JP6676874B2 - Foods with a function to reduce the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Google Patents

Foods with a function to reduce the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Download PDF

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JP6676874B2
JP6676874B2 JP2014263708A JP2014263708A JP6676874B2 JP 6676874 B2 JP6676874 B2 JP 6676874B2 JP 2014263708 A JP2014263708 A JP 2014263708A JP 2014263708 A JP2014263708 A JP 2014263708A JP 6676874 B2 JP6676874 B2 JP 6676874B2
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智 和根崎
智 和根崎
伸彦 橘
伸彦 橘
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Fuji Oil Co Ltd
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本発明は、非アルコール性脂肪肝の発症リスクを低減する機能を有する食品に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a food having a function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver.

近年、生活習慣病の有病者やその予備軍が増加しており、国民の健康や医療費の増加が社会的問題となっている。特に肥満に伴う脂肪肝は放置しておくと糖尿病、高脂血症、高血圧、および動脈硬化を原因とした脳血管障害、心臓病等の合併症・重症化による深刻な疾患に進行するおそれがある。   In recent years, the number of people suffering from lifestyle-related diseases and their reserves have increased, and an increase in public health and medical expenses has become a social problem. If fatty liver associated with obesity is left untreated, it may lead to serious diseases due to complications and seriousness such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease due to arteriosclerosis, and heart disease. is there.

脂肪肝とは肝臓に中性脂肪がたまる状態であり、肝細胞中の30%以上に脂肪滴が認められることをいう。肝臓は食事中の脂質や糖質から中性脂肪を合成する働きを持つ。この中性脂肪はタンパク質と結合した後、肝臓から血管に放出され、脂肪組織に蓄積されたり、エネルギー源として利用される。しかしながら、肝臓で合成された中性脂肪を放出する処理能力には限界があり、その能力を超えて中性脂肪が合成されたり、食事から脂質が過剰に摂取されたりすると、肝細胞内に中性脂肪がたまり、脂肪肝となる。   Fatty liver is a state in which neutral fat accumulates in the liver, and means that fat droplets are observed in 30% or more of hepatocytes. The liver has the function of synthesizing triglycerides from dietary lipids and carbohydrates. After the neutral fat binds to the protein, it is released from the liver into blood vessels, accumulated in adipose tissue, and used as an energy source. However, the capacity of the liver to release triglyceride synthesized is limited, and if triglyceride is synthesized beyond that capacity or excessive lipids are eaten from the diet, the amount of neutral fat in the liver cells increases. Sex fat accumulates and leads to fatty liver.

脂肪肝は自覚症状がほとんどないため、進行までの発見が遅れやすく、健康診断等での軽度の肝機能異常をきっかけにして、主に腹部エコーや胴体CTスキャン検査によって発見される。従来より脂肪の過剰な蓄積を原因として、肝障害が生じ、一部は慢性肝炎や肝硬変、さらには肝癌へと進展すると考えられているものの、その発症機構は未だ不明である。   Since fatty liver has almost no subjective symptoms, its discovery until progression is likely to be delayed, and it is mainly discovered by abdominal echo or torso CT scan, triggered by a slight liver function abnormality at a health checkup or the like. Although it has been conventionally thought that liver accumulation occurs due to excessive accumulation of fat and that some progress to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer, the mechanism of the onset is still unknown.

脂肪肝の中には肝臓に炎症を伴わない単純性脂肪肝(Simple Steatosis)と肝臓障害を伴う脂肪性肝疾患(Fatty Liver Disease)がある。これらは肥満や糖尿病に伴って多くみられ、脂質代謝異常や高血圧、さらに糖尿病などを主とするメタボリックシンドローム発症時の肝臓において多く確認される。肝炎ウイルス感染や自己免疫疾患、先天性代謝異常疾患および薬物性肝障害を除き、さらに継続的な飲酒歴がないにもかかわらず脂肪性肝疾患である状態を非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease、以下NAFLDと称することがある)という(非特許文献1)。NAFLD患者の約10%は脂肪肝の経過中に原因不明のストレスが加わりアルコール性肝障害に類似した所見を呈する(非特許文献2)。すなわち、肝臓小葉体の炎症、細胞壊死と肝線維化が見られ、生体組織診断(生検)により非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(Non-Alcoholic Steatosis、以下NASHと称することがある)と診断される。NASH患者は5〜10年後には5〜20%が肝硬変に進行し、肝癌に罹患する場合もある(非特許文献3)。   Fatty livers include fatty steatosis without liver inflammation (Simple Steatosis) and fatty liver disease with liver damage (Fatty Liver Disease). These are frequently observed in obesity and diabetes, and are often found in the liver at the onset of metabolic syndrome mainly due to abnormal lipid metabolism, hypertension, and diabetes. Except for hepatitis virus infection, autoimmune diseases, inborn errors of metabolism, and drug-induced liver disorders, fatty liver disease is defined as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) even though there is no continuous drinking history. -Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (hereinafter sometimes referred to as NAFLD) (Non-Patent Document 1). Approximately 10% of NAFLD patients exhibit stress similar to alcoholic liver injury due to unexplained stress during the course of fatty liver (Non-Patent Document 2). In other words, inflammation, cell necrosis and liver fibrosis of the hepatic lobule are observed, and a diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (Non-Alcoholic Steatosis, hereinafter sometimes referred to as NASH) is made by biopsy (biopsy). . After 5 to 10 years, 5 to 20% of NASH patients progress to cirrhosis, and may suffer from liver cancer (Non-Patent Document 3).

肥満の増加が危機的問題となっている欧米では、人口の20-30%が脂肪肝であり、約3%がNASHを発症していると推察されている。日本においても食の欧米化により肥満人口、生活習慣病患者の増加に伴い、脂肪肝炎患者が急激に増加することが推察される。現在、NAFLDの治療の第一選択としては食生活の改善や運動療法による減量治療が行われているが、その他まだ有効な治療法は確立されていない。   In Europe and the United States, where an increase in obesity is a critical problem, it is estimated that 20-30% of the population is fatty liver and about 3% develop NASH. It is presumed that in Japan too, the number of steatohepatitis patients will increase sharply with the increase in the obese population and lifestyle-related diseases due to the westernization of food. At present, the first choice of treatment for NAFLD is diet improvement and weight loss treatment by exercise therapy, but no other effective treatment has been established yet.

NAFLDを改善する薬剤としてインスリン抵抗性改善薬であるチアゾリジン系化合物(ピオグリタゾン、ロシグリタゾン)が報告されている(非特許文献4)。しかし、これら薬剤はPPARγ活性化による脂肪細胞への作用であり、副作用として体重増加が報告されている。また、NASHの発症には酸化ストレスの関連が報告されていることから抗酸化薬としてビタミンEやN−アセチルシステインが処方される場合もある。しかし、これら薬剤は生体内で***されやすく、十分な効果が確認されているとは言えない。さらに肝庇護薬としてウルソデオキシコール酸の投与が報告されている。しかし、間質性肺炎や過敏症状の副作用が報告されている(非特許文献5)。
このように薬剤を長期投与することによる治療法は、副作用の危険性の観点から、特に軽度のNAFLD患者では、投薬よりも、安全性の高い食品または食経験の豊富な天然物を摂取することが望ましい。
A thiazolidine compound (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone) which is an insulin sensitizer has been reported as a drug for improving NAFLD (Non-Patent Document 4). However, these drugs act on adipocytes by activating PPARγ, and weight gain has been reported as a side effect. Also, since the onset of NASH has been reported to be related to oxidative stress, vitamin E or N-acetylcysteine may be prescribed as an antioxidant in some cases. However, these drugs are easily excreted in the living body, and it cannot be said that a sufficient effect has been confirmed. Furthermore, the administration of ursodeoxycholic acid as a liver protection drug has been reported. However, side effects of interstitial pneumonia and irritable symptoms have been reported (Non-Patent Document 5).
In this way, long-term treatment with drugs should take safer foods or more natural foods than experienced medications, especially in patients with mild NAFLD, in view of the risk of side effects. Is desirable.

一方、NAFLD、NASHを予防・改善する天然物・食品としてはルテオリン(特許文献1)やイノシトール類(特許文献2)、緑茶由来のカテキン類(特許文献3、4)などが報告されている。しかし、いずれもコリン欠乏食での動物試験にて評価しており、急激な肝臓障害は生じるもののNAFLDのような緩和な脂肪性肝疾患との類似性には限界がある(非特許文献6)。よって、ヒトにみられるNAFLDの改善に有効であることを十分証明したとはいえない。   On the other hand, luteolin (Patent Document 1), inositols (Patent Document 2), and catechins derived from green tea (Patent Documents 3 and 4) are reported as natural products and foods that prevent and improve NAFLD and NASH. However, all are evaluated in animal tests on a choline-deficient diet, and although there is rapid liver damage, there is a limit to the similarity with mild fatty liver diseases such as NAFLD (Non-Patent Document 6). . Therefore, it cannot be said that it has proved to be effective in improving NAFLD seen in humans.

また、脂肪肝を予防・改善する天然物・食品として、ブルーベリー葉抽出物(非特許文献)や甘草抽出物(非特許文献7)、カテキン類(特許文献3、4)、クルクミン(特許文献5)やトマト抽出物(非特許文献8)などが報告されている。しかし、単純性脂肪肝とNAFLDとの識別はされておらず、NAFLDとしての評価としては十分な検討はなされていない。
さらに、効果が期待されても、独特の風味や刺激性から使用に制限を伴うものもある。
As natural products and foods for preventing and improving fatty liver, blueberry leaf extract (Non-Patent Document 7), licorice extract (Non-Patent Document 7), catechins (Patent Documents 3 and 4), curcumin (Patent Document 5) ) And tomato extracts (Non-Patent Document 8). However, no distinction has been made between simple fatty liver and NAFLD, and no sufficient study has been made to evaluate NAFLD.
Further, even if the effect is expected, there are some cases where use is restricted due to the unique flavor and irritation.

特公表2006−135084号公報JP-A-2006-135084 特開2006−342128号公報JP-A-2006-342128 特開2007−182405号公報JP 2007-182405 A 特開2012−31101号公報JP 2012-31101 A 特開2007−320864号公報JP 2007-320864 A

日本肝臓学会、「NASH・NAFLDの診断ガイド」、分光堂、2006年The Japanese Society of Hepatology, "Diagnostic Guide for NASH / NAFLD", Spectroscopy, 2006 西原利治、「NASH診断ガイドブック」、中外医学社、2007年Toshiharu Nishihara, “NASH Diagnosis Guidebook”, Chugai Medical Company, 2007 橋本悦子、別冊・医学の歩み、NASH、17−21、2004年Etsuko Hashimoto, Separate Volume, History of Medicine, NASH, 17-21, 2004 「Hepatology」、第39巻、p188−196、2004年"Hepatology", Vol. 39, p. 188-196, 2004 厚生省医薬***、医薬品・医療用具安全情報162、2000年Ministry of Health and Welfare Pharmaceutical Safety Bureau, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Equipment Safety Information 162, 2000 「Biochemical and biophysical research communications」、第27巻、第315号、p187−195、2004年"Biochemical and biophysical research communications", Vol. 27, No. 315, p187-195, 2004 「Hepatology」、第47巻、p1905−1915、2008年"Hepatology", Vol. 47, p 1905-1915, 2008 「PLoS ONE」、第7巻、2号、e31371、2012年"PLoS ONE", Vol. 7, No. 2, e31371, 2012 重訂本草綱目啓蒙(覆刻日本古典全集)(現代思潮新社)、緑豆の項参照Encyclopedia of Ensemble, Enshrined Japanese Classics (Contemporary Shicho Shinsha), see Mung Bean 「Journal of agricultural and food chemistry」、第56巻、p8869−8873、2008年"Journal of agricultural and food chemistry", Vol. 56, pp. 8869-8873, 2008 「Hepatology」 Kleiner DE, et al. 41:1313-21、2005年"Hepatology" Kleiner DE, et al. 41: 1313-21, 2005

本発明は安全性が高く、しかも経口摂取しやすい、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能を有する食品素材を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide a food material which is highly safe and can be easily taken orally and has a function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

本発明者は、上記課題を解決すべく誠意研究を重ねた結果、緑豆から抽出した緑豆タンパク質が非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)の発症リスクを低減する機能を有し、安全性が高く、経口摂取しやすいことを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。   The present inventor has conducted a sincere study to solve the above problems, and as a result, mung bean protein extracted from mung bean has a function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and has high safety. And found that it was easy to take orally, and completed the present invention.

すなわち、本発明は、
(1)緑豆タンパク質を含有する、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能を有する食品、
(2)緑豆タンパク質が8Sαグロブリンである、(1)記載の食品、
(3)非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能が、肝臓の中性脂肪量の低下、肝細胞での脂肪蓄積の低減またはNAFLD(非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患)スコアの改善である、(1)または(2)記載の食品、
(4)緑豆タンパク質を含有する、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減するための食品添加用組成物、
(5)緑豆タンパク質が8Sαグロブリンである、(4)記載の食品添加用組成物、
(6)非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクの低減が、肝臓の中性脂肪量の低下、肝細胞での脂肪蓄積の低減またはNAFLD(非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患)スコアの改善によるものである、(4)または(5)記載の食品添加用組成物。
(7)食品に添加することにより、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能を該食品に付与するための、緑豆タンパク質の使用方法、
(8)緑豆タンパク質が8Sαグロブリンである、(7)記載の緑豆タンパク質の使用方法、
(9)非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能が、肝臓の中性脂肪量の低下、肝細胞での脂肪蓄積の低減またはNAFLD(非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患)スコアの改善である、(7)または(8)記載の緑豆タンパク質の使用方法、
である。
That is, the present invention
(1) a food containing mung bean protein and having a function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,
(2) The food according to (1), wherein the mung bean protein is 8Sα globulin.
(3) The function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is to reduce the amount of triglyceride in the liver, reduce fat accumulation in hepatocytes, or improve the NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) score The food according to (1) or (2),
(4) a composition for food addition containing mung bean protein for reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,
(5) The food additive composition according to (4), wherein the mung bean protein is 8Sα globulin.
(6) A reduction in the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is due to a decrease in the triglyceride content of the liver, a reduction in fat accumulation in hepatocytes, or an improvement in the NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) score. The composition for food addition according to (4) or (5), which is:
(7) a method of using mung bean protein for adding a function to reduce the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to a food by adding the mung bean protein to the food;
(8) the method for using mung bean protein according to (7), wherein the mung bean protein is 8Sα globulin;
(9) The function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is to lower the triglyceride content of the liver, reduce fat accumulation in hepatocytes, or improve the NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) score A method for using the mung bean protein according to (7) or (8),
It is.

本発明の非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能を有する食品は、食経験が豊富で安全性の高い天然物から抽出した緑豆タンパク質を有効成分とし、これを摂取することによりNAFLDの発症リスクを低減することができる。さらに、風味が良いことから経口摂取しやすいものである。   The food having a function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease according to the present invention has mung bean protein extracted from a highly safe and natural product with abundant food experience as an active ingredient. Can reduce the risk of onset. Furthermore, it is easy to take orally due to its good flavor.

NAFLDを誘発していない正常マウスの肝臓、ヘマトキシリンエオシン染色した組織切片を拡大した光学顕微鏡写真の観察結果を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a view showing the results of observation of a liver slice of a normal mouse in which NAFLD has not been induced and a tissue section stained with hematoxylin eosin, in an enlarged optical microscope photograph. 遺伝性肥満ob/obマウスの肝臓、ヘマトキシリンエオシン染色した組織切片を拡大した光学顕微鏡写真の観察結果を示す図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows the observation result of the liver of a hereditary obesity ob / ob mouse, and the optical micrograph which expanded the hematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue section. 遺伝性肥満ob/obマウスに90日間緑豆タンパク質を摂取させた後の肝臓、ヘマトキシリンエオシン染色した組織切片を拡大した光学顕微鏡写真の観察結果を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a view showing the results of observation of a liver and hematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue section of an enlarged microscopic photograph after ingestion of mung bean protein into a genetically obese ob / ob mouse for 90 days. 遺伝性肥満ob/obマウスに90日間、対照サンプル、および緑豆タンパク質を摂取させた後の肝臓中の中性脂肪を比較した結果を示す図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of comparing the neutral fat in the liver after ingesting a control sample and mung bean protein to hereditary obese ob / ob mice for 90 days. 遺伝性肥満ob/obマウスに90日間、対照サンプル、および緑豆タンパク質を摂取させた後の肝臓組織切片でのNAFLDスコアを比較した結果を示す図である。FIG. 4 shows the results of comparing NAFLD scores in liver tissue sections after ingesting obese ob / ob mice with a control sample and mung bean protein for 90 days.

(緑豆タンパク質)
緑豆(学名:Vigna radiate)は東アジアから南アジア、アフリカ、南アメリカ、オーストラリアで栽培されているマメ科植物であり、豆のまま、もしくは春雨の原料として利用されている。日本でも、もやしの原料として使用されており食経験の長い植物のひとつである。緑豆はタンパク質を約25%含有していることからタンパク質源として有益な植物である。
緑豆は、漢方薬のひとつとして、解熱、解毒、消炎作用があるとされている(非特許文献9)。また緑豆の皮や芽の抽出物については血糖値の改善作用が報告されている(非特許文献10)。しかし、これらは肝疾患やNAFLDについては検討されておらず、さらにポリフェフェノールが有効成分であり、緑豆由来のタンパク質については何ら言及されていないことから、NAFLDの予防・治療効果を関連付けることはできない。
(Mung bean protein)
Mung bean (scientific name: Vigna radiate) is a legume plant cultivated in East Asia, South Asia, Africa, South America and Australia, and is used as a bean or as a raw material for vermicelli. In Japan, it is used as a raw material for sprouts and is one of the plants with a long eating experience. Mung bean is a useful plant as a protein source because it contains about 25% protein.
Mung bean is said to have antipyretic, detoxifying and anti-inflammatory effects as one of the Chinese medicines (Non-Patent Document 9). In addition, extracts of mung bean skin and buds have been reported to improve blood sugar levels (Non-Patent Document 10). However, these have not been studied for liver disease or NAFLD, and furthermore, polyfephenol is the active ingredient, and there is no mention of mung bean-derived protein, so no preventive or therapeutic effect of NAFLD can be linked. .

本発明の非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能を有する食品は、緑豆から抽出される緑豆タンパク質を含有する。
緑豆タンパク質の中でも、主に種子組織の液胞中に蓄積された貯蔵タンパク質が好ましい。中でも、これら緑豆貯蔵タンパク質の主成分である8Sαグロブリンは、本効果を強く示すものであり、対象として最も好ましい。
タンパク質の抽出方法や素材中における含量は、特に限定されるものではない。様々なものと配合して使用することを考慮すると、素材としての摂取量は少ない方が好ましいため、緑豆よりタンパク質を高純度で抽出することが好ましく、得られたタンパク質中に8Sαグロブリンが高純度で存在することが、より好ましい。
The food of the present invention having a function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease contains mung bean protein extracted from mung bean.
Among the mung bean proteins, storage proteins mainly accumulated in vacuoles of seed tissue are preferred. Among them, 8Sα globulin, which is the main component of these mung bean storage proteins, exhibits the present effect strongly and is the most preferable as a target.
The method for extracting the protein and the content in the material are not particularly limited. Considering that it is used in combination with various ingredients, it is preferable that the intake as a raw material is small, so it is preferable to extract the protein with high purity from mung bean, and that 8Sα globulin has high purity in the obtained protein. Is more preferably present.

緑豆タンパク質、特に8Sαグロブリンを高純度に含有するタンパク質を抽出するに当たり、水洗等の洗った緑豆をそのまま使用してもよいが、あらかじめ脱皮をすることで、色調、風味ともに良好なタンパク質素材が得られるため、脱皮緑豆の使用がより好ましい。   When extracting mung bean protein, especially proteins containing 8Sα globulin with high purity, washed mung bean such as washed with water may be used as it is, but by moulting in advance, a protein material with good color tone and flavor can be obtained. Therefore, the use of dehulled mung beans is more preferable.

緑豆タンパク質、特に8Sαグロブリンを高純度に含有するタンパク質を抽出する条件としては、原料である緑豆に対して水を3〜10倍量投入し、20〜60℃、pH6〜9の条件で2〜18時間、静置あるいは撹拌処理を行い、原料を磨砕しながら皮や繊維分を除去し、さらに沈殿するデンプンを除くことでタンパク質溶液を得る手法を例示することができる。   As conditions for extracting mung bean protein, particularly a protein containing 8Sα globulin with high purity, water was added 3 to 10 times the amount of mung bean as a raw material, and 20 to 60 ° C. and pH 6 to 9 were used as conditions. A method of obtaining a protein solution by carrying out standing or stirring treatment for 18 hours, removing skin and fiber while grinding the raw material, and removing starch that precipitates further can be exemplified.

この溶液をそのまま殺菌・乾燥してもよいが、好ましくは、この溶液のpHを4〜5に調整して、タンパク質を等電点沈殿させ、この沈殿物を回収して、必要に応じてpHを調製し、殺菌することで、さらに高純度の8Sαグロブリンを含有する緑豆タンパク質を抽出することができる。   This solution may be sterilized and dried as it is, but preferably, the pH of the solution is adjusted to 4 to 5 to precipitate the protein at the isoelectric point, and the precipitate is collected, and if necessary, the pH is adjusted. Is prepared and sterilized, so that mung bean protein containing higher purity 8Sα globulin can be extracted.

本発明の緑豆タンパク質を含有する、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能を有する食品は、上記した8Sαグロブリンが有効量含有していればよく、その含有量は、後述した摂取量を考慮して予防・治療に応じて適宜設定することができる。   The food containing the mung bean protein of the present invention and having a function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may contain the above-mentioned 8Sα globulin in an effective amount. It can be appropriately set according to the prevention and treatment in consideration of the amount.

(緑豆タンパク質を含有する、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能を有する食品)
本発明の緑豆タンパク質を含有する、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能を有する食品はそのまま用いてもかまないが、食品に使用する各種成分と混合し、例えば固形食品、クリーム状ないしはジャム状の半流動食品、ゲル状食品、飲料等の形態に調製することもできる。かかる食品は、食品の種類に応じて一般に用いられる食品原料を添加し、常法に従って製造することができる。
(Food containing mung bean protein that has the function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease)
Food containing the mung bean protein of the present invention, which has the function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, may be used as it is, but mixed with various components used in food, for example, solid food, cream It can also be prepared in the form of a semi-liquid food, a gel food, a beverage, etc. in the form of a jam or a jam. Such foods can be produced according to a conventional method by adding generally used food ingredients according to the type of food.

前記食品の具体例としては、例えば、清涼飲料、ジュース、キャンディー、チョコレート、グミ、タブレット、アイスクリーム、パン、和菓子、プリン等が挙げられる。
上記、緑豆タンパク質の食品への配合量は、食品の種類によっても異なるが、一般に0.1〜100重量%、特に5〜80重量%が好ましい。
Specific examples of the food include, for example, soft drinks, juices, candy, chocolate, gummy, tablets, ice cream, bread, Japanese sweets, and puddings.
Although the amount of the mung bean protein to be mixed with food varies depending on the type of food, it is generally preferably 0.1 to 100% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 80% by weight.

(緑豆タンパク質を含有する、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減するための食品添加用組成物)
本発明の食品添加用組成物は、食品の製造時に原料として特定の機能を付与する目的で添加されるものであり、食品素材あるいは食品原料などと称しても良い。また、本発明の食品添加用組成物は、法律上規定されている物質に限定されるものではない。
当業者は本発明の食品添加用組成物を、肝臓の中性脂肪量を低下する機能、肝細胞での脂肪蓄積を低減する機能またはNAFLD(非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患)スコアを改善する機能を付与する目的で種々の調理食品や加工食品の製造時に添加することにより、肝臓の中性脂肪量を低下する機能、肝細胞での脂肪蓄積を低減する機能またはNAFLD(非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患)スコアを改善する機能を付与することができる。
食品添加物の形態は粉末、顆粒、シロップ、液状等に調製して使用してもよい。この食品添加用組成物を添加する食品は、特に制限はなく、種々の調理食品や加工食品が挙げられる。また、添加量は前記した食品の配合量と同程度であればよい。添加時期は特に限定されず、調理の前、途中、後のいずれの段階でもよい。
(Food-containing composition for reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease containing mung bean protein)
The composition for food addition of the present invention is added for the purpose of imparting a specific function as a raw material during the production of food, and may be referred to as a food material or a food raw material. Further, the composition for food addition of the present invention is not limited to substances specified by law.
A person skilled in the art may use the food additive composition of the present invention to reduce the triglyceride content of the liver, reduce fat accumulation in hepatocytes, or improve the NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) score. It is added at the time of production of various cooked foods and processed foods for the purpose of imparting nutrients, so that the function of lowering the triglyceride content of the liver, the function of reducing fat accumulation in hepatocytes, or NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver) (Disease) A function of improving the score can be provided.
The form of the food additive may be prepared and used as a powder, granules, syrup, liquid or the like. The food to which the composition for food addition is added is not particularly limited, and includes various cooked foods and processed foods. Also, the amount of addition may be about the same as the amount of the above-mentioned food. The timing of addition is not particularly limited, and may be before, during, or after cooking.

医薬製剤として用いる場合は、上記組成物に製薬上許容される担体を加えて、固体、半固体、または液体の形態に調剤する。具体的な形態としては、例えば、散剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、丸剤、錠剤等の固形製剤、懸濁剤、乳剤等の液剤等が挙げられる。これら医薬製剤への配合量は、一般に0.1〜100重量%、特に5〜80重量%が好ましい。また、投与量は、1日当たり1〜10gを、2〜数回に分けて、適宜投与するのが好ましい。   When used as a pharmaceutical preparation, the composition is formulated into a solid, semisolid, or liquid form by adding a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Specific forms include, for example, solid preparations such as powders, granules, capsules, pills and tablets, and liquid preparations such as suspensions and emulsions. The compounding amount in these pharmaceutical preparations is generally 0.1 to 100% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 80% by weight. The dose is preferably 1 to 10 g per day, divided into two to several times, and appropriately administered.

動物飼料として用いる場合は、上記組成物を動物飼料に用いる各種成分と混合して調製する。動物飼料の具体例としては、例えば、家畜用飼料、ドックフード、キャットフード等のペットフードが挙げられる。緑豆タンパク質の動物飼料への配合量は、動物種によっても異なるが、一般に0.1〜100重量%、特に5〜80重量%が好ましい。   When used as animal feed, the above composition is prepared by mixing with the various components used in animal feed. Specific examples of animal feed include pet feed such as livestock feed, dock food, and cat food. The amount of mung bean protein in the animal feed varies depending on the animal species, but is generally 0.1 to 100% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 80% by weight.

以下、実施例をあげて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例にのみに限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.

<製造例1>
あらかじめ脱皮した緑豆を粉砕機にて粉状に粉砕した。粉砕脱皮緑豆粉に対して10倍量の50℃の温水を加え、随時pHを7.0に調整しながら1時間撹拌した。遠心分離(3,000r.p.m., 室温にて10分間)し、得られた上澄液をpH5.0に調整して、再度遠心分離(3,000 r.p.m., 室温にて10分間)して得られた沈殿物を回収、加水後、pH7.0に中和して殺菌し、噴霧乾燥したものを緑豆タンパク質とした。このようにして得られた緑豆タンパク質をSDS-PAGEゲル電気泳動に供し、その後タンパク質をクマシーブリリアント染色し、全染色域の合計に対して、8Sαグロブリン由来のタンパク質として分子量48 kDaをメインに、72,60,26 kDaのタンパク質のバンドの染色度から純度を測定した。このようにして得られた緑豆タンパク質中の8Sαグロブリン純度は85%であり、良好な素材が得られた。
<Production Example 1>
The mung bean that had been peeled off in advance was pulverized with a pulverizer into powder. A 10-fold amount of warm water at 50 ° C. was added to the ground dehulled mung bean flour, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour while adjusting the pH to 7.0 as needed. After centrifugation (3,000 rpm, room temperature for 10 minutes), the obtained supernatant was adjusted to pH 5.0, and centrifuged again (3,000 rpm, room temperature for 10 minutes). The resulting precipitate was collected, watered, neutralized to pH 7.0, sterilized, and spray-dried to obtain mung bean protein. The thus obtained mung bean protein was subjected to SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, and thereafter the protein was stained with Coomassie brilliant. Based on the total of all stained areas, a protein derived from 8Sα globulin and having a molecular weight of 48 kDa was mainly used. , 60, 26 kDa The purity was determined from the degree of staining of the protein band. The purity of 8Sα globulin in the mung bean protein thus obtained was 85%, and a good material was obtained.

<試験例>
遺伝的肥満誘導性II型糖尿病モデルマウスによるNAFLD改善作用の検討を行った。飼料組成としてAIN-93G組成に基づき、その試験飼料として上記製造例1にて得られた緑豆タンパク質と、比較対照として乳タンパク質であるカゼイン(ビタミンフリーカゼイン、オリエンタル酵母(株)製)をそれぞれ食餌タンパク質として20重量%含んだものを用いた。具体的な配合を表1に示した。
<Test example>
The effect of improving NAFLD in genetically obesity-induced type II diabetes model mice was examined. Based on the AIN-93G composition as the feed composition, the mung bean protein obtained in Production Example 1 above was used as a test feed, and casein (vitamin-free casein, manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.), which was a milk protein, as a control, respectively. Protein containing 20% by weight was used. The specific composition is shown in Table 1.

(表1)各試験群の飼料組成
(Table 1) Feed composition of each test group

実験動物は、5週齢雄のOb/Ob マウス(B6.Cg-Lepob/J)を日本チャールズリバー(株)より購入し、1週間の予備飼育後、各試験食群の体重が揃うように1群7匹で2群に分け、試験飼料で90日間飼育した。飼育は個別ケージに1匹ずつ入れ、温度23±1℃、湿度55±5%で12時間明暗サイクル(7:00から19:00まで照明)の下で行った。飼育期間中は水および飼料を自由摂取させた。   Experimental animals were purchased from a 5-week-old male Ob / Ob mouse (B6.Cg-Lepob / J) from Charles River Japan Co., Ltd., and after one week of preliminary breeding, the weight of each test food group was adjusted. Each group was divided into 2 groups of 7 animals, and reared on a test feed for 90 days. The animals were housed individually in individual cages at a temperature of 23 ± 1 ° C. and a humidity of 55 ± 5% under a 12-hour light / dark cycle (lighting from 7:00 to 19:00). Water and feed were available ad libitum during the breeding period.

試験期間終了後、前日17:00より16時間絶食し、ネンブタール麻酔下で開腹後、と殺し、肝臓を取り出した。1)肝臓中の中性脂質量、1)肝組織学的観察、2)肝臓中の中性脂質量、3)NAFLDスコアの判定を行った。   After the test period, the rats were fasted for 16 hours from 17:00 on the previous day, laparotomized under Nembutal anesthesia, sacrificed, and the liver was removed. 1) Neutral lipid content in liver, 1) Liver histological observation, 2) Neutral lipid content in liver, 3) NAFLD score was determined.

1)肝組織学的観察
取り出した肝臓をホルマリンにて浸漬後、パラフィン切片を作製し、ヘマトキシリンエオシン染色を行い、肝臓の組織学的観察を行った。
1) Liver histological observation The taken-out liver was immersed in formalin, then a paraffin section was prepared, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed, and the liver was histologically observed.

代表的な正常マウスの肝臓組織画像を図1に示した。代表的な肥満誘導性マウスの対照群の肝臓組織画像を図2に示した。代表的な肥満誘導性マウスの試験群の肝臓組織画像を図3に示した。
図1の正常マウスでは肝臓での脂肪蓄積が認められないのに対し、図2の肥満誘導性マウスの対照群では明らかな肝臓への脂肪蓄積が認められた。一方、図3の試験群では脂肪蓄積は軽微であった。すなわち緑豆タンパク質の摂取が肝細胞での過剰な脂肪蓄積を改善する作用が確認された。
FIG. 1 shows a liver tissue image of a typical normal mouse. FIG. 2 shows a liver tissue image of a control group of representative obesity-inducing mice. FIG. 3 shows liver tissue images of a test group of representative obesity-inducing mice.
Fat accumulation in the liver was not observed in the normal mice in FIG. 1, whereas fat accumulation in the liver was clearly observed in the control group of the obesity-inducing mice in FIG. On the other hand, fat accumulation was slight in the test group of FIG. That is, it was confirmed that the ingestion of mung bean protein improves excess fat accumulation in hepatocytes.

2)肝臓中の中性脂肪量の比較
肝臓総脂質をFolch法で抽出した。肝臓片0.25 gを7.5 mLのメタノールと15 mLのクロロホルムとともにホモジナイズした後、37℃、30分間加温し、脂質を抽出した。その後、クロロホルム:メタノール混液(2 : 1, v/v)で25 mLにfill upし、濾過した。濾液に蒸留水を約20%容加え、4℃で半日間自然沈降させた。沈降後上清を除去した後、下層のクロロホルム、メタノール層はアルゴンガス使用の下、エバポレーターを用いて濃縮を行い、25mLの石油エーテルに再溶解して分析に供した。
2) Comparison of the amount of neutral fat in liver Liver total lipids were extracted by the Folch method. After 0.25 g of a liver piece was homogenized with 7.5 mL of methanol and 15 mL of chloroform, the mixture was heated at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes to extract lipids. Thereafter, the mixture was filled up to 25 mL with a mixed solution of chloroform: methanol (2: 1, v / v) and filtered. About 20% of distilled water was added to the filtrate, and the mixture was spontaneously settled at 4 ° C. for half a day. After the supernatant was removed after sedimentation, the lower chloroform and methanol layers were concentrated using an evaporator using argon gas, redissolved in 25 mL of petroleum ether, and used for analysis.

肝臓中性脂肪量はFletcherらの方法により測定した。すなわち、脂質抽出液を乾固し、クロロホルム5 mLとシリカゲル1.0 gを加え、シェーカーで5分間振とうした後、10℃、1,750×gで10分間遠心分離した。上清を1 mLとり、dry upした後、イソプロパノール:蒸留水混液(9:1, v/v)を2 mLと5%KOH溶液(in イソプロパノール:蒸留水=2:3, v/v)を0.6 mL加え、60-70℃で30分間ケン化を行った。室温に戻し、3 mMメタ過ヨウ素酸ナトリウム1 mLとアセチルアセトン溶液0.5 mLを加えて撹拌し、50℃で30分間加温発色させ、波長405 nmで吸光度を測定した。   Liver triglyceride was measured by the method of Fletcher et al. That is, the lipid extract was dried, 5 mL of chloroform and 1.0 g of silica gel were added, and the mixture was shaken with a shaker for 5 minutes, and then centrifuged at 1,750 × g at 10 ° C. for 10 minutes. Take 1 mL of supernatant, dry up, add 2 mL of isopropanol: distilled water mixture (9: 1, v / v) and 5% KOH solution (in isopropanol: distilled water = 2: 3, v / v). 0.6 mL was added, and saponification was performed at 60-70 ° C for 30 minutes. The temperature was returned to room temperature, 1 mL of 3 mM sodium metaperiodate and 0.5 mL of acetylacetone solution were added, and the mixture was stirred, heated and colored at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 405 nm.

肝臓中の中性脂肪量の比較を図4に示した。対照群にくらべ試験群では有意な肝臓中性脂肪量の低下が確認された。すなわち緑豆タンパク質の摂取が肝臓での脂肪肝の改善に有効であることが証明された。   FIG. 4 shows a comparison of the amount of neutral fat in the liver. Compared with the control group, a significant decrease in hepatic triglyceride was confirmed in the test group. That is, it was proved that ingestion of mung bean protein was effective in improving fatty liver in the liver.

3)NAFLDスコアの判定
Kleinerらの報告に基づきの肝組織中の脂肪浸潤、肝細胞の風船様変性、小葉の細胞湿潤の度合いをスコア化した(非特許文献11)。すなわち各個体の肝臓HE染色標本の全視野について、対物レンズ20倍の視野にて表2の指標にて判定を実施し、3項目の合計値をNAFLDスコアとした。さらに群間毎の平均値を算出し、NAFLDスコアの改善効果を比較した。
3) Judgment of NAFLD score
Based on the report of Kleiner et al., The degree of fat infiltration in liver tissue, balloon-like degeneration of hepatocytes, and the degree of cell wetting of lobules were scored (Non-Patent Document 11). That is, judgment was carried out for the entire field of the liver HE stained specimen of each individual in the field of view of the objective lens with a magnification of 20 times using the index of Table 2, and the total value of the three items was defined as the NAFLD score. Furthermore, the average value for each group was calculated, and the effect of improving the NAFLD score was compared.

(表2)NAFLDの判定法
(Table 2) Judgment method of NAFLD

NAFLDスコアの比較結果を図5に示した。対照群では明らかにNAFLDの発症が認められるのに対し、試験群では有意なNAFLDスコアの低下が確認された。すなわち緑豆タンパク質の摂取が肝臓でのNAFLDの改善に有効であることが証明された。   The results of comparison of the NAFLD scores are shown in FIG. The control group clearly showed the development of NAFLD, while the test group showed a significant decrease in NAFLD score. In other words, it was proved that ingestion of mung bean protein was effective in improving NAFLD in the liver.

Claims (4)

8Sαグロブリンの純度が85%以上である単離された緑豆タンパク質を含有する、非アルコール性脂肪性疾患の発症リスクを低減するための食品添加用組成物。 A food additive composition for reducing the risk of developing a non-alcoholic fatty disease, comprising an isolated mung bean protein having a purity of 8Sα globulin of 85% or more . 非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクの低減が、肝臓の中性脂肪量の低下、肝細胞での脂肪蓄積の低減またはNAFLD(非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患)スコアの改善によるものである、請求項1記載の食品添加用組成物。 Reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is due to a decrease in the triglyceride content of the liver, a reduction in fat accumulation in hepatocytes or an improvement in the NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) score, The food additive composition according to claim 1. 食品に添加することにより、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能を該食品に付与するための、8Sαグロブリンの純度が85%以上である単離された緑豆タンパク質の使用方法。 Use of an isolated mung bean protein having a purity of 8Sα globulin of 85% or more for imparting a function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to a food by adding it to the food. 非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症リスクを低減する機能が、肝臓の中性脂肪量の低下、肝細胞での脂肪蓄積の低減またはNAFLD(非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患)スコアの改善である、請求項3記載の緑豆タンパク質の使用方法。 The function of reducing the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a reduction in the amount of triglyceride in the liver, a reduction in fat accumulation in hepatocytes, or an improvement in NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) score. A method for using the mung bean protein according to claim 3.
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