JP6636400B2 - Circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
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- JP6636400B2 JP6636400B2 JP2016146297A JP2016146297A JP6636400B2 JP 6636400 B2 JP6636400 B2 JP 6636400B2 JP 2016146297 A JP2016146297 A JP 2016146297A JP 2016146297 A JP2016146297 A JP 2016146297A JP 6636400 B2 JP6636400 B2 JP 6636400B2
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 225
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Description
本発明は、インピーダンス特性および軸比特性が良好であり複数の周波数帯で送受信できる円偏波アンテナに関する。 The present invention relates to a circularly polarized antenna having good impedance characteristics and axial ratio characteristics and capable of transmitting and receiving in a plurality of frequency bands.
円偏波アンテナは衛星通信等に利用可能である。特に、誘電体基板の一方の面に導体素子が配置されており、その他方の面にグラウンド板が配置されている構成を持つロープロファイルの円偏波アンテナとして、例えば非特許文献１に開示されている円偏波アンテナと非特許文献２に開示されている円偏波アンテナが知られている。 The circularly polarized antenna can be used for satellite communication and the like. In particular, as a low-profile circularly polarized antenna having a configuration in which a conductor element is disposed on one surface of a dielectric substrate and a ground plate is disposed on the other surface, for example, it is disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1. A circularly polarized antenna and a circularly polarized antenna disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2 are known.
非特許文献１に開示されている円偏波アンテナは図１（ａ）に示す構成（非特許文献１の図１）と図１（ｂ）に示すような入力インピーダンスおよびＶＳＷＲ（Voltage Standing Wave Ratio）の周波数特性（非特許文献１の図７）を有している。 The circularly polarized antenna disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 has a configuration shown in FIG. 1A (FIG. 1 in Non-Patent Document 1) and an input impedance and a VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) as shown in FIG. ) (FIG. 7 of Non-Patent Document 1).
また、非特許文献２に開示されている円偏波アンテナは図２（ａ）に示す構成（非特許文献２の図７）と図２（ｂ）に示すような入力インピーダンスおよびゲインの周波数特性（非特許文献２の図１０）を有している。 The circularly polarized antenna disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2 has a configuration shown in FIG. 2A (FIG. 7 in Non-Patent Document 2) and frequency characteristics of input impedance and gain as shown in FIG. 2B. (FIG. 10 of Non-Patent Document 2).
非特許文献１に開示されている円偏波アンテナは、1.5GHzを中心周波数として約300MHｚの帯域幅を持つが、中心周波数の異なる複数の周波数帯で動作することが難しい。また、非特許文献２に開示されている円偏波アンテナは、中心周波数の周辺の広い範囲で入力インピーダンスのリアクタンス成分がゼロにならないので、通常、特性インピーダンスが50Ωあるいは75Ωとされる給電部と円偏波アンテナとの間でインピーダンス整合を図るべくバラン（balun）が用いられる（非特許文献２の図１１を参照）。 The circularly polarized antenna disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 has a bandwidth of about 300 MHz with a center frequency of 1.5 GHz, but it is difficult to operate in a plurality of frequency bands having different center frequencies. In addition, the circularly polarized antenna disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2 has a feeder whose characteristic impedance is usually 50Ω or 75Ω because the reactance component of the input impedance does not become zero in a wide range around the center frequency. A balun is used to achieve impedance matching with the circularly polarized antenna (see FIG. 11 of Non-Patent Document 2).
そこで本発明は、インピーダンス特性および軸比特性が良好であり複数の周波数帯で送受信できる円偏波アンテナを提供することを目的とする。 Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a circularly polarized antenna having good impedance characteristics and axial ratio characteristics and capable of transmitting and receiving in a plurality of frequency bands.
本発明の円偏波アンテナは、所定の大きさを持つ第１長方形の周に倣っており且つ少なくとも第１ギャップを介して互いに対向している二つの端部を持つ帯状の形状を有する、第１導体素子と、第１長方形の周に倣っており且つ少なくとも第２ギャップを介して互いに対向している二つの端部を持つ帯状の形状を有し、第１導体素子が配置されている平面Ａ上にて第１導体素子と接触しないように配置されている、第２導体素子と、第１長方形の長辺よりも短い長辺を持つ第２長方形の周に倣っており且つ少なくとも第３ギャップを介して互いに対向している二つの端部を持つ帯状の形状を有し、平面Ａ上にて第１導体素子によって囲まれるように配置されている、第３導体素子と、第２長方形の周に倣っており且つ少なくとも第４ギャップを介して互いに対向している二つの端部を持つ帯状の形状を有し、平面Ａ上にて第２導体素子によって囲まれるように配置されている、第４導体素子と、平面Ａ上で第１導体素子と第３導体素子とを接続する第１接続部と、平面Ａ上で第２導体素子と第４導体素子とを接続する第２接続部とを含む。第１導体素子と第２導体素子は、予め定められた対称点に関して点対称となるように、配置されており、第３導体素子と第４導体素子は、対称点に関して点対称となるように、配置されており、第１接続部と第２接続部は、対称点に関して点対称となるように、配置されており、第１導体素子の給電部位と第２導体素子の給電部位は、対称点に関して点対称となるように位置している。 The circularly polarized antenna according to the present invention has a strip shape following the circumference of a first rectangle having a predetermined size and having two ends opposed to each other via at least a first gap. A plane in which the first conductor element is arranged, and has a band-like shape having two ends following the circumference of the first rectangle and facing each other via at least the second gap; A second conductor element, which is arranged so as not to contact the first conductor element on A, and follows the circumference of a second rectangle having a longer side shorter than the longer side of the first rectangle, and at least a third A third conductor element having a strip shape having two ends opposed to each other with a gap therebetween and arranged on the plane A so as to be surrounded by the first conductor element; And at least the fourth gap A fourth conductive element having a band-like shape having two ends opposed to each other via a second conductive element on the plane A, and a fourth conductive element It includes a first connection part connecting the one conductor element and the third conductor element, and a second connection part connecting the second conductor element and the fourth conductor element on the plane A. The first conductor element and the second conductor element are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to a predetermined symmetry point, and the third conductor element and the fourth conductor element are point-symmetric with respect to the symmetry point. The first connection part and the second connection part are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the symmetry point, and the power supply part of the first conductor element and the power supply part of the second conductor element are symmetrical. It is located so as to be point symmetric with respect to the point.
本発明の円偏波アンテナによると、詳しくは後述するが、インピーダンス特性および軸比特性が良好であり複数の周波数帯で送受信できる。 According to the circularly polarized antenna of the present invention, the impedance characteristics and the axial ratio characteristics are good and transmission and reception can be performed in a plurality of frequency bands, as will be described in detail later.
図面を参照して本発明の実施形態を説明する。
図３に示すように、実施形態の円偏波アンテナ１は、誘電体基板１００と、誘電体基板１００の一方の面に配置されている第１導体素子１１０と、誘電体基板１００の一方の面に配置されている第２導体素子１２０と、誘電体基板１００の一方の面に配置されている第３導体素子１３０と、誘電体基板１００の一方の面に配置されている第４導体素子１４０と、誘電体基板１００の一方の面に配置されており、第１導体素子１１０と第３導体素子１３０とを接続する第１接続部１１３と、誘電体基板１００の一方の面に配置されており、第２導体素子１２０と第４導体素子１４０とを接続する第２接続部１２４とを含んでいる。このように、第１導体素子１１０と、第２導体素子１２０と、第３導体素子１３０と、第４導体素子１４０と、第１接続部１１３と、第２接続部１２４は、同一平面（つまり、この実施形態では、誘電体基板１００の一方の面）上に配置されている。
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 3, the circularly polarized antenna 1 of the embodiment includes a dielectric substrate 100, a first conductive element 110 disposed on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100, and one of the dielectric substrates 100. A second conductive element 120 disposed on the surface, a third conductive element 130 disposed on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100, and a fourth conductive element disposed on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100 140, a first connection portion 113 disposed on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100 for connecting the first conductor element 110 and the third conductor element 130, and a first connection portion 113 disposed on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100. And a second connecting portion 124 that connects the second conductive element 120 and the fourth conductive element 140. Thus, the first conductor element 110, the second conductor element 120, the third conductor element 130, the fourth conductor element 140, the first connection part 113, and the second connection part 124 are on the same plane (that is, In this embodiment, it is arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100).
＜第１導体素子＞
第１導体素子１１０は、所定の大きさを持つ第１長方形の周に倣って屈曲されている帯状の形状を有している（図３参照）。この帯状の第１導体素子１１０の全長、つまり、第１導体素子１１０の一端からその他端までの第１導体素子１１０に沿った長さは予め定められた第１長さＬ１である。第１長方形の周長は第１長さＬ１よりも少し長い。このため、第１導体素子１１０の両端部は第１ギャップ１１０ａを介して互いに対向している。「対向」とは、図３に示すように同一直線上で両端部が向かい合う場合のみならず、例えば、図４に示すように、第１長方形の角部に第１ギャップ１１０ａが位置するような屈曲形状を第１導体素子１１０が持つことで第１導体素子１１０の両端部が直交して向かい合う場合も含まれる。なお、第１長方形には正方形も含まれる。
<First conductor element>
The first conductive element 110 has a belt-like shape that is bent along the circumference of a first rectangle having a predetermined size (see FIG. 3). The total length of the strip-shaped first conductor element 110, that is, the length along the first conductor element 110 from one end to the other end of the first conductor element 110 is a predetermined first length L1. The circumference of the first rectangle is slightly longer than the first length L1. For this reason, both ends of the first conductive element 110 face each other via the first gap 110a. The term “opposite” refers to not only a case where both end portions face each other on the same straight line as shown in FIG. When the first conductor element 110 has a bent shape, the case where both end portions of the first conductor element 110 face each other at right angles is also included. Note that the first rectangle includes a square.
図３に示す実施形態では、第１導体素子１１０の線路幅（つまり、帯状導体素子の幅であり、さらに換言すれば、第１導体素子１１０の一端からその他端に向かう方向と直交する方向の長さである）は一定である。しかし、インピーダンス整合の観点から、第１導体素子１１０は部分的に異なる線路幅を持っていてもよく、例えば、第１導体素子１１０の一部分の線路幅がその他の部分の線路幅よりも広く、あるいは、狭くてもよい。具体例として、第１導体素子１１０は、第１導体素子１１０の両端部のそれぞれの線路幅が等しく且つその他の部分の線路幅よりも広いステップインピーダンス線路構造を持っていてもよい。このような第１導体素子１１０の形状を異なる観点から説明すると、第１導体素子１１０は、第１長方形の周に沿って所定の線路幅を持つ長方形ループを第１ギャップ１１０ａを持つように切断して得られる帯状の形状を有している。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the line width of the first conductive element 110 (that is, the width of the strip-shaped conductive element, in other words, in the direction orthogonal to the direction from one end of the first conductive element 110 to the other end). Is constant. However, from the viewpoint of impedance matching, the first conductor element 110 may have partially different line widths. For example, the line width of a part of the first conductor element 110 is wider than the line width of the other parts. Alternatively, it may be narrow. As a specific example, the first conductor element 110 may have a step impedance line structure in which the line widths at both ends of the first conductor element 110 are equal and are wider than the line widths of the other portions. Explaining the shape of the first conductive element 110 from a different viewpoint, the first conductive element 110 cuts a rectangular loop having a predetermined line width along the circumference of the first rectangle so as to have the first gap 110a. It has a belt-like shape obtained by the following.
＜第２導体素子＞
第２導体素子１２０は、第１導体素子１１０を誘電体基板１００の一方の面上で平行移動させ且つ当該面の法線周りに回転させたときに、第１導体素子１１０と一致する形状を有している。具体的には次のとおりである。
<Second conductor element>
The second conductive element 120 has a shape that matches the first conductive element 110 when the first conductive element 110 is translated on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100 and rotated about the normal to the surface. Have. The details are as follows.
第２導体素子１２０も、第１長方形の周に倣って屈曲されている帯状の形状を有している（図３参照）。この帯状の第２導体素子１２０の全長、つまり、第２導体素子１２０の一端からその他端までの第２導体素子１２０に沿った長さも第１長さＬ１である。このため、第２導体素子１２０の両端部は第２ギャップ１２０ａを介して互いに対向している。つまり、第１ギャップ１１０ａの長さ（つまり、互いに対向している第１導体素子１１０の一端とその他端との距離）と第２ギャップ１２０ａの長さ（つまり、互いに対向している第２導体素子１２０の一端とその他端との距離）は等しい。なお、「対向」については、＜第１導体素子＞の項目での「対向」の説明を、第１導体素子１１０を第２導体素子１２０に、第１ギャップ１１０ａを第２ギャップ１２０ａに、それぞれ読み替えて、ここに適用する。 The second conductor element 120 also has a belt-like shape bent along the circumference of the first rectangle (see FIG. 3). The entire length of the band-shaped second conductor element 120, that is, the length along the second conductor element 120 from one end to the other end of the second conductor element 120 is also the first length L1. For this reason, both ends of the second conductive element 120 face each other via the second gap 120a. That is, the length of the first gap 110a (that is, the distance between one end of the first conductor element 110 and the other end thereof facing each other) and the length of the second gap 120a (that is, the second conductor The distance between one end of the element 120 and the other end) is equal. As for “opposite”, the description of “opposite” in the item of “first conductive element” is applied to the case where the first conductive element 110 is set to the second conductive element 120 and the first gap 110a is set to the second gap 120a. Replace and apply here.
図３に示す実施形態では、第２導体素子１２０の線路幅（つまり、帯状導体素子の幅であり、さらに換言すれば、第２導体素子１２０の一端からその他端に向かう方向と直交する方向の長さである）は一定である。この場合、好ましくは、第２導体素子１２０の線路幅は第１導体素子１１０の線路幅と等しい。しかし、インピーダンス整合の観点から、第２導体素子１２０は部分的に異なる線路幅を持っていてもよく、例えば、第２導体素子１２０の一部分の線路幅がその他の部分の線路幅よりも広く、あるいは、狭くてもよい。具体例として、第２導体素子１２０は、第２導体素子１２０の両端部のそれぞれの線路幅が等しく且つその他の部分の線路幅よりも広いステップインピーダンス線路構造を持っていてもよい。なお、第２導体素子１２０が部分的に異なる線路幅を持つ場合であっても、第２導体素子１２０は、第１導体素子１１０を誘電体基板１００の一方の面上で平行移動させ且つ当該面の法線周りに回転させたときに、第１導体素子１１０と一致する形状を有していなければならない。このような第２導体素子１２０の形状を異なる観点から説明すると、第２導体素子１２０は、第１長方形の周に沿って所定の線路幅を持つ長方形ループを第２ギャップ１２０ａを持つように切断して得られる帯状の形状を有している。第２導体素子１２０は、誘電体基板１００の一方の面にて第１導体素子１１０と接触しないように配置されている。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the line width of the second conductive element 120 (that is, the width of the strip-shaped conductive element, in other words, the direction perpendicular to the direction from one end of the second conductive element 120 to the other end). Is constant. In this case, preferably, the line width of the second conductor element 120 is equal to the line width of the first conductor element 110. However, from the viewpoint of impedance matching, the second conductor element 120 may have partially different line widths. For example, the line width of a part of the second conductor element 120 is wider than the line width of the other parts, Alternatively, it may be narrow. As a specific example, the second conductor element 120 may have a step impedance line structure in which the line widths at both ends of the second conductor element 120 are equal and are wider than the line widths of the other portions. Note that even when the second conductor element 120 has a partially different line width, the second conductor element 120 translates the first conductor element 110 on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100, and It must have a shape that matches the first conductive element 110 when rotated about the plane normal. Explaining the shape of the second conductor element 120 from a different viewpoint, the second conductor element 120 cuts a rectangular loop having a predetermined line width along the circumference of the first rectangle so as to have the second gap 120a. It has a belt-like shape obtained by the following. The second conductive element 120 is arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100 so as not to contact the first conductive element 110.
＜第３導体素子＞
第３導体素子１３０は、第１長方形の長辺よりも短い長辺を持つ第２長方形の周に倣って屈曲されている帯状の形状を有している（図３参照）。この帯状の第３導体素子１３０の全長、つまり、第３導体素子１３０の一端からその他端までの第３導体素子１３０に沿った長さは第１長さＬ１よりも短い第２長さＬ２である。第２長方形の周長は第２長さＬ２よりも少し長い。このため、第３導体素子１３０の両端部は第３ギャップ１３０ａを介して互いに対向している。「対向」については、＜第１導体素子＞の項目での「対向」の説明を、第１導体素子１１０を第３導体素子１３０に、第１ギャップ１１０ａを第３ギャップ１３０ａに、それぞれ読み替えて、ここに適用する。なお、第２長方形には正方形も含まれる。このため、上記の「第１長方形の長辺よりも短い長辺を持つ第２長方形」は、第１長方形が正方形で第２長方形が非正方形である場合には、「第１長方形の一辺よりも短い長辺を持つ第２長方形」に読み替え、第１長方形が非正方形で第２長方形が正方形である場合には、「第１長方形の長辺よりも短い一辺を持つ第２長方形」に読み替え、第１長方形および第２長方形が正方形である場合には、「第１長方形の一辺よりも短い一辺を持つ第２長方形」に読み替えればよい。
<Third conductor element>
The third conductive element 130 has a belt-like shape bent along the circumference of a second rectangle having a longer side shorter than the longer side of the first rectangle (see FIG. 3). The entire length of the strip-shaped third conductor element 130, that is, the length along the third conductor element 130 from one end to the other end of the third conductor element 130 is a second length L2 shorter than the first length L1. is there. The circumference of the second rectangle is slightly longer than the second length L2. For this reason, both ends of the third conductive element 130 face each other via the third gap 130a. As for “opposite”, the description of “opposite” in the item of “first conductive element” is replaced with the description of “first conductive element 110” as “third conductive element 130” and “first gap 110a” as “third gap 130a”. Apply here. Note that the second rectangle includes a square. For this reason, the above-mentioned “second rectangle having a longer side shorter than the longer side of the first rectangle” means that “the first rectangle is square and the second rectangle is non-square”. If the first rectangle is non-square and the second rectangle is square, it should be read as "the second rectangle having one side shorter than the long side of the first rectangle." In the case where the first rectangle and the second rectangle are squares, it may be replaced with “a second rectangle having one side shorter than one side of the first rectangle”.
図３に示す実施形態では、第３導体素子１３０の線路幅（つまり、帯状導体素子の幅であり、さらに換言すれば、第３導体素子１３０の一端からその他端に向かう方向と直交する方向の長さである）は一定である。しかし、インピーダンス整合の観点から、第３導体素子１３０は部分的に異なる線路幅を持っていてもよく、例えば、第３導体素子１３０の一部分の線路幅がその他の部分の線路幅よりも広く、あるいは、狭くてもよい。具体例として、第３導体素子１３０は、第３導体素子１３０の両端部のそれぞれの線路幅が等しく且つその他の部分の線路幅よりも広いステップインピーダンス線路構造を持っていてもよい。このような第３導体素子１３０の形状を異なる観点から説明すると、第３導体素子１３０は、第２長方形の周に沿って所定の線路幅を持つ長方形ループを第３ギャップ１３０ａを持つように切断して得られる帯状の形状を有している。第３導体素子１３０は、誘電体基板１００の一方の面上で第１導体素子１１０によって囲まれるように配置されている。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the line width of the third conductor element 130 (that is, the width of the strip-shaped conductor element, in other words, the direction orthogonal to the direction from one end of the third conductor element 130 to the other end). Is constant. However, from the viewpoint of impedance matching, the third conductor element 130 may have partially different line widths. For example, the line width of a part of the third conductor element 130 is wider than the line width of the other parts, Alternatively, it may be narrow. As a specific example, the third conductor element 130 may have a step impedance line structure in which the line widths at both ends of the third conductor element 130 are equal and are wider than the line widths of the other portions. Explaining the shape of the third conductor element 130 from a different viewpoint, the third conductor element 130 cuts a rectangular loop having a predetermined line width along the circumference of the second rectangle so as to have the third gap 130a. It has a belt-like shape obtained by the following. The third conductive element 130 is arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100 so as to be surrounded by the first conductive element 110.
＜第４導体素子＞
第４導体素子１４０は、第３導体素子１３０を誘電体基板１００の一方の面上で平行移動させ且つ当該面の法線周りに回転させたときに、第３導体素子１３０と一致する形状を有している。具体的には次のとおりである。
<Fourth conductor element>
The fourth conductive element 140 has a shape that matches the third conductive element 130 when the third conductive element 130 is translated on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100 and rotated about the normal to the surface. Have. The details are as follows.
第４導体素子１４０も、第２長方形の周に倣って屈曲されている帯状の形状を有している（図３参照）。この帯状の第４導体素子１４０の全長、つまり、第４導体素子１４０の一端からその他端までの第４導体素子１４０に沿った長さも第２長さＬ２である。このため、第４導体素子１４０の両端部は第４ギャップ１４０ａを介して互いに対向している。つまり、第３ギャップ１３０ａの長さ（つまり、互いに対向している第３導体素子１３０の一端とその他端との距離）と第４ギャップ１４０ａの長さ（つまり、互いに対向している第４導体素子１４０の一端とその他端との距離）は等しい。なお、「対向」については、＜第１導体素子＞の項目での「対向」の説明を、第１導体素子１１０を第４導体素子１４０に、第１ギャップ１１０ａを第４ギャップ１４０ａに、それぞれ読み替えて、ここに適用する。 The fourth conductor element 140 also has a band-like shape that is bent following the circumference of the second rectangle (see FIG. 3). The entire length of the strip-shaped fourth conductor element 140, that is, the length along the fourth conductor element 140 from one end to the other end of the fourth conductor element 140 is also the second length L2. For this reason, both ends of the fourth conductive element 140 face each other via the fourth gap 140a. That is, the length of the third gap 130a (that is, the distance between one end and the other end of the third conductor element 130 facing each other) and the length of the fourth gap 140a (that is, the fourth conductor The distance between one end of the element 140 and the other end) is equal. As for “opposite”, the description of “opposite” in the item of “first conductive element” will be described, and the first conductive element 110 will be referred to as the fourth conductive element 140, and the first gap 110a will be referred to as the fourth gap 140a. Replace and apply here.
図３に示す実施形態では、第４導体素子１４０の線路幅（つまり、帯状導体素子の幅であり、さらに換言すれば、第４導体素子１４０の一端からその他端に向かう方向と直交する方向の長さである）は一定である。この場合、好ましくは、第４導体素子１４０の線路幅は第３導体素子１３０の線路幅と等しく、さらに好ましくは、第１導体素子１１０の線路幅と、第２導体素子１２０の線路幅と、第３導体素子１３０の線路幅と、第４導体素子１４０の線路幅は、全て等しい。しかし、インピーダンス整合の観点から、第４導体素子１４０は部分的に異なる線路幅を持っていてもよく、例えば、第４導体素子１４０の一部分の線路幅がその他の部分の線路幅よりも広く、あるいは、狭くてもよい。具体例として、第４導体素子１４０は、第４導体素子１４０の両端部のそれぞれの線路幅が等しく且つその他の部分の線路幅よりも広いステップインピーダンス線路構造を持っていてもよい。なお、第４導体素子１４０が部分的に異なる線路幅を持つ場合であっても、第４導体素子１４０は、第３導体素子１３０を誘電体基板１００の一方の面上で平行移動させ且つ当該面の法線周りに回転させたときに、第３導体素子１３０と一致する形状を有していなければならない。このような第４導体素子１４０の形状を異なる観点から説明すると、第４導体素子１４０は、第２長方形の周に沿って所定の線路幅を持つ長方形ループを第４ギャップ１４０ａを持つように切断して得られる帯状の形状を有している。第４導体素子１４０は、誘電体基板１００の一方の面上で第２導体素子１２０によって囲まれるように配置されている。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the line width of the fourth conductor element 140 (that is, the width of the strip-shaped conductor element, in other words, the width in the direction orthogonal to the direction from one end of the fourth conductor element 140 to the other end). Is constant. In this case, preferably, the line width of the fourth conductor element 140 is equal to the line width of the third conductor element 130, and more preferably, the line width of the first conductor element 110, the line width of the second conductor element 120, The line width of the third conductor element 130 and the line width of the fourth conductor element 140 are all equal. However, from the viewpoint of impedance matching, the fourth conductor element 140 may have partially different line widths. For example, the line width of a part of the fourth conductor element 140 is wider than the line width of the other parts. Alternatively, it may be narrow. As a specific example, the fourth conductor element 140 may have a step impedance line structure in which the line widths at both ends of the fourth conductor element 140 are equal and are wider than the line widths of the other portions. In addition, even when the fourth conductor element 140 has a partially different line width, the fourth conductor element 140 translates the third conductor element 130 on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100, and It must have a shape that matches the third conductor element 130 when rotated about the plane normal. Explaining the shape of the fourth conductor element 140 from a different viewpoint, the fourth conductor element 140 cuts a rectangular loop having a predetermined line width along the circumference of the second rectangle so as to have a fourth gap 140a. It has a belt-like shape obtained by the following. The fourth conductive element 140 is arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100 so as to be surrounded by the second conductive element 120.
＜配置＞
第１導体素子１１０と第２導体素子１２０は、第１ギャップ１１０ａの位置と第２ギャップ１２０ａの位置を除いて、直交する二つの対称軸５０ａ，５０ｂを持つように、配置されている。また、第１ギャップ１１０ａと第２ギャップ１２０ａは、二つの対称軸５０ａ，５０ｂの交点に関して点対称となるように位置している。したがって、第１導体素子１１０と第２導体素子１２０は、二つの対称軸５０ａ，５０ｂの交点を対称点として、点対称となるように配置されている（図３参照）。
<Arrangement>
The first conductor element 110 and the second conductor element 120 are arranged so as to have two orthogonal axes of symmetry 50a and 50b except for the position of the first gap 110a and the position of the second gap 120a. Further, the first gap 110a and the second gap 120a are positioned so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the intersection of the two symmetry axes 50a and 50b. Therefore, the first conductor element 110 and the second conductor element 120 are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the point of intersection of the two symmetry axes 50a and 50b (see FIG. 3).
好ましくは、第１導体素子１１０は、第１導体素子１１０が対称軸５０ａと平行な部分と対称軸５０ｂに平行な部分とで構成されるように、配置されており、同様に、第２導体素子１２０は、第２導体素子１２０が対称軸５０ａと平行な部分と対称軸５０ｂに平行な部分とで構成されるように、配置されている（図３参照）。 Preferably, the first conductor element 110 is arranged such that the first conductor element 110 is composed of a part parallel to the axis of symmetry 50a and a part parallel to the axis of symmetry 50b. The elements 120 are arranged such that the second conductor element 120 is composed of a part parallel to the axis of symmetry 50a and a part parallel to the axis of symmetry 50b (see FIG. 3).
さらに好ましくは、第１導体素子１１０は、第１導体素子１１０のうち第１長方形の長辺に倣った部位が二つの対称軸５０ａ，５０ｂのうち第１導体素子１１０とも第２導体素子１２０とも交わらない対称軸（以下、非交差対称軸と呼称する。図３の例では対称軸５０ａである）と平行となるように、配置されており、第２導体素子１２０は、第２導体素子１２０のうち第１長方形の長辺に倣った部位が非交差対称軸５０ａと平行となるように、配置されている（図３参照）。 More preferably, the first conductor element 110 is such that a portion of the first conductor element 110 following the long side of the first rectangle is the first conductor element 110 or the second conductor element 120 of the two symmetry axes 50a and 50b. The second conductor element 120 is disposed so as to be parallel to an axis of symmetry that does not intersect (hereinafter, referred to as a non-intersecting symmetry axis; in the example of FIG. 3, the axis of symmetry is 50 a). Are arranged so that the part following the long side of the first rectangle is parallel to the non-intersecting symmetry axis 50a (see FIG. 3).
第３導体素子１３０と第４導体素子１４０は、第３ギャップ１３０ａの位置と第４ギャップ１４０ａの位置を除いて、二つの対称軸５０ａ，５０ｂのそれぞれで線対称となるように、配置されている。また、第３ギャップ１３０ａと第４ギャップ１４０ａは、二つの対称軸５０ａ，５０ｂの交点に関して点対称となるように位置している。したがって、第３導体素子１３０と第４導体素子１４０は、上記対称点（つまり、二つの対称軸５０ａ，５０ｂの交点）に関して点対称となるように、配置されている（図３参照）。 The third conductor element 130 and the fourth conductor element 140 are arranged so as to be line-symmetric with each of the two symmetry axes 50a and 50b except for the position of the third gap 130a and the position of the fourth gap 140a. I have. Further, the third gap 130a and the fourth gap 140a are located so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the intersection of the two symmetry axes 50a and 50b. Therefore, the third conductor element 130 and the fourth conductor element 140 are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the symmetry point (that is, the intersection of the two symmetry axes 50a and 50b) (see FIG. 3).
好ましくは、第３導体素子１３０は、第３導体素子１３０が対称軸５０ａと平行な部分と対称軸５０ｂに平行な部分とで構成されるように、配置されており、同様に、第４導体素子１４０は、第４導体素子１４０が対称軸５０ａと平行な部分と対称軸５０ｂに平行な部分とで構成されるように、配置されている（図３参照）。 Preferably, the third conductor element 130 is arranged such that the third conductor element 130 is composed of a portion parallel to the axis of symmetry 50a and a portion parallel to the axis of symmetry 50b. The element 140 is arranged such that the fourth conductor element 140 is composed of a part parallel to the axis of symmetry 50a and a part parallel to the axis of symmetry 50b (see FIG. 3).
さらに好ましくは、第３導体素子１３０は、第３導体素子１３０のうち第２長方形の長辺に倣った部位が第１導体素子１１０のうち第１長方形の長辺に倣った部位と平行となるように、配置されており、第４導体素子１４０は、第４導体素子１４０のうち第２長方形の長辺に倣った部位が第２導体素子１２０のうち第１長方形の長辺に倣った部位と平行となるように、配置されている（図３参照）。 More preferably, in the third conductor element 130, a part of the third conductor element 130 following the long side of the second rectangle is parallel to a part of the first conductor element 110 following the long side of the first rectangle. The fourth conductor element 140 is arranged such that a portion of the fourth conductor element 140 following the long side of the second rectangle is a portion of the second conductor element 120 following the long side of the first rectangle. (See FIG. 3).
さらに、第１接続部１１３と第２接続部１２４は、上記対称点（つまり、二つの対称軸５０ａ，５０ｂの交点）に関して点対称となるように、配置されている（図３参照）。 Further, the first connection portion 113 and the second connection portion 124 are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the symmetry point (that is, the intersection of the two symmetry axes 50a and 50b) (see FIG. 3).
好ましくは、第１接続部１１３は、非交差対称軸５０ａと平行であって非交差対称軸５０ａにより近い第１導体素子１１０の部位の一部と、非交差対称軸５０ａと平行であって非交差対称軸５０ａにより近い第３導体素子１３０の部位の一部と、を最短で接続し、第２接続部１２４は、非交差対称軸５０ａと平行であって非交差対称軸５０ａにより近い第２導体素子１２０の部位の一部と、非交差対称軸５０ａと平行であって非交差対称軸５０ａにより近い第４導体素子１４０の部位の一部と、を最短で接続する（図３参照）。 Preferably, the first connection portion 113 is part of a portion of the first conductive element 110 that is parallel to the non-intersecting symmetry axis 50a and closer to the non-intersecting symmetry axis 50a, A portion of the third conductive element 130 closer to the cross symmetry axis 50a is connected to the part of the third conductor element 130 in the shortest distance, and the second connecting portion 124 is parallel to the non-cross symmetry axis 50a and closer to the non-cross symmetry axis 50a. A part of the part of the conductor element 120 and a part of the part of the fourth conductor element 140 that are parallel to the non-intersecting axis of symmetry 50a and are closer to the non-intersecting axis of symmetry 50a are connected in the shortest distance (see FIG. 3).
さらに好ましくは、第１接続部１１３は、二つの対称軸５０ａ，５０ｂのうち非交差対称軸５０ａではない方の対称軸、つまり対称軸５０ｂ、と平行な線状の導体素子であり、第２接続部１２４は、二つの対称軸５０ａ，５０ｂのうち非交差対称軸５０ａではない方の対称軸、つまり対称軸５０ｂ、と平行な線状の導体素子である（図３参照）。 More preferably, the first connection portion 113 is a linear conductor element parallel to the symmetric axis, which is not the non-intersecting symmetric axis 50a, of the two symmetric axes 50a, 50b, that is, the symmetric axis 50b. The connecting portion 124 is a linear conductor element parallel to the symmetric axis that is not the non-intersecting symmetric axis 50a of the two symmetric axes 50a and 50b, that is, the symmetric axis 50b (see FIG. 3).
＜給電＞
このような円偏波アンテナ１では、第１導体素子１１０の給電部位と第２導体素子１２０の給電部位は、上記対称点（つまり、二つの対称軸５０ａ，５０ｂの交点）に関して点対称となるように位置している（図３参照）。
<Power supply>
In such a circularly polarized antenna 1, the feeding portion of the first conductor element 110 and the feeding portion of the second conductor element 120 are point-symmetric with respect to the above-mentioned symmetry point (that is, the intersection of the two symmetry axes 50a and 50b). (See FIG. 3).
好ましくは、第１導体素子１１０の給電部位は、非交差対称軸５０ａと平行であって非交差対称軸５０ａにより近い第１導体素子１１０の部位の一部または当該一部に接続される導体部であり、第２導体素子１２０の給電部位は、非交差対称軸５０ａと平行であって非交差対称軸５０ａにより近い第２導体素子１２０の部位の一部または当該一部に接続される導体部である（図３参照）。 Preferably, the power supply site of the first conductive element 110 is a part of the part of the first conductive element 110 which is parallel to the non-intersecting symmetry axis 50a and is closer to the non-intersecting symmetry axis 50a, or a conductor part connected to the part. And the power supply site of the second conductor element 120 is a part of the part of the second conductor element 120 parallel to the non-intersecting axis of symmetry 50a and closer to the non-intersecting axis of symmetry 50a or a conductor part connected to the part. (See FIG. 3).
図３に示す円偏波アンテナ１では、第１導体素子１１０の給電部位としてのスタブ状の第５導体素子１７１が第１導体素子１１０に接続されており、第２導体素子１２０の給電部位としてのスタブ状の第６導体素子１７２が第１導体素子１１０に接続されている。 In the circularly polarized antenna 1 shown in FIG. 3, a stub-shaped fifth conductor element 171 as a power supply part of the first conductor element 110 is connected to the first conductor element 110, and a power supply part of the second conductor element 120. The stub-shaped sixth conductor element 172 is connected to the first conductor element 110.
各給電部位に給電するための構成に特段の限定はなく、従来的な構成を採用することができる。図３に示す円偏波アンテナ１では、図示しないものの、例えば、誘電体基板１００の一方の面上にて、第１導体素子１１０と第２導体素子１２０との間に同軸ケーブルを這わせる構成を採用できる。この構成では、同軸ケーブルの内導体が一方の給電部位に接続しており、同軸ケーブルの外導体が他方の給電部位に接続している。或いは、図示しないものの、誘電体基板１００の他方の面に同軸ケーブルを接続し、誘電体基板１００に形成された貫通孔に同軸ケーブルを挿通し、同軸ケーブルの内導体が一方の給電部位に接続し、同軸ケーブルの外導体が他方の給電部位に接続する構成を採用することもできる。 There is no particular limitation on the configuration for supplying power to each power supply portion, and a conventional configuration can be employed. In the circularly polarized antenna 1 shown in FIG. 3, although not shown, for example, a configuration in which a coaxial cable runs between the first conductor element 110 and the second conductor element 120 on one surface of the dielectric substrate 100 Can be adopted. In this configuration, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to one power supply part, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the other power supply part. Alternatively, although not shown, a coaxial cable is connected to the other surface of the dielectric substrate 100, the coaxial cable is inserted into a through-hole formed in the dielectric substrate 100, and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to one power supply portion. However, a configuration in which the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the other power supply site can also be adopted.
＜補記＞
誘電体基板１００の材質（比誘電率など）、形状、大きさ、厚さ、第１長さＬ１、第２長さＬ２、第１導体素子１１０と第２導体素子１２０と第３導体素子１３０と第４導体素子１４０のそれぞれの材質（電気伝導率など）、厚さ、線路幅、第１ギャップ１１０ａと第２ギャップ１２０ａのそれぞれの長さ、第３ギャップ１３０ａと第４ギャップ１４０ａのそれぞれの長さ、第１接続部１１３と第２接続部１２４のそれぞれの材質、形状、大きさ、厚さなどは、設計要求や円偏波アンテナの使用目的などを考慮して適宜に設定される。
<Supplementary note>
The material (dielectric constant, etc.), shape, size, thickness, first length L1, second length L2 of the dielectric substrate 100, the first conductor element 110, the second conductor element 120, and the third conductor element 130 (The electric conductivity etc.), thickness, line width, each length of the first gap 110a and the second gap 120a, each of the third gap 130a and the fourth gap 140a The length, the material, shape, size, thickness, and the like of each of the first connection portion 113 and the second connection portion 124 are appropriately set in consideration of design requirements, the purpose of use of the circularly polarized antenna, and the like.
図３に示す円偏波アンテナ１の構成では、誘電体基板１００の形状は矩形平板状であり、第１導体素子１１０と第２導体素子１２０と第３導体素子１３０と第４導体素子１４０と第１接続部１１３と第２接続部１２４と第５導体素子１７１と第６導体素子１７２のそれぞれは同じ材料（例えば金属）で一体に形成されている。 In the configuration of the circularly polarized antenna 1 shown in FIG. 3, the shape of the dielectric substrate 100 is a rectangular flat plate, and the first conductor element 110, the second conductor element 120, the third conductor element 130, the fourth conductor element 140 Each of the first connection part 113, the second connection part 124, the fifth conductor element 171 and the sixth conductor element 172 is integrally formed of the same material (for example, metal).
＜実施例＞
本発明の実施例を図５に示す。図５に示す実施例の円偏波アンテナでは、第１接続部１１３と第２接続部１２４は対称軸５０ｂ上に位置している。図５に示す実施例の円偏波アンテナは次のような仕様を持つ。なお、記号および採寸については、図５中の寸法線を参照のこと。
誘電体基板の比誘電率：3.0
誘電体基板の厚さ：w_d＝0.135mm
誘電体基板の大きさ：W×H＝133.1mm×127.1mm
第１長方形の周長＝第１長さＬ１＋第１ギャップの長さ＝第１長さＬ１＋第２ギャップの長さ：2(a+b)＝351.3mm
第１長方形のアスペクト比：a/b＝0.5
第１ギャップの長さ＝第２ギャップの長さ：Δs＝6mm
第１導体素子の線路幅＝第２導体素子の線路幅：w_l＝2mm
第１接続部１１３が接続している第１導体素子の部位から第１ギャップまでの距離＝第２接続部１２４が接続している第２導体素子の部位から第２ギャップまでの距離：s＝193.1mm
第１導体素子と第２導体素子との間隔：w＝6mm
第２長方形の周長＝第２長さＬ２＋第３ギャップの長さ＝第２長さＬ２＋第４ギャップの長さ：2(a’+b’)＝275.1mm
第２長方形のアスペクト比：a’/b’＝0.585
第３ギャップの長さ＝第４ギャップの長さ：Δs’＝1.3mm
第３導体素子の線路幅＝第４導体素子の線路幅：w_l’＝2mm
第１接続部１１３が接続している第３導体素子の部位から第３ギャップまでの距離＝第２接続部１２４が接続している第４導体素子の部位から第４ギャップまでの距離：s’＝146.0mm
第３導体素子と第４導体素子との間隔：w’＝13.8mm
第１接続部１１３の長さ＝第２接続部１２４の長さ：w_c＝3.4mm
給電用の第５導体素子の大きさ＝給電用の第６導体素子の大きさ：w_t×l_t＝6mm×4.3mm
給電用の第５導体素子と給電用の第６導体素子との間隔：w_f＝2mm
<Example>
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention. In the circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the first connecting portion 113 and the second connecting portion 124 are located on the axis of symmetry 50b. The circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 has the following specifications. For symbols and measurements, see the dimension lines in FIG.
Dielectric constant of dielectric substrate: 3.0
Thickness of dielectric substrate: w_d = 0.135mm
Size of dielectric substrate: W x H = 133.1 mm x 127.1 mm
Perimeter of first rectangle = First length L1 + First gap length = First length L1 + Second gap length: 2 (a + b) = 351.3 mm
Aspect ratio of the first rectangle: a / b = 0.5
Length of first gap = length of second gap: Δs = 6 mm
Line width of first conductor element = line width of second conductor element: w_l = 2 mm
Distance from the portion of the first conductor element connected to the first connection portion 113 to the first gap = Distance from the portion of the second conductor element connected to the second connection portion 124 to the second gap: s = 193.1mm
Distance between the first conductor element and the second conductor element: w = 6 mm
Perimeter of the second rectangle = second length L2 + third gap length = second length L2 + fourth gap length: 2 (a ′ + b ′) = 275.1 mm
Aspect ratio of the second rectangle: a '/ b' = 0.585
Third gap length = Fourth gap length: Δs ′ = 1.3 mm
Line width of third conductor element = line width of fourth conductor element: w_l ′ = 2 mm
Distance from the portion of the third conductor element connected to the first connection portion 113 to the third gap = distance from the portion of the fourth conductor element connected to the second connection portion 124 to the fourth gap: s ′ = 146.0mm
Distance between the third conductor element and the fourth conductor element: w '= 13.8 mm
Length of first connection portion 113 = length of second connection portion 124: w_c = 3.4 mm
The size of the fifth conductive element for power supply = the size of the sixth conductive element for power supply: w_t × l_t = 6 mm × 4.3 mm
Distance between the fifth conductor element for power supply and the sixth conductor element for power supply: w_f = 2 mm
図６は実施例の円偏波アンテナのVSWR周波数特性を示す。図６から、1.2GHz帯（中心周波数1227MHz）と1.5GHz帯（中心周波数1575MHz）のそれぞれにおいて良好なインピーダンス整合（VSWR<=2）が得られていることがわかる。 FIG. 6 shows VSWR frequency characteristics of the circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment. FIG. 6 shows that good impedance matching (VSWR <= 2) is obtained in each of the 1.2 GHz band (center frequency 1227 MHz) and the 1.5 GHz band (center frequency 1575 MHz).
図７は実施例の円偏波アンテナの軸比周波数特性を示す。図７から、1.2GHz帯（中心周波数1227MHz）と1.5GHz帯（中心周波数1575MHz）のそれぞれにおいて良好な軸比特性（AR<=3dB）が得られていることがわかる。 FIG. 7 shows the axial ratio frequency characteristics of the circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment. FIG. 7 shows that good axial ratio characteristics (AR <= 3 dB) are obtained in each of the 1.2 GHz band (center frequency 1227 MHz) and the 1.5 GHz band (center frequency 1575 MHz).
図８は実施例の円偏波アンテナの入力インピーダンスの周波数特性を示す。図８から、1.2GHz帯（中心周波数1227MHz）と1.5GHz帯（中心周波数1575MHz）のそれぞれにおいて、入力インピーダンスのレジスタンス成分は75Ω程度であり、入力インピーダンスのリアクタンス成分はほぼゼロであり、良好な入力インピーダンス特性が得られていることがわかる。 FIG. 8 shows the frequency characteristics of the input impedance of the circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment. From FIG. 8, in each of the 1.2 GHz band (center frequency 1227 MHz) and the 1.5 GHz band (center frequency 1575 MHz), the resistance component of the input impedance is about 75Ω, the reactance component of the input impedance is almost zero, and a good input is obtained. It can be seen that the impedance characteristics are obtained.
図９および図１０は実施例の円偏波アンテナの放射パターンを示す。図９および図１０から、1.2GHz帯（中心周波数1227MHz）と1.5GHz帯（中心周波数1575MHz）のそれぞれにおいて、天頂方向においてゲインが最大となる良好な右旋円偏波が得られていることがわかる。 9 and 10 show radiation patterns of the circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment. From FIGS. 9 and 10, it can be seen that in each of the 1.2 GHz band (center frequency of 1227 MHz) and the 1.5 GHz band (center frequency of 1575 MHz), good right-handed circularly polarized waves with the maximum gain in the zenith direction are obtained. Understand.
実施形態と実施例から明らかなように、上述した円偏波アンテナは、誘電体基板と誘電体基板の一方の面に配置された複数の導体素子とで構成されており、当該円偏波アンテナのインピーダンス特性および軸比特性はそれぞれ良好であり、さらに、当該円偏波アンテナは複数の周波数帯で送受信できることがわかる。 As is clear from the embodiment and the examples, the above-described circularly polarized antenna includes a dielectric substrate and a plurality of conductor elements arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate. It can be seen that the impedance characteristics and the axial ratio characteristics are good, and that the circularly polarized antenna can transmit and receive in a plurality of frequency bands.
＜変形例＞
この他、本発明は上述の実施形態や実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更が可能である。
<Modification>
In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
例えば、４個のギャップの位置を変更することによって、左旋円偏波の送受信を行うこともできる。 For example, by changing the positions of the four gaps, transmission and reception of left-hand circularly polarized waves can be performed.
また、アイソレーションの大きいスイッチ（例えばMEMSスイッチ）を使用することによって、右旋円偏波と左旋円偏波を切り換えることもできる。この具体的な一例として、図１１に示す円偏波アンテナ２のように、右旋円偏波を得られる４個のギャップの位置に加えて、対称軸５０ｂに関して４個のギャップの位置と線対称の４個の位置にもギャップを設け、これら８個のギャップのそれぞれにアイソレーションの大きいスイッチ１１０ｂ，１１０ｃ，１２０ｂ，１２０ｃ，１３０ｂ，１３０ｃ，１４０ｂ，１４０ｃを設置する。図１１に示す例では、スイッチ１１０ｂ，１１０ｃ，１２０ｂ，１２０ｃが設置される各ギャップのサイズは同じであり、スイッチ１３０ｂ，１３０ｃ，１４０ｂ，１４０ｃが設置される各ギャップのサイズは同じである。図１１では図示していないが、各スイッチにはスイッチのONとOFFを切り換え制御するための回路等が接続されている。右旋円偏波を得られる４個のギャップの位置に設置されたスイッチ１１０ｂ，１２０ｂ，１３０ｂ，１４０ｂをOFF（オープン）とし、残りのスイッチ１１０ｃ，１２０ｃ，１３０ｃ，１４０ｃをON（クローズ）とすることによって、右旋円偏波の送受信が実現し、右旋円偏波を得られる４個のギャップの位置に設置されたスイッチ１１０ｂ，１２０ｂ，１３０ｂ，１４０ｂをON（クローズ）とし、残りのスイッチ１１０ｃ，１２０ｃ，１３０ｃ，１４０ｃをOFF（オープン）とすることによって、左旋円偏波の送受信が実現する。 Further, by using a switch having a large isolation (for example, a MEMS switch), it is possible to switch between right-handed circular polarization and left-handed circular polarization. As a specific example of this, in addition to the positions of the four gaps where a right-handed circularly polarized wave can be obtained, as in the circularly polarized antenna 2 shown in FIG. 11, the positions and lines of the four gaps with respect to the axis of symmetry 50b. Gaps are also provided at four symmetrical positions, and switches 110b, 110c, 120b, 120c, 130b, 130c, 140b, and 140c having large isolation are provided in each of these eight gaps. In the example shown in FIG. 11, the size of each gap where the switches 110b, 110c, 120b and 120c are installed is the same, and the size of each gap where the switches 130b, 130c, 140b and 140c are installed is the same. Although not shown in FIG. 11, a circuit or the like for controlling switching of the switches between ON and OFF is connected to each switch. The switches 110b, 120b, 130b, 140b installed at the positions of the four gaps where a right-handed circularly polarized wave can be obtained are turned off (open), and the remaining switches 110c, 120c, 130c, 140c are turned on (closed). As a result, transmission and reception of right-handed circularly polarized waves are realized, and switches 110b, 120b, 130b, and 140b installed at positions of four gaps where right-handed circularly polarized waves can be obtained are turned on (closed), and the remaining switches By turning off (opening) 110c, 120c, 130c, and 140c, transmission and reception of left-hand circularly polarized waves are realized.
円偏波アンテナ２では、動作周波数帯を変更せず右旋円偏波と左旋円偏波との切り換えが可能な構成を持っている。しかし、このような構成に限定されるものではない。スイッチが設置されるギャップの位置とサイズを適切に定めることによって、動作周波数帯のみの変更が可能な構成の円偏波アンテナを実現することもできるし、動作周波数帯の変更と右旋円偏波と左旋円偏波との切り換えの両方が可能な構成の円偏波アンテナを実現することもできる。 The circularly polarized antenna 2 has a configuration capable of switching between right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized waves without changing the operating frequency band. However, the present invention is not limited to such a configuration. By appropriately determining the position and size of the gap where the switch is installed, it is possible to realize a circularly polarized antenna having a configuration in which only the operating frequency band can be changed. It is also possible to realize a circularly polarized antenna having a configuration capable of switching both waves and left-handed circularly polarized waves.
上述の円偏波アンテナ１あるいは円偏波アンテナ２は例えばプリントアンテナとして実施可能であるものの、誘電体基板１００を用いずに本発明を実施することも可能である。誘電体基板を用いない本発明の実施形態（以下、変形実施形態と呼称する）の一例を円偏波アンテナ１の構造に則して説明する。なお、以下の説明において「円偏波アンテナ１」を「円偏波アンテナ２」に読み替えて理解することも可能である。 Although the above-described circularly polarized antenna 1 or 2 can be implemented as, for example, a printed antenna, the present invention can be implemented without using the dielectric substrate 100. An example of an embodiment of the present invention that uses no dielectric substrate (hereinafter, referred to as a modified embodiment) will be described based on the structure of the circularly polarized antenna 1. In the following description, "the circularly polarized antenna 1" can be replaced with "the circularly polarized antenna 2" to be understood.
変形実施形態の円偏波アンテナ３（図１２参照）は、円偏波アンテナ１の上記構成から誘電体基板１００を除去した構造に、反射板を付加した構成を持つ。換言すれば、円偏波アンテナ３は、主要な構成要素として、第１導体素子１１０と、第２導体素子１２０と、第３導体素子１３０と、第４導体素子１４０と、第１導体素子１１０と第３導体素子１３０とを接続する第１接続部１１３と、第２導体素子１２０と第４導体素子１４０とを接続する第２接続部１２４と、第１導体素子１１０の給電部位としての第５導体素子１７１と、第２導体素子１２０の給電部位としての第６導体素子１７２と、反射板１９０を含んでいる。 The circularly polarized antenna 3 of the modified embodiment (see FIG. 12) has a configuration in which a reflector is added to the structure of the circularly polarized antenna 1 in which the dielectric substrate 100 is removed. In other words, the circularly polarized antenna 3 includes, as main components, the first conductor element 110, the second conductor element 120, the third conductor element 130, the fourth conductor element 140, and the first conductor element 110 A first connecting portion 113 connecting the second conductive element 120 to the third conductive element 130; a second connecting portion 124 connecting the second conductive element 120 to the fourth conductive element 140; It includes a five-conductor element 171, a sixth conductor element 172 as a power supply part of the second conductor element 120, and a reflector 190.
円偏波アンテナ３において、第１導体素子１１０と第２導体素子１２０と第３導体素子１３０と第４導体素子１４０と第１接続部１１３と第２接続部１２４と第５導体素子１７１と第６導体素子１７２のそれぞれは同一平面Ｐ１上に配置されており、反射板１９０は、平面Ｐ１と平行であって平面Ｐ１から４分の１波長程度の長さＬ３だけ離れた平面Ｐ２上に配置されている。 In the circularly polarized antenna 3, the first conductor element 110, the second conductor element 120, the third conductor element 130, the fourth conductor element 140, the first connection part 113, the second connection part 124, the fifth conductor element 171 and the Each of the six conductor elements 172 is arranged on the same plane P1, and the reflector 190 is arranged on a plane P2 parallel to the plane P1 and separated from the plane P1 by a length L3 of about a quarter wavelength. Have been.
反射板１９０の材質（電気伝導率など）、形状、大きさ、厚さなどは、設計要求や円偏波アンテナの使用目的などを考慮して適宜に設定される。一例として、反射板１９０は、円偏波アンテナ３を正視したときに（つまり、図１２（ａ）の紙面の手前、あるいは、図１２（ｂ）の紙面上側から見たとき）、（ア）少なくとも第１導体素子１１０と第２導体素子１２０と第３導体素子１３０と第４導体素子１４０と第１接続部１１３と第２接続部１２４を内部に含む最小の長方形（以下、最小長方形と呼称する）の面積よりも大きい面積を持ち、且つ、（イ）円偏波アンテナ３を正視したときに、少なくとも第１導体素子１１０と第２導体素子１２０と第３導体素子１３０と第４導体素子１４０と第１接続部１１３と第２接続部１２４とオーバーラップするように配置されており、さらに好ましくは、（ウ）円偏波アンテナ３を正視したときに、最小長方形の中心と反射板１９０の幾何学的中心（例えば、反射板１９０が円板であれば円の中心が「反射板１９０の幾何学的中心」であり、反射板１９０が正方形平板であれば正方形の対角線が交わる位置が「反射板１９０の幾何学的中心」である）とが一致するように配置されている。 The material (such as electrical conductivity), shape, size, thickness, and the like of the reflector 190 are appropriately set in consideration of design requirements, the intended use of the circularly polarized antenna, and the like. As an example, when the reflector 190 is viewed from the front of the circularly polarized antenna 3 (that is, when viewed from the front of the paper of FIG. 12A or from the upper side of the paper of FIG. 12B), (A) A minimum rectangle including at least the first conductor element 110, the second conductor element 120, the third conductor element 130, the fourth conductor element 140, the first connection part 113, and the second connection part 124 (hereinafter referred to as a minimum rectangle) And (a) when the circularly polarized antenna 3 is viewed from the front, at least the first conductor element 110, the second conductor element 120, the third conductor element 130, and the fourth conductor element. 140, the first connecting portion 113, and the second connecting portion 124 are arranged so as to overlap each other. More preferably, when the (c) circularly polarized antenna 3 is viewed from the front, the center of the minimum rectangle and the reflecting plate 190 are formed. Geometry Center (for example, if the reflector 190 is a disc, the center of the circle is the “geometric center of the reflector 190”, and if the reflector 190 is a square plate, the position where the diagonal of the square intersects is “the reflector 190”. And the geometric center of ").
また、ここで波長とは、円偏波アンテナの複数の動作周波数帯を考慮して決められる周波数に対応する波長である。例えば、上記の実施例の場合、1.2GHz帯の中心周波数1227MHzと1.5GHz帯の中心周波数1575MHzを考慮してその中間周波数である1400MHzに対応する波長の４分の１の長さＬ３を平面Ｐ１と平面Ｐ２との距離とする。平面Ｐ１と平面Ｐ２との距離を４分の１波長程度の長さＬ３とすることによって、円偏波アンテナの天頂方向（図５（ａ）に図示される＋Ｚ方向）のアンテナ利得を大きくすることができる。 Here, the wavelength is a wavelength corresponding to a frequency determined in consideration of a plurality of operating frequency bands of the circularly polarized antenna. For example, in the case of the above embodiment, considering the center frequency of 1227 MHz in the 1.2 GHz band and the center frequency of 1575 MHz in the 1.5 GHz band, the length L3 of a quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the intermediate frequency of 1400 MHz is defined as the plane P1. And the distance between the plane P2. By making the distance between the plane P1 and the plane P2 a length L3 of about a quarter wavelength, the antenna gain in the zenith direction (+ Z direction shown in FIG. 5A) of the circularly polarized antenna is increased. be able to.
円偏波アンテナ３において、各給電部位に給電するための構成に特段の限定はなく、従来的な構成を採用することができる。円偏波アンテナ３では、図示しないものの、例えば、第１導体素子１１０と第２導体素子１２０との間に同軸ケーブルを配置する構成を採用できる。この構成では、同軸ケーブルの内導体が一方の給電部位に接続しており、同軸ケーブルの外導体が他方の給電部位に接続している。或いは、図示しないものの、反射板１９０に形成された貫通孔に同軸ケーブルを挿通し、同軸ケーブルの内導体が一方の給電部位に接続し、同軸ケーブルの外導体が他方の給電部位に接続し、同軸ケーブルが円偏波アンテナ３から反射板１９０を除外した構造部分（つまり、第１導体素子１１０と第２導体素子１２０と第３導体素子１３０と第４導体素子１４０と第１接続部１１３と第２接続部１２４と第５導体素子１７１と第６導体素子１７２）を支持する構成を採用することもできる。もちろん、反射板１９０に一つまたは複数の絶縁体の支持部材を取り付け、この支持部材で円偏波アンテナ３から反射板１９０を除外した構造部分を支持する構成を採用してもよい。 In the circularly polarized wave antenna 3, there is no particular limitation on the configuration for supplying power to each power supply portion, and a conventional configuration can be employed. Although not shown, the circularly polarized antenna 3 can adopt a configuration in which, for example, a coaxial cable is arranged between the first conductor element 110 and the second conductor element 120. In this configuration, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to one power supply part, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the other power supply part. Alternatively, although not shown, a coaxial cable is inserted into a through hole formed in the reflection plate 190, an inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to one power supply portion, and an outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the other power supply portion, The coaxial cable has a structure in which the reflection plate 190 is excluded from the circularly polarized antenna 3 (that is, the first conductor element 110, the second conductor element 120, the third conductor element 130, the fourth conductor element 140, the first connection part 113 A configuration that supports the second connection part 124, the fifth conductor element 171 and the sixth conductor element 172) can also be adopted. Of course, a configuration may be adopted in which one or a plurality of insulator support members are attached to the reflection plate 190, and the support member supports a structural part excluding the reflection plate 190 from the circularly polarized wave antenna 3.
Claims (4)
上記第１長方形の周に倣っており且つ少なくとも第２ギャップを介して互いに対向している二つの端部を持つ帯状の形状を有し、上記第１導体素子が配置されている平面上にて上記第１導体素子と接触しないように配置されている、第２導体素子と、
上記第１長方形の長辺よりも短い長辺を持つ第２長方形の周に倣っており且つ少なくとも第３ギャップを介して互いに対向している二つの端部を持つ帯状の形状を有し、上記平面上にて上記第１導体素子によって囲まれるように配置されている、第３導体素子と、
上記第２長方形の周に倣っており且つ少なくとも第４ギャップを介して互いに対向している二つの端部を持つ帯状の形状を有し、上記平面上にて上記第２導体素子によって囲まれるように配置されている、第４導体素子と、
上記平面上で上記第１導体素子と上記第３導体素子とを接続する第１接続部と、
上記平面上で上記第２導体素子と上記第４導体素子とを接続する第２接続部と
を含み、
上記第１導体素子と上記第２導体素子は、予め定められた対称点に関して点対称となるように、配置されており、
上記第３導体素子と上記第４導体素子は、上記対称点に関して点対称となるように、配置されており、
上記第１接続部と上記第２接続部は、上記対称点に関して点対称となるように、配置されており、
上記第１導体素子の給電部位と上記第２導体素子の給電部位は、上記対称点に関して点対称となるように位置している
円偏波アンテナ。 A first conductive element having a band-like shape having two ends following the circumference of a first rectangle having a predetermined size and opposed to each other via at least a first gap;
It has a band-like shape having two ends following the periphery of the first rectangle and facing each other via at least a second gap, on a plane on which the first conductive element is arranged. A second conductor element arranged so as not to contact the first conductor element;
A belt-like shape having two ends following the periphery of the second rectangle having a longer side shorter than the longer side of the first rectangle and facing each other via at least a third gap; A third conductor element disposed so as to be surrounded by the first conductor element on a plane;
It has a band-like shape following the circumference of the second rectangle and having two ends facing each other via at least a fourth gap, and is surrounded by the second conductive element on the plane. A fourth conductive element,
A first connection portion connecting the first conductor element and the third conductor element on the plane;
A second connection portion connecting the second conductor element and the fourth conductor element on the plane;
The first conductor element and the second conductor element are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to a predetermined symmetry point,
The third conductor element and the fourth conductor element are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the symmetry point,
The first connection portion and the second connection portion are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the symmetry point.
A circularly polarized antenna, wherein the power supply part of the first conductor element and the power supply part of the second conductor element are located so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the symmetry point.
上記第１導体素子は、上記第１導体素子のうち上記第１長方形の長辺に倣った部位が上記点対称による二つの対称軸のうち上記第１導体素子とも上記第２導体素子とも交わらない対称軸（以下、非交差対称軸と呼称する）と平行となるように、配置されており、
上記第２導体素子は、上記第２導体素子のうち上記第１長方形の長辺に倣った部位が上記非交差対称軸と平行となるように、配置されている
ことを特徴とする円偏波アンテナ。 The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1,
In the first conductive element, a portion of the first conductive element following the long side of the first rectangle does not cross the first conductive element or the second conductive element among the two symmetry axes based on the point symmetry. Are arranged so as to be parallel to the axis of symmetry (hereinafter referred to as non-intersecting axis of symmetry),
The said 2nd conductor element is arrange | positioned so that the site | part following the said 1st rectangle long side of the said 2nd conductor element may become parallel to the said non-cross symmetry axis | shaft, The circularly polarized wave characterized by the above-mentioned. antenna.
上記第３導体素子は、上記第３導体素子のうち上記第２長方形の長辺に倣った部位が上記第１導体素子のうち上記第１長方形の長辺に倣った部位と平行となるように、配置されており、
上記第４導体素子は、上記第４導体素子のうち上記第２長方形の長辺に倣った部位が上記第２導体素子のうち上記第１長方形の長辺に倣った部位と平行となるように、配置されている
ことを特徴とする円偏波アンテナ。 The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1 or 2,
The third conductor element is configured such that a portion of the third conductor element that follows the long side of the second rectangle is parallel to a portion of the first conductor element that follows the long side of the first rectangle. , Are located,
The fourth conductor element may be configured such that a portion of the fourth conductor element that follows the long side of the second rectangle is parallel to a portion of the second conductor element that follows the long side of the first rectangle. And a circularly polarized antenna.
上記第１導体素子と上記第２導体素子と上記第３導体素子と上記第４導体素子と上記第１接続部と上記第２接続部を内部に含む最小の長方形の面積よりも大きい面積を持ち、且つ、当該円偏波アンテナを正視したときに、少なくとも上記第１導体素子と上記第２導体素子と上記第３導体素子と上記第４導体素子と上記第１接続部と上記第２接続部とオーバーラップするように、上記平面と平行であって上記平面から所定の長さだけ離れた平面上に配置されている、反射板を含む
ことを特徴とする円偏波アンテナ。 The circularly polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The first conductor element, the second conductor element, the third conductor element, the fourth conductor element, the first connection portion, and an area larger than a minimum rectangular area including the second connection portion therein. When the circularly polarized antenna is viewed from the front, at least the first conductor element, the second conductor element, the third conductor element, the fourth conductor element, the first connection part, and the second connection part A circularly polarized antenna, comprising: a reflector disposed on a plane parallel to the plane and separated by a predetermined length from the plane so as to overlap with the plane.
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