板上の被膜抵抗の電気抵抗率［Ωｍ］を示す。ｄ１は、トロリ線上の被膜抵抗の厚さ［ｍ］を示す。ｄ２は、すり板上の被膜抵抗の厚さ［ｍ］を示す。ａは、接点半径［ｍ］を示す。
接点半径ａの値は、例えばトロリ線の材質及びすり板の材質に基づいて想定されていてもよい。あるいは、熱伝導率λと電流Ｉと接点半径ａとの関係を示す式（８）に基づいて接点半径ａを算出するようにしてもよい。
Here, ρ 1 indicates the electrical resistivity [Ωm] of the trolley wire. ρ 2 indicates the electrical resistivity [Ωm] of the contact plate. ρ f1 represents the electrical resistivity [Ωm] of the film resistance on the trolley wire. ρ f2 represents the electrical resistivity [Ωm] of the film resistance on the contact plate. d 1 represents the thickness [m] of the film resistance on the trolley wire. d 2 indicates the thickness [m] of the film resistance on the contact plate. a indicates a contact radius [m].
The value of the contact radius a may be assumed based on, for example, the material of the trolley wire and the material of the contact plate. Alternatively, the contact radius a may be calculated based on the equation (8) indicating the relationship among the thermal conductivity λ, the current I, and the contact radius a.
熱伝導率λの値として、例えば、トロリ線の熱伝導率とすり板の熱伝導率との平均値を用いることができる。
電位−温度放物線にてトロリ線の融点に対応付けられる電位を、トロリ線の融点に相当する電位と称し、β１で示す。また、電位−温度放物線にてすり板の融点に対応付けられる電位を、すり板の融点に相当する電位と称し、β２で示す。
トロリ線の融点に相当する電位β１は、式（９）のように示される。
As the value of the thermal conductivity λ, for example, an average value of the thermal conductivity of the trolley wire and the thermal conductivity of the contact plate can be used.
The potential corresponding to the melting point of the trolley wire on the potential-temperature parabola is referred to as the potential corresponding to the melting point of the trolley wire, and is indicated by β 1 . Further, the potential associated with the melting point of the contact strip by the potential-temperature parabola is referred to as the potential corresponding to the melting point of the contact strip, and is indicated by β 2 .
The potential β 1 corresponding to the melting point of the trolley wire is represented by the equation (9).
ここで、Ｔｍｔは、トロリ線の融点［Ｋ］を示す。式（６）の温度θにトロリ線の融点Ｔｍｔを代入して無次元化電位φ／Ｖｃについて二次方程式を解き、大きい方の解を選択することで式（９）を得られる。
また、すり板の融点に相当する電位β２は、式（１０）のように示される。
Here, T mt indicates the melting point [K] of the trolley wire. Equation (9) can be obtained by substituting the melting point T mt of the trolley wire into the temperature θ of equation (6), solving a quadratic equation for the dimensionless potential φ / V c , and selecting the larger solution.
Further, the electric potential β 2 corresponding to the melting point of the contact plate is expressed by the equation (10).
ここで、Ｔｍｓは、すり板の融点［Ｋ］を示す。式（６）の温度θにすり板の融点Ｔｍｓを代入して無次元化電位φ／Ｖｃについて二次方程式を解き、小さい方の解を選択することで式（１０）を得られる。
また、２つの金属の接触面から溶融部分の最深部までの電気抵抗Ｒｍは式（１１）のように示される。
Here, T ms represents the melting point [K] of the contact plate. Equation (10) is obtained by substituting the melting point T ms of the contact plate into the temperature θ of equation (6), solving a quadratic equation for the dimensionless potential φ / V c , and selecting the smaller solution.
Further, the electric resistance R m from the contact surface of the two metals to the deepest part of the molten portion is represented by the equation (11).
上記と同様、接点半径をａで示している。また、ρは電気抵抗率を示す。ｙは、２つの金属の接触面から溶融部分の最深部までの距離を示す。以下では、接触面から溶融部分の最深部までの距離を「溶融深さ」と称する。
トロリ線とすり板との接触境界と、トロリ線の溶融部分の最深部との間の電圧はβ１−αで示されるので、式（１１）よりトロリ線の溶融深さｙ１は式（１２）のように示される。
Similar to the above, the contact radius is indicated by a. Further, ρ represents the electrical resistivity. y represents the distance from the contact surface of two metals to the deepest part of the molten portion. Hereinafter, the distance from the contact surface to the deepest part of the melted portion is referred to as “melting depth”.
Since the voltage between the contact boundary between the trolley wire and the contact plate and the deepest part of the melted portion of the trolley wire is represented by β 1 −α, the melting depth y 1 of the trolley wire is calculated from equation (11). 12).
式（１２）を変形して式（１３）を得られる。 The formula (12) is modified to obtain the formula (13).
ここで、Ｃ１は、トロリ線の電気抵抗の温度上昇による増加率を示す定数である。
また、トロリ線とすり板との接触境界と、すり板の溶融部分の最深部との間の電圧はα−β２で示されるので、式（１１）よりすり板の溶融深さｙ２は式（１４）のように示される。
Here, C 1 is a constant indicating the rate of increase in the electrical resistance of the trolley wire due to temperature rise.
Further, since the voltage between the contact boundary between the trolley wire and the contact strip and the deepest part of the melted portion of the contact strip is represented by α-β 2 , the melting depth y 2 of the contact strip can be calculated from equation (11). It is shown as in Expression (14).
式（１４）を変形して式（１５）を得られる。 Equation (15) is obtained by modifying equation (14).
ここで、Ｃ２は、すり板の電気抵抗の温度上昇による増加率を示す定数である。
図７は、トロリ線及びすり板における位置と温度との関係の例を示すグラフである。特に、図７は、硬銅トロリ線と鉄系焼結合金すり板との組合せ特有のカーブにおける位置と温度との関係の例を示している。図７では、図１に示すモデルの中心軸上の位置［μｍ］を横軸にとり、温度［Ｋ］を縦軸にとって、位置と温度との関係をプロットしている。横軸は、トロリ線とすり板との接触境界の位置を０とし、トロリ側の位置を正、すり板側の位置を負として示している。
図７に示すように、トロリ線及びすり板における温度は、中心付近で高く、末端側で低くなっている。トロリ線のうち、トロリ線の融点Ｔｍｔ以上の温度の部分が溶融部分となる。トロリ線とすり板との接触境界と、トロリ線の溶融部分の最深部との距離が、トロリ線の溶融深さｙ１として示されている。
また、すり板のうち、すり板の融点Ｔｍｓ以上の温度の部分が溶融部分となる。トロリ線とすり板との接触境界と、すり板の溶融部分の最深部との距離が、すり板の溶融深さｙ２として示されている。
Here, C 2 is a constant indicating the rate of increase of the electrical resistance of the contact plate due to the temperature rise.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the position on the trolley wire and the sliding plate and the temperature. In particular, FIG. 7 shows an example of the relationship between the position and temperature in the curve peculiar to the combination of the hard copper trolley wire and the ferrous sintered alloy contact plate. In FIG. 7, the position [μm] on the central axis of the model shown in FIG. 1 is plotted on the horizontal axis and the temperature [K] is plotted on the vertical axis, and the relationship between the position and the temperature is plotted. The horizontal axis indicates that the position of the contact boundary between the trolley wire and the contact plate is 0, the position on the trolley side is positive, and the position on the contact plate side is negative.
As shown in FIG. 7, the temperature of the contact wire and the contact plate is high near the center and low at the end side. Of the trolley wire, a portion having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point T mt of the trolley wire is a melting portion. The distance between the contact boundary between the trolley wire and the contact plate and the deepest part of the molten portion of the trolley wire is shown as the melting depth y 1 of the trolley wire.
In addition, a portion of the contact plate having a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point T ms of the contact plate is a molten portion. The distance between the contact boundary between the trolley wire and the contact plate and the deepest part of the molten portion of the contact plate is shown as the melting depth y 2 of the contact plate.
図８は、トロリ線及びすり板における位置と電位との関係の例を示すグラフである。特に、図８は、硬銅トロリ線と鉄系焼結合金すり板との組合せ特有のカーブにおける位置と電位との関係の例を示している。図８では、図１に示すモデルの中心軸上の位置［μｍ（マイクロメートル）］を横軸にとり、電位［Ｖ］を縦軸にとって、位置と電位との関係をプロットしている。横軸は、トロリ線とすり板との接触境界の位置を０とし、トロリ側の位置を正、すり板側の位置を負として示している。
トロリ線、すり板各々における電位と温度との関係は、上記の式（６）によって対応付けられる。トロリ線のうち、トロリ線の融点Ｔｍｔに対応する電位以上の電位の部分が溶融部分となる。トロリ線とすり板との接触境界と、トロリ線の溶融部分の最深部との距離が、トロリ線の溶融深さｙ１として示されている。
また、すり板のうち、すり板の融点Ｔｍｓに対応する電位以上の電位の部分が溶融部分となる。トロリ線とすり板との接触境界と、すり板の溶融部分の最深部との距離が、すり板の溶融深さｙ２として示されている。
FIG. 8 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the potential on the contact wire and the contact plate and the potential. In particular, FIG. 8 shows an example of the relationship between the position and the potential in the curve peculiar to the combination of the hard copper trolley wire and the ferrous sintered alloy contact plate. In FIG. 8, the position [μm (micrometer)] on the central axis of the model shown in FIG. 1 is plotted on the horizontal axis, and the potential [V] is plotted on the vertical axis, and the relationship between the position and the potential is plotted. The horizontal axis indicates that the position of the contact boundary between the trolley wire and the contact plate is 0, the position on the trolley side is positive, and the position on the contact plate side is negative.
The relationship between the electric potential and the temperature of each of the contact wire and the contact plate is associated with the above equation (6). Of the trolley wire, the portion having a potential equal to or higher than the potential corresponding to the melting point T mt of the trolley wire is the melting portion. The distance between the contact boundary between the trolley wire and the contact plate and the deepest part of the molten portion of the trolley wire is shown as the melting depth y 1 of the trolley wire.
Further, of the contact plate, a portion having a potential equal to or higher than the potential corresponding to the melting point T ms of the contact plate is a melting portion. The distance between the contact boundary between the trolley wire and the contact plate and the deepest part of the molten portion of the contact plate is shown as the melting depth y 2 of the contact plate.
また、トロリ線の表面（すり板との接触面）における溶融部分の半径を、トロリ線の溶融半径と称し、ｒ１で表す。すり板の表面（トロリ線との接触面）における溶融部分の半径を、すり板の溶融半径と称し、ｒ２で表す。
これらの溶融半径は、接点半径ａとは異なる。図４を参照して説明したように、トロリ線内部の等温面が回転楕円体で近似されることから、トロリ線の溶融半径ｒ１は、式（１６）のように示される。
The radius of the molten portion on the surface of the trolley wire (contact surface with the contact plate) is referred to as the melting radius of the trolley wire, and is represented by r 1 . The radius of the molten portion on the surface of the contact plate (contact surface with the contact wire) is referred to as the melt radius of the contact plate and is represented by r 2 .
These melting radii are different from the contact radius a. As described with reference to FIG. 4, since the isothermal surface inside the trolley wire is approximated by a spheroid, the melting radius r 1 of the trolley wire is represented by Expression (16).
また、すり板の溶融半径ｒ２は、式（１７）のように示される。 Further, the melting radius r 2 of the contact plate is expressed by the equation (17).
トロリ線の溶融半径ｒ１及び溶融深さｙ１を用いて、トロリ線の溶融部分の体積Ｖ１は、式（１８）のように示される。以下では、溶融部分の体積を「溶融体積」と称する。 Using the melting radius r 1 and the melting depth y 1 of the trolley wire, the volume V 1 of the melting portion of the trolley wire is represented by the equation (18). Below, the volume of a fusion | melting part is called a "fusion volume."
すり板の溶融半径ｒ２及び溶融深さｙ２を用いて、すり板の溶融体積Ｖ２は、式（１９）のように示される。 Using the melting radius r 2 and the melting depth y 2 of the contact plate, the melt volume V 2 of the contact plate is expressed as in equation (19).
本実施形態では、上記に基づいて溶融深さ及び溶融体積のうちいずれか一方、あるいは両方を算出する。溶融深さ及び溶融体積のいずれも、金属部品が溶融する度合いを定量的に示す値の例に該当する。
図９は、本実施形態に係る処理手順の例を示すフローチャートである。図９のステップＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０３は、溶融深さを算出する処理手順の例に該当する。また、ステップＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０４は、溶融体積を算出する処理手順の例に該当する。
ここでは作業者が手動で図９の処理を行う場合を例に説明するが、後述するように、コンピュータ等の装置が自動的に、あるいは半自動的に図９の処理を行うようにしてもよい。
In the present embodiment, either one or both of the melting depth and the melting volume is calculated based on the above. Both the melting depth and the melting volume correspond to examples of values that quantitatively indicate the degree to which the metal component melts.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of the processing procedure according to the present embodiment. Steps S101 to S103 of FIG. 9 correspond to an example of a processing procedure for calculating the melting depth. Further, steps S101 to S104 correspond to an example of a processing procedure for calculating the melting volume.
Here, the case where the worker manually performs the process of FIG. 9 will be described as an example, but as will be described later, a device such as a computer may automatically or semi-automatically perform the process of FIG. 9. .
（ステップＳ１０１）
作業者は、上記の式（７）に基づいて接触境界係数αを算出する。
その際、作業者は、トロリ線の電気抵抗率ρ１、すり板の電気抵抗率ρ２、トロリ線上の被膜抵抗の電気抵抗率ρｆ１、及び、すり板上の被膜抵抗の電気抵抗率ρｆ２を、トロリ線及びすり板の材質に基づいて設定する。
また、作業者は、トロリ線上の被膜抵抗の厚さｄ１、及び、すり板上の被膜抵抗の厚さｄ２を、トロリ線及びすり板の使用環境に基づいて想定する。あるいは、実測、実験又はシミュレーションにてトロリ線上の被膜抵抗の厚さｄ１、及び、すり板上の被膜抵抗の厚さｄ２を求めるようにしてもよい。
また、作業者は、接点半径ａの値を、トロリ線の材質及びすり板の材質に基づいて想定する。あるいは、上記の式（８）に基づいて接点半径ａを算出するようにしてもよい。
(Step S101)
The operator calculates the contact boundary coefficient α based on the above equation (7).
At that time, the operator has an electrical resistivity ρ 1 of the trolley wire, an electrical resistivity ρ 2 of the contact plate, an electrical resistivity ρ f1 of the film resistance on the trolley wire, and an electrical resistivity ρ of the film resistance on the contact plate. f2 is set based on the materials of the contact wire and the contact plate.
Further, the worker assumes the film resistance thickness d 1 on the trolley wire and the film resistance thickness d 2 on the contact plate based on the usage environment of the trolley wire and the contact plate. Alternatively, the thickness d 1 of the film resistance on the trolley wire and the thickness d 2 of the film resistance on the contact plate may be obtained by actual measurement, experiment, or simulation.
Further, the operator assumes the value of the contact radius a based on the material of the trolley wire and the material of the contact plate. Alternatively, the contact radius a may be calculated based on the above equation (8).
（ステップＳ１０２）
作業者は、上記の式（９）及び式（１０）のうちいずれか一方又は両方に基づいて、融点に相当する電位を算出する。トロリ線の溶融深さを算出する場合、作業者は、式（９）に基づいてトロリ線の融点に相当する電位β１を算出する。すり板の溶融深さを算出する場合、作業者は、式（１０）に基づいてすり板の融点に相当する電位β２を算出する。
その際、作業者は、トロリ線の融点Ｔｍｔ、及び、すり板の融点Ｔｍｓを、トロリ線及びすり板の材質に基づいて設定する。
また、作業者は、接触電圧Ｖｃを、トロリ線及びすり板の使用環境に基づいて算出する。あるいは、実測、実験又はシミュレーションにて接触電圧Ｖｃを求めるようにしてもよい。
(Step S102)
The operator calculates the potential corresponding to the melting point based on either or both of the above formula (9) and formula (10). When calculating the melting depth of the trolley wire, the operator calculates the electric potential β 1 corresponding to the melting point of the trolley wire based on the equation (9). When calculating the melting depth of the contact plate, the operator calculates the potential β 2 corresponding to the melting point of the contact plate based on the equation (10).
At that time, the operator sets the melting point T mt of the trolley wire and the melting point T ms of the contact plate based on the materials of the trolley wire and the contact plate.
Further, the operator calculates the contact voltage V c based on the usage environment of the trolley wire and the contact strip. Alternatively, the contact voltage V c may be obtained by actual measurement, experiment, or simulation.
（ステップＳ１０３）
作業者は、上記の式（１３）及び式（１５）のうちいずれか一方又は両方に基づいて、溶融深さを算出する。トロリ線の溶融深さを算出する場合、作業者は、式（１３）に基づいてトロリ線の溶融深さｙ１を算出する。すり板の溶融深さを算出する場合、作業者は、式（１５）に基づいてすり板の溶融深さｙ２を算出する。
溶融体積を求める必要がない場合は、ステップＳ１０３の後、図９の処理を終了する。すなわち、ステップＳ１０４を実行する必要はない。
(Step S103)
The operator calculates the melting depth based on either or both of the above equations (13) and (15). When calculating the melting depth of the trolley wire, the operator calculates the melting depth y 1 of the trolley wire based on equation (13). When calculating the melting depth of the contact plate, the operator calculates the melting depth y 2 of the contact plate based on equation (15).
If it is not necessary to obtain the melt volume, the process of FIG. 9 is terminated after step S103. That is, it is not necessary to execute step S104.
（ステップＳ１０４）
作業者は、上記の式（１６）及び式（１７）のうちいずれか一方又は両方に基づいて、溶融半径を算出する。トロリ線の溶融体積を算出する場合、作業者は、式（１６）に基づいてトロリ線の溶融半径ｒ１を算出する。すり板の溶融体積を算出する場合、作業者は、式（１７）に基づいてすり板の溶融半径ｒ２を算出する。
(Step S104)
The operator calculates the melting radius based on either or both of the above formula (16) and formula (17). When calculating the melting volume of the trolley wire, the operator calculates the melting radius r 1 of the trolley wire based on equation (16). When calculating the melting volume of the contact plate, the operator calculates the melting radius r 2 of the contact plate based on equation (17).
（ステップＳ１０５）
作業者は、上記の式（１８）及び式（１９）のうちいずれか一方又は両方に基づいて、溶融体積を算出する。トロリ線の溶融体積を算出する場合、作業者は、式（１８）に基づいてトロリ線の溶融体積Ｖ１を算出する。すり板の溶融体積を算出する場合、作業者は、式（１７）に基づいてすり板の溶融体積Ｖ２を算出する。
ステップＳ１０５の後、図９の処理を終了する。
(Step S105)
The operator calculates the melt volume based on either or both of the above formula (18) and formula (19). When calculating the melting volume of the trolley wire, the operator calculates the melting volume V 1 of the trolley wire based on the equation (18). When calculating the melting volume of the contact plate, the operator calculates the melting volume V 2 of the contact plate based on equation (17).
After step S105, the process of FIG. 9 ends.
図９の処理で得られた結果に基づいて、トロリ線及びすり板のうちいずれか一方又は両方の材質及び形状を決定し製造するようにしてもよい。この場合の処理は、金属部品の製造方法における処理の例に該当する。
例えば、トロリ線の溶融深さ又は溶融体積からトロリ線の摩耗の速さを推測し、さらにトロリ線の耐用年数を推測するようにしてもよい。この耐用年数に基づいて、トロリ線の材質及び径（太さ）のうちいずれか一方又は両方を決定するようにしてもよい。また、すり板の溶融深さ又は溶融体積からすり板の摩耗の速さを推測し、さらにすり板の耐用年数を推測するようにしてもよい。この耐用年数に基づいて、すり板の材質及び厚さのうちいずれか一方又は両方を決定するようにしてもよい。
Based on the result obtained by the process of FIG. 9, either one or both of the trolley wire and the contact plate may be made of material and shape to be manufactured. The process in this case corresponds to an example of the process in the method for manufacturing a metal component.
For example, the wear rate of the trolley wire may be estimated from the melting depth or the melting volume of the trolley wire, and the service life of the trolley wire may be further estimated. Either or both of the material and the diameter (thickness) of the trolley wire may be determined based on this service life. Alternatively, the wear rate of the contact plate may be estimated from the melting depth or the melting volume of the contact plate, and the service life of the contact plate may be estimated. Either or both of the material and the thickness of the contact plate may be determined based on this service life.
上述したように、コンピュータ等の装置が自動的に、あるいは半自動的に図９の処理を行うようにしてもよい。
図１０は、本実施形態に係る溶融深さ算出装置の機能構成例を示す概略ブロック図である。図１０に示す溶融深さ算出装置２００は、通信部２１０と、表示部２２０と、操作入力部２３０と、記憶部２８０と、制御部２９０とを備える。制御部２９０は、接触箇所電位算出部２９１と、融点相当電位算出部２９２と、溶融深さ算出部２９３とを備える。
As described above, a device such as a computer may automatically or semi-automatically perform the processing of FIG.
FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the melting depth calculation device according to the present embodiment. The melting depth calculation device 200 shown in FIG. 10 includes a communication unit 210, a display unit 220, an operation input unit 230, a storage unit 280, and a control unit 290. The control unit 290 includes a contact point potential calculation unit 291, a melting point equivalent potential calculation unit 292, and a melting depth calculation unit 293.
溶融深さ算出装置２００は、トロリ線及びすり板など２つの金属部品が接触して通電されている場合の、いずれか一方又は両方の金属部品の溶融深さを算出する。
溶融深さ算出装置２００は、例えばパソコン（personal Computer；ＰＣ）又はワークステーション（Workstation）など汎用のコンピュータがプログラムを実行することで構成される。あるいは、溶融深さ算出装置２００が専用のハードウェアを用いて構成されていてもよい。
The melting depth calculation device 200 calculates the melting depth of one or both metal parts when two metal parts such as a trolley wire and a contact plate are in contact with each other and are energized.
The melting depth calculation device 200 is configured by a general-purpose computer such as a personal computer (PC) or a workstation that executes a program. Alternatively, the melting depth calculation device 200 may be configured using dedicated hardware.
通信部２１０は、他の装置と通信を行う。
表示部２２０は、例えば液晶パネル又はＬＥＤ（Light Emitting Diode）パネル等の表示画面を備え、各種画像を表示する。
操作入力部２３０は、例えばキーボード及びマウス等の入力デバイスを備え、ユーザ操作を受ける。
The communication unit 210 communicates with other devices.
The display unit 220 includes a display screen such as a liquid crystal panel or an LED (Light Emitting Diode) panel, and displays various images.
The operation input unit 230 includes an input device such as a keyboard and a mouse, and receives a user operation.
記憶部２８０は、各種データを記憶する。記憶部２８０は、溶融深さ算出装置２００が備える記憶デバイスを用いて構成される。
制御部２９０は、溶融深さ算出装置２００の各部を制御して各種処理を実行する。制御部２９０は、例えば溶融深さ算出装置２００が備えるＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit、中央処理装置）が、記憶部２８０からプログラムを読み出して実行することで構成される。
The storage unit 280 stores various data. The storage unit 280 is configured using a storage device included in the melting depth calculation device 200.
The control unit 290 controls each unit of the melting depth calculation device 200 to execute various processes. The control unit 290 is configured, for example, by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) included in the melting depth calculation device 200 reading a program from the storage unit 280 and executing the program.
接触箇所電位算出部２９１は、第一金属部品と第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位を算出する。具体的には、接触箇所電位算出部２９１は、図９のステップＳ１０１の処理を実行する。上述したように、トロリ線とすり板との組み合わせは第一金属部品と第二金属部品との組み合わせの例に該当する。
接触箇所電位算出部２９１が行う計算に必要な変数値の取得方法は、特定の方法に限定されない。例えば、計算に必要な変数値を、ユーザが入力するようにしてもよいし、接触箇所電位算出部２９１がデータベースから読み出すようにしてもよいし、接触箇所電位算出部２９１がシミュレーション等で算出するようにしてもよい。
The contact point potential calculation unit 291 calculates the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component. Specifically, the contact point potential calculation unit 291 executes the process of step S101 of FIG. As described above, the combination of the trolley wire and the contact plate corresponds to an example of the combination of the first metal component and the second metal component.
The method of acquiring the variable value necessary for the calculation performed by the contact point potential calculation unit 291 is not limited to a particular method. For example, the variable value necessary for the calculation may be input by the user, may be read by the contact point potential calculation unit 291 from the database, or may be calculated by the contact point potential calculation unit 291 by simulation or the like. You may do it.
融点相当電位算出部２９２は、第二金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出する。具体的には、融点相当電位算出部２９２は、図９のステップＳ１０２の処理を実行する。
さらに、融点相当電位算出部２９２が、第一金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するようにしてもよい。すなわち、融点相当電位算出部２９２が、第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位に加えて、第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位も算出するようにしてもよい。
接触箇所電位算出部２９１の場合と同様、融点相当電位算出部２９２が行う計算に必要な変数値の取得方法は、特定の方法に限定されない。
The melting point equivalent potential calculation unit 292 calculates the potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal component based on the information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature in the second metal component. Specifically, the melting point equivalent potential calculation unit 292 executes the process of step S102 of FIG.
Further, the melting point equivalent potential calculation unit 292 may calculate the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component based on the information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature in the first metal component. That is, the melting point equivalent potential calculation unit 292 may calculate the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component in addition to the potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal component.
Similar to the case of the contact point potential calculation unit 291, the method of acquiring the variable value necessary for the calculation performed by the melting point equivalent potential calculation unit 292 is not limited to a particular method.
溶融深さ算出部２９３は、第一金属部品と第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出する。具体的には、溶融深さ算出部２９３は、図９のステップＳ１０３の処理を実行する。
さらに、溶融深さ算出部２９３が、第一金属部品と第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するようにしてもよい。すなわち、溶融深さ算出部２９３が、第二金属部品の溶融深さに加えて第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するようにしてもよい。
The melting depth calculation unit 293 calculates the melting depth of the second metal component based on the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component and the potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal component. To do. Specifically, the fusion depth calculation unit 293 executes the process of step S103 of FIG.
Further, the melting depth calculation unit 293 determines the melting depth of the first metal component based on the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component and the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component. May be calculated. That is, the melting depth calculation unit 293 may calculate the melting depth of the first metal component in addition to the melting depth of the second metal component.
溶融深さ算出装置２００が、さらに溶融体積を算出する機能を備えて溶融体積算出装置として構成されていてもよい。
図１１は、本実施形態に係る溶融体積算出装置の機能構成例を示す概略ブロック図である。図１１に示す溶融体積算出装置３００は、通信部２１０と、表示部２２０と、操作入力部２３０と、記憶部２８０と、制御部３９０とを備える。制御部３９０は、接触箇所電位算出部２９１と、融点相当電位算出部２９２と、溶融深さ算出部２９３と、溶融体積算出部３９４とを備える。
The melting depth calculating device 200 may be configured as a melting volume calculating device further having a function of calculating the melting volume.
FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the melting volume calculation device according to the present embodiment. The melting volume calculation device 300 shown in FIG. 11 includes a communication unit 210, a display unit 220, an operation input unit 230, a storage unit 280, and a control unit 390. The control unit 390 includes a contact point potential calculation unit 291, a melting point equivalent potential calculation unit 292, a melting depth calculation unit 293, and a melting volume calculation unit 394.
図１１の各部のうち、図１０の各部に対応して同様の機能を有する部分には同一の符号（２１０、２２０、２３０、２８０、２９０、２９１、２９２、２９３）を付して説明を省略する。溶融体積算出装置３００では、制御部３９０が溶融体積算出部３９４を備えている点で、図１０の溶融深さ算出装置２００と異なる。それ以外は、溶融深さ算出装置２００と同様である。
溶融体積算出部３９４は、第二金属部品の溶融半径及び溶融体積を算出する。具体的には、溶融体積算出部３９４は、図９のステップＳ１０４及びＳ１０５の処理を実行する。
溶融体積算出部３９４が、第二金属部品の溶融半径及び溶融体積に加えて、第一金属部品の溶融半径及び溶融体積を算出するようにしてもよい。
Of the parts shown in FIG. 11, parts having the same functions as the parts shown in FIG. 10 are designated by the same reference numerals (210, 220, 230, 280, 290, 291, 292, 293) and description thereof is omitted. To do. The melting volume calculation device 300 differs from the melting depth calculation device 200 of FIG. 10 in that the control unit 390 includes a melting volume calculation unit 394. Other than that, it is the same as the melting depth calculation device 200.
The melting volume calculation unit 394 calculates the melting radius and the melting volume of the second metal component. Specifically, the fusion volume calculation unit 394 executes the processing of steps S104 and S105 of FIG.
The melting volume calculation unit 394 may calculate the melting radius and the melting volume of the first metal component in addition to the melting radius and the melting volume of the second metal component.
以上のように、本実施形態に係る溶融深さ算出方法は、第一金属部品と第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位を算出するステップと、第二金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、第一金属部品と第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、を含む。
この溶融深さ算出方法で得られる溶融深さにより、金属部品が溶融する度合いを定量的に推定することができる。金属部品が溶融する度合いを定量的に推定することで、金属部品の摩耗の速さを定量的に推定することができ、金属部品の設計又はメンテナンスの参考情報とすることができる。例えば、金属部品の設計の際に、この溶融深さ算出方法で得られた溶融深さに基づいて、形状及び大きさのうちいずれか一方又は両方を決定するようにしてもよい。また、この溶融深さ算出方法で得られた溶融深さに基づいて、金属部品のメンテナンス時期を決定するようにしてもよい。
また、集電材料のジュール熱に対する溶融深さを推定して、パンタグラフ集電容量などの最適設計に役立てることができる。
As described above, the melting depth calculation method according to the present embodiment, the step of calculating the potential at the contact portion between the first metal component and the second metal component, the relationship between the potential distribution and temperature in the second metal component Based on the information indicating, the step of calculating the potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal component, the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component, and the potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal component. Calculating the melting depth of the second metal component based on
The degree of melting of the metal component can be quantitatively estimated from the melting depth obtained by this melting depth calculation method. By quantitatively estimating the degree of melting of the metal component, the speed of wear of the metal component can be quantitatively estimated, and can be used as reference information for the design or maintenance of the metal component. For example, when designing a metal part, one or both of the shape and the size may be determined based on the melting depth obtained by this melting depth calculation method. Further, the maintenance timing of the metal component may be determined based on the fusion depth obtained by this fusion depth calculation method.
Further, it is possible to estimate the melting depth of the current collecting material with respect to Joule heat, and use it for optimum design of the pantograph current collecting capacity and the like.
本実施形態に係る溶融深さ算出方法がさらに、第一金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、第一金属部品と第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、を含んでいてもよい。
第一金属部品及び第二金属部品の両方の溶融深さを算出することで、第一金属部品、第二金属部品それぞれの摩耗の速さを定量的に推定することができ、これら金属部品の設計又はメンテナンスの参考情報とすることができる。さらには、設計時に第一金属部品の摩耗速さの推定結果に応じて第二金属部品の材料を選択するなど、第一金属部品及び第二金属部品を組み合わせた全体の設計精度の向上が期待される。
The melting depth calculation method according to the present embodiment further includes a step of calculating a potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component based on information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature in the first metal component, The step of calculating the melting depth of the first metal component based on the potential at the contact point between the metal component and the second metal component and the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component may be included. .
By calculating the melting depth of both the first metal component and the second metal component, the wear rate of each of the first metal component and the second metal component can be quantitatively estimated. It can be used as reference information for design or maintenance. Furthermore, it is expected to improve the overall design accuracy by combining the first metal component and the second metal component, such as selecting the material of the second metal component according to the estimation result of the wear speed of the first metal component at the time of design. To be done.
また、本実施形態に係る溶融体積算出方法は、上記の溶融深さ算出方法を実行するステップと、第二金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、第二金属部品内部の等温面の形状が回転楕円体である場合の第二金属部品の溶融部分の体積を算出するステップと、を含む。
溶融深さ算出方法の場合と同様、この溶融体積算出方法で得られる溶融体積により、金属部品が溶融する度合いを定量的に推定することができる。
また、集電材料のジュール熱に対する溶融体積を推定して、パンタグラフ集電容量などの最適設計に役立てることができる。
Further, the melting volume calculation method according to the present embodiment, the shape of the isothermal surface inside the second metal component rotates based on the step of executing the above-mentioned melting depth calculation method and the melting depth of the second metal component. Calculating the volume of the molten portion of the second metal part in the case of an ellipsoid.
As in the case of the melting depth calculation method, the degree of melting of the metal part can be quantitatively estimated from the melting volume obtained by this melting volume calculation method.
Further, it is possible to estimate the melting volume of the current collecting material with respect to Joule heat, and use it for optimum design of the pantograph current collecting capacity and the like.
また、本実施形態に係る溶融体積算出方法がさらに、第一金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、第一金属部品と第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、第一金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、第一金属部品内部の等温面の形状が回転楕円体である場合の第一金属部品の溶融部分の体積を算出するステップと、を含んでいてもよい。
溶融深さ算出方法の場合と同様、第一金属部品、第二金属部材それぞれが溶融する度合いを定量的に推定することができる。さらには、溶融深さ算出方法の場合と同様、設計時に第一金属部品の摩耗速さの推定結果に応じて第二金属部品の材料を選択するなど、第一金属部品及び第二金属部品を組み合わせた全体の設計精度の向上が期待される。
Further, the melting volume calculating method according to the present embodiment further includes a step of calculating a potential corresponding to a melting point of the first metal component based on information indicating a relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature in the first metal component, Calculating the melting depth of the first metal component based on the potential at the contact point between the one metal component and the second metal component and the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component; Calculating the volume of the molten portion of the first metal component when the shape of the isothermal surface inside the first metal component is a spheroid, based on the melting depth.
Similar to the case of the melting depth calculation method, it is possible to quantitatively estimate the degree of melting of each of the first metal component and the second metal member. Furthermore, as in the case of the melting depth calculation method, the material of the second metal component is selected according to the estimation result of the wear speed of the first metal component at the time of design, and the first metal component and the second metal component are selected. It is expected that the overall design accuracy of the combination will be improved.
また、本実施形態に係る金属部品の製造方法は、上記の溶融深さ算出方法で得られた第二金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、第二金属部品の材質及び形状のうち少なくともいずれか一方を決定するステップを含む。
上記のように、溶融深さに基づいて金属部品が溶融する度合いを定量的に推定することで、金属部品の摩耗の速さを定量的に推定することができ、推定される摩耗の速さに基づいて、金属部品の形状及び大きさのうちいずれか一方又は両方を決定することができる。
Further, the manufacturing method of the metal component according to the present embodiment is based on the melting depth of the second metal component obtained by the above melting depth calculation method, and at least one of the material and the shape of the second metal component. The step of determining one is included.
As described above, by quantitatively estimating the degree of melting of the metal part based on the melting depth, it is possible to quantitatively estimate the speed of wear of the metal part, and the estimated speed of wear. Based on the above, one or both of the shape and the size of the metal component can be determined.
また、本実施形態に係る金属部品の製造方法がさらに、第一金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、第一金属部品と第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、第一金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、第一金属部品の材質及び形状のうち少なくともいずれか一方を決定するステップと、を含んでいてもよい。
これにより、第一金属部品及び第二金属部品のいずれについても、推定される摩耗の速さに基づいて、形状及び大きさのうちいずれか一方又は両方を決定することができる。
Further, the method for manufacturing a metal component according to the present embodiment further includes a step of calculating a potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component based on information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature in the first metal component, Calculating the melting depth of the first metal component based on the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component and the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component; Deciding at least one of the material and the shape of the first metal component based on the melting depth of.
Thereby, for both the first metal component and the second metal component, either one or both of the shape and the size can be determined based on the estimated speed of wear.
次に、本実施形態に関する実験について説明する。
図１２は、本実施形態に関する実験に用いた装置の構成を示す図である。図１２に示す装置９００は直動型摩耗試験機であり、トロリ線試験片９０１と、すり板試験片９０２と、トロリ線試験片９０１に通電する直流電源９０３と、直流電源９０３に直列に接続されたスイッチ９０４及び電流計９０５と、トロリ線試験片９０１及びすり板試験片９０２に接続された電圧計９０６と、ロードセル９０７及び９０８とを備える。
Next, an experiment related to this embodiment will be described.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus used for an experiment relating to this embodiment. The device 900 shown in FIG. 12 is a direct-acting wear tester, and is connected in series to the trolley wire test piece 901, the contact plate test piece 902, the DC power supply 903 for energizing the trolley wire test piece 901, and the DC power supply 903. A switch 904 and an ammeter 905, a voltmeter 906 connected to the trolley wire test piece 901 and the contact strip test piece 902, and load cells 907 and 908.
図１３は、トロリ線試験片９０１及びすり板試験片９０２の特性を示す図である。
図１３に示すように、トロリ線試験片９０１は、硬銅のトロリ線である。また、すり板試験片９０２は、鉄系焼結合金のすり板である。また、図１３には、トロリ線試験片９０１及びすり板試験片９０２の融点、電気抵抗率及び熱伝導率が示されている。
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the contact wire test piece 901 and the contact strip test piece 902.
As shown in FIG. 13, the trolley wire test piece 901 is a hard copper trolley wire. The contact plate test piece 902 is an iron-based sintered alloy contact plate. In addition, FIG. 13 shows melting points, electrical resistivities and thermal conductivities of the contact wire test piece 901 and the contact strip test piece 902.
かかる構成で、スイッチ９０４を閉じて（ＯＮにして）トロリ線試験片９０１に電流を流し、すり板試験片９０２を矢印Ｂ１１の方向に動かして実験を行った。電流計９０５で通電電流を測定し、電圧計９０６で、接触電圧を測定した。ここでは、トロリ線試験片９０１とすり板試験片９０２との間の電圧が接触電圧に該当する。また、ロードセル９０７ですり板試験片９０２の押しつけ荷重を測定し、ロードセル９０８で、すり板試験片９０２の進行方向の荷重を測定した。
実験では、通電電流は２５Ａ、５０Ａ、１００Ａの３種類、初期すり板押付け荷重は７Ｎ（ニュートン）、しゅう動速度は１ｍ／ｓ（メートル毎秒）とした。アークの発生による溶融痕が消されないように、通電しゅう動試験開始後初めてアークが発生した時点で試験を停止させた。
With such a configuration, the switch 904 was closed (turned on), an electric current was passed through the trolley wire test piece 901, and the sliding plate test piece 902 was moved in the direction of arrow B11 to perform an experiment. An energization current was measured with an ammeter 905, and a contact voltage was measured with a voltmeter 906. Here, the voltage between the trolley wire test piece 901 and the contact strip test piece 902 corresponds to the contact voltage. Further, the pressing load of the contact strip test piece 902 was measured by the load cell 907, and the load in the traveling direction of the contact strip test piece 902 was measured by the load cell 908.
In the experiment, three kinds of energizing currents, 25A, 50A, and 100A, an initial contacting plate pressing load of 7 N (Newton), and a sliding speed of 1 m / s (meter / second) were used. The test was stopped when the arc was generated for the first time after the start of the energization sliding test so that the melting marks due to the arc were not erased.
図１４は、１００Ａ通電時のトロリ線試験片９０１における溶融痕の光学顕微鏡像である。トロリ線試験片９０１の溶融痕について、光学顕微鏡の３次元計測により、その半径と深さより体積を算出した。
図１５は、１００Ａ通電時のすり板試験片９０２における溶融痕の光学顕微鏡像である。すり板試験片９０２の溶融痕について、光学顕微鏡の３次元計測により、その半径と深さより体積を算出した。
FIG. 14 is an optical microscope image of a melting mark on the trolley wire test piece 901 when energized at 100 A. The volume of the melting trace of the trolley wire test piece 901 was calculated from its radius and depth by three-dimensional measurement with an optical microscope.
FIG. 15 is an optical microscopic image of a melting mark on the contact strip test piece 902 when a current of 100 A is applied. The volume of the melting mark of the ground plate test piece 902 was calculated from the radius and the depth of the melting mark by three-dimensional measurement with an optical microscope.
図１６は、実験で算出されたトロリ線試験片９０１の溶融体積を示すグラフである。図１６のグラフでは、横軸に電流［Ａ（アンペア）］をとり、縦軸に溶融体積［ｍｍ３（立法ミリメートル）］をとっている。
点Ｐ１１、Ｐ１２、Ｐ１３は、それぞれ電流値２５Ａ、５０Ａ、１００Ａでの溶融体積の実験値（実験での算出値）を示している。また、線Ｌ２１は、接触境界係数αの値が、０．５、０．６、０．７、０．８の各々の場合に、本実施形態に係る溶融体積算出方法で算出した溶融体積を示している。線Ｌ２２は、接触境界係数αの値が、０．９の場合に、本実施形態に係る溶融体積算出方法で算出した溶融体積を示している。
なお、推定値に用いる推定値に用いる接触電圧は、多くの金属の沸点に相当する０．８Ｖを設定した。
FIG. 16 is a graph showing the melt volume of the trolley wire test piece 901 calculated in the experiment. In the graph of FIG. 16, the horizontal axis represents current [A (ampere)] and the vertical axis represents melting volume [mm 3 (cubic millimeter)].
Points P11, P12, and P13 indicate experimental values (calculated values in the experiment) of the melting volume at the current values 25A, 50A, and 100A, respectively. Further, the line L21 indicates the melting volume calculated by the melting volume calculation method according to the present embodiment when the value of the contact boundary coefficient α is 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8. Shows. A line L22 indicates the melt volume calculated by the melt volume calculating method according to the present embodiment when the value of the contact boundary coefficient α is 0.9.
The contact voltage used for the estimated value was set to 0.8 V, which corresponds to the boiling points of many metals.
図１７は、実験で算出されたすり板試験片９０２の溶融体積を示すグラフである。図１７のグラフでは、横軸に電流［Ａ］をとり、縦軸に溶融体積［ｍｍ３］をとっている。
点Ｐ２１、Ｐ２２、Ｐ２３は、それぞれ電流値２５Ａ、５０Ａ、１００Ａでの溶融体積の実験値（実験での算出値）を示している。また、線Ｌ３１は、接触境界係数αの値が、０．５、０．６、０．７、０．８、０．９の各々の場合に、本実施形態に係る溶融体積算出方法で算出した溶融体積を示している。
FIG. 17 is a graph showing the melting volume of the contact strip test piece 902 calculated in the experiment. In the graph of FIG. 17, the horizontal axis represents current [A] and the vertical axis represents melting volume [mm 3 ].
Points P21, P22, and P23 indicate experimental values (calculated values in the experiment) of the melting volume at the current values 25A, 50A, and 100A, respectively. Further, the line L31 is calculated by the melt volume calculation method according to the present embodiment when the value of the contact boundary coefficient α is 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9. The melt volume is shown.
図１６及び図１７に示されるように、トロリ線試験片９０１、すり板試験片９０２のいずれについても、推定値と実験値とが概ね整合している。このように、本実施形態に係る溶融体積推定方法により、溶融体積を高精度に推定することができた。 As shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, both the estimated value and the experimental value of the trolley wire test piece 901 and the contact plate test piece 902 are substantially matched. As described above, the melt volume can be estimated with high accuracy by the melt volume estimating method according to the present embodiment.
なお、制御部２９０及び３９０の全部または一部の機能を実現するためのプログラムをコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体に記録して、この記録媒体に記録されたプログラムをコンピュータシステムに読み込ませ、実行することで各部の処理を行ってもよい。なお、ここでいう「コンピュータシステム」とは、ＯＳや周辺機器等のハードウェアを含むものとする。
また、「コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体」とは、フレキシブルディスク、光磁気ディスク、ＲＯＭ、ＣＤ−ＲＯＭ等の可搬媒体、コンピュータシステムに内蔵されるハードディスク等の記憶装置のことをいう。また上記プログラムは、前述した機能の一部を実現するためのものであっても良く、さらに前述した機能をコンピュータシステムにすでに記録されているプログラムとの組み合わせで実現できるものであっても良い。
It should be noted that a program for realizing all or part of the functions of the control units 290 and 390 is recorded in a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded in this recording medium is read into a computer system and executed. The processing of each unit may be performed. The “computer system” mentioned here includes an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices.
Further, the “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a portable medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, a CD-ROM, or a storage device such as a hard disk built in a computer system. Further, the above program may be one for realizing some of the functions described above, and may be one that can realize the above functions in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system.
以上、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照して詳述してきたが、具体的な構成はこの実施形態に限られるものではなく、この発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等も含まれる。 Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and includes design changes and the like within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention.
２００ 溶融深さ算出装置
２１０ 通信部
２２０ 表示部
２３０ 操作入力部
２８０ 記憶部
２９０ 制御部
２９１ 接触箇所電位算出部
２９２ 融点相当電位算出部
２９３ 溶融深さ算出部
３００ 溶融体積算出装置
３９４ 溶融体積算出部
200 Melt Depth Calculator 210 Communication Unit 220 Display 230 230 Operation Input 280 Storage 290 Control 291 Contact Point Potential Calculator 292 Melting Point Equivalent Potential Calculator 293 Melt Depth Calculator 300 Melt Volume Calculator 394 Melt Volume Calculator
Claims (10)
前記第一金属部品の電気抵抗率、及び、前記第二金属部品の電気抵抗率に基づいて、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位を算出するステップと、
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第二金属部品の融点、及び、前記第二金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、
を含む溶融深さ算出方法。 At a distance from the contact surface with the first metal component to the deepest part of the molten portion of the second metal component, of the second metal component that contacts the first metal component and conducts electricity between the first metal component. A melting depth calculation method for calculating the melting depth of the second metal component,
Based on the electrical resistivity of the first metal component, and the electrical resistivity of the second metal component, a step of calculating the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component,
A voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, a melting point of the second metal component, and in the second metal component. Based on the information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature, a step of calculating the potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal component,
A potential at a contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component, and a step of calculating a melting depth of the second metal component based on a potential corresponding to a melting point of the second metal component,
A melting depth calculation method including.
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、
を含む、請求項１に記載の溶融深さ算出方法。 A voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, a melting point of the first metal component, and the first metal component Based on the information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature, a step of calculating a potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component,
A potential at a contact portion between the first metal component and the second metal component, and a step of calculating a melting depth of the first metal component based on a potential corresponding to a melting point of the first metal component,
The melting depth calculation method according to claim 1, further comprising:
前記第二金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、前記第二金属部品内部の等温面の形状が回転楕円体である場合の前記第二金属部品の溶融部分の体積を算出するステップと、
を含む溶融体積算出方法。 Performing the melting depth calculation method according to claim 1;
Calculating the volume of the molten portion of the second metal component when the shape of the isothermal surface inside the second metal component is a spheroid, based on the melting depth of the second metal component,
A method for calculating a melt volume including:
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、
前記第一金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、前記第一金属部品内部の等温面の形状が回転楕円体である場合の前記第一金属部品の溶融部分の体積を算出するステップと、
を含む、請求項３に記載の溶融体積算出方法。 A voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, a melting point of the first metal component, and the first metal component Based on the information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature, a step of calculating a potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component,
A potential at a contact portion between the first metal component and the second metal component, and a step of calculating a melting depth of the first metal component based on a potential corresponding to a melting point of the first metal component,
Calculating the volume of the molten portion of the first metal component when the shape of the isothermal surface inside the first metal component is a spheroid, based on the melting depth of the first metal component;
The melting volume calculation method according to claim 3, comprising:
前記第二金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、前記第二金属部品の材質及び形状のうち少なくともいずれか一方を決定するステップと、
を含む、金属部品の製造方法。 Performing the melting depth calculation method according to claim 1;
Based on the melting depth of the second metal component, determining at least one of the material and shape of the second metal component,
And a method for manufacturing a metal component.
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、
前記第一金属部品の溶融深さに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の材質及び形状のうち少なくともいずれか一方を決定するステップと、
を含む、請求項５に記載の金属部品の製造方法。 A voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, a melting point of the first metal component, and the first metal component Based on the information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature, a step of calculating a potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component,
A potential at a contact portion between the first metal component and the second metal component, and a step of calculating a melting depth of the first metal component based on a potential corresponding to a melting point of the first metal component,
Based on the melting depth of the first metal component, determining at least one of the material and shape of the first metal component,
The method for manufacturing a metal component according to claim 5, comprising:
前記第一金属部品の電気抵抗率、及び、前記第二金属部品の電気抵抗率に基づいて、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位を算出する接触箇所電位算出部と、
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第二金属部品の融点、及び、前記第二金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出する融点相当電位算出部と、
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出する溶融深さ算出部と、
を備える溶融深さ算出装置。 At a distance from the contact surface with the first metal component to the deepest part of the molten portion of the second metal component, of the second metal component that contacts the first metal component and conducts electricity between the first metal component. A melting depth calculation device for calculating the melting depth of the second metal part,
A contact point potential calculation unit that calculates a potential at a contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component based on the electrical resistivity of the first metal component and the electrical resistivity of the second metal component. When,
A voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, a melting point of the second metal component, and in the second metal component. Based on information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and temperature, a melting point equivalent potential calculation unit that calculates a potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal component,
A melting depth for calculating the melting depth of the second metal component based on the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component and the potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal component. A calculator,
And a melting depth calculating device.
前記溶融深さ算出部は、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出する、
請求項７に記載の溶融深さ算出装置。 The melting point equivalent potential calculation unit is a voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, the melting point of the first metal component, And , based on the information showing the relationship between the potential distribution and temperature in the first metal component, calculate the potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component,
The melting depth calculation unit melts the first metal component based on a potential at a contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component and a potential corresponding to a melting point of the first metal component. Calculate the depth,
The melting depth calculation device according to claim 7.
第一金属部品と接触して前記第一金属部品との間で通電する第二金属部品の、前記第一金属部品との接触面から前記第二金属部品の溶融部分の最深部までの距離である前記第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出させるためのプログラムであって、
前記第一金属部品の電気抵抗率、及び、前記第二金属部品の電気抵抗率に基づいて、前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位を算出するステップと、
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第二金属部品の融点、及び、前記第二金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第二金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第二金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、
を実行させるためのプログラム。 On the computer,
At a distance from the contact surface with the first metal component to the deepest part of the molten portion of the second metal component, of the second metal component that contacts the first metal component and conducts electricity between the first metal component. A program for calculating a melting depth of the second metal part,
Based on the electrical resistivity of the first metal component, and the electrical resistivity of the second metal component, a step of calculating the potential at the contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component,
A voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, a melting point of the second metal component, and in the second metal component. Based on the information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature, a step of calculating the potential corresponding to the melting point of the second metal component,
A potential at a contact point between the first metal component and the second metal component, and a step of calculating a melting depth of the second metal component based on a potential corresponding to a melting point of the second metal component,
A program to execute.
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との間の通電の際に前記第一金属部品及び前記第二金属部品にわたって生じる電圧、前記第一金属部品の融点、及び、前記第一金属部品における電位分布と温度との関係を示す情報に基づいて、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位を算出するステップと、
前記第一金属部品と前記第二金属部品との接触箇所における電位と、前記第一金属部品の融点に相当する電位とに基づいて、前記第一金属部品の溶融深さを算出するステップと、
を実行させるための、請求項９に記載のプログラム。 On the computer,
A voltage generated across the first metal component and the second metal component during energization between the first metal component and the second metal component, a melting point of the first metal component, and the first metal component Based on the information indicating the relationship between the potential distribution and the temperature, a step of calculating a potential corresponding to the melting point of the first metal component,
A potential at a contact portion between the first metal component and the second metal component, and a step of calculating a melting depth of the first metal component based on a potential corresponding to a melting point of the first metal component,
The program according to claim 9, for executing the program.
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