JP6615636B2 - Heat shielding and light shielding agricultural film - Google Patents
Heat shielding and light shielding agricultural film Download PDFInfo
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- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 157
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- -1 polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWLHAQYOFMQTHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-N-[8-[[8-(4-aminoanilino)-10-phenylphenazin-10-ium-2-yl]amino]-10-phenylphenazin-10-ium-2-yl]-8-N,10-diphenylphenazin-10-ium-2,8-diamine hydroxy-oxido-dioxochromium Chemical compound O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.Nc1ccc(Nc2ccc3nc4ccc(Nc5ccc6nc7ccc(Nc8ccc9nc%10ccc(Nc%11ccccc%11)cc%10[n+](-c%10ccccc%10)c9c8)cc7[n+](-c7ccccc7)c6c5)cc4[n+](-c4ccccc4)c3c2)cc1 FWLHAQYOFMQTHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWZOQAGVRGQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1CCOC(=O)CCC(O)=O SWZOQAGVRGQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004712 Metallocene polyethylene (PE-MC) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- JFHGLVIOIANSIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butanedioate;1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC.CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1CCO JFHGLVIOIANSIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJOLCKGSXLIVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;octadecanamide Chemical compound C=C.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O ZJOLCKGSXLIVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001034 iron oxide pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORECYURYFJYPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexane-1,6-diamine;2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine;2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)N.ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1.C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1NCCCCCCNC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 ORECYURYFJYPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
本発明は、遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムに関する。 The present invention relates to a heat shielding and light shielding agricultural film.
従来、遮熱性、遮光性を有する農業用フィルム（遮熱遮光性フィルム）は、シイタケに代表される菌床栽培、花卉園芸植物の開花時期を調整する電照栽培等に使用されている。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, agricultural films having heat shielding properties and light shielding properties (heat shielding light shielding films) are used for fungus bed cultivation represented by shiitake mushrooms, electric cultivation for adjusting the flowering time of flower garden plants, and the like.
特許文献１には、農業用施設に使用される遮光性農業用ポリオレフィン系樹脂フイルムであって、特に遮光安定性、フイルム強度、耐候性の良好な５層構造の遮光性農業用ポリオレフィン系樹脂フイルムが開示されている。
具体的には、特許文献１の請求項１には、「農業用施設などに被覆される遮光性農業用ポリオレフィン系樹脂フイルムの外面側の層から、（Ａ）線状低密度ポリエチレン樹脂を主成分とする透明樹脂層、（Ｂ）線状低密度ポリエチレン樹脂を主成分とする樹脂成分に酸化チタン顔料を配合した白色樹脂層、（Ｃ）線状低密度ポリエチレン樹脂を主成分とする樹脂成分に酸化チタン顔料およびカーボンブラック顔料を配合した灰色樹脂層、（Ｄ）酢酸ビニル含有量が５〜２８重量％のポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる樹脂成分に酸化チタン顔料を配合した白色樹脂層、（Ｅ）酢酸ビニル含有量が３〜１５重量％のポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる透明樹脂層の順に５層構造とされ、フイルム全体の厚みが７５〜１６０μｍの範囲で、遮光率が９９．９％以上であることを特徴とする遮光性農業用ポリオレフィン系樹脂フイルム。」が開示されている。
Specifically, claim 1 of
特許文献１に記載の遮光性農業用ポリオレフィン系樹脂フイルムは、着色層のうち白色樹脂層を内面側に配置することによって電照栽培に用いるナトリウムランプなどの反射率を高めることが記載されているが、強すぎる光の反射により作物の育成調整が難しくなるという問題がある。また、強すぎる光の反射は遮光性のハウス内で作業をする際に眩しすぎることにより作業時の快適な視野の確保の妨げになるという問題もある。
The light-shielding polyolefin resin film for agricultural use described in
よって、本発明は、菌床栽培及び／又は電照栽培のハウス展張用として有用な遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムであって、遮熱遮光性に加えて電照栽培に用いるナトリウムランプなどの反射率を作物の生育調整に適した範囲に設定でき、且つ、遮光性のハウス内での作業時に快適な視野の確保が可能な遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムを提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention is a heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film that is useful as a house extension for fungus bed cultivation and / or electric lighting cultivation, and in addition to heat-shielding and light-shielding characteristics, such as a sodium lamp used for electric lighting cultivation. An object of the present invention is to provide a heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film capable of setting the rate within a range suitable for crop growth adjustment and capable of ensuring a comfortable visual field when working in a light-shielding house.
本発明者らは上記目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定の層構成を有する多層フィルムによれば上記目的を達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by a multilayer film having a specific layer structure, and have completed the present invention.
即ち、本発明は、下記の農業用フィルムに関する。
１．透明層、白色層及び灰色層の３層を当該順に有する多層フィルムであって、
（１）前記透明層は顔料を含有しない層であり、前記白色層は白色顔料を含有する層であり、前記灰色層は白色顔料及び黒色顔料を含有する層であり、
（２）前記３層は、いずれもポリオレフィン系樹脂を含有し、且つ、前記３層のうち前記透明層が位置する側が太陽光が当たる側であり、
（３）前記多層フィルムの太陽光が当たる側の日射反射率が６０％以上であり、
（４）前記灰色層の可視光線反射率が５％以上５０％以下であり、且つ、前記灰色層は着色層の位置では太陽光が当たる側から最も離れており、
（５）前記多層フィルムの全光線透過率が０．０１％以下である、
ことを特徴とする遮熱遮光性農業用フィルム。
２．前記３層のみからなる、上記項１に記載の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルム。
３．菌床栽培及び／又は電照栽培のハウス展張用である、上記項１又は２に記載の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルム。
That is, the present invention relates to the following agricultural films.
1. A multilayer film having three layers of a transparent layer, a white layer and a gray layer in the order,
(1) The transparent layer is a layer containing no pigment, the white layer is a layer containing a white pigment, and the gray layer is a layer containing a white pigment and a black pigment,
( 2 ) Each of the three layers contains a polyolefin-based resin, and the side on which the transparent layer is located among the three layers is a side on which sunlight hits,
( 3 ) The solar reflectance of the multilayer film on which the sunlight hits is 60% or more,
( 4 ) The visible light reflectance of the gray layer is 5% or more and 50% or less, and the gray layer is farthest from the side where the sunlight hits at the position of the colored layer,
( 5 ) The total light transmittance of the multilayer film is 0.01% or less.
A heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film.
2.
3.
本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムは、特定の３層（透明層、白色層及び灰色層）を当該順に有し、特に着色層の位置では太陽光が当たる側から最も離れた位置に可視光線反射率が５％以上５０％以下の灰色層を有することにより、遮熱遮光性に加えて電照栽培に用いるナトリウムランプなどの反射率を作物の生育調整に適した範囲に設定でき、且つ、遮光性のハウス内での作業時に快適な視野を確保することができる。本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムは、菌床栽培及び／又は電照栽培のハウス展張用として有用である。 The heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film of the present invention has specific three layers (transparent layer, white layer, and gray layer) in this order, and is particularly visible at the most distant position from the side on which sunlight strikes at the position of the colored layer. By having a gray layer with a light reflectance of 5% or more and 50% or less, it is possible to set the reflectance such as a sodium lamp used for electric cultivation in a range suitable for growth adjustment of crops in addition to heat shielding and light shielding properties, and A comfortable field of view can be ensured when working in a shading house. The heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film of the present invention is useful for extending a house for fungus bed cultivation and / or electric cultivation.
本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムは、透明層（Ａ層）、白色層（Ｂ層）及び灰色層（Ｃ層）の３層を当該順に有する多層フィルムであって、
（１）前記３層は、いずれもポリオレフィン系樹脂を含有し、且つ、前記３層のうち前記透明層が位置する側が太陽光が当たる側であり、
（２）前記多層フィルムの太陽光が当たる側の日射反射率が６０％以上であり、
（３）前記灰色層の可視光線反射率が５％以上５０％以下であり、且つ、前記灰色層は着色層の位置では太陽光が当たる側から最も離れており、
（４）前記多層フィルムの全光線透過率が０．０１％以下である、
ことを特徴とする。
The heat-shielding light-shielding agricultural film of the present invention is a multilayer film having three layers of a transparent layer (A layer), a white layer (B layer) and a gray layer (C layer) in that order.
(1) Each of the three layers contains a polyolefin-based resin, and the side on which the transparent layer is located among the three layers is a side on which sunlight hits,
(2) The solar reflectance of the multilayer film on which the sunlight hits is 60% or more,
(3) The visible light reflectance of the gray layer is 5% or more and 50% or less, and the gray layer is farthest from the side on which sunlight strikes at the position of the colored layer,
(4) The total light transmittance of the multilayer film is 0.01% or less.
It is characterized by that.
以下、本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムを構成する各層について説明する。 Hereinafter, each layer constituting the heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film of the present invention will be described.
図１は本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムの層構成の一例を示している。図１は必須の３層〔透明層（Ａ層）、白色層（Ｂ層）及び灰色層（Ｃ層）〕のみからなる層構成を示しているが、本発明の所定の層構成の条件及び効果に影響を与えない範囲でその他の層を有することができる。図１の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムを用いてハウス展張した場合、透明性（Ａ層）が太陽光が当たる側であり、灰色層（Ｃ層）がハウス内側となる。 FIG. 1 shows an example of the layer structure of the heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a layer structure composed of only three essential layers [transparent layer (A layer), white layer (B layer) and gray layer (C layer)]. Other layers can be included as long as the effect is not affected. When the house is stretched using the heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film of FIG. 1, the transparency (A layer) is the side on which the sunlight strikes and the gray layer (C layer) is the inside of the house.
透明層（Ａ層）、白色層（Ｂ層）及び灰色層（Ｃ層）は、いずれも樹脂成分としてポリオレフィン系樹脂を含有する。樹脂成分１００重量％中のポリオレフィン系樹脂の含有量は主成分となり得る量であればよいが、通常６０重量％以上が好ましく、８０重量％以上がより好ましく、全樹脂成分がポリオレフィン系樹脂であることがより好ましい。ポリオレフィン系樹脂以外の樹脂を混合する場合には、ポリ塩化ビニル等の樹脂が挙げられる。 The transparent layer (A layer), the white layer (B layer) and the gray layer (C layer) all contain a polyolefin resin as a resin component. The content of the polyolefin resin in 100% by weight of the resin component may be an amount that can be a main component, but is usually preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more, and the entire resin component is a polyolefin resin. It is more preferable. When a resin other than a polyolefin-based resin is mixed, a resin such as polyvinyl chloride is used.
ポリオレフィン系樹脂としては特に限定されず、α−オレフィン系の単独重合体、α−オレフィンを主成分とする異種単量体との共重合体、α−オレフィンと共役ジエンまたは非共役ジエン等の多不飽和化合物、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、酢酸ビニル等との共重合体等を用いることができ、例えば、高密度、低密度又は直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、エチレン−ブテン共重合体、エチレン−４−メチル−１−ペンテン共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体（ＥＶＡ）、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体等が挙げられる。これらのうち、密度が０．８９０〜０．９３５の低密度ポリエチレン、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン、エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体および酢酸ビニル含有量が３０重量％以下のエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体が、透明性や耐候性および価格の点から樹脂成分として好ましい。 The polyolefin-based resin is not particularly limited, and α-olefin-based homopolymers, copolymers of α-olefins as main components with different monomers, α-olefins and conjugated dienes, and nonconjugated dienes. Copolymers with unsaturated compounds, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, etc. can be used, for example, high density, low density or linear low density polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene -Butene copolymer, ethylene-4-methyl-1-pentene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and the like. Among these, low density polyethylene having a density of 0.890 to 0.935, linear low density polyethylene, ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 30% by weight or less The coalescence is preferable as a resin component from the viewpoint of transparency, weather resistance and price.
また、本発明において、ポリオレフィン系樹脂の少なくとも一成分としてメタロセン触媒で共重合して得られるエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合樹脂を使用することができる。これは、通常、メタロセンポリエチレンといわれているものであり、エチレンとブテン−１、ヘキセン−１、４−メチルペンテン−１、オクテンなどのα−オレフィンとの共重合体である。 In the present invention, an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer resin obtained by copolymerization with a metallocene catalyst can be used as at least one component of the polyolefin resin. This is usually referred to as metallocene polyethylene, and is a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin such as butene-1, hexene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, octene.
ポリオレフィン系樹脂としてエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体を用いる場合、当該エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体のＪＩＳ−Ｋ７２１０により測定されるメルトフローレート（ＭＦＲ）は、０．０１〜１０ｇ／１０分が好ましく、０．１〜５ｇ／１０分がより好ましい。該ＭＦＲがこの範囲より大きいと成形時に農業用フィルムが蛇行して安定しないおそれがある。また、該ＭＦＲがこの範囲より小さいと成形時の樹脂圧力が増大し、成形機に負荷がかかるため、生産量を減少させて圧力の増大を抑制しなければならず、実用性に乏しくなるおそれがある。 When an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer is used as the polyolefin resin, the melt flow rate (MFR) measured by JIS-K7210 of the ethylene-α-olefin copolymer is 0.01 to 10 g / 10 min. Preferably, 0.1 to 5 g / 10 min is more preferable. If the MFR is larger than this range, the agricultural film may meander and become unstable during molding. Further, if the MFR is smaller than this range, the resin pressure during molding increases and a load is applied to the molding machine. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the production amount to suppress the increase in pressure, which may impair practicality. There is.
上記エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体のＪＩＳ Ｋ７１１２により測定される密度は、０．８８０〜０．９３０ｇ／ｃｍ３が好ましく、０．８８０〜０．９２０ｇ／ｃｍ３がより好ましい。該密度が上記範囲であることにより、樹脂成分の透明性に優れ、且つ、表面のべたつきが抑制されてブロッキングの発生を抑制することができる。 Density measured by JIS K7112 of the ethylene -α- olefin copolymer is preferably 0.880 to 0.930 g / cm 3, more preferably 0.880~0.920g / cm 3. When the density is in the above range, the transparency of the resin component is excellent, and the stickiness of the surface is suppressed, and the occurrence of blocking can be suppressed.
上記エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体のゲルパーミュレーションクロマトグラフィー（ＧＰＣ）によって求められる分子量分布（重量平均分子量／数平均分子量）は１．５〜３．５が好ましく、１．５〜３．０がより好ましい。該分子量分布が上記範囲であることにより、農業用フィルムの機械的強度が優れ、且つ、成形時に農業用フィルムの蛇行が抑制されて、生産性に優れる。 The molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight) determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of the ethylene-α-olefin copolymer is preferably 1.5 to 3.5, and preferably 1.5 to 3. 0 is more preferable. When the molecular weight distribution is within the above range, the mechanical strength of the agricultural film is excellent, and the meandering of the agricultural film is suppressed at the time of molding, and the productivity is excellent.
ポリオレフィン系樹脂としてエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体を用いる場合、当該共重合体は、酢酸ビニル含有量が３〜２５重量％の範囲が好ましく、５〜２０重量％の範囲がより好ましい。酢酸ビニル含有量を上記範囲とすることにより、農業用フィルムの硬化が抑制されてハウス展張時にシワや弛みの発生が抑制される。また、酢酸ビニル含有量を上記範囲とすることにより、樹脂の融点の低下によるハウス展張時の夏場の高温下での農業用フィルムの弛みが抑制され、風でばたついてハウス構造体との擦れが生じることによる破れの発生を抑制することができる。 When an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is used as the polyolefin-based resin, the copolymer preferably has a vinyl acetate content of 3 to 25% by weight, more preferably 5 to 20% by weight. By setting the vinyl acetate content in the above range, the curing of the agricultural film is suppressed, and the generation of wrinkles and slack is suppressed when the house is extended. In addition, by making the vinyl acetate content within the above range, loosening of the agricultural film at high temperatures in the summertime due to a decrease in the melting point of the resin is suppressed, and flapping with the wind and rubbing against the house structure The generation | occurrence | production of the tear by having arisen can be suppressed.
透明層（Ａ層）
透明層（Ａ層）は、上記ポリオレフィン系樹脂（及び他の樹脂成分との混合物）のうち透明性の樹脂成分により製膜することができる。
Transparent layer (A layer)
The transparent layer (A layer) can be formed from a transparent resin component of the polyolefin resin (and a mixture with other resin components).
透明層（Ａ層）の厚さは限定的ではないが、１０〜４０μｍが好ましく、１５〜３０μｍがより好ましい。 Although the thickness of a transparent layer (A layer) is not limited, 10-40 micrometers is preferable and 15-30 micrometers is more preferable.
透明層（Ａ層）には本発明の効果を妨げない範囲で添加剤を添加することができる。添加剤としては、ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤、滑剤、酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。 Additives can be added to the transparent layer (A layer) as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of the additive include hindered amine light stabilizers, lubricants, antioxidants and the like.
前記ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤としては、従来公知の任意のものを使用できる。その具体例としては、コハク酸ジメチル−１−（２−ヒドロキシエチル）−４−ヒドロキシ−２，２，６，６−テトラメチルピペリジン重縮合物、テトラキス（２，２，６，６−テトラメチル−４−ピペリジル）−１，２，３，４−ブタンテトラカルボキシレート、ポリ｛［６−［（１，１，３，３−テトラメチルブチル）アミノ］−１，３，５−トリアジン−２，４−ジイル］［（２，２，６，６−テトラメチル−４−ピペリジル）イミノ］ヘキサメチレン［（２，２，６，６−テトラメチル−４−ピペリジル）イミノ］｝等が挙げられる。これらのヒンダードアミン系光安定剤は単独で使用しても、２種以上を併用してもよい。例えば、ＢＡＳＦジャパンから販売されている製品名ＴＩＮＵＶＩＮ ６２２、ＣＨＩＭＡＳＳＯＲＢ ９４４などが知られている。 Any conventionally known hindered amine light stabilizer can be used. Specific examples thereof include dimethyl succinate-1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine polycondensate, tetrakis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl). -4-piperidyl) -1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, poly {[6-[(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) amino] -1,3,5-triazine-2 , 4-diyl] [(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino] hexamethylene [(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino]} and the like. . These hindered amine light stabilizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. For example, product names TINUVIN 622 and CHIMASSORB 944 sold by BASF Japan are known.
滑剤としては、例えば、ステアリン酸アマイド等の飽和脂肪酸アマイド、エルカ酸アマイド、オレイン酸アマイド等の不飽和脂肪酸アマイド、エチレンビスステアリン酸アマイド等のビスアマイドなどが挙げられる。これらの滑剤は単独で使用しても、２種以上を併用してもよい。 Examples of the lubricant include saturated fatty acid amides such as stearic acid amide, unsaturated fatty acid amides such as erucic acid amide and oleic acid amide, and bisamides such as ethylene bis stearic acid amide. These lubricants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
酸化防止剤としては、例えば、カルボン酸の金属塩、フェノール系抗酸化剤、有機亜燐酸エステル等のキレーターなどが挙げられる。これらの酸化防止剤は単独で使用しても、２種以上を併用してもよい。 Examples of the antioxidant include metal salts of carboxylic acids, phenolic antioxidants, chelators such as organic phosphites, and the like. These antioxidants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
白色層（Ｂ層）
白色層（Ｂ層）は、上記ポリオレフィン系樹脂（及び他の樹脂成分との混合物）のうち透明性の樹脂成分に白色顔料を添加することにより製膜することができる。
White layer (B layer)
The white layer (B layer) can be formed by adding a white pigment to a transparent resin component in the polyolefin-based resin (and a mixture with other resin components).
白色顔料としては限定的ではないが、例えば、酸化チタン、酸化ジルコニア、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、酸化亜鉛、硫酸バリウム、炭酸バリウム、シリカ、アルミナ、カオリン、クレー、タルク、白土、水酸化アルミ、炭酸マグネシウム、白色中空樹脂エマルジョンからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の混合物が挙げられる。これらの白色顔料の中でも金属酸化物が好ましく、酸化チタン、酸化ジルコニア、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、酸化亜鉛、硫酸バリウム、炭酸バリウム、シリカ、アルミナ等であり、特に酸化チタンが好ましい。これらの白色顔料の含有量は、特に多層フィルムの太陽光が当たる側の日射反射率が６０％以上となるように調整する。 Although it is not limited as a white pigment, for example, titanium oxide, zirconia oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, silica, alumina, kaolin, clay, talc, clay, aluminum hydroxide, carbonic acid One or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of magnesium and white hollow resin emulsions can be mentioned. Among these white pigments, metal oxides are preferable, and titanium oxide, zirconia oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, silica, alumina and the like are preferable, and titanium oxide is particularly preferable. The content of these white pigments is particularly adjusted so that the solar reflectance on the side of the multilayer film exposed to sunlight is 60% or more.
白色層（Ｂ層）の厚さは限定的ではないが、５０〜１３０μｍが好ましく、６０〜１００μｍがより好ましい。 Although the thickness of a white layer (B layer) is not limited, 50-130 micrometers is preferable and 60-100 micrometers is more preferable.
白色層（Ｂ層）には本発明の効果を妨げない範囲で添加剤を添加することができる。添加剤としては、ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤、滑剤、酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。これらの添加剤については、透明層（Ａ層）で説明したものが同様に使用できる。 Additives can be added to the white layer (B layer) as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of the additive include hindered amine light stabilizers, lubricants, antioxidants and the like. About these additives, what was demonstrated by the transparent layer (A layer) can be used similarly.
灰色層（Ｃ層）
灰色層（Ｃ層）は、上記ポリオレフィン系樹脂（及び他の樹脂成分との混合物）のうち透明性の樹脂成分に白色顔料及び黒色顔料を添加することにより製膜することができる。
Gray layer (C layer)
A gray layer (C layer) can be formed into a film by adding a white pigment and a black pigment to a transparent resin component among the said polyolefin-type resin (and mixture with another resin component).
白色顔料としては、白色層（Ｂ層）で記載したものが使用できる。 As the white pigment, those described in the white layer (B layer) can be used.
黒色顔料としては限定的ではないが、例えば、ファーネスブラック、ランプブラック、アセチレンブラック、チャネルブラック等のカーボンブラック類、銅酸化物、鉄酸化物等の金属類、アニリンブラック等の有機顔料からなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の混合物が挙げられる。これらの中でもカーボンブラック類が好ましい。 Although not limited as a black pigment, for example, a group consisting of carbon blacks such as furnace black, lamp black, acetylene black and channel black, metals such as copper oxide and iron oxide, and organic pigments such as aniline black 1 type, or 2 or more types of mixtures selected from these are mentioned. Among these, carbon blacks are preferable.
灰色層（Ｃ層）中の白色顔料及び黒色顔料の含有量は、特に灰色層の可視光線反射率が５％以上５０％以下となるように調整する。 The content of the white pigment and the black pigment in the gray layer (C layer) is particularly adjusted so that the visible light reflectance of the gray layer is 5% or more and 50% or less.
具体的には、ポリオレフィン系樹脂１００重量部に対して、白色顔料は、１５重量部〜９０重量部が好ましく、２０重量部〜８０重量部がより好ましく、３０〜７５重量部がさらに好ましい。また、ポリオレフィン系樹脂１００重量部に対して、黒色顔料は、２重量部〜３０重量部が好ましく、３重量部〜１０重量部がより好ましく、３〜７重量部がさらに好ましい。 Specifically, the white pigment is preferably 15 to 90 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 80 parts by weight, and still more preferably 30 to 75 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin. The black pigment is preferably 2 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 3 to 10 parts by weight, and further preferably 3 to 7 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin.
灰色層（Ｃ層）の厚さは限定的ではないが、１５〜４０μｍが好ましく、２０〜３０μｍがより好ましい。 Although the thickness of a gray layer (C layer) is not limited, 15-40 micrometers is preferable and 20-30 micrometers is more preferable.
灰色層（Ｃ層）には本発明の効果を妨げない範囲で添加剤を添加することができる。添加剤としては、ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤、滑剤、酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。これらの添加剤については、透明層（Ａ層）で説明したものが同様に使用できる。 Additives can be added to the gray layer (C layer) as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of the additive include hindered amine light stabilizers, lubricants, antioxidants and the like. About these additives, what was demonstrated by the transparent layer (A layer) can be used similarly.
上記透明層（Ａ層）、白色層（Ｂ層）及び灰色層（Ｃ層）の３層の厚さの割合は限定的ではないが、Ａ層：Ｂ層：Ｃ層は１０〜２０：６０〜７０：１５〜２５の範囲が好ましい。 The ratio of the thickness of the three layers of the transparent layer (A layer), the white layer (B layer) and the gray layer (C layer) is not limited, but the A layer: B layer: C layer is 10-20: 60. A range of ˜70: 15-25 is preferred.
その他の層及び本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムの特性
本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムは、上記透明層（Ａ層）、白色層（Ｂ層）及び灰色層（Ｃ層）の３層以外に、本発明の所定の層構成の条件及び効果に影響を与えない範囲でその他の層を有することができる。例えば、透明層（Ａ層）のより外側（太陽光が当たる側）に透明性の保護層を有してもよく、また、灰色層（Ｃ層）のより内側（ハウス展張時のハウス内側）に透明性の保護層を有してもよい。
Other Layers and Characteristics of the Heat-shielding and Light-shielding Agricultural Film of the Present Invention The heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film of the present invention comprises the transparent layer (A layer), the white layer (B layer) and the gray layer (C layer). In addition to the three layers, other layers can be included as long as the conditions and effects of the predetermined layer configuration of the present invention are not affected. For example, a transparent protective layer may be provided on the outer side of the transparent layer (A layer) (the side exposed to sunlight), and the inner side of the gray layer (C layer) (the inner side of the house when the house is extended) May have a transparent protective layer.
本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムは、多層フィルムの太陽光が当たる側の日射反射率が６０％以上である。日射反射率は６０％以上であればよいが、８０％以上が好ましい。本明細書における日射反射率は、分光光度計（日本分光(株)製、品番Ｖ−６７０）を用いてＪＩＳ Ｋ５６０２に準拠して太陽光が当たる側の日射反射率を測定した値である。 The heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film of the present invention has a solar reflectance of 60% or more on the side where the multilayer film is exposed to sunlight. The solar reflectance may be 60% or more, but preferably 80% or more. The solar reflectance in this specification is a value obtained by measuring the solar reflectance on the side exposed to sunlight in accordance with JIS K5602 using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, product number V-670).
本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムは、灰色層の可視光線反射率が５％以上５０％以下である。可視光線反射率は５％以上５０％以下であればよいが、１０％以上５０％以下が好ましい。本明細書における可視光線反射率は、分光光度計（日本分光(株)製、品番Ｖ−６７０）を用いて、灰色層の可視光線反射率を測定し５５０ｎｍの数値を求めた値である。なお、上記可視光線反射率の測定値は、前記のように灰色層（Ｃ層）のより内側（ハウス展張時のハウス内側）に透明性の保護層を更に有する場合には、本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムの最も内側から透明性の保護層を通して灰色層の可視光線反射率を測定した値を意味する。 In the heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film of the present invention, the visible light reflectance of the gray layer is 5% or more and 50% or less. The visible light reflectance may be 5% or more and 50% or less, but is preferably 10% or more and 50% or less. The visible light reflectance in this specification is a value obtained by measuring the visible light reflectance of the gray layer using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, product number V-670) to obtain a numerical value of 550 nm. In addition, the measured value of the visible light reflectivity described above is obtained when the transparent protective layer is further provided on the inner side of the gray layer (C layer) (the inner side of the house when the house is extended) as described above. It means a value obtained by measuring the visible light reflectance of the gray layer through the transparent protective layer from the innermost side of the heat-shielding agricultural film.
本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムは、多層フィルムの全光線透過率が０．０５％以下である。全光線透過率は０．０５％以下であればよいが、０．０１％以下が好ましい。本明細書における全光線透過率は、ヘーズメーター（日本電色工業株式会社製、品番ＮＤＨ２０００）を用いてＪＩＳ Ｋ７１０５に準拠して多層フィルムの全光線透過率を測定した値である。 In the heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film of the present invention, the total light transmittance of the multilayer film is 0.05% or less. The total light transmittance may be 0.05% or less, but is preferably 0.01% or less. The total light transmittance in this specification is the value which measured the total light transmittance of the multilayer film based on JISK7105 using the haze meter (the Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. make, product number NDH2000).
上記特徴を有する本発明の遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムは、遮熱遮光性に加えて電照栽培に用いるナトリウムランプなどの反射率を作物の生育調整に適した範囲に設定でき、且つ、遮光性のハウス内での作業時に快適な視野を確保することができる。かかる遮熱遮光性農業用フィルムは、菌床栽培及び／又は電照栽培のハウス展張用として有用である。 The heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film of the present invention having the above-mentioned characteristics can set the reflectance such as a sodium lamp used for electric cultivation in addition to the heat-shielding and light-shielding properties within a range suitable for crop growth adjustment, and is also light-shielding. A comfortable field of view can be secured when working in a sex house. Such a heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film is useful for extending a house for fungus bed cultivation and / or electric lighting cultivation.
以下、実施例及び比較例を示して本発明を具体的に説明する。但し、本発明は実施例に限定されない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.
実施例１〜６及び比較例１〜３
３層押出機のそれぞれの押出機内に、透明層（Ａ層）、白色層（Ｂ層）及び灰色層（Ｃ層）の各層が表１に記載の配合となるように樹脂成分及び顔料を投入し、溶融混練した。
Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3
In each extruder of the three-layer extruder, the resin component and the pigment are added so that each layer of the transparent layer (A layer), the white layer (B layer), and the gray layer (C layer) has the composition shown in Table 1. And kneaded.
Ａ層、Ｂ層及びＣ層の各層の厚さの比がＡ層：Ｂ層：Ｃ層＝１５：６５：２０となるようインフレーション法で３層を共押出しし、厚さ１５０μｍの農業用フィルムを得た。 Agricultural film having a thickness of 150 μm by coextrusion of three layers by the inflation method so that the ratio of the thicknesses of the A layer, B layer and C layer is A layer: B layer: C layer = 15: 65: 20 Got.
得られた実施例及び比較例の農業用フィルムについて、以下の評価を行った。
≪灰色層（Ｃ層）の可視光線反射率≫
分光光度計（日本分光株式会社製、品番Ｖ−６７０）を用いて灰色層の可視光線反射率を測定し、５５０ｎｍの数値を求めた。
The following evaluation was performed about the agricultural film of the obtained Example and comparative example.
≪Visible light reflectance of gray layer (C layer) ≫
The visible light reflectance of the gray layer was measured using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, product number V-670), and a numerical value of 550 nm was obtained.
評価基準は下記の通りとした。△又は○が許容範囲である。
×…５％未満又は５０％超過
△…５％以上１０％未満
○…１０％以上５０％以下
結果を表１に示す。
≪太陽光が当たる側（Ａ層側）の日射反射率≫
分光光度計（日本分光株式会社製、品番Ｖ−６７０）を用いてＪＩＳ Ｋ５６０２に準拠して太陽光が当たる側（Ａ層側）の日射反射率を測定した。
The evaluation criteria were as follows. Δ or ○ is an acceptable range.
X: Less than 5% or over 50% Δ: 5% or more and less than 10% ○: 10% or more and 50% or less The results are shown in Table 1.
≪Solar reflectance on the side that is exposed to sunlight (A layer side) ≫
Using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, product number V-670), the solar reflectance on the side where the sunlight hits (layer A side) was measured according to JIS K5602.
評価基準は下記の通りとした。△又は○が許容範囲である。
×…６０％未満
△…６０％以上８０％未満
○…８０％以上
結果を表１に示す。
≪遮光性（全光線透過率）≫
ヘーズメーター（日本電色工業株式会社製、品番ＮＤＨ２０００）を用いてＪＩＳ Ｋ７１０５に準拠して農業用フィルムの全光線透過率を測定した。
The evaluation criteria were as follows. Δ or ○ is an acceptable range.
X: Less than 60% Δ: 60% or more and less than 80% ○: 80% or more The results are shown in Table 1.
≪Shading (total light transmittance) ≫
The total light transmittance of the agricultural film was measured according to JIS K7105 using a haze meter (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., product number NDH2000).
評価基準は下記の通りとした。○が許容範囲である。
×…０．１％超過
△…０．０１％超過、０．１％以下
○…０．０１％以下
結果を表１に示す。
≪ハウス内の作業性≫
農業用フィルムを用いて透明層（Ａ層）が太陽光が当たる側となるようにハウス展張し、ハウス内で作業灯（パナソニック製、品番電照用電球〈商品名：みのり〉）を灯して新聞を読んだ際の文字認識を官能評価により評価した。
The evaluation criteria were as follows. ○ is an acceptable range.
X: Exceeding 0.1% Δ: Exceeding 0.01%, 0.1% or less ○: 0.01% or less The results are shown in Table 1.
≪Workability in the house≫
Using an agricultural film, the house is extended so that the transparent layer (A layer) is exposed to sunlight, and a work lamp (manufactured by Panasonic, product number lighting bulb <product name: Minori>) is lit in the house. The character recognition when reading a newspaper was evaluated by sensory evaluation.
評価基準は下記の通りとした。○が許容範囲である。
×…新聞がハウス中で読めない
△…新聞がハウス中で読み辛い
○…新聞がハウス中で問題なく読める
The evaluation criteria were as follows. ○ is an acceptable range.
×… The newspaper cannot be read in the house △… The newspaper is difficult to read in the house ○… The newspaper can be read in the house without problems
１．透明層（Ａ層）
２．白色層（Ｂ層）
３．灰色層（Ｃ層）
1. Transparent layer (A layer)
2. White layer (B layer)
3. Gray layer (C layer)
Claims (3)
（１）前記透明層は顔料を含有しない層であり、前記白色層は白色顔料を含有する層であり、前記灰色層は白色顔料及び黒色顔料を含有する層であり、
（２）前記３層は、いずれもポリオレフィン系樹脂を含有し、且つ、前記３層のうち前記透明層が位置する側が太陽光が当たる側であり、
（３）前記多層フィルムの太陽光が当たる側の日射反射率が６０％以上であり、
（４）前記灰色層の可視光線反射率が５％以上５０％以下であり、且つ、前記灰色層は着色層の位置では太陽光が当たる側から最も離れており、
（５）前記多層フィルムの全光線透過率が０．０１％以下である、
ことを特徴とする遮熱遮光性農業用フィルム。 A multilayer film having three layers of a transparent layer, a white layer and a gray layer in the order,
(1) The transparent layer is a layer containing no pigment, the white layer is a layer containing a white pigment, and the gray layer is a layer containing a white pigment and a black pigment,
( 2 ) Each of the three layers contains a polyolefin-based resin, and the side on which the transparent layer is located among the three layers is a side on which sunlight hits,
( 3 ) The solar reflectance of the multilayer film on which the sunlight hits is 60% or more,
( 4 ) The visible light reflectance of the gray layer is 5% or more and 50% or less, and the gray layer is farthest from the side where the sunlight hits at the position of the colored layer,
( 5 ) The total light transmittance of the multilayer film is 0.01% or less.
A heat-shielding and light-shielding agricultural film.
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