JP6635607B2 - Energy absorption mechanism and wooden building - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、木造建物に用いるエネルギー吸収機構に関する。 The present invention relates to an energy absorbing mechanism used for a wooden building.
一般的な木造建物は、柱及び横架材（梁及び土台）の軸組で構成されている。しかし、このような軸組のみでは地震や台風などに十分に抵抗できないことから、軸組に筋交いや面材を追加するなどして、木造建物の剛性および耐力を高めるようにしている。 A typical wooden building is composed of a frame of columns and horizontal members (beams and bases). However, since such a frame alone cannot sufficiently resist earthquakes, typhoons, and the like, the rigidity and the proof strength of the wooden building are increased by adding bracing or surface materials to the frame.
また、上記の構造において、柱又は横架材と筋交いとの間に取り付けることにより、エネルギーを吸収するダンパが提案されている。（例えば、特許文献１、特許文献２参照）。 In addition, in the above structure, a damper that absorbs energy by being attached between a column or a transverse member and a brace has been proposed. (For example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
特許文献１、特許文献２に記載の発明は、減衰材と高剛性部材を備えるダンパにより、地震等の振動によるエネルギーを吸収しようとするものである。なお、これら特許文献は、本願の発明者が発明したものであり、発明者は従来よりも効果的にエネルギーを吸収すべく鋭意研究を重ね、本願の発明をなした。 The inventions described in Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 attempt to absorb energy due to vibration such as an earthquake by a damper including a damping material and a high-rigidity member. Note that these patent documents were invented by the inventor of the present application, and the inventor has conducted intensive research to absorb energy more effectively than before, and made the present invention.
本願の発明者は、ダンパ等のエネルギー吸収機構を構成する部材のバネ定数が極めて重要なファクターであることを見いだした。特許文献１及び２の記載によれば、減衰材等の特性としてせん断弾性率、等価粘性減衰定数を規定して、効果的なエネルギー吸収を得ようとするものである。 The inventor of the present application has found that the spring constant of a member constituting an energy absorbing mechanism such as a damper is a very important factor. According to the descriptions of Patent Documents 1 and 2, the shear elastic modulus and the equivalent viscous damping constant are defined as characteristics of the damping material and the like, and an effective energy absorption is obtained.
しかし、これらは減衰材等の形状、例えば高減衰ゴムの形状（接着面の表面積×厚さ）によって、バネ定数は大きく変化する。すなわち、せん断弾性率が同一のゴムであっても、筋交いに生じる引張・圧縮によるせん断力が作用する接着面の表面積が同一である場合、厚さが小さくなるとバネ定数は大きくなり、厚さが大きくなるとバネ定数は小さくなる。 However, the spring constant greatly changes depending on the shape of the damping material or the like, for example, the shape of the high damping rubber (the surface area of the bonding surface × the thickness). In other words, even if rubber has the same shear modulus, if the surface area of the adhesive surface where the shear force due to tension and compression generated at the brace acts is the same, the spring constant increases as the thickness decreases, and the thickness increases. As the value increases, the spring constant decreases.
このバネ定数が大き過ぎると、減衰材が変形することなく、振動によるエネルギーを吸収できず、ネジやボルトなどの締結部分に応力がかかり、変形が生じて破壊される。一方、バネ定数が小さ過ぎると、十分な剛性が確保できない。このように、バネ定数は制振において極めて大きなファクターである。 If the spring constant is too large, the damping material does not deform, cannot absorb energy due to vibration, and stress is applied to fastening parts such as screws and bolts, causing deformation and destruction. On the other hand, if the spring constant is too small, sufficient rigidity cannot be secured. Thus, the spring constant is an extremely large factor in damping.
そして、本願の発明者は、さらに研究を重ねることによって、エネルギー吸収機構を構成する２つのバネ部材の相関を見いだし、より効果的な制振効果を奏するエネルギー吸収機構を発明した。 The inventor of the present application has further studied and found a correlation between the two spring members constituting the energy absorbing mechanism, and has invented an energy absorbing mechanism having a more effective vibration damping effect.
以上のように、本発明の目的は、エネルギー吸収機構を構成する２つの部材を規定することにより、振動によるエネルギーに対する減衰能力及び靭性能力の向上を図り、従来よりも制振効果の高いエネルギー吸収機構を提供することにある。 As described above, the object of the present invention is to improve the damping ability and toughness ability for energy due to vibration by defining two members constituting an energy absorbing mechanism, and to achieve an energy absorbing effect having a higher vibration damping effect than before. It is to provide a mechanism.
本発明に係る一の態様のエネルギー吸収機構は、鉛直方向に延びる一対の柱材と、水平方向に延びる一対の構造材と、当該柱材と当該構造材との一の接合部と他の接合部を結ぶ対角線方向に延びる筋交い材とを備える木造建物に用いられ、前記柱材及び／又は前記構造材と、前記筋交い材と、に固定されるエネルギー吸収機構であって、第１のバネ部と、第２のバネ部と、を備え、前記第１のバネ部は、第１バネ定数Ｋ１が１．０〜２５．０ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲内であり、前記第２のバネ部は、第２バネ定数Ｋ２が３．０〜５０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲内であり、下記数式１を満たし、かつ、下記数式２により導き出されるＫの数値が、０．５〜２０．０の範囲内であることを特徴とする。
Ｋ１＜Ｋ２ ・・・（数式１）
Ｋ＝（Ｋ１×Ｋ２）／（Ｋ１＋Ｋ２） ・・・（数式２）
An energy absorbing mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of pillars extending in a vertical direction, a pair of structural members extending in a horizontal direction, one joining portion of the pillar and the structural material, and another joining portion. An energy absorbing mechanism used for a wooden building provided with a brace extending in a diagonal direction connecting portions, and fixed to the pillar and / or the structural material and the brace, and a first spring portion And a second spring portion, wherein the first spring portion has a first spring constant K1 in a range of 1.0 to 25.0 kN / mm, and the second spring portion has (2) The spring constant K2 is in the range of 3.0 to 50.0 kN / mm, and satisfies the following expression 1, and the value of K derived by the following expression 2 is in the range of 0.5 to 20.0. There is a feature.
K1 <K2 (Equation 1)
K = (K1 × K2) / (K1 + K2) (Equation 2)
この構成によれば、第１のバネ部及び第２のバネ部を具備するエネルギー吸収機構により、振動エネルギーに対する減衰能力及び靭性能力を向上し、効果的な制振効果を得ることができる。また、筋交い材と、柱材又は構造材との間にクリアランスが形成されるため、筋交いの圧縮及び引張りのいずれの方向にもエネルギー吸収機構を効かせることができる。これにより、地震などの揺れによるエネルギーを効率良く吸収する。ここで、第１のバネ部及び第２のバネ部を具備するエネルギー吸収機構には、例えばゴムと金属など異なる部材を組み合わせたものや、金属などの同素材が連続して構成され、バネ定数が異なる第１の部分と第２の部分を具備するものが含まれる。 According to this configuration, the energy absorbing mechanism including the first spring portion and the second spring portion can improve the damping ability and the toughness for vibration energy, and obtain an effective vibration damping effect. Further, since a clearance is formed between the brace member and the column member or the structural member, the energy absorbing mechanism can be made effective in both the compression and tension directions of the brace. Thereby, energy due to shaking such as an earthquake is efficiently absorbed. Here, the energy absorbing mechanism including the first spring portion and the second spring portion is composed of, for example, a combination of different members such as rubber and metal, or the same material such as metal, and a spring constant. Include a first part and a second part which are different from each other.
また、第１バネ定数Ｋ１が１．０ｋＮ／ｍｍ未満であると耐震性能が低すぎて耐震要素として成り立たず、２０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍを超えると強度が高すぎて吸収性能を発揮できない。また、第２バネ定数Ｋ１が３．０ｋＮ／ｍｍ未満であると固定部が先に変形してしまい耐震要素として成り立たず、５０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍを超えると強度が高すぎて吸収性能を発揮できない。また、好ましくは、第１バネ定数Ｋ１が１．０〜１２．０ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲内、第２バネ定数Ｋ２が５．０〜５０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲内、Ｋの数値が１．０〜１２．０の範囲内である。 On the other hand, if the first spring constant K1 is less than 1.0 kN / mm, the seismic performance is too low to form a seismic element, and if it exceeds 20.0 kN / mm, the strength is too high to exhibit absorption performance. Further, if the second spring constant K1 is less than 3.0 kN / mm, the fixed portion is deformed first and does not work as a seismic element. If it exceeds 50.0 kN / mm, the strength is too high to exhibit absorption performance. . Preferably, the first spring constant K1 is in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 kN / mm, the second spring constant K2 is in the range of 5.0 to 50.0 kN / mm, and the value of K is 1.0. １12.0.
また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記接合部において、前記筋交い材の端部と、前記柱材又は前記構造材との間にクリアランスを設けて設置される。この構成によれば、筋交い材と、柱材又は構造材との間にクリアランスが形成されるため、筋交いの圧縮及び引張りのいずれの方向にもエネルギー吸収機構を効かせることができる。これにより、地震などの揺れによるエネルギーを効率良く吸収する。 Further, the energy absorbing mechanism is provided with a clearance provided between the end of the brace member and the column member or the structural member at the joint. According to this configuration, since a clearance is formed between the brace member and the column member or the structural member, the energy absorbing mechanism can be effective in both the compression and tension directions of the brace. Thereby, energy due to shaking such as an earthquake is efficiently absorbed.
本発明に係る一の態様のエネルギー吸収機構は、鉛直方向に延びる一対の柱材と、水平方向に延びる一対の構造材と、一方の柱材の中央から、他方の柱材と当該構造材との接合部に向けて延びる筋交い材とを備える木造建物に用いられ、前記柱材及び／又は前記構造材と、前記筋交い材と、に固定されるエネルギー吸収機構であって、第１のバネ部と、第２のバネ部と、を備え、前記第１のバネ部は、第１バネ定数Ｋ１が０．５〜２０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲内であり、前記第２のバネ部は、第２バネ定数Ｋ２が３．０〜５０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲内であり、前記の数式１を満たし、かつ、前記の数式２により導き出されるＫの数値が、０．５〜１２．０の範囲内であることを特徴とする。また、第１バネ定数Ｋ１、第２バネ定数Ｋ２の範囲の上下限については、前記と同様である。また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記筋交い材の端部と、前記柱材又は前記構造材との間にクリアランスが生じるように設置されてもよい。 The energy absorption mechanism according to one aspect of the present invention includes a pair of pillars extending in a vertical direction, a pair of structural members extending in a horizontal direction, and the other pillar and the structural member from the center of one pillar. An energy absorbing mechanism used for a wooden building having a brace extending toward a joint of the first spring portion, the energy absorbing mechanism being fixed to the pillar and / or the structural material and the brace. And a second spring portion, wherein the first spring portion has a first spring constant K1 in a range of 0.5 to 20.0 kN / mm, and the second spring portion has (2) The spring constant K2 is in the range of 3.0 to 50.0 kN / mm, and satisfies the above formula 1, and the value of K derived by the above formula 2 is in the range of 0.5 to 12.0. It is characterized by being within. The upper and lower limits of the range of the first spring constant K1 and the second spring constant K2 are the same as described above. The energy absorbing mechanism may be installed such that a clearance is generated between an end of the brace member and the column member or the structural member.
本発明に係る一の態様のエネルギー吸収機構は、鉛直方向に延びる一対の柱材と、水平方向に延びる一対の構造材と、当該柱材と当該構造材との接合部に設置されるほおづえ型の筋交い材とを備える木造建物に用いられ、前記柱材及び／又は前記構造材と、前記筋交い材と、に固定されるエネルギー吸収機構であって、第１のバネ部と、第２のバネ部と、を備え、前記第１のバネ部は、第１バネ定数Ｋ１が１．０〜２０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲内であり、前記第２のバネ部は、第２バネ定数Ｋ２が３．０〜５０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲内であり、前記の数式１を満たし、かつ、前記の数式２により導き出されるＫの数値が、０．５〜２０．０の範囲内であることを特徴とする。また、第１バネ定数Ｋ１、第２バネ定数Ｋ２の範囲の上下限については、前記と同様である。また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記筋交い材の端部と、前記柱材又は前記構造材との間にクリアランスが生じるように設置されてもよい。 An energy absorbing mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of vertically extending column members, a pair of horizontally extending structural members, and a joint installed between the column members and the structural members. An energy absorbing mechanism used for a wooden building having a type of brace material and fixed to the column material and / or the structural material and the brace material, wherein a first spring portion, a second A spring portion, wherein the first spring portion has a first spring constant K1 in a range of 1.0 to 20.0 kN / mm, and the second spring portion has a second spring constant K2. 3.0 to 50.0 kN / mm, which satisfies the above formula 1, and the numerical value of K derived by the above formula 2 is in the range of 0.5 to 20.0. Features. The upper and lower limits of the range of the first spring constant K1 and the second spring constant K2 are the same as described above. The energy absorbing mechanism may be installed such that a clearance is generated between an end of the brace member and the column member or the structural member.
また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記クリアランスに、エネルギー吸収材が配されている。この構成によれば、建物の揺れを別途配されるエネルギー吸収材によっても吸収することができる。ここで、エネルギー吸収材の材質は、例えば金属、鋼材、粘弾性体、弾性体、粘性体であり、また弾性体と鋼材の組み合わせなど、これらを複数組み合わせたエネルギー吸収材としてもよい。 In this energy absorbing mechanism, an energy absorbing material is provided in the clearance. According to this configuration, the shaking of the building can be absorbed by the energy absorbing material separately provided. Here, the material of the energy absorbing material is, for example, a metal, a steel material, a viscoelastic material, an elastic material, or a viscous material, and may be an energy absorbing material obtained by combining a plurality of them, such as a combination of an elastic material and a steel material.
本発明に係る一の態様のエネルギー吸収機構は、鉛直方向に延びる一対の柱材と、水平方向に延びる一対の構造材と、当該柱材と当該構造材とにより構成される枠に設置される壁材とを備える木造建物に用いられ、前記柱材及び／又は前記構造材と、前記壁材と、の間に固定されるエネルギー吸収機構であって、第１のバネ部と、第２のバネ部と、を備え、前記第１のバネ部は、第１バネ定数Ｋ１が０．２〜２０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲内であり、前記第２のバネ部は、第２バネ定数Ｋ２が３．０〜５０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲内であり、前記の数式１を満たし、かつ、前記の数式２により導き出されるＫの数値が、０．１〜２０．０の範囲内であることを特徴とする。また、第１バネ定数Ｋ１、第２バネ定数Ｋ２の範囲の上下限については、前記と同様である。 An energy absorbing mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention is installed in a frame constituted by a pair of columns extending in a vertical direction, a pair of structural members extending in a horizontal direction, and the column and the structural material. An energy absorbing mechanism used for a wooden building including a wall material and fixed between the column material and / or the structural material and the wall material, wherein a first spring portion and a second spring portion are provided. A spring portion, wherein the first spring portion has a first spring constant K1 in a range of 0.2 to 20.0 kN / mm, and the second spring portion has a second spring constant K2. 3.0 to 50.0 kN / mm, which satisfies the above formula 1, and the numerical value of K derived by the above formula 2 is in the range of 0.1 to 20.0. Features. The upper and lower limits of the range of the first spring constant K1 and the second spring constant K2 are the same as described above.
また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記第２バネ定数Ｋ２が５．０〜３０．０の範囲内である。この構成によれば、このエネルギー吸収機構を用いて壁の強さが大きくなる。 In this energy absorbing mechanism, the second spring constant K2 is in the range of 5.0 to 30.0. According to this configuration, the strength of the wall is increased by using the energy absorbing mechanism.
また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記第１のバネ部は、弾性材からなる第１板状部を備え、前記第２のバネ部は、金属又は樹脂からなり、前記第１のバネ部より剛性が高い第２板状部を備え、前記第１板状部と、前記第２板状部とが接合されてなる。ここで、弾性体には、例えば天然ゴムなどのほか、高減衰ゴムなどの粘弾性体が含まれる。また、第１板状部と第２板状部との接合は、例えば接着による。 Further, in this energy absorption mechanism, the first spring portion includes a first plate-shaped portion made of an elastic material, and the second spring portion is made of metal or resin, and is more rigid than the first spring portion. And a second plate-shaped portion having a high height, and the first plate-shaped portion and the second plate-shaped portion are joined to each other. Here, the elastic body includes, for example, a viscoelastic body such as high-damping rubber in addition to natural rubber. Further, the first plate-shaped portion and the second plate-shaped portion are joined by, for example, adhesion.
また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記第２のバネ部が、一対の第２板状部を備え、前記第１板状部が、一対の前記第２板状部により挟持されてなる。これにより、第１板状部が一対の第２板状部に挟まれた構成となる。 In the energy absorbing mechanism, the second spring portion includes a pair of second plate portions, and the first plate portion is sandwiched between the pair of second plate portions. Thus, the first plate-shaped portion is sandwiched between the pair of second plate-shaped portions.
また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記第２のバネ部が、一対の前記第２板状部を接続する接続部を備える。ここで、接続部は、例えばブリッジ状に形成され、当該接続部も１つのバネとして機能する。 In the energy absorbing mechanism, the second spring portion includes a connecting portion that connects the pair of second plate-shaped portions. Here, the connection portion is formed, for example, in a bridge shape, and the connection portion also functions as one spring.
また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記接続部が、一対の前記第２板状部を結合する複数のブリッジである。この構成によれば、複数のブリッジがバネとして機能する。 In this energy absorbing mechanism, the connection portion is a plurality of bridges connecting the pair of second plate-shaped portions. According to this configuration, the plurality of bridges function as springs.
また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記第２のバネ部が、前記柱材及び／又は前記構造材と固定する取付部を備える。これにより、エネルギー吸収機構の柱材や構造材への取付が容易となる。 In addition, the energy absorbing mechanism includes an attachment portion for fixing the second spring portion to the column member and / or the structural member. This facilitates attachment of the energy absorbing mechanism to the pillar or structural material.
また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記第１板状部及び前記第２板状部及び前記取付部が、貫通孔を備える。ここで、貫通孔は、エネルギー吸収機構を筋交いに固定する際に、ネジやボルトが通る孔となる。 Further, in this energy absorbing mechanism, the first plate-shaped portion, the second plate-shaped portion, and the mounting portion have through holes. Here, the through holes are holes through which screws and bolts pass when the energy absorbing mechanism is fixed to the brace.
また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記第２板状部の表面を被覆する、弾性材からなる被覆部をさらに備え、前記被覆部は、前記第１のバネ部と一体に形成されてなる。この被覆部は、第１のバネ部と一体となり、第１のバネ部として機能する。 Further, the energy absorbing mechanism further includes a covering portion made of an elastic material and covering the surface of the second plate-shaped portion, and the covering portion is formed integrally with the first spring portion. This covering part is integrated with the first spring part and functions as a first spring part.
また、このエネルギー吸収機構は、前記被覆部が、板状であり、貫通孔を備える。ここで、貫通孔は、エネルギー吸収機構を筋交いに固定する際に、ネジやボルトが通る孔となる。 Further, in this energy absorbing mechanism, the covering portion has a plate shape and has a through hole. Here, the through holes are holes through which screws and bolts pass when the energy absorbing mechanism is fixed to the brace.
本発明に係る一の態様の木造建物は、上記のエネルギー吸収機構と、前記柱材と、前記構造材と、前記筋交い材とを備え、前記エネルギー吸収機構は、前記筋交い材の端部と、前記柱材及び／又は前記構造材とに固定されている。 A wooden building according to one aspect of the present invention includes the above-described energy absorbing mechanism, the column member, the structural material, and the brace material, and the energy absorbing mechanism includes an end portion of the brace material, It is fixed to the column material and / or the structural material.
本発明に係る一の態様の木造建物は、上記のエネルギー吸収機構と、前記柱材と、前記構造材と、前記壁材とを備え、前記エネルギー吸収機構は、前記壁材と、前記柱材及び／又は前記構造材とに固定されている。 A wooden building according to one aspect of the present invention includes the above-described energy absorbing mechanism, the column material, the structural material, and the wall material, and the energy absorbing mechanism includes the wall material, the column material And / or fixed to the structural material.
本発明によれば、従来よりも制振効果の高いエネルギー吸収機構となる。 According to the present invention, an energy absorbing mechanism having a higher vibration damping effect than before is provided.
以下、本発明に係る一実施形態を図面に基づき説明するが、本発明は下記実施形態に限定されるものではない。まず、本実施形態について模式図を用いて説明し、続き具体的な実施形態を説明する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment. First, the present embodiment will be described using a schematic diagram, and then a specific embodiment will be described.
＜第１実施形態＞
（耐力壁の構造）
図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係るエネルギー吸収機構を適用した耐力壁の模式図である。耐力壁とは、木造建物の軸組において、地震や台風により木造建物に生じる力を主として負担する壁のことである。本発明の一実施形態に係るエネルギー吸収機構は、この耐力壁に取り付けられている。
<First embodiment>
(Structure of bearing wall)
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a load-bearing wall to which an energy absorbing mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention is applied. A load-bearing wall is a wall that mainly bears a force generated in a wooden building due to an earthquake or a typhoon in a frame of the wooden building. The energy absorbing mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention is attached to the load-bearing wall.
図１に示すように、耐力壁Ｗは、鉛直方向に延びる一対の柱材１００と、水平方向に延びる一対の構造材１０１とがそれぞれ接合され、一の接合部と他の接合部を結ぶ対角線方向に延びる筋交い材１０２が配されている。そして、各接合部と筋交い１０２の各端部との間に、エネルギー吸収機構Ｓが介在している。 As shown in FIG. 1, the load-bearing wall W is formed by joining a pair of column members 100 extending in a vertical direction and a pair of structural members 101 extending in a horizontal direction, and a diagonal line connecting one joint and another joint. A brace member 102 extending in the direction is provided. An energy absorbing mechanism S is interposed between each joint and each end of the brace 102.
エネルギー吸収機構Ｓは、バネ特性をもつ材料・機構・構造から構成されるもので、図１に示すように、所定のバネ定数（Ｋ１）の第１バネ部材Ｓ１と、所定のバネ定数（Ｋ２）の第２バネ部材Ｓ２を備える。本実施形態のエネルギー吸収機構Ｓは、一例として構造材１００および筋交い１０２の端部に取り付けられるダンパであり、このダンパの詳細については後述する。なお、エネルギー吸収機構Ｓは、ダンパに限られない。 The energy absorbing mechanism S is composed of a material, a mechanism, and a structure having a spring characteristic. As shown in FIG. 1, a first spring member S1 having a predetermined spring constant (K1) and a predetermined spring constant (K2 ) Of the second spring member S2. The energy absorbing mechanism S of the present embodiment is, for example, a damper attached to the ends of the structural member 100 and the brace 102, and the details of the damper will be described later. The energy absorbing mechanism S is not limited to a damper.
エネルギー吸収機構Ｓは、構造材１００及び筋交い１０２の端部にそれぞれ固定されている。固定の方法としては、例えばネジやボルトを用いる。また、第１バネ部材Ｓ１は、例えば高減衰ゴム、ポリウレタンゴム、ブチルゴム、天然ゴムなどの弾性体（粘弾性体を含む）である。また、第２バネ部材Ｓ２は、第１バネ部材Ｓ２よりも剛性が高いもので、例えば鋼板などの金属板、ＦＲＰなどの合成樹脂板等、比較的高い剛性をもつ部材である。 The energy absorbing mechanism S is fixed to the ends of the structural member 100 and the brace 102, respectively. As a fixing method, for example, screws or bolts are used. Further, the first spring member S1 is an elastic body (including a viscoelastic body) such as high-damping rubber, polyurethane rubber, butyl rubber, and natural rubber. The second spring member S2 has higher rigidity than the first spring member S2, and is a member having relatively high rigidity such as a metal plate such as a steel plate or a synthetic resin plate such as FRP.
そして、エネルギー吸収機構Ｓは、地震等により木造建物にエネルギーが入力された時、このエネルギーを吸収するデバイスとして機能する。すなわち、第１バネ部材Ｓ１が、主としてエネルギー吸収バネとして機能し、第２バネ部材Ｓ２が剛性を確保するとともに高剛性のバネとして機能する。なお、ネジやボルトなどの固定部材も第２バネ部材を補強する。これにより、エネルギー吸収機構Ｓ全体がバネ機構として機能し、木造建物に対するエネルギーを吸収する。 When energy is input to the wooden building due to an earthquake or the like, the energy absorbing mechanism S functions as a device that absorbs the energy. That is, the first spring member S1 mainly functions as an energy absorbing spring, and the second spring member S2 secures rigidity and functions as a highly rigid spring. Note that fixing members such as screws and bolts also reinforce the second spring member. Thereby, the whole energy absorption mechanism S functions as a spring mechanism, and absorbs energy for the wooden building.
このように、第１バネ部材Ｓ１は、主としてエネルギーを吸収するバネ特性を備える材料・機構・構造からなり、第２バネ部材Ｓ２は、主として剛性を確保し、高剛性のバネとしても機能するバネ特性を備える材料・機構・構造からなる。 As described above, the first spring member S1 is mainly made of a material, a mechanism, and a structure having a spring characteristic of absorbing energy, and the second spring member S2 is a spring that mainly secures rigidity and also functions as a high-rigidity spring. Consists of materials, mechanisms, and structures with characteristics.
また、第１バネ部材Ｓ１は、バネ定数Ｋ１が１．５〜７．５ｋＮ／ｍｍであり、第２バネ部材Ｓ２は、バネ定数Ｋ２が５．０〜３０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍであり、下記の数式１を満たし、かつ、下記の数式２より算出されるＫの数値が１．４〜４．９の範囲内である。
Ｋ１＜Ｋ２ ・・・（数式１）
Ｋ＝（Ｋ１×Ｋ２）／（Ｋ１＋Ｋ２） ・・・（数式２）
The first spring member S1 has a spring constant K1 of 1.5 to 7.5 kN / mm, and the second spring member S2 has a spring constant K2 of 5.0 to 30.0 kN / mm. The numerical value of K that satisfies Expression 1 and is calculated by the following Expression 2 is in the range of 1.4 to 4.9.
K1 <K2 (Equation 1)
K = (K1 × K2) / (K1 + K2) (Formula 2)
この条件を満たす、第１バネ部材Ｓ１及び第２バネ部材Ｓ２を備えるエネルギー吸収機構Ｓを耐力壁に用いることで、十分な強さを確保しつつ、効果的に木造建物にかかるエネルギーを吸収して地震等による被害を最大限に抑制することができる。 By using the energy absorbing mechanism S having the first spring member S1 and the second spring member S2, which satisfies this condition, as a load-bearing wall, the energy applied to the wooden building can be effectively absorbed while securing sufficient strength. Thus, damage due to an earthquake or the like can be minimized.
また、次の場合には、以下の条件を満たす第１バネ部材Ｓ１と第２バネ部材Ｓ２を備えるエネルギー吸収機構Ｓがより好ましい。筋交い１０２が３０ｍｍ×９０ｍｍの矩形断面又はこれと同等の断面の場合は、第１バネ定数Ｋ１が１．５〜５．５ｋＮ／ｍｍであり、Ｋの数値が１．４〜３．９であることが望ましい。 In the following case, the energy absorbing mechanism S including the first spring member S1 and the second spring member S2 satisfying the following conditions is more preferable. When the brace 102 has a rectangular cross section of 30 mm × 90 mm or a cross section equivalent thereto, the first spring constant K1 is 1.5 to 5.5 kN / mm, and the numerical value of K is 1.4 to 3.9. It is desirable.
また、筋交い１０２が４５ｍｍ×９０ｍｍの矩形断面又はこれと同等の断面の場合は、第１バネ定数Ｋ１が２．５〜７．５ｋＮ／ｍｍであり、Ｋの数値が２．１〜４．９であることが望ましい。また、筋交い１０２が９０ｍｍ×９０ｍｍの矩形断面又はこれと同等の断面の場合は、第１バネ定数Ｋ１が１．５〜５．５ｋＮ／ｍｍであり、Ｋの数値が１．４〜３．９であることが望ましい。 When the brace 102 has a rectangular cross section of 45 mm × 90 mm or a cross section equivalent thereto, the first spring constant K1 is 2.5 to 7.5 kN / mm, and the numerical value of K is 2.1 to 4.9. It is desirable that When the brace 102 has a rectangular cross section of 90 mm × 90 mm or a cross section equivalent thereto, the first spring constant K1 is 1.5 to 5.5 kN / mm, and the numerical value of K is 1.4 to 3.9. It is desirable that
（検証）
また、発明者は、上記のエネルギー吸収機構が十分な効果を得られるかについて試験を行った。以下、当該試験の詳細を説明する。この試験は、図１に示す耐力壁のモデルに対する増分解析法に基づく解析と荷重試験により行った。なお、エネルギー吸収機構Ｓとして、板状の一対の第２バネ部材Ｓ２と、板状の第１バネ部材Ｓ１とで構成され、第１バネ部材Ｓ１が一対の第２バネ部材Ｓ２に挟まれる形で介在し、これらが接着された構造を用いた。
(Verification)
In addition, the inventor conducted a test to determine whether the above-described energy absorbing mechanism can obtain a sufficient effect. Hereinafter, the details of the test will be described. This test was performed by an analysis based on the incremental analysis method and a load test for the model of the load-bearing wall shown in FIG. The energy absorbing mechanism S includes a pair of plate-shaped second spring members S2 and a plate-shaped first spring member S1, and the first spring member S1 is sandwiched between the pair of second spring members S2. And a structure in which these are adhered is used.
解析においては、第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１を２〜２０ｋＮ／ｍｍと変化させ、所定の水平荷重Ｐを掛け、エネルギー吸収機構Ｓに引張り応力を生じさせた時に得られる耐力壁の強さ（壁倍率）を算出した。 In the analysis, the strength of the load-bearing wall obtained when the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 is changed to 2 to 20 kN / mm, a predetermined horizontal load P is applied, and a tensile stress is generated in the energy absorbing mechanism S. (Wall magnification) was calculated.
このときの筋交いに用いる材料のヤング係数Ｅは１２ｋＮ／ｍｍ２である。また、エネルギー吸収機構Ｓにおける第２バネ部材Ｓ２のバネ定数Ｋ２は１４ｋＮ／ｍｍとした。 The Young's modulus E of the material used for the bracing at this time is 12 kN / mm2. The spring constant K2 of the second spring member S2 in the energy absorbing mechanism S was set to 14 kN / mm.
まず、上記壁倍率の算出に必要な特性値を算定するため、上記のエネルギー吸収機構Ｓを適用して静的せん断加力試験を行った。図２にその結果を示す。 First, in order to calculate a characteristic value required for calculating the wall magnification, a static shearing force test was performed using the above energy absorbing mechanism S. FIG. 2 shows the result.
次に、解析の信頼性を確認するため、実際の実験結果と本解析の水平荷重−変位関係を比較したところ、両データが精度良く一致していることが分かった。図３にその比較図を示す。 Next, in order to confirm the reliability of the analysis, when the actual experimental results were compared with the horizontal load-displacement relationship of the present analysis, it was found that both data were accurately matched. FIG. 3 shows a comparison diagram thereof.
次に、実験結果を基にした解析によって、バネ機構Ｓの引張り応力時における第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１と壁倍率の関係、第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１と第２バネ部材Ｓ２のバネ定数Ｋ２の関係を求めた。図４ないし図６にＫ１−壁倍率の関係、図７にＫ１−Ｋ２の関係を示す。 Next, the analysis based on the experimental results shows that the relationship between the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 and the wall magnification at the time of the tensile stress of the spring mechanism S, the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 and the second spring member S2. Of the spring constant K2 was obtained. 4 to 6 show the relationship between K1 and the wall magnification, and FIG. 7 shows the relationship between K1 and K2.
なお、図５の表において、壁倍率は、以下の数式３により求めた。
壁倍率＝Ｐ０×（１／１．９６）×（１／Ｌ） ・・・（数式３）
ただし、１．９６：壁倍率＝１を算定する数値（ｋＮ／ｍ）
Ｌ：試験体の壁の長さ（ｍ）
In the table of FIG. 5, the wall magnification was obtained by the following mathematical formula 3.
Wall magnification = P0 × (1 / 1.96) × (1 / L) (Equation 3)
However, 1.96: Numerical value for calculating wall magnification = 1 (kN / m)
L: Length of the wall of the specimen (m)
図６のグラフから、壁倍率１．０の時の第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１は２．０３ｋＮ／ｍｍとなり、Ｋ１＜Ｋ２を満たし、数式２より算出されるＫの数値は２．０３×１４／（２．０３＋１４）＝１．７８であった。以上より、第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１、第２バネ部材Ｓ２の第２バネ定数Ｋ２、数値Ｋが本発明の規定の範囲内にある時、必要な耐力壁の強さを得られることが確認された。 From the graph of FIG. 6, when the wall magnification is 1.0, the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 is 2.03 kN / mm, which satisfies K1 <K2, and the numerical value of K calculated from Expression 2 is 2.03. × 14 / (2.03 + 14) = 1.78. As described above, when the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 and the second spring constant K2 and the numerical value K of the second spring member S2 are within the range specified in the present invention, the necessary strength of the load-bearing wall can be obtained. Was confirmed.
また、壁倍率１．５の時の第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１は３．３４ｋＮ／ｍｍとなり、Ｋ１＜Ｋ２を満たし、数式２より算出されるＫの数値は２．６９であった。これにより、必要な耐力壁の強さを得られることが確認された。 The spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 at the wall magnification of 1.5 was 3.34 kN / mm, satisfying K1 <K2, and the numerical value of K calculated from Expression 2 was 2.69. Thereby, it was confirmed that the necessary strength of the load-bearing wall can be obtained.
さらに、第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１を５．５ｋＮ／ｍｍを超えて大きくしても、剛性から求まる壁倍率は高くなるが、ほぼ一定値である降伏耐力から求まる壁倍率のほうが相対的に小さく支配的になるため、壁倍率は２．０近傍以上には大きくならないことが確認された。 Further, even if the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 is increased beyond 5.5 kN / mm, the wall magnification obtained from the rigidity increases, but the wall magnification obtained from the yield strength, which is almost constant, is relatively higher. Therefore, it was confirmed that the wall magnification did not increase near 2.0 or more.
また、発明者は、第２バネ部材のバネ定数Ｋ２について、第１バネ部材のバネ定数Ｋ１が所定数値の場合の、壁倍率とバネ定数Ｋ２との関係を算出した。その結果を図７に示す。図７は、上記と同様の増分解析において、バネ定数Ｋ１を一定とし、バネ定数Ｋ２を増加させたときの壁倍率との関係を示す図である。これにより、バネ定数Ｋ２は５．０以上が好ましく、５．０から３０．０がより好ましいことがわかる。Ｋ２が３０．０を超えると、壁倍率が減少し、すなわち、壁の強さが弱まる傾向にあるためである。なお、バネ定数Ｋ２の上限を７５．０としているのは、７５．０を超えると、第２バネ部材Ｓ２が変形せず、固定部材であるネジのみが変形するためである。 In addition, the inventor has calculated the relationship between the wall magnification and the spring constant K2 when the spring constant K1 of the first spring member is a predetermined value for the spring constant K2 of the second spring member. FIG. 7 shows the result. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship with the wall magnification when the spring constant K1 is increased and the spring constant K2 is increased in the same incremental analysis as described above. This shows that the spring constant K2 is preferably 5.0 or more, and more preferably 5.0 to 30.0. This is because when K2 exceeds 30.0, the wall magnification tends to decrease, that is, the strength of the wall tends to decrease. The reason why the upper limit of the spring constant K2 is set to 75.0 is that if it exceeds 75.0, the second spring member S2 is not deformed and only the screw as the fixing member is deformed.
さらに、発明者は、第１バネ部材のバネ定数Ｋ１についても検証した。図８は、等価粘性減衰定数（ｈｅｑ）と第１バネ部材のバネ定数Ｋ１との関係を示すグラフである。図８は、バネ定数Ｋ１の所定値に対して適用されるバネ部材の形状と材質（剛性率（せん断弾性率））の関係から算出したものである。なお、等価粘性減衰定数とは、建物のエネルギー吸収能力を示す数値である。図８によれば、１．５ｋＮ／ｍｍ―７．５ｋＮ／ｍｍにおいて、等価粘性減衰定数が略１５％を超え、エネルギー吸収能力が高くなることがわかる。バネ定数Ｋ１の等価粘性減衰定数が１５％を超えるあたりから制振の効果が発揮されるためである。 Furthermore, the inventor also verified the spring constant K1 of the first spring member. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the equivalent viscous damping constant (heq) and the spring constant K1 of the first spring member. FIG. 8 is calculated from the relationship between the shape and material (rigidity (shear modulus)) of the spring member applied to a predetermined value of the spring constant K1. Note that the equivalent viscous damping constant is a numerical value indicating the energy absorption capacity of a building. FIG. 8 shows that at 1.5 kN / mm-7.5 kN / mm, the equivalent viscous damping constant exceeds approximately 15%, and the energy absorbing ability is increased. This is because the vibration damping effect is exerted when the equivalent viscous damping constant of the spring constant K1 exceeds about 15%.
これらより、本実施形態におけるバネ定数Ｋ１とＫ２の特定が、剛性の確保及びエネルギー吸収において、非常に効果的であることがわかる。 From these, it is understood that the specification of the spring constants K1 and K2 in the present embodiment is very effective in securing rigidity and absorbing energy.
次に発明者は、壁倍率１．０の第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１と第２バネ部材Ｓ２のバネ定数Ｋ２の関係を確認した。図９にその関係を示す。同様に、壁倍率１．０〜２．５の時のバネ定数（Ｋ１、Ｋ２）の関係も求めた。図１０にその関係を示す。 Next, the inventor confirmed the relationship between the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 and the spring constant K2 of the second spring member S2 with a wall magnification of 1.0. FIG. 9 shows the relationship. Similarly, the relationship between the spring constants (K1, K2) when the wall magnification was 1.0 to 2.5 was also obtained. FIG. 10 shows the relationship.
また、バネ定数（Ｋ１、Ｋ２）の関係において、第１バネ部材Ｓ１が主としてエネルギーを吸収し、第２バネ部材Ｓ２が主として剛性の確保と、強いエネルギーが入力された場合にエネルギーの吸収を行う機能を発揮することから、このエネルギー吸収機構Ｓにおいては、Ｋ１＜Ｋ２であることが必要となる。 Further, in relation to the spring constants (K1, K2), the first spring member S1 mainly absorbs energy, and the second spring member S2 mainly secures rigidity and absorbs energy when strong energy is input. Since the function is exhibited, it is necessary that K1 <K2 in the energy absorption mechanism S.
このことから、図９のグラフにより、壁倍率１．０の場合、第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１は１．７８ｋＮ／ｍｍ以上、３．５６ｋＮ／ｍｍ以下であり、第２バネ部材Ｓ２のバネ定数Ｋ２は３．５６ｋＮ／ｍｍ以上であることが確認できた。 From this, according to the graph of FIG. 9, when the wall magnification is 1.0, the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 is not less than 1.78 kN / mm and not more than 3.56 kN / mm. It was confirmed that the spring constant K2 was 3.56 kN / mm or more.
同様に、図１０のグラフにより、壁倍率１．０〜２．５の場合、第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１の下限値、上限値を確認した。図１１の表に壁倍率１．０〜２．５の場合の第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１の下限値、上限値を示す。 Similarly, the lower limit and the upper limit of the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 were confirmed in the case of the wall magnification of 1.0 to 2.5 from the graph of FIG. The table in FIG. 11 shows the lower limit and the upper limit of the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 when the wall magnification is 1.0 to 2.5.
壁倍率１．０と認定する範囲を１．０以上、１．５未満とし、壁倍率１．５と認定する範囲を１．５以上、２．０未満とし、図１１の表をもとにして、第１バネ部材Ｓ１のバネ定数Ｋ１の範囲を表１にまとめた。 The range to be recognized as wall magnification 1.0 is 1.0 or more and less than 1.5, and the range to be recognized as wall magnification 1.5 is 1.5 or more and less than 2.0, and based on the table in FIG. Table 1 summarizes the range of the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1.
以上より、本実施形態のエネルギー吸収機構Ｓにおける第１バネ部材Ｓ１と第２バネ部材Ｓ２のバネ定数の条件を規定することにより、必要な壁倍率を確保しつつ、木造建物に入力されるエネルギーに対する減衰能力及び靭性能力の向上を図れることが確認された。 As described above, by defining the conditions of the spring constants of the first spring member S1 and the second spring member S2 in the energy absorbing mechanism S of the present embodiment, the energy input to the wooden building while securing the necessary wall magnification. It was confirmed that the damping ability and the toughness ability for steel can be improved.
（エネルギー吸収機構の構造）
続き、本実施形態に用いたエネルギー吸収機構Ｓの構造について説明する。以下の説明において、本実施形態のエネルギー吸収機構Ｓをダンパ１とし、第２バネ部材Ｓ２を剛性部材２とし、第１バネ部材Ｓ１を弾性部材３として説明する。なお、この構造は一例であり、他の形状を用いてもよく、本発明はこの構造に限定されない。
(Structure of energy absorption mechanism)
Subsequently, the structure of the energy absorbing mechanism S used in the present embodiment will be described. In the following description, the energy absorbing mechanism S of this embodiment will be described as a damper 1, the second spring member S2 as a rigid member 2, and the first spring member S1 as an elastic member 3. Note that this structure is an example, and other shapes may be used, and the present invention is not limited to this structure.
図１２は、図１の模式図における接合部の拡大図であり、本実施形態に係るエネルギー吸収機構Ｓの一例としてダンパ１を用い、ダンパ１を木造建物の柱及び筋交いに取り付けた状態を示す斜視図である。図１３（ａ）（ｂ）は、同正面図、同側面図である。 FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a joint in the schematic diagram of FIG. 1, and shows a state in which the damper 1 is used as an example of the energy absorbing mechanism S according to the present embodiment, and the damper 1 is attached to a pillar and a brace of a wooden building. It is a perspective view. FIGS. 13A and 13B are a front view and a side view, respectively.
図１２、図１３（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、ダンパ１は、柱材１００と、これに対し傾斜する方向に延びる筋交い１０２との間に取り付けられる。具体的には、柱材１００は、水平方向に延びる下側の構造材１０１（土台１０１）に突き合わせて接合され、この接合部分において柱材１００および土台１０１に対し筋交い１０２の端部が当接するように配置され、柱材１００と筋交い１０２との間にダンパ１が取り付けられている。 As shown in FIGS. 12, 13A and 13B, the damper 1 is attached between a column member 100 and a brace 102 extending in a direction inclined with respect to the column member. Specifically, the column member 100 is joined to the lower structural member 101 (base 101) extending in the horizontal direction, and is joined. At this joint portion, the end of the brace 102 abuts on the column member 100 and the base 101. And the damper 1 is attached between the column member 100 and the brace 102.
図１４（ａ）及び図１５（ａ）に示すように、ダンパ１は、剛性部材２と、弾性部材３とを備える。図１４（ｂ）及び図１５（ｂ）に示すように、剛性部材２は、柱材１００に固定される板状固定部４と、この板状固定部４に結合部６を介して略９０度をなすように連設され筋交い１０２に固定される筒状固定部５とを有する。なお、結合部６には、ダンパ１の断面二次モーメントを上げるために、リブ加工により凸部９が設けられている。 As shown in FIGS. 14A and 15A, the damper 1 includes a rigid member 2 and an elastic member 3. As shown in FIGS. 14 (b) and 15 (b), the rigid member 2 includes a plate-shaped fixing portion 4 fixed to the column member 100, and approximately 90 And a cylindrical fixing portion 5 which is continuously connected to each other and fixed to the brace 102. The joint 6 is provided with a convex portion 9 by rib processing in order to increase the second moment of area of the damper 1.
筒状固定部５は、板状固定部４が連設される略矩形状の第１の板部分５ａと、第１の板部分５ａに対応する大きさを有し第１の板部分５ａと平行に延びる第２の板部分５ｂと、並んで配置され第１及び第２の板部分５ａ，５ｂを接続する複数のブリッジ部５ｃとを有する。これにより、第１及び第２の板部分５ａ，５ｂ並びにブリッジ５ｃによって囲まれる、狭い幅Ｗを有する空隙Ｃが形成される。なお、第２の板部分５ｂは、板状固定部４の屈曲方向とは反対側に配置されている。 The cylindrical fixing portion 5 has a substantially rectangular first plate portion 5a to which the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 is continuously provided, and a first plate portion 5a having a size corresponding to the first plate portion 5a. It has a second plate portion 5b extending in parallel, and a plurality of bridge portions 5c arranged side by side to connect the first and second plate portions 5a, 5b. This forms a gap C having a narrow width W and surrounded by the first and second plate portions 5a and 5b and the bridge 5c. Note that the second plate portion 5b is arranged on the opposite side to the bending direction of the plate-shaped fixing portion 4.
ブリッジ部５ｃは、略断面逆Ｕ字形をして、建物に入力されるエネルギーをその変形により弾性部材３と共に吸収するもので、かかるブリッジ部５ｃは、図１４（ｂ）及び図１５（ｂ）に示すように、第１の板部分５ａの上下部の幅方向中央および幅方向両端に設けられている。各ブリッジ部５ｃの幅は、例えばそれぞれ０．５ｍｍ以上の幅で、第１の板部分５ａの上部あるいは下部の全幅に対し、全体で２〜６０％、好ましくは３〜５０％、より好ましくは５〜３０％の幅に設定されている。このように全体で少なくとも２％〜６０％とすることで、建物に入力されるエネルギーをブリッジ部５ｃによっても吸収することができる。なお、この実施の形態では同じ幅のブリッジ部５ｃを３つ設けているが、ブリッジ部５ｃの幅や数は異なっていてもよい。 The bridge 5c has a substantially U-shaped cross section and absorbs energy input to the building together with the elastic member 3 by deformation thereof. The bridge 5c is shown in FIGS. 14 (b) and 15 (b). As shown in the figure, the first plate portion 5a is provided at the center in the width direction of the upper and lower portions and at both ends in the width direction. The width of each bridge portion 5c is, for example, 0.5 mm or more, respectively, and is 2 to 60%, preferably 3 to 50%, more preferably, the entire width of the upper or lower portion of the first plate portion 5a. The width is set to 5 to 30%. By setting the total to at least 2% to 60%, the energy input to the building can be absorbed by the bridge 5c. In this embodiment, three bridge portions 5c having the same width are provided, but the width and the number of the bridge portions 5c may be different.
また、例えば巨大地震など大きなエネルギーの入力等何らかの原因によって弾性部材３との接着が剥がれたとき若しくはゴムが破断したときでもブリッジ部５ｃが塑性変形して残エネルギーを吸収する。つまり、大エネルギーの入力によって弾性部材３の接着が剥がれたとき若しくはゴムが破断したときに、各ブリッジ部５ｃはフォールトトレランス機構として作用し、塑性変形してエネルギーを吸収し、耐震性能・制振性能の信頼性を高める機能を発揮する。 Further, even when the adhesive with the elastic member 3 is peeled off or the rubber is broken due to a large energy input such as a huge earthquake, the bridge portion 5c plastically deforms and absorbs the remaining energy. That is, when the adhesive of the elastic member 3 is peeled off or the rubber is broken due to the input of large energy, each bridge portion 5c acts as a fault tolerance mechanism, plastically deforms and absorbs energy, and has seismic performance and vibration suppression. Demonstrate the function to increase the reliability of performance.
弾性部材３は、筒状固定部５の内部空間内に内在されるだけでなく、筒状固定部５の外表面に表面層を形成している。そして、隣り合うブリッジ部５ｃの間には、ブリッジ部５ｃの表面層の表面と面一になるように弾性部材３が設けられ、その部分で前記内部空間内の弾性部材３と、表面層となる弾性部材３とが一体的に結合されている。 The elastic member 3 forms a surface layer on the outer surface of the tubular fixing portion 5 as well as being provided inside the internal space of the tubular fixing portion 5. The elastic member 3 is provided between the adjacent bridge portions 5c so as to be flush with the surface of the surface layer of the bridge portion 5c. The elastic member 3 is integrally connected.
また、板状固定部４が連設される側とは反対側の、筒状固定部５の端部には、その端面の表面層の表面と面一になるように弾性部材３が設けられ、同様に、その部分で前記内部空間内の弾性部材３と、表面層となる弾性部材３とが一体的に結合されている。つまり、弾性部材３は、筒状固定部５の内部空間内に内在する部分３ａ（図１６参照）と、外表面に表面層として設けられる部分３ｂとが、筒状固定部５の端部に設けられる部分３ｃと、ブリッジ部５ｃの間に設けられる部分３ｄとによって一体的に結合されている。 The elastic member 3 is provided at the end of the cylindrical fixing portion 5 opposite to the side on which the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 is continuously provided, so as to be flush with the surface of the surface layer at the end surface. Similarly, the elastic member 3 in the internal space and the elastic member 3 serving as a surface layer are integrally connected at that portion. That is, the elastic member 3 has a portion 3 a (see FIG. 16) existing in the internal space of the cylindrical fixing portion 5 and a portion 3 b provided as a surface layer on the outer surface at the end of the cylindrical fixing portion 5. The part 3c provided and the part 3d provided between the bridge parts 5c are integrally connected.
その結果、弾性部材３は、筒状固定部５の周囲を取り囲み、筒状固定部５が外部から見えないように筒状固定部５全体を被覆していることになる。なお、筒状固定部５の外表面及び内表面を含めて、弾性部材３の筒状固定部５への接触部分は、筒状固定部５に接着され、筒状固定部５と弾性部材３とは一体化されることとなる。 As a result, the elastic member 3 surrounds the periphery of the cylindrical fixing part 5 and covers the entire cylindrical fixing part 5 so that the cylindrical fixing part 5 cannot be seen from the outside. The contact portion of the elastic member 3 including the outer surface and the inner surface of the cylindrical fixing portion 5 with the cylindrical fixing portion 5 is adhered to the cylindrical fixing portion 5, and the cylindrical fixing portion 5 and the elastic member 3 Will be integrated.
このように、筒状固定部５の内部空間内に内在する部分３ａと、外表面に表面層として設けられる部分３ｂとが、ブリッジ部５ｃの間に設けられる部分３ｄによって結合され一体となっているので、弾性部材３と筒状固定部５との結合力が強固になっている。さらに、筒状固定部５の端部に設けられる部分３ｃによっても結合されるようにしているので、弾性部材３と筒状固定部５との結合力がより強固になっている。 As described above, the portion 3a existing in the internal space of the cylindrical fixing portion 5 and the portion 3b provided as a surface layer on the outer surface are joined and integrated by the portion 3d provided between the bridge portions 5c. Therefore, the coupling force between the elastic member 3 and the cylindrical fixing portion 5 is strong. Further, since the coupling is also made by the portion 3c provided at the end of the cylindrical fixing portion 5, the coupling force between the elastic member 3 and the cylindrical fixing portion 5 is further strengthened.
剛性部材２の板状固定部４には、その板状固定部４を複数の第１の固定具７（例えば木ねじ）により柱材１００に固定するための複数の取付孔４ａが開設されている。 The plate-shaped fixing portion 4 of the rigid member 2 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 4a for fixing the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 to the column member 100 with a plurality of first fixing members 7 (for example, wood screws). .
また、このダンパ１の弾性部材３は一例として加硫成形により成型されており、筒状固定部５の第１の板部分５ａには、筋交い１０２に固定するために用いる第１の貫通孔５ｄに加えて、加硫成形時に、前記内部空間内に弾性部材３を流入するための第２の貫通孔５ｅが形成されている。第２の板部分５ｂにも、第１の板部分５ａの外側から複数の第２の固定具８（例えば木ねじ）により筋交い１０２に固定するために用いる第３の貫通孔５ｆに加えて、加硫成形時に、前記内部空間内に弾性部材３が流入するための第４の貫通孔５ｇが形成されている。 The elastic member 3 of the damper 1 is formed by vulcanization molding as an example, and a first through-hole 5 d used for fixing to the brace 102 is formed in the first plate portion 5 a of the cylindrical fixing portion 5. In addition, at the time of vulcanization molding, a second through hole 5e for allowing the elastic member 3 to flow into the internal space is formed. In addition to the third through-holes 5f used for fixing the second plate portion 5b to the brace 102 from the outside of the first plate portion 5a with a plurality of second fixing tools 8 (for example, wood screws), the second plate portion 5b is also provided. A fourth through-hole 5g through which the elastic member 3 flows into the internal space is formed at the time of sulfur forming.
そして、図１６に示すように、第１の板部分５ａの外側から、複数の第２の固定具８により第２の板部分５ｂを筋交い１０２に固定する。なお、第１及び第２の固定具７，８としては、それぞれ木ねじの代わりに釘などを用いてよい。 Then, as shown in FIG. 16, the second plate portion 5b is fixed to the brace 102 from the outside of the first plate portion 5a by a plurality of second fixing tools 8. As the first and second fixtures 7 and 8, nails or the like may be used instead of wood screws.
また、第２の貫通孔５ｅ及び第４の貫通孔５ｇに充填される減衰材部分によっても、筒状固定部５の内部空間内に内在する部分３ａと、外表面に表面層として設けられる部分３ｂとが結合されているので、この部分によっても弾性部材３と筒状固定部５との結合力が高められている。 Also, due to the damping material portion filled in the second through-hole 5e and the fourth through-hole 5g, a portion 3a existing in the internal space of the cylindrical fixing portion 5 and a portion provided as a surface layer on the outer surface. 3b, the coupling force between the elastic member 3 and the cylindrical fixing portion 5 is also increased by this portion.
（変形例）
以上のとおり、図面を参照しながら本発明の好適な実施形態を説明したが、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内で、種々の追加、変更または削除が可能である。例えば、前述したダンパ１のほか、本実施形態のエネルギー吸収機構Ｓは、次のようにして実施することができる。
(Modification)
As described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the drawings. However, various additions, changes, or deletions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in addition to the above-described damper 1, the energy absorbing mechanism S of the present embodiment can be implemented as follows.
本実施形態の図１では、筋交いの両端部にエネルギー吸収機構Ｓを設けているが、一方端部のみにエネルギー吸収機構Ｓを取り付ける構成としてもよい。その場合、エネルギー吸収機構Ｓが設けられていない他方端部においては、筋交い１０２と、柱材１００と構造材１０１との固定は、例えばボルト締結などバネ値の高い固定方法を用いる。一方端部のエネルギー吸収機構Ｓを効かせるためである。 In FIG. 1 of the present embodiment, the energy absorbing mechanism S is provided at both ends of the brace, but the energy absorbing mechanism S may be attached to only one end. In this case, at the other end where the energy absorbing mechanism S is not provided, the brace 102, the column member 100, and the structural member 101 are fixed by a fixing method having a high spring value such as bolting. This is because the energy absorption mechanism S at one end is effective.
また、図１７（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、第２の板部分５ｂ’を、第１の板部分５ａ’の、板状固定部４が設けられている側とは反対側から板状固定部４の屈曲方向と同じ側あるいは反対側にブリッジ部５ｃ’を介して屈曲させる構造にしてもよい。この場合、第２の板部分のブリッジ部５ｃ’が設けられている部分と反対側は板状固定部４に接触するようにしているが、一部を差し込む結合構造にしてもよい。 Further, as shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, the second plate portion 5b 'is connected to the first plate portion 5a' from the side opposite to the side where the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 is provided. It may be configured to bend to the same side or the opposite side to the bending direction of the shape fixing portion 4 via the bridge portion 5c '. In this case, the side of the second plate portion opposite to the portion where the bridge portion 5c 'is provided is in contact with the plate-shaped fixing portion 4, but a coupling structure in which a portion is inserted may be used.
また、図１８に示すように、板状固定部４は、柱材１００だけに固定されるようにしているが、柱材１００に加えて、土台１０１にも固定される板状固定部４Ａをさらに設けることもできる。この場合、板状固定部４と板状固定部４Ａとは，９０°の角度をなしている。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 18, the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 is fixed only to the column member 100, but in addition to the column member 100, a plate-shaped fixing portion 4 A fixed to the base 101 is provided. Further, it can be provided. In this case, the plate-shaped fixing part 4 and the plate-shaped fixing part 4A form an angle of 90 °.
また、図１９に示すように、筒状固定部５の内部空間は、ブリッジ部５ｃに対応する部分について、隣り合うブリッジ部５ｃの間も含め、弾性部材３が設けられず、空隙Ｃとする構成としてもよい。 Further, as shown in FIG. 19, the internal space of the cylindrical fixing portion 5 is a space C where the elastic member 3 is not provided for the portion corresponding to the bridge portion 5c, including the space between the adjacent bridge portions 5c. It may be configured.
また、図示しないが、弾性部材３の表面層を備えず、かつ、剛性部材２のブリッジ部を備えない構成としてもよい。すなわち、別体で構成された一対の板状の剛性部材と、これらに挟持される板状の弾性部材よりなるエネルギー吸収機構である。 Although not shown, a configuration may be adopted in which the surface layer of the elastic member 3 is not provided and the bridge portion of the rigid member 2 is not provided. That is, it is an energy absorbing mechanism including a pair of plate-shaped rigid members formed separately and a plate-shaped elastic member sandwiched therebetween.
また、剛性部材２には金属板を用いているが、ＦＲＰなどの合成樹脂板などを用いることも可能である。弾性部材３には、高減衰のゴムを用いているが、ポリウレタンゴム、ブチルゴムなどの他の粘弾性体、天然ゴムなどの弾性体を用いてよい。 Although a metal plate is used for the rigid member 2, a synthetic resin plate such as FRP can be used. High elasticity rubber is used for the elastic member 3, but other viscoelastic materials such as polyurethane rubber and butyl rubber, and elastic materials such as natural rubber may be used.
（その他の実施形態）
次に、上記の実施形態とは別の実施形態Ａ１〜Ａ３について説明する。これら実施形態Ａ１〜Ａ３と上記実施形態との主な相違点は、筋交い１０２と、柱材１００及び／又は構造材１０１との間にクリアランスが生じるようにダンパ１を設置している点である。
(Other embodiments)
Next, another embodiment A1 to A3 different from the above embodiment will be described. The main difference between these embodiments A1 to A3 and the above embodiment is that the damper 1 is installed so that a clearance is generated between the brace 102 and the column member 100 and / or the structural member 101. .
実施形態Ａ１は、図２０又は図２１に示すように、筋交い１０２と、構造材１０１との間にクリアランスが生じるようにダンパ１を設置したものである。実施形態Ａ２は、図２２又は図２３に示すように、筋交い１０２と、柱材１００との間にクリアランスが生じるようにダンパ１を設置したものである。実施形態Ａ３は、図２４又は図２５に示すように、筋交い１０２と、柱材１００及び構造材１０１との間にクリアランスが生じるようにダンパ１を設置したものである。これらの構造によれば、筋交いの圧縮及び引張りのいずれの方向にもダンパ１を効かせることができ、地震などの揺れによるエネルギーを効率良く吸収する。 In the embodiment A1, as shown in FIG. 20 or FIG. 21, the damper 1 is installed so that a clearance is generated between the brace 102 and the structural material 101. In the embodiment A2, as shown in FIG. 22 or FIG. 23, the damper 1 is installed so that a clearance is generated between the brace 102 and the column member 100. In the embodiment A3, as shown in FIG. 24 or FIG. 25, the damper 1 is installed such that a clearance is generated between the brace 102, the column member 100, and the structural member 101. According to these structures, the damper 1 can be effective in both the compression and tension directions of the brace, and efficiently absorbs energy due to shaking such as an earthquake.
また、図２６〜図２８に示す構造は、実施形態Ａ１〜Ａ３の変形例であり、これらのクリアランスに別途エネルギー吸収材１０を配したものである。この構成によれば、建物の揺れをエネルギー吸収材１０によって、さらに吸収することができる。 The structures shown in FIGS. 26 to 28 are modified examples of the embodiments A1 to A3, in which the energy absorbing material 10 is separately provided in these clearances. According to this configuration, the swing of the building can be further absorbed by the energy absorbing material 10.
また、図２９に示す構造は、さらに別の実施形態Ｂである。この実施形態Ｂと上記実施形態との主な相違点は、筋交いの構造である。実施形態Ｂの筋交い２０２は、ほおづえ型の筋交いであり、柱材１００と構造材１０１との接合部に設置されている。そして、２つのダンパ１が、筋交い２０２の各端部と、柱材１００又は構造材１０１との間に、それぞれ固定されていて、建物の揺れを吸収する。なお、筋交い２０２の各端部と、柱材１００又は構造材１０１とは当接している構造でもよいし、これらの間にクリアランスを設ける構造としてもよい。さらに、このクリアランスに別途エネルギー吸収材１０を配してもよい。 The structure shown in FIG. 29 is still another embodiment B. The main difference between this embodiment B and the above embodiment is the structure of the brace. The brace 202 of Embodiment B is a cheek-type brace, and is installed at a joint between the column member 100 and the structural member 101. The two dampers 1 are fixed between each end of the brace 202 and the column member 100 or the structural member 101, respectively, to absorb the shaking of the building. In addition, each end of the brace 202 may be in contact with the pillar member 100 or the structural member 101, or a clearance may be provided between them. Further, an energy absorbing material 10 may be separately provided in the clearance.
また、図３０に示す構造は、さらに別の実施形態Ｃである。この実施形態Ｃと上記実施形態との主な相違点は、筋交いの構造である。実施形態Ｃの筋交い３０２は、Ｋ型の筋交いであり、一方の柱材１００の中央部付近から、他方の柱材１００と構造材１０１との各接合部に向けてそれぞれのびる筋交いである。そして、ダンパ１が、筋交い３０２の一方端部と、一方の柱材１００との間に取り付けられている。また、ダンパ１は、筋交い３０２の他方端部と、他方の柱材１００と構造材１０１との間にも取り付けられている。なお、筋交い３０２の各端部と、柱材１００又は構造材１０１とは当接している構造でもよいし、これらの間にクリアランスを設ける構造としてもよい。さらに、このクリアランスに別途エネルギー吸収材１０を配してもよい。 The structure shown in FIG. 30 is still another embodiment C. The main difference between this embodiment C and the above embodiment is the structure of the brace. The brace 302 of Embodiment C is a K-shaped brace, which extends from near the center of one column member 100 toward each joint between the other column member 100 and the structural member 101. The damper 1 is attached between one end of the brace 302 and one of the pillars 100. The damper 1 is also attached to the other end of the brace 302 and between the other column member 100 and the structural member 101. In addition, each end of the brace 302 may be in contact with the column member 100 or the structural member 101, or a structure may be provided in which a clearance is provided therebetween. Further, an energy absorbing material 10 may be separately provided in the clearance.
また、図３１又は図３２に示す構造は、さらに別の実施形態Ｄである。この実施形態Ｄと上記実施形態との主な相違点は、筋交いの有無である。実施形態Ｄは、筋交いの代わりに壁材４０２を用いていて、一対の柱材１００と一対の構造材１０１とで構成される面に壁材４０２が取り付けられた構造である。そして、ダンパ１が、壁材４０２と、一対の柱材１００と一対の構造材１０１とが接合される４隅に取り付けられている。なお、ダンパ１は、４隅の接合部以外にも、壁材４０２と柱材１００との間や、壁材４０２と構造材１０１との間などに取り付けられる構造でもよい。 The structure shown in FIG. 31 or FIG. 32 is still another embodiment D. The main difference between this embodiment D and the above embodiment is the presence or absence of brace. Embodiment D has a structure in which a wall member 402 is used instead of the brace, and the wall member 402 is attached to a surface formed by a pair of pillar members 100 and a pair of structural members 101. The dampers 1 are attached to four corners where the wall member 402, the pair of pillar members 100, and the pair of structural members 101 are joined. The damper 1 may have a structure that can be attached between the wall member 402 and the column member 100, between the wall member 402 and the structural member 101, and the like, in addition to the joints at the four corners.
＜第２実施形態＞
（エネルギー吸収機構の構造）
次に、上記した実施形態とはまた別の実施形態について説明する。この実施形態は、上記したものとエネルギー吸収機構Ｓの構造が異なる。すなわち、ダンパ１とは別の構造のダンパ２０である。以下、この実施形態のダンパ２０の構造について説明する。
<Second embodiment>
(Structure of energy absorption mechanism)
Next, another embodiment different from the above-described embodiment will be described. This embodiment is different from the above in the structure of the energy absorbing mechanism S. That is, the damper 20 has a different structure from the damper 1. Hereinafter, the structure of the damper 20 of this embodiment will be described.
図３３は、ダンパ２０を示す模式図である。図３３に示すように、ダンパ１と同様、ダンパ２０は、柱材１００と、これに対し傾斜する方向に延びる筋交い１０２との間に取り付けられる。上記したダンパ１と大きく異なる点は、ダンパ２０が、ゴムを使用せず、金属のみを用いてバネ定数の異なる部分を設けた構造である点である。ダンパ２０は、金属板が加工されて形成され、バネ定数の異なる第１バネ部２１と、第２バネ部２２と、板状固定部２３とを備える。 FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram illustrating the damper 20. As shown in FIG. 33, similarly to the damper 1, the damper 20 is attached between a column member 100 and a brace 102 extending in a direction inclined with respect to the column member 100. A major difference from the above-described damper 1 is that the damper 20 has a structure in which a portion having a different spring constant is provided using only metal without using rubber. The damper 20 is formed by processing a metal plate, and includes a first spring portion 21, a second spring portion 22, and a plate-shaped fixing portion 23 having different spring constants.
板状固定部２３は、柱材１００にネジ等で固定される。第２バネ部２２は、板状固定部２３から略９０度折り曲げられて連設されており、筋交い１０２の方向に延在し、筋交い１０２にネジ等で固定される。第１バネ部２１は、第２バネ部２２と同一面上に連設され、筋交い１０２と反対面に山を成すように折り曲げられていて、一部が切り欠かれている。 The plate-shaped fixing portion 23 is fixed to the pillar member 100 with a screw or the like. The second spring portion 22 is bent approximately 90 degrees from the plate-shaped fixing portion 23 and is continuously provided. The second spring portion 22 extends in the direction of the brace 102 and is fixed to the brace 102 with a screw or the like. The first spring portion 21 is continuously provided on the same plane as the second spring portion 22, is bent so as to form a mountain on a surface opposite to the brace 102, and is partially cut away.
また、第２バネ部２２は、板状固定部２３に続く矩形状の部分と、そこから第１バネ部２１の一方端部に続き、第１バネ部２１を超えて、第１バネ部２１の他方端部に続く部分とを有する。 In addition, the second spring portion 22 is connected to a rectangular portion following the plate-shaped fixing portion 23, one end of the first spring portion 21 from there, beyond the first spring portion 21, and the first spring portion 21. And a portion following the other end.
これにより、第１バネ部２１は、第２バネ部２２に比べてバネ定数が小さくなっていて、振動を吸収する。一方、第２バネ部２２はバネ定数が高く剛性が高い。これらの組み合わせにより、剛性と吸収性を兼ね備え、振動に対して効果的なダンパとなる。 Thus, the first spring portion 21 has a smaller spring constant than the second spring portion 22 and absorbs vibration. On the other hand, the second spring portion 22 has a high spring constant and high rigidity. By these combinations, a damper having both rigidity and absorptivity and effective against vibration is obtained.
次に、ダンパ２０の機構について説明する。図３９（ａ）に示すように、ダンパ２０は、振動が生じると、山折り状の第１バネ部２１が変形することで振動を吸収する。なお、振動が大きい場合は、第２バネ部２２がきくこととなる。 Next, the mechanism of the damper 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 39A, when the vibration is generated, the damper 20 absorbs the vibration by deforming the mountain-folded first spring portion 21. In the case where the vibration is large, the second spring portion 22 will work.
なお、図４０（ａ）に示すように、ダンパ２０は、第１バネ部２１を覆うように、ゴム部材で被覆された構造としてもよい。ゴム部材を被覆することで、バネ定数が上昇し、耐振動性が向上する。すなわち、金属のみの場合よりも、大きい振動に対応可能となる。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 40A, the damper 20 may be structured to be covered with a rubber member so as to cover the first spring portion 21. By covering the rubber member, the spring constant is increased, and the vibration resistance is improved. That is, it is possible to cope with larger vibration than in the case of using only metal.
（変形例）
また、図３４にダンパ２０の変形例を示す。図３４に示すように、ダンパ２０が板状固定部２３により柱材のみに固定されるのに対し、ダンパ３０は、２つの板状固定部３３、３４を備え、柱材１００及び横架材（土台）１０１にネジ等により固定される構造である。
(Modification)
FIG. 34 shows a modification of the damper 20. As shown in FIG. 34, the damper 20 is fixed to only the column by the plate-shaped fixing portion 23, whereas the damper 30 includes two plate-shaped fixing portions 33 and 34, and the column 100 and the horizontal member (Base) This is a structure that is fixed to 101 by screws or the like.
また、図３５に示すように、ダンパ４０は、ダンパ２０の第２バネ部２２が板状固定部２３に続く部分が矩形状であるのに対し、第２バネ部４２が三角形状で構成されている。そして、第２バネ部４２の三角形状の斜辺から、山状に折り曲げられた第１バネ部４１が続く構造である。なお、ダンパ３０及びダンパ４０も、第１バネ部３１、４１がゴム部材で被覆された構造としてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 35, the damper 40 is configured such that the portion where the second spring portion 22 of the damper 20 follows the plate-shaped fixing portion 23 has a rectangular shape, whereas the second spring portion 42 has a triangular shape. ing. The triangular oblique side of the second spring portion 42 is followed by the first spring portion 41 bent in a mountain shape. The dampers 30 and 40 may also have a structure in which the first spring portions 31 and 41 are covered with a rubber member.
（その他のエネルギー吸収機構）
次に、上記したダンパとは別の構造のダンパについて説明する。図３６に示す、ダンパ５０は、金属板が加工されて形成され、バネ定数の異なる第１バネ部５１と、第２バネ部５２と、板状固定部５３とを備える。
(Other energy absorption mechanisms)
Next, a damper having a structure different from the above-described damper will be described. The damper 50 shown in FIG. 36 is formed by processing a metal plate, and includes a first spring portion 51, a second spring portion 52, and a plate-shaped fixing portion 53 having different spring constants.
板状固定部５３は、柱材１００にネジ等で固定される。第２バネ部５２は、板状固定部５３から略９０度折り曲げられて連設されており、筋交い１０２の方向に延在している。また、第２バネ部５２は、板状固定部５３に続く三角形状の部分と、三角形状の斜辺に続く第１バネ部５１を超えて、第１バネ部５１の端部に続く部分とを有する。 The plate-shaped fixing portion 53 is fixed to the pillar member 100 with a screw or the like. The second spring portion 52 is bent approximately 90 degrees from the plate-shaped fixing portion 53 and is continuously provided, and extends in the direction of the brace 102. The second spring portion 52 has a triangular portion following the plate-shaped fixing portion 53 and a portion extending beyond the first spring portion 51 following the triangular hypotenuse and continuing to the end of the first spring portion 51. Have.
第１バネ部５１は、第２バネ部５２の三角形状の斜辺から続いていて、板状の第２バネ部の両面に突出するように、台形状に折り曲げられて構成されている。具体的には、板状の金属板に切り込みが設けられ、第２バネ部５２の面に対して表面側と裏面側に交互に突出するように形成されている。そして、第１バネ部５１の筋交い側に突出した一方の面が、筋交い１０２にネジ等で固定されている。 The first spring portion 51 is configured to be trapezoidally bent so as to continue from the triangular oblique side of the second spring portion 52 and protrude from both sides of the plate-shaped second spring portion. Specifically, a notch is provided in a plate-shaped metal plate, and the metal plate is formed so as to alternately protrude from the surface of the second spring portion 52 to the front side and the back side. One surface of the first spring portion 51 protruding toward the brace is fixed to the brace 102 with a screw or the like.
これにより、第１バネ部５１は、第２バネ部５２に比べてバネ定数が小さくなっていて、振動を吸収する。一方、第２バネ部５２はバネ定数が高く剛性が高い。これらの組み合わせにより、剛性と吸収性を兼ね備え、振動に対して効果的なダンパとなる。 Thus, the first spring portion 51 has a smaller spring constant than the second spring portion 52 and absorbs vibration. On the other hand, the second spring portion 52 has a high spring constant and high rigidity. By these combinations, a damper having both rigidity and absorptivity and effective against vibration is obtained.
次に、ダンパ５０の機構について説明する。図３９（ｂ）に示すように、ダンパ５０は、振動が生じると、台形状の第１バネ部５１が変形することで振動を吸収する。なお、振動が大きい場合は、第２バネ部５２がきくこととなる。 Next, the mechanism of the damper 50 will be described. As shown in FIG. 39 (b), when vibration occurs, the damper 50 absorbs the vibration by deforming the trapezoidal first spring portion 51. In the case where the vibration is large, the second spring portion 52 will work.
また、図４０（ｂ）に示すように、ダンパ５０は、第１バネ部５１を覆うように、ゴム部材で被覆された構造としてもよい。ゴム部材を被覆することで、バネ定数が上昇し、耐振動性が向上する。すなわち、金属のみの場合よりも、大きい振動に対応可能となる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 40B, the damper 50 may be configured to be covered with a rubber member so as to cover the first spring portion 51. By covering the rubber member, the spring constant is increased, and the vibration resistance is improved. That is, it is possible to cope with larger vibration than in the case of using only metal.
次に、ダンパ５０とはまた別の構造のダンパ６０について説明する。図３７に示すダンパ６０は、ダンパ５０と、主として第１バネ部の構造が異なる。ダンパ６０の第１バネ部６１は、第２バネ部６２の面から、筋交い１０２と反対面側に突出する。第１バネ部６１は、第２バネ部６２から垂直に立ち上がり、そこから第２バネ部６２の面と平行に折り曲げられて延在し、そこからさらに第２バネ部６２の面に向けて垂直に折り曲げられ、略直方体が突出した構造となっている。そして、この略直方体状の突出部が２つ存在する。 Next, a damper 60 having a structure different from that of the damper 50 will be described. The damper 60 shown in FIG. 37 differs from the damper 50 mainly in the structure of the first spring portion. The first spring portion 61 of the damper 60 projects from the surface of the second spring portion 62 to the side opposite to the brace 102. The first spring portion 61 rises vertically from the second spring portion 62, and is bent and extended from the second spring portion 62 in parallel with the surface of the second spring portion 62, and further vertically extends toward the surface of the second spring portion 62 therefrom. It has a structure in which a substantially rectangular parallelepiped is projected. And there are two substantially rectangular parallelepiped protrusions.
また、図３８に示すダンパ７０は、ダンパ６０が第１バネ部６１と第２バネ部６２からなる部分が筋交い１０２に沿った形状で構成されているのに対し、柱材１００から真横に伸びる長方形状で構成されている。また、図４０（ｃ）に示すように、ダンパ６０及びダンパ７０も、第１バネ部６１、７１がゴム部材で被覆された構造としてもよい。 Also, in the damper 70 shown in FIG. 38, the damper 60 is configured such that the portion including the first spring portion 61 and the second spring portion 62 is formed along the brace 102, whereas the damper 60 extends from the column member 100 to the side. It has a rectangular shape. Further, as shown in FIG. 40C, the dampers 60 and 70 may also have a structure in which the first spring portions 61 and 71 are covered with a rubber member.
１ ダンパ
２ 剛性部材
３ 弾性部材
４ 板状固定部
４ａ 取付孔
５ 筒状固定部
５ａ 第１の板部分
５ｂ 第２の板部分
５ｃ ブリッジ部
５ｄ 第１の貫通孔
５ｅ 第２の貫通孔
５ｆ 第３の貫通孔
５ｇ 第４の貫通孔
６ 結合部
７ 第１の固定具
８ 第２の固定具
９ 凸部
１０ エネルギー吸収材
２０ ダンパ
２１ 第１バネ部
２２ 第２バネ部
２３ 板状固定部
２０ ダンパ
３１ 第１バネ部
３２ 第２バネ部
３３、３４ 板状固定部
４０ ダンパ
４１ 第１バネ部
４２ 第２バネ部
４３ 板状固定部
５０ ダンパ
５１ 第１バネ部
５２ 第２バネ部
５３ 板状固定部
６０ ダンパ
６１ 第１バネ部
６２ 第２バネ部
６３ 板状固定部
７０ ダンパ
７１ 第１バネ部
７２ 第２バネ部
７３ 板状固定部
１００ 柱材
１０１ 構造材（土台）
１０２ 筋交い
２０２ 筋交い
３０２ 筋交い
４０２ 壁材
Ｃ 空隙
Ｓ エネルギー吸収機構
Ｓ１ 第１バネ部材
Ｓ２ 第２バネ部材
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 damper 2 rigid member 3 elastic member 4 plate-shaped fixing portion 4a mounting hole 5 cylindrical fixing portion 5a first plate portion 5b second plate portion 5c bridge portion 5d first through hole 5e second through hole 5f 3 through-hole 5g 4th through-hole 6 coupling portion 7 first fixing device 8 second fixing device 9 convex portion 10 energy absorbing material 20 damper 21 first spring portion 22 second spring portion 23 plate-shaped fixing portion 20 Damper 31 First spring part 32 Second spring part 33, 34 Plate-shaped fixing part 40 Damper 41 First spring part 42 Second spring part 43 Plate-shaped fixing part 50 Damper 51 First spring part 52 Second spring part 53 Plate-shaped Fixed part 60 Damper 61 First spring part 62 Second spring part 63 Plate-shaped fixed part 70 Damper 71 First spring part 72 Second spring part 73 Plate-shaped fixed part 100 Column material 101 Structural material (base)
102 Brace 202 Brace 302 Brace 402 Wall material C Void S Energy absorption mechanism S1 First spring member S2 Second spring member
Claims (10)
第１のバネ部と、第２のバネ部と、を備え、
前記第１のバネ部は、第１バネ定数Ｋ１が１．５〜７．５ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲であり、
前記第２のバネ部は、第２バネ定数Ｋ２が５．０〜３０．０ｋＮ／ｍｍの範囲であり、
下記数式１を満たし、かつ、下記数式２により導き出されるＫの数値が１．４〜４．９の範囲内であり、
前記接合部において、前記筋交い材の端部と、前記柱材又は前記構造材との間にクリアランスを設けて設置される、エネルギー吸収機構。
Ｋ１＜Ｋ２ ・・・（数式１）
Ｋ＝（Ｋ１×Ｋ２）／（Ｋ１＋Ｋ２） ・・・（数式２） A wooden structure comprising a pair of pillars extending in the vertical direction, a pair of structural members extending in the horizontal direction, and a diagonally extending brace connecting one joint and another joint of the pillar and the structural material. An energy absorbing mechanism used for a building, which is fixed to the column material and / or the structural material and the bracing material,
A first spring portion and a second spring portion,
The first spring portion has a first spring constant K1 in a range of 1.5 to 7.5 kN / mm,
The second spring portion has a second spring constant K2 in a range of 5.0 to 30.0 kN / mm,
The value of K that satisfies the following expression 1 and is derived from the following expression 2 is in the range of 1.4 to 4.9,
An energy absorbing mechanism, wherein a clearance is provided between the end of the brace member and the column member or the structural member at the joint portion.
K1 <K2 (Equation 1)
K = (K1 × K2) / (K1 + K2) (Formula 2)
請求項１に記載のエネルギー吸収機構。 An energy absorbing material is arranged in the clearance.
The energy absorbing mechanism according to claim 1.
前記第２のバネ部は、金属又は樹脂からなり、前記第１のバネ部より剛性が高い第２板状部を備え、
前記第１板状部と、前記第２板状部とが接合されてなる、
請求項１又は請求項２に記載のエネルギー吸収機構。 The first spring portion includes a first plate-shaped portion made of an elastic material,
The second spring portion includes a second plate-shaped portion made of metal or resin and having higher rigidity than the first spring portion,
The first plate-shaped portion and the second plate-shaped portion are joined,
The energy absorbing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2 .
前記第１板状部が、一対の前記第２板状部により挟持されてなる、
請求項３に記載のエネルギー吸収機構。 The second spring portion includes a pair of second plate-shaped portions,
The first plate-like portion is sandwiched between a pair of the second plate-like portions,
The energy absorbing mechanism according to claim 3.
請求項４に記載のエネルギー吸収機構。 The second spring portion includes a connecting portion that connects the pair of second plate-shaped portions,
The energy absorbing mechanism according to claim 4.
請求項５に記載のエネルギー吸収機構。 The connection portion is a plurality of bridges that couple the pair of second plate-shaped portions,
The energy absorbing mechanism according to claim 5.
請求項３乃至請求項６のいずれか１項に記載のエネルギー吸収機構。 The second spring portion includes a mounting portion for fixing the column material and / or the structural material,
The energy absorbing mechanism according to claim 3.
請求項７に記載のエネルギー吸収機構。 The first plate-shaped portion, the second plate-shaped portion, and the mounting portion include a through hole,
The energy absorbing mechanism according to claim 7.
前記被覆部は、前記第１のバネ部と一体に形成されてなる、
請求項３乃至請求項８のいずれか１項に記載のエネルギー吸収機構。 A coating portion made of an elastic material, which covers a surface of the second plate-shaped portion,
The covering portion is formed integrally with the first spring portion,
An energy absorbing mechanism according to any one of claims 3 to 8.
前記エネルギー吸収機構は、前記筋交い材の端部と、前記柱材及び／又は前記構造材とに固定されている、
木造建物。
An energy absorbing mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the column member, the structural member, and the brace member,
The energy absorbing mechanism is fixed to an end of the brace member and the column member and / or the structural member.
Wooden building.
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