JP6662424B2 - 下水処理汚泥の嫌気性消化方法及び装置 - Google Patents
下水処理汚泥の嫌気性消化方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Description
(1)メタン生成菌は、前述の連鎖系の最後に活動する菌である。メタン生成菌は、適性温度帯が限られていることに見られるように、生物学的に劣勢の菌であり、増殖速度も他の細菌に比較すると小さい。嫌気性消化槽を高温にすることで嫌気性細菌の活動が活発になり、消化速度が高められる。しかしながら、消化タンク(嫌気性消化槽)への汚泥の供給量を増加させると、嫌気性消化槽内での汚泥の滞留時間が短くなるためメタン生成菌の増殖が間に合わず、結果として期待したよりもメタンガスが生成しないことがある。例えば、消化タンクへの汚泥投入量が増えたとき、メタン生成菌の酢酸摂取量が低下すると、連鎖系における有機酸の受け渡しが滞り、系内に有機酸が残存することで有機酸生成に関わる菌の活性が低下することがある。また、有機酸生成に伴うpH低下で菌の活性が低下して、結果としてメタン濃度もメタン生成量も低下することがある。このように、温度による制御だけでは、投入汚泥量が変化し消化タンクの負荷変動があるときにメタンガスの発生量が安定しない。
(2)下水汚泥処理系におけるメタン生成菌には、主に次の2種がいる。
(i) Methanosaeta(糸状菌)
(ii) Methanosarcina(分散菌)
これらは形状(形態)が異なるだけでなく、次のような性質が報告されている。
分散菌:酢酸利用速度30kg/m3−日、 消化必要日数5日程度
したがって、分散菌を優占種として繁殖させることができれば、前記(1)のような環境変化・変動に対しても対応できるが、下水汚泥を「餌」とした処理環境では、糸状菌が多数であることが、数々の現場調査、研究によって判っている。
図2のように、原汚泥100mLと消化槽汚泥400mLとをそのまま三角フラスコ(容量:500mL)に投入した。
原汚泥を予め湯浴によって28℃に昇温させ、消化槽汚泥と合わせて三角フラスコに投入したこと以外は比較例1と同様にして行った。結果を図4、表1に示す。
原汚泥に対し予め
塩化第一鉄:0.1重量%
塩化ニッケル:0.001重量%
塩化コバルト:0.001重量%
塩化マンガン:0.0003重量%
を水溶液の形態で加えて1時間撹拌混合したこと以外は比較例1と同様にして行った。結果を図4、表1に示す。
表1の通り、原汚泥に対し金属塩を添加した実施例1は、比較例1(何の前処理もせず)及び比較例2(原汚泥を予め28℃に昇温した)と比較して、ガス総発生量が多く、メタンガス濃度も高い。
原汚泥を予め以下の前処理を行なって調整した後に、いずれも湯浴で35℃に昇温した。この35℃に昇温後の原汚泥100mLと、33℃の消化槽汚泥400mLとを三角フラスコに投入したこと以外は比較例1と同様にして実験を行った。
比較例4:25℃で24時間放置
比較例5:4℃で冷蔵保存
実施例2:4℃で冷蔵保存、三角フラスコに入れて昇温後に、該・供給汚泥に対し予め
塩化第一鉄:0.1重量%
塩化ニッケル:0.001重量%
塩化コバルト:0.001重量%
塩化マンガン:0.0003重量%
を水溶液の形態で加えて撹拌混合したのち、消化槽汚泥を加えた。
表2,3の通り、比較例5は比較例3,4よりもガス総発生量が少なく、発生ガス中のメタンガス濃度が低い。これは、嫌気プロセスが進んでいないためであり、pHやORPが高く、M−アルカリ度やVFA濃度が低い。
pH:7(−)
ORP:−100(mV)
M−アルカリ度:90(mg/L as CaCO3)
VFA:10(mg/L)
と定め、これらを逸脱したとき(pH、ORPの場合は上回ったとき、M−アルカリ度、VFA濃度の場合は下回ったとき)にFe,Ni,Co,Mnの各塩を添加すれば、メタンガス発生効果を高め、ガス発生量を多くし,かつ、メタン濃度を高くすることができる。
3 嫌気性消化槽
5 固液分離手段
Claims (1)
- 下水処理場の最初沈澱池で沈降した初沈汚泥及び/又は生物処理反応槽から引き抜かれた余剰汚泥よりなる下水処理汚泥を所定の温度,pH,ORP,及びMアルカリ度の範囲に保って嫌気性消化処理する嫌気性消化槽を有する下水処理汚泥の嫌気性消化装置において、
該嫌気性消化槽に導入される汚泥又は嫌気性消化槽に、Fe,Cu,Zn,Mg,Mn,K,Ca,Ni,Mo,Se,S,V,Cr,I及びCoの少なくとも1種よりなる添加物を添加する添加手段を備えた下水処理汚泥の嫌気性消化装置であって、
前記嫌気性消化槽に導入される汚泥又は前記嫌気性消化槽内液の温度、pH,ORP,及びMアルカリ度の少なくとも1つの水質指標値を測定する測定手段と、
該測定手段で測定した少なくとも1つの水質指標値が所定範囲を逸脱したときに前記添加手段を作動させる制御手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする下水処理汚泥の嫌気性消化装置。
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