JP6642917B2 - Damage detection system for hollow axles for railway vehicles - Google Patents

Damage detection system for hollow axles for railway vehicles Download PDF

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JP6642917B2
JP6642917B2 JP2016131005A JP2016131005A JP6642917B2 JP 6642917 B2 JP6642917 B2 JP 6642917B2 JP 2016131005 A JP2016131005 A JP 2016131005A JP 2016131005 A JP2016131005 A JP 2016131005A JP 6642917 B2 JP6642917 B2 JP 6642917B2
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pressure
partition
detection system
hollow axle
damage detection
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JP2018001950A (en
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勝太 山本
勝太 山本
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Railway Technical Research Institute
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Description

本発明は、鉄道車両用の中空車軸に生成した亀裂や軸受の過熱による溶損などの損傷を検出するためのシステムに関し、特に運行に車両を供用中にあっても損傷を検出できる鉄道車両用中空車軸の損傷検出システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a system for detecting damage such as cracks generated in a hollow axle for a railway vehicle and melting due to overheating of a bearing, and particularly for a railway vehicle capable of detecting damage even when the vehicle is in operation. The present invention relates to a damage detection system for a hollow axle.

環境負荷の低減などを目的に鉄道車両の走行装置の軽量化が進められている。例えば、鋼板を溶接して組み立てその内部を中空にして軽量化した組立台車枠が開発され、数多くの車両に用いられている。かかる組立台車枠においても、従来からの台車枠と同様に車体から台車装置を切り離した上で行う定期検査によって、磁粉探傷法などの非破壊検査で亀裂の検査が行われる。一方、中空台車枠では、その中空部に空気などの気体が圧力を与えられて又は減圧されて封入され、外部との間での気体の漏れを気圧計測装置で計測する亀裂発見方法が提案されている。かかる方法によれば、簡易に外部から中空部まで貫通するような亀裂による損傷を発見できるのである。   2. Description of the Related Art For the purpose of reducing the environmental load and the like, the weight of a traveling device of a railway vehicle has been reduced. For example, an assembling bogie frame in which a steel plate is assembled by welding and the inside thereof is hollowed to reduce the weight has been developed, and is used in many vehicles. Even in such an assembled bogie frame, cracks are inspected by a non-destructive inspection such as a magnetic particle flaw detection method by a periodic inspection performed after the bogie device is separated from the vehicle body, similarly to a conventional bogie frame. On the other hand, in the hollow bogie frame, a method for finding cracks has been proposed in which a gas such as air is sealed in the hollow part by applying pressure or reduced pressure, and gas leakage between the outside and the outside is measured by a barometer. ing. According to such a method, damage due to a crack penetrating from the outside to the hollow portion can be easily found.

例えば、特許文献１では、空気ばねと組立台車枠の内部の閉空間を接続して空気を封入し、入庫から出庫までの車庫に停車中における圧力変化によって組立台車枠の貫通亀裂を発見するシステムを開示している。鋼板を屈曲加工し溶接連結して組み立てられた組立台車枠の内部に気体を封入可能に区切られた小区画を与え、空気ばねとオリフィスを介して連結される補助空気室と連通孔で接続する。ここで連通孔の断面をオリフィスの断面よりも小とし、小区画に圧力検知装置を接続すると、車庫に停車中においては空気ばねへのエアの供給が停止し、小区画の圧力変化を検知することで組立台車枠に発生した貫通亀裂を発見し得るのである。一方、走行中に微小な亀裂が発生したとしても、亀裂から漏洩する空気と同量の空気を供給できるから走行に影響を与えないとしている。   For example, in Patent Literature 1, a system that connects an air spring and a closed space inside an assembling bogie frame to enclose air, and detects a through crack in the assembling bogie frame by a change in pressure during stopping in a garage from entry to exit. Is disclosed. A small section is provided inside the assembly bogie frame assembled by bending and welding and connecting the steel plate so that gas can be sealed therein, and connected to the auxiliary air chamber connected to the air spring and the orifice through the communication hole. . Here, when the cross section of the communication hole is smaller than the cross section of the orifice and the pressure detection device is connected to the small section, the supply of air to the air spring is stopped while the vehicle is stopped in the garage, and the pressure change in the small section is detected. As a result, a through crack generated in the frame of the assembling bogie can be found. On the other hand, even if a minute crack is generated during traveling, the same amount of air leaking from the crack can be supplied, so that the traveling is not affected.

また、特許文献２では、運行に車両を供用中にあっても貫通亀裂の発見を可能とする鉄道車両の組立台車枠の亀裂検出システムを開示している。組立台車枠の内部の閉空間にエアバルブを介して気体ポンプによって気体を封入し、気体ポンプを外してエアバルブに圧力検知装置を接続し内部の圧力をモニタリングする。組立台車枠に貫通亀裂が生じた場合にあっては、閉空間に封入した気体の漏洩による圧力低下が検出できて、運行に車両を供用中にあっても貫通亀裂を発見し得るのである。   Patent Literature 2 discloses a crack detection system for an assembling bogie frame of a railway vehicle that enables a penetration crack to be found even when the vehicle is in operation. The gas is sealed in the closed space inside the frame of the assembling trolley by a gas pump via an air valve, the gas pump is removed, and a pressure detecting device is connected to the air valve to monitor the internal pressure. When a through crack occurs in the frame of the assembling trolley, the pressure drop due to the leakage of the gas sealed in the closed space can be detected, and the through crack can be found even when the vehicle is in operation.

更に、車軸についても円筒形にその内部をくりぬいて軽量化を図った中空車軸が開発されている。かかる中空車軸においても、組立台車枠の亀裂検出システムのような運行に車両を供用中にあっても亀裂による損傷を発見できるシステムが求められる。   Further, a hollow axle has been developed in which the axle is hollowed out in a cylindrical shape to reduce the weight. Even in such a hollow axle, a system such as a crack detection system for an assembling bogie frame that can detect damage due to cracks even when the vehicle is in operation is required.

例えば、特許文献３では、中空車軸の中空部の車軸内周面に内部の圧力変化や温度を検知するセンサを設けて亀裂の損傷を検出するシステムを開示している。中空車軸の両端部には封止部材が取り付けられてこの中空部に気体が充填される。そして、一方の封止部材に発信機を取り付けて圧力検知センサと接続させ、台車装置や車両に備えられる受信機によって中空部の圧力変化をモニタリングするのである。また、軸受座の直下に温度検知センサを配置して軸受の異常過熱による溶損をも検知できるとしているが、この温度検知センサの代わりに圧力検知センサを配置してもその異常信号に基づいて溶損を検知できるとしている。   For example, Patent Literature 3 discloses a system for detecting damage to a crack by providing a sensor for detecting internal pressure change and temperature on an inner peripheral surface of an axle in a hollow portion of a hollow axle. Sealing members are attached to both ends of the hollow axle, and the hollow portion is filled with gas. Then, a transmitter is attached to one sealing member and connected to a pressure detection sensor, and a pressure change in the hollow portion is monitored by a receiver provided in the bogie device or the vehicle. In addition, although a temperature detection sensor is arranged immediately below the bearing seat to detect erosion due to abnormal overheating of the bearing, even if a pressure detection sensor is arranged in place of this temperature detection sensor, it will be based on the abnormal signal. It states that erosion can be detected.

特願２０１１−２５５７５４号公報Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-255754 特開２０１１−０４６２４３号公報JP 2011-046243 A 特開２０１０−１９５３４５号公報JP 2010-195345 A

ところで、車軸における上記したような損傷は走行中に生じることがほとんどであるから、運行に車両を供用中に損傷を発見し早期に対処できる特許文献３のようなシステムについての要望は高い。一方で、走行中の誤検知は運行に大きな支障を与えるため、これを防ぐことも必要である。そこで精度よく中空車軸に発生した損傷を検出できるシステムが求められる。   By the way, since the above-mentioned damage to the axle is almost always caused during traveling, there is a high demand for a system such as Patent Document 3 which can detect the damage while the vehicle is in operation and deal with the damage early. On the other hand, erroneous detection during traveling has a major obstacle to operation, and it is necessary to prevent this. Therefore, there is a need for a system that can accurately detect damage that has occurred in a hollow axle.

本発明は、上記したような問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、その目的とするところは、中空車軸に発生した損傷を精度よく検出できる鉄道車両用中空車軸の損傷検出システムを提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a damage detection system for a hollow axle for a railway vehicle, which can accurately detect damage generated on a hollow axle. It is in.

本発明による損傷検出システムは、鉄道車両用中空車軸の損傷検出システムであって、前記中空車軸の軸体を長手方向に貫通する貫通穴と、前記貫通穴の両端部近傍を封止する第１及び第２の隔壁と、前記隔壁の間の空間の気圧を調整する気圧調整バルブと、前記空間の気圧変化、及び温度を計測するセンサと、を含み、前記第１及び第２の隔壁は前記軸体の端部から車輪座側に進んだ内側位置に設けられ、前記第１の隔壁に前記センサが与えられているとともにこれを前記貫通穴内に封止するように外側位置に補助隔壁が与えられていることを特徴とする。   A damage detection system according to the present invention is a damage detection system for a hollow axle for a railway vehicle, wherein a first through-hole that penetrates a shaft of the hollow axle in a longitudinal direction, and a vicinity of both ends of the first through-hole is sealed. And a second partition, a pressure regulating valve for regulating the pressure of the space between the partitions, and a sensor for measuring a change in the pressure of the space and a temperature, and wherein the first and second partitions are The sensor is provided on the first partition, and the auxiliary partition is provided on the outer position so as to seal the sensor in the through hole. It is characterized by having been done.

かかる発明によれば、隔壁を軸体の端部から車輪座側に進んだ内側位置に設けるとともにその外側位置に補助隔壁を与えることで、車軸中央部における疲労による貫通亀裂とともに、軸受けの異常過熱による軸受座の溶損などの中空車軸の損傷等までをも精度よく検出できる一方、誤検知を抑制できるのである。   According to this invention, the partition wall is provided at an inner position that is advanced from the end of the shaft body toward the wheel seat, and the auxiliary partition wall is provided at the outer position. Thus, it is possible to accurately detect even damage to the hollow axle, such as erosion of the bearing seat, and to suppress false detection.

上記した発明において、前記隔壁は前記軸受座近傍に設けられていることを特徴としてもよい。かかる発明によれば、軸受けの異常過熱による中空車軸の損傷等を精度よく検出できる。   In the above invention, the partition may be provided near the bearing seat. According to this invention, damage to the hollow axle and the like due to abnormal overheating of the bearing can be accurately detected.

上記した発明において、前記第２の隔壁の外側位置に第２の補助隔壁が与えられていることを特徴としてもよい。かかる発明によれば、補助隔壁の内側の隔壁の漏洩に基づく亀裂の誤検知を抑制できる。   In the above invention, a second auxiliary partition may be provided at a position outside the second partition. According to this invention, erroneous detection of a crack due to leakage of the partition inside the auxiliary partition can be suppressed.

上記した発明において、前記気圧調整バルブは前記センサと一体で設けられていることを特徴としてもよい。かかる発明によれば、システムを簡略化して誤検知を抑制でき、結果として、損傷を精度よく検出できる。   In the above invention, the air pressure adjusting valve may be provided integrally with the sensor. According to this invention, the system can be simplified to suppress erroneous detection, and as a result, damage can be detected with high accuracy.

鉄道車両用中空車軸を含む輪軸の正面図である。It is a front view of a wheel set including a hollow axle for a railway vehicle. 本発明による中空車軸の損傷検出システムの要部の正断面図である。1 is a front sectional view of a main part of a damage detection system for a hollow axle according to the present invention. 本発明による中空車軸の損傷検出システムの要部の断面図である。1 is a sectional view of a main part of a damage detection system for a hollow axle according to the present invention. 本発明による中空車軸の損傷検出システムのブロック図である。1 is a block diagram of a damage detection system for a hollow axle according to the present invention.

以下に、本発明による１つの実施例である中空車軸の損傷検出システムについて説明する。   Hereinafter, a damage detection system for a hollow axle according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

まず、損傷検出システムのうち、中空車軸とこれに取り付けられる装置等について、図１乃至３を用いて説明する。   First, among the damage detection systems, a hollow axle and a device attached thereto will be described with reference to FIGS.

図１に示すように、中空車軸１はその長手方向に一端から他端まで連続する貫通穴２を設けられた軸体である。中空車軸１は、その両端側に軸受けに支持される軸受座３を備え、両端からさらに内側に車輪４を嵌められる車輪座５を備える。   As shown in FIG. 1, the hollow axle 1 is a shaft body provided with a through hole 2 that is continuous from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction. The hollow axle 1 is provided with bearing seats 3 supported by bearings at both ends, and wheel seats 5 into which wheels 4 are fitted further inside from both ends.

図２に示すように、貫通穴２は、その両端部近傍において、中空車軸１の端部から車輪座５に向けて進んだ内側位置に設けられる２つの隔壁７によって封止され、両隔壁７に挟まれた閉空間１０に気密性を与えられる。隔壁７は、その周囲をシール材となる接着剤により接着されて貫通穴２に固定される。その他気密性を与える固定方法として、例えば、シールテープ等のシール材を用いた螺合なども用い得る。   As shown in FIG. 2, the through-hole 2 is sealed by two partition walls 7 provided near the both ends thereof at an inner position proceeding from the end of the hollow axle 1 toward the wheel seat 5. The airtightness is given to the closed space 10 sandwiched between them. The partition 7 is fixed to the through hole 2 by bonding the periphery thereof with an adhesive serving as a sealing material. As another fixing method for providing airtightness, for example, screwing using a sealing material such as a sealing tape may be used.

ところで、損傷検出システムでは、中空車軸１の外周から貫通穴２まで貫通する亀裂と、軸受座３の溶損などの中空車軸１を損傷させるような軸受３ａの異常過熱を検出する。前者のような貫通亀裂は、中空車軸の走行中の変形に基づく疲労によって車輪座５よりも軸方向の内側、すなわち車輪座５よりも中空車軸１の端部から離間する方向の領域Ａ（図１参照）において発生することが多い。また、後者のような中空車軸１を損傷させるような軸受３ａの異常過熱は、貫通穴２の内部において温度変化によって検知すればよい。これらの損傷を検知するための隔壁７の位置としては、気圧検知空間である閉空間１０に貫通亀裂を開口させることのできる位置であり、軸受３ａの過熱による中空車軸１の温度変化を検知しやすい位置とすることが好ましい。つまり、２つの隔壁７の間に領域Ａを含み、隔壁７に取り付けたセンサにより軸受３ａの過熱による温度変化を検知しやすい位置である、軸受座３の近傍が好ましい。   Incidentally, the damage detection system detects a crack penetrating from the outer periphery of the hollow axle 1 to the through hole 2 and abnormal overheating of the bearing 3 a that damages the hollow axle 1 such as erosion of the bearing seat 3. Through cracks such as the former are caused by fatigue caused by deformation of the hollow axle during traveling, and are located in an area A in the direction axially inside the wheel seat 5, that is, in a direction away from the end of the hollow axle 1 beyond the wheel seat 5 (see FIG. 1)). In addition, the abnormal overheating of the bearing 3 a that damages the hollow axle 1 as in the latter case may be detected by a temperature change inside the through hole 2. The position of the partition wall 7 for detecting these damages is a position where a through crack can be opened in the closed space 10 which is an air pressure detection space, and detects a temperature change of the hollow axle 1 due to overheating of the bearing 3a. It is preferable that the position be easy. That is, the vicinity of the bearing seat 3, which includes the region A between the two partition walls 7 and is a position where the sensor attached to the partition wall 7 can easily detect a temperature change due to overheating of the bearing 3a, is preferable.

図３を併せて参照すると、隔壁７の一方には、さらに閉空間１０の気圧を調整できるバルブ３０を備える。ここで、隔壁７には、閉空間１０から補助空間２０まで貫通するバルブ孔１１が備えられる。バルブ孔１１内面には螺刻がなされバルブ３０が螺合され、バルブ３０により外部に対して閉空間１０の気密が保たれる。   Referring also to FIG. 3, one of the partition walls 7 is further provided with a valve 30 that can adjust the air pressure of the closed space 10. Here, the partition 7 is provided with a valve hole 11 penetrating from the closed space 10 to the auxiliary space 20. The inner surface of the valve hole 11 is threaded, and the valve 30 is screwed into the valve hole 11. The valve 30 keeps the closed space 10 airtight against the outside.

バルブ３０は、バルブ本体３１と取り付けベース部３４とで構成される。バルブ本体３１の一端はその外周を螺刻され、後述する気圧・温度計測装置２１の取り付けを可能とする。バルブ本体３１の他端には取り付けベース部３４が設けられている。取り付けベース部３４は、六角形状のフランジ部３５と凸部３６とからなり、凸部３６はその外周を螺刻されている。この凸部３６は、ガスケット３７を挟んでバルブ孔１１に螺合される。バルブ本体３１は、公知の自動車タイヤ用バルブなどと同じ内部構造を有するので、その説明は省略する。   The valve 30 includes a valve body 31 and a mounting base 34. One end of the valve body 31 is threaded on the outer periphery thereof, so that an atmospheric pressure / temperature measuring device 21 described later can be attached. At the other end of the valve body 31, a mounting base 34 is provided. The mounting base portion 34 includes a hexagonal flange portion 35 and a convex portion 36, and the convex portion 36 has its outer periphery threaded. The projection 36 is screwed into the valve hole 11 with the gasket 37 interposed therebetween. Since the valve body 31 has the same internal structure as a known automobile tire valve or the like, a description thereof will be omitted.

バルブ３０は、図示しない気体ポンプを着脱自在に螺合させることができ、これにより閉空間１０の気圧を調整することができる。また、バルブ３０は、気体ポンプを取り外して閉空間１０の気圧を計測するとともに取り付けた位置の異常な温度を検知するための気圧・温度計測装置２１を螺合させることができる。   The valve 30 can be detachably screwed with a gas pump (not shown), so that the pressure in the closed space 10 can be adjusted. Further, the valve 30 can be screwed with a pressure / temperature measuring device 21 for measuring the pressure in the closed space 10 by removing the gas pump and detecting an abnormal temperature at the position where the valve 30 is attached.

気圧・温度計測装置２１は、気圧センサ２２と、送信機２３と、ケース２４と、を含む。気圧センサ２２は例えばシリコン・ダイヤフラム式とでき、気圧を計測し得る。また、軸受３ａの異常過熱及びこれによる軸受座３の溶損などの損傷を検知するために、気圧センサ２２は、例えば１５０℃程度で故障するなどして気圧の計測値として異常値を示すようなものである。気圧センサと温度を計測し得る温度センサとを併用してもよい。送信機２３は、気圧センサ２２の気圧計測結果を気圧信号として、後述する受信機４０に無線で送信し得る。ケース２４は中空の円筒形状をなし、その一端には蓋部材２４’が嵌合される。気圧センサ２２及び送信機２３は、ケース２４内の一端側に配設される。ケース２４の他端は、ケース２４の中心部近傍までの深さを有する開口凹部２５が凹設され、その凹部側壁を螺刻され、バルブ本体３１を螺合可能とする。開口凹部２５の底面２８には円筒形状の突起部２６が設けられ、その側壁には小孔２９が開口している。小孔２９は、底面２８に近接して配置される気圧センサ２２まで連通する。突起部２６の周囲には、底面２８に当接するようにガスケット２７が設けられる。   The pressure / temperature measurement device 21 includes a pressure sensor 22, a transmitter 23, and a case 24. The atmospheric pressure sensor 22 can be, for example, a silicon diaphragm type, and can measure the atmospheric pressure. In order to detect abnormal overheating of the bearing 3a and damage such as melting of the bearing seat 3 due to the overheating, the pressure sensor 22 may indicate an abnormal value as a measured value of the atmospheric pressure, for example, by failure at about 150 ° C. It is something. A pressure sensor and a temperature sensor capable of measuring temperature may be used in combination. The transmitter 23 can wirelessly transmit the pressure measurement result of the pressure sensor 22 to a receiver 40 described later as a pressure signal. The case 24 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and a lid member 24 'is fitted to one end of the case 24. The pressure sensor 22 and the transmitter 23 are disposed at one end side in the case 24. At the other end of the case 24, an opening recess 25 having a depth up to the vicinity of the center of the case 24 is recessed, and the sidewall of the recess is threaded so that the valve body 31 can be screwed. A cylindrical projection 26 is provided on a bottom surface 28 of the opening concave portion 25, and a small hole 29 is opened on a side wall thereof. The small hole 29 communicates with the atmospheric pressure sensor 22 arranged close to the bottom surface 28. A gasket 27 is provided around the protrusion 26 so as to contact the bottom surface 28.

再び図２を参照すると、バルブ３０を備える隔壁７の外側、つまり中空車軸１の端部側に、貫通穴２を封止する補助隔壁８を備える。これにより、貫通穴２は、一方の隔壁７と補助隔壁８とに挟まれた補助空間２０に気密性を与えられる。本実施例においては、補助隔壁８は軸端に取り付けられる。なお、補助隔壁８は、着脱可能かつ気密性を与え得るよう固定される。例えば、シールテープ等のシール材を用いた螺合によって固定されてもよい。   Referring again to FIG. 2, an auxiliary partition 8 for sealing the through hole 2 is provided outside the partition 7 having the valve 30, that is, on the end side of the hollow axle 1. Thereby, the through-hole 2 provides airtightness to the auxiliary space 20 sandwiched between the one partition 7 and the auxiliary partition 8. In this embodiment, the auxiliary partition 8 is attached to the shaft end. The auxiliary partition 8 is fixed so as to be detachable and airtight. For example, it may be fixed by screwing using a sealing material such as a sealing tape.

さらに、補助隔壁８には、気圧・温度計測装置２１の送信機２３と無線又は有線で接続される中継機４０を備える。中継機４０は、送信機２３から受信した信号を後述する受信機２０１に無線で送信することができる。また、中継機４０は中空車軸１の端部近傍や、図示しない台車枠等、信号の中継可能な他の位置に適宜設置してもよい。   Further, the auxiliary bulkhead 8 includes a repeater 40 that is connected to the transmitter 23 of the atmospheric pressure / temperature measuring device 21 by wire or wirelessly. The repeater 40 can wirelessly transmit a signal received from the transmitter 23 to a receiver 201 described later. In addition, the repeater 40 may be appropriately installed near the end of the hollow axle 1 or at another position where signals can be relayed, such as a bogie frame (not shown).

次に、中空車軸１の損傷検出システム１００の全体について、図４を用いて説明する。   Next, the entire damage detection system 100 for the hollow axle 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

図４に示すように、損傷検出システム１００は、複数の中空車軸１の隔壁７（図１参照）に螺合されたバルブ３０群と、各バルブ３０に着脱自在に螺合される気圧・温度計測装置２１群と、各気圧計・温度測装置２１の送信機２３に接続される中継機４０群と、モニター装置２００と、を含む。モニター装置２００は、受信機２０１とモニタ２０２とからなり、受信機２０１は、鉄道車両編成毎に設けてもよく、送受信状態によっては車両毎あるいは台車枠毎に設けても構わない。   As shown in FIG. 4, the damage detection system 100 includes a group of valves 30 screwed to the partition walls 7 (see FIG. 1) of the plurality of hollow axles 1, and a pressure and a temperature detachably screwed to each valve 30. It includes a group of measuring devices 21, a group of repeaters 40 connected to the transmitter 23 of each barometer / temperature measuring device 21, and a monitoring device 200. The monitor device 200 includes a receiver 201 and a monitor 202. The receiver 201 may be provided for each railway rolling-stock set, or may be provided for each vehicle or each bogie frame depending on the transmission / reception state.

また、損傷検出システム１００は、バルブ３０に着脱自在に螺合される気体ポンプ（図示せず）をも含む。気体ポンプは、公知のエア・コンプレッサーを使用し得る。本実施例において、圧送する気体は調達の容易な空気を利用している。なお、圧送する気体として、化学的に不活性な窒素やアルゴンを使用してもよい。   The damage detection system 100 also includes a gas pump (not shown) that is detachably screwed to the valve 30. As the gas pump, a known air compressor can be used. In this embodiment, the gas to be pumped uses air that is easily procured. Note that, as the gas to be pumped, chemically inert nitrogen or argon may be used.

更に、損傷検出システム１００の使用方法について、図２乃至図４を用いて詳述する。   Further, a method of using the damage detection system 100 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

図２及び図３を参照すると、まず、補助隔壁８を中空車軸１から取り外して、補助空間２０を外部に開放する。そして、気圧・温度計測装置２１を取り外してからバルブ３０に気体ポンプ（図示せず）を接続し、閉空間１０内に空気を圧送して封入する。封入後、バルブ３０から気体ポンプを取り外し、バルブ３０に気圧・温度計測装置２１を接続するとともに同装置の電源を入れる。電源の入った気圧・温度計測装置２１内の気圧センサ２２は、閉空間１０内の気圧の継続的な計測を開始する。さらに、補助隔壁８を取り付けて、補助空間２０を封止する。ここで、補助空間２０内はほぼ大気圧と同等の気圧になる。   Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, first, the auxiliary partition wall 8 is removed from the hollow axle 1 to open the auxiliary space 20 to the outside. Then, after removing the air pressure / temperature measurement device 21, a gas pump (not shown) is connected to the valve 30, and air is fed into the closed space 10 by pressure and sealed. After the sealing, the gas pump is removed from the valve 30, the pressure / temperature measuring device 21 is connected to the valve 30, and the power of the device is turned on. The pressure sensor 22 in the pressure / temperature measuring device 21 that has been turned on starts continuous measurement of the pressure in the closed space 10. Further, the auxiliary partition 8 is attached to seal the auxiliary space 20. Here, the pressure in the auxiliary space 20 is substantially equal to the atmospheric pressure.

図４を併せて参照すると、気圧・温度計測装置２１内の気圧センサ２２は、計測した気圧に応じた電気信号出力する。送信機２３は、同信号を取得し、これをデジタル処理して気圧信号とし、中継機４０を介して気圧信号を受信機２０１に向けて送信する。予め電源を入れておいた受信機２０１は、気圧信号を受信し、所定の信号処理を施した上で処理済信号をモニタ２０２に送る。閉空間１０内の気圧の値は、文字等によりモニタ２０２上で表示され、乗務員等によって監視され得るのである。   Referring also to FIG. 4, the pressure sensor 22 in the pressure / temperature measurement device 21 outputs an electric signal corresponding to the measured pressure. The transmitter 23 obtains the signal, digitally processes the signal to generate a pressure signal, and transmits the pressure signal to the receiver 201 via the repeater 40. The receiver 201, which has been turned on in advance, receives the atmospheric pressure signal, performs predetermined signal processing, and sends a processed signal to the monitor 202. The value of the air pressure in the closed space 10 is displayed on the monitor 202 by characters or the like, and can be monitored by a crew or the like.

鉄道車両を運行に供用中、すなわち、運行前検査時や走行中における車上監視中において、中空車軸１に内在する亀裂が成長するなどして、閉空間１０と外部とをつなぐ貫通亀裂が発生した場合、閉空間１０内に封入した空気は同亀裂から漏洩する。そのため、閉空間１０内の気圧が低下する。つまり、閉空間１０の気圧変化を計測することによって、貫通亀裂を検出することが出来るのである。また、上記したように、気圧センサ２２は１５０℃程度で気圧の値として異常値を示すため、軸受３ａの異常過熱によって軸受座３が高温になったことをかかる異常値で検知できる。   During operation of the railway vehicle, that is, during a pre-operation inspection or on-vehicle monitoring during traveling, a crack existing in the hollow axle 1 grows and a through crack connecting the closed space 10 and the outside occurs. In this case, the air sealed in the closed space 10 leaks from the crack. Therefore, the air pressure in the closed space 10 decreases. That is, the through crack can be detected by measuring the change in the atmospheric pressure in the closed space 10. Further, as described above, the pressure sensor 22 indicates an abnormal value as a pressure value at about 150 ° C., so that it is possible to detect that the bearing seat 3 has become high temperature due to abnormal overheating of the bearing 3a with the abnormal value.

このとき、上記したように隔壁７は、軸受座３の近傍に備えられることが好ましいが、気圧・温度計測装置２１による異常温度の検知においては、気圧センサ２２（又は気圧センサと併用する温度センサ）への伝導や輻射などの伝熱経路を考慮してその位置を定めるとよい。例えば、輻射を優先するのであれば、センサの位置を軸受３ａの中心に対応する内周側の位置にするように隔壁７を設けるとよい。   At this time, as described above, the partition wall 7 is preferably provided in the vicinity of the bearing seat 3. However, in the detection of abnormal temperature by the pressure / temperature measuring device 21, the pressure sensor 22 (or the temperature sensor used in combination with the pressure sensor) is used. The position may be determined in consideration of a heat transfer path such as conduction or radiation to the element. For example, if priority is given to radiation, the partition wall 7 may be provided so that the position of the sensor is located on the inner peripheral side corresponding to the center of the bearing 3a.

また、隔壁７は、中空車軸１の端部から車輪座５側に進んだ内側の位置に設けられるから、軸端に隔壁を設けるよりも閉空間１０を小さくできる。これにより貫通亀裂の多く発生する部位に閉空間１０を絞り込み、貫通亀裂の検出における誤検知の抑制ができるとともに、貫通亀裂を生じた場合の閉空間１０の圧力変化を大きくして、貫通亀裂の検出精度を向上させることができる。この観点において、隔壁７の位置は、軸受３ａの異常過熱を検知できる範囲で中空車軸１の端部から離間させることが好ましい。   In addition, since the partition 7 is provided at an inner position that advances from the end of the hollow axle 1 to the wheel seat 5 side, the closed space 10 can be made smaller than providing a partition at the shaft end. As a result, the closed space 10 is narrowed down to a portion where many through cracks are generated, erroneous detection in detection of a through crack can be suppressed, and a pressure change in the closed space 10 when a through crack is generated is increased, so that the Detection accuracy can be improved. From this viewpoint, it is preferable that the position of the partition wall 7 is separated from the end of the hollow axle 1 within a range in which abnormal overheating of the bearing 3a can be detected.

また、隔壁７の外側には、上記したように気密性の補助空間２０を備える。これにより、隔壁７のシール材の劣化や走行中の中空車軸１の変形などによって、閉空間１０の気密性が低下して空気を補助空間２０内に漏洩させたような場合には、閉空間１０の気圧を多少低下させるものの、漏洩した空気を閉空間１０よりも容積の小さな補助空間２０内に充満させ、大気圧よりも高い気圧で漏洩を停止させて閉空間１０の気圧の低下を停止させる。他方、閉空間１０に開口する貫通亀裂により気体を漏洩させるときは、閉空間１０内の圧力を大気圧に近づけるまで低下させ続ける。   Further, the airtight auxiliary space 20 is provided outside the partition 7 as described above. Accordingly, in the case where the airtightness of the closed space 10 is reduced due to deterioration of the sealing material of the partition wall 7 or deformation of the hollow axle 1 during traveling and air is leaked into the auxiliary space 20, the closed space is closed. Although the air pressure of 10 is slightly reduced, the leaked air is filled in the auxiliary space 20 having a smaller volume than the closed space 10 and the leak is stopped at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure to stop the reduction of the air pressure of the closed space 10. Let it. On the other hand, when gas is leaked by a through crack that opens into the closed space 10, the pressure in the closed space 10 is continuously reduced until it approaches the atmospheric pressure.

このように、閉空間１０の気圧の変化を計測することで、貫通亀裂による閉空間１０から外部への漏洩か、隔壁７からの補助空間２０への漏洩かを区別できる。これによって、貫通亀裂が発生していないにも関わらず、貫通亀裂の発生としてしまう誤検知の頻度を低下させ、精度よく貫通亀裂による損傷を検出し得るのである。そのため、例えば、隔壁７から補助空間２０への漏洩だけであればシステム１００の使用を可能とするので、車両を直ちに停止させずともよく、車両の運行に大きな支障を与えない。   As described above, by measuring the change in the atmospheric pressure in the closed space 10, it is possible to distinguish between leakage from the closed space 10 to the outside due to a through crack and leakage from the partition 7 to the auxiliary space 20. As a result, the frequency of erroneous detection that a through crack has occurred is reduced even though a through crack has not occurred, and damage due to the through crack can be detected with high accuracy. For this reason, for example, if only the leakage from the partition 7 to the auxiliary space 20 can be used, the system 100 can be used. Therefore, the vehicle does not have to be stopped immediately and does not significantly hinder the operation of the vehicle.

このように、隔壁７から中空車軸１の外部への漏洩を抑制して誤検知を減じて精度よく貫通亀裂による損傷を検出することができるので、さらに、バルブ３０を設けなかった他方の隔壁７の外側にも第２の補助隔壁を設けることも好ましい。また、補助隔壁を多段にして、隔壁７からの漏洩をさらに抑制することもできる。つまり、補助隔壁を増やすほど隔壁及び補助隔壁の漏洩による誤検知の確率を低下させて、亀裂の検出精度を向上させることができる。また、バルブ３０を設けなかった他方の隔壁７には軸受の異常過熱を検知する温度センサを設けることが好ましい。   As described above, leakage from the partition 7 to the outside of the hollow axle 1 can be suppressed, false detection can be reduced, and damage due to a through crack can be detected accurately, so that the other partition 7 without the valve 30 is provided. It is also preferable to provide a second auxiliary partition on the outside of. In addition, it is possible to further suppress leakage from the partition 7 by providing the auxiliary partition in multiple stages. That is, as the number of auxiliary partition walls increases, the probability of erroneous detection due to leakage of the partition walls and the auxiliary partition walls decreases, and the accuracy of crack detection can be improved. In addition, it is preferable to provide a temperature sensor for detecting abnormal overheating of the bearing on the other partition 7 where the valve 30 is not provided.

なお、上記に併せて、微細な珪酸や炭酸カルシウム等の着色粉体を閉空間１０内に予め収容しておいてもよい。この場合、閉空間１０と外部とをつなぐ貫通亀裂の開口部から封入した気体とともに着色粉体が漏洩し、同開口部周辺に付着するため、目視検査によって貫通亀裂の位置を容易に特定し得るのである。   In addition, in addition to the above, fine colored powder such as silica or calcium carbonate may be stored in the closed space 10 in advance. In this case, the colored powder leaks together with the sealed gas from the opening of the through crack that connects the closed space 10 to the outside and adheres to the periphery of the opening, so that the position of the through crack can be easily specified by visual inspection. It is.

さらに、他の実施例として、閉空間１０内部を外気圧に対して減圧させてもよい。かかる実施例によれば、閉空間１０の圧力上昇により貫通亀裂が検出される。   Further, as another embodiment, the inside of the closed space 10 may be reduced in pressure with respect to the outside air pressure. According to this embodiment, the through crack is detected by the pressure increase in the closed space 10.

ここまで本発明による代表的な実施例及びこれに伴う変形例について述べたが、本発明は必ずしもこれに限定されるものではなく、適宜、当業者によって変更され得る。すなわち、当業者であれば、添付した特許請求の範囲を逸脱することなく、種々の代替実施例及び改変例を見出すことができるであろう。   The representative embodiments and the modifications according to the present invention have been described so far, but the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto, and can be appropriately modified by those skilled in the art. That is, those skilled in the art will be able to find various alternative embodiments and modifications without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

１ 中空車軸
２ 貫通穴
３ 軸受座
５ 車輪座
７ 隔壁
８ 補助隔壁
１０ 閉空間
２０ 補助空間
３０ バルブ
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 hollow axle 2 through hole 3 bearing seat 5 wheel seat 7 partition 8 auxiliary partition 10 closed space 20 auxiliary space 30 valve

Claims (4)

鉄道車両用中空車軸の損傷検出システムであって、
前記中空車軸の軸体を長手方向に貫通する貫通穴と、
前記貫通穴の両端部近傍を封止する第１及び第２の隔壁と、
前記隔壁の間の空間の気圧を調整する気圧調整バルブと、
前記空間の気圧変化、及び温度を計測するセンサと、を含み、
前記第１及び第２の隔壁は前記軸体の端部から車輪座側に進んだ内側位置に設けられ、前記第１の隔壁に前記センサが与えられているとともにこれを前記貫通穴内に封止するように外側位置に補助隔壁が与えられていることを特徴とする鉄道車両用中空車軸の損傷検出システム。 A damage detection system for a hollow axle for a railway vehicle,
A through-hole penetrating the shaft of the hollow axle in the longitudinal direction,
First and second partitions for sealing the vicinity of both ends of the through hole;
An air pressure adjusting valve that adjusts the air pressure of the space between the partition walls,
A sensor for measuring a change in atmospheric pressure of the space, and a temperature,
The first and second partition walls are provided at an inner position that advances from the end of the shaft body toward the wheel seat, and the first partition wall is provided with the sensor and sealed in the through hole. A damage detection system for a hollow axle for a railway vehicle, wherein an auxiliary partition is provided at an outer position so as to perform the above operation. 前記第１の隔壁は軸受座近傍に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の損傷検出システム。 It said first septum damage detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that provided in the vicinity axial seat. 前記第２の隔壁の外側位置に第２の補助隔壁が与えられていることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の損傷検出システム。   3. The damage detection system according to claim 1, wherein a second auxiliary partition is provided outside the second partition. 4. 前記気圧調整バルブは前記センサと一体で設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のうちの１つに記載の損傷検出システム。
The damage detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the air pressure adjusting valve is provided integrally with the sensor.
JP2016131005A 2016-06-30 2016-06-30 Damage detection system for hollow axles for railway vehicles Expired - Fee Related JP6642917B2 (en)

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