JP6560093B2 - 船舶の排気ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
船舶の排気ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6560093B2 JP6560093B2 JP2015204218A JP2015204218A JP6560093B2 JP 6560093 B2 JP6560093 B2 JP 6560093B2 JP 2015204218 A JP2015204218 A JP 2015204218A JP 2015204218 A JP2015204218 A JP 2015204218A JP 6560093 B2 JP6560093 B2 JP 6560093B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- exhaust
- main
- reducing agent
- urea water
- Prior art date
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 100
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 81
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 48
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 19
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Description
の還元剤が混合フィンに当たることで更に分散される。そのため、排気ミキサーにおける還元剤の分布量を均一化でき、排気ガスと尿素水との混合効率を高めるとともに、排気ミキサーにおける部分的な温度低下を抑制して、触媒における還元効率を高める。
まず始めに、図1を参照しながら、第1実施形態における船舶1の概要について説明する。第1実施形態の船舶1は、船体2と、船体2の船尾側に設けたキャビン3(船橋)と、キャビン3の後方に配置したファンネル4(煙突)と、船体2の後方下部に設けたプロペラ5及び舵6とを備えている。この場合、船尾側の船底7にスケグ8を一体形成している。スケグ8には、プロペラ5を回転駆動させる推進軸9を軸支している。船体2内の船首側及び中央部には船倉10を設けている。船体2内の船尾側には機関室11を設けている。
態ではディーゼルエンジン)と、発電用エンジン25の駆動によって発電する発電機26とを組み合わせて構成される。ディーゼル発電機24は基本的に、船体2内の必要電力量に対応して効率的に稼働するように構成している。例えば大量の電力を消費する出入航時等には、全てのディーゼル発電機24を稼働させ、比較的電力消費の少ない停泊時等には、任意の台数のディーゼル発電機24を稼働させる。各発電機26の作動によって生じた発電電力は船体2内の電気系統に供給される。詳細な図示は省略するが、電力トランスデューサが各発電機26に電気的に接続している。電力トランスデューサは各発電機26による発電電力を検出するものである。
次に、図2〜図7を参照しながら、発電装置23の排気系統について説明する。各発電用エンジン25には、空気取り込み用の吸気経路(図示省略)と排気ガス排出用の排気経路30とを接続している。吸気経路を通じて取り込まれた空気は、発電用エンジン25の各気筒内(吸気行程の気筒内)に送られる。各気筒の圧縮行程完了時に、燃料タンクから吸い上げた燃料を燃料噴射装置によって気筒毎の燃焼室内に圧送し、各燃焼室によって混合気の自己着火燃焼に伴う膨張行程が行われる。
る。複合ケーシング33内のメイン経路31側は、排気ガス移動方向上流側(以下、単に上流側という)から順に、排気ガス中のNOxの還元を促進させるNOx触媒34と、余分に供給された還元剤(尿素水(尿素水溶液)、より詳しくは加水分解後のアンモニア)の酸化処理を促進させるスリップ処理触媒35とを直列に並べて収容している。各触媒34,35は、多孔質な(ろ過可能な)隔壁にて区画された多数個のセルからなるハニカム構造になっており、例えばアルミナ、ジルコニア、バナジア/チタニア又はゼオライト等の触媒金属を有している。
(NH2)2CO+H2O → 2NH3+CO2(加水分解)
NO+NO2+2NH3 → 2N2+3H2O(NOx触媒34での反応)
4NH3+3O2 → 2N2+6H2O(スリップ処理触媒35での反応)
が生ずる。
板400が開口部401を備えることにより、排気出口部42において、メイン経路31側とバイパス経路32側とを合流させる。
合フィン72の枚数の公約数となる本数分設置されており、それぞれの尿素水噴射口611が、メイン経路31(メイン側中継管55及びミキサー管体71)の周方向に沿って、排気ミキサー62の混合フィン72の設置位置に同期する位置に配置される。なお、尿素水噴射ノズル61の本数は第1実施形態の2本に限るものではない。
各排気経路30におけるメイン経路31とバイパス経路32には、それぞれを開閉する開閉部材として、メイン側切換バルブ37及びバイパス側切換バルブ38が設けられている(実施形態では3組、計6個)。これらメイン側切換バルブ37及びバイパス側切換バルブ38は、排気ガスの通過する経路を選択するために、一方を開けば他方を閉じるという関係になっている。また、メイン側切換バルブ37及びバイパス側切換バルブ38は、規制海域などに応じて開閉させるように構成されている。
ためのものである。メイン側及びバイパス側それぞれの流体流通配管80の中途部には、上流側から順に、フィルタレギュレータ82と、バルブ駆動器67,68に流体を供給するか否かを切換える電磁弁83と、閉側調整部及び開側調整部を有する流量調整部84とが設けられている。各電磁弁83は、制御情報に基づいて作動し、対応する切換バルブ37、38のバルブ駆動器67,68に圧縮流体を供給したり停止したりするように構成されている。また、各バルブ駆動器67,68には、各電磁弁83が流体供給状態であるか、又は、流体停止状態であるかを検知するリミットスイッチ85が設けられており、各バルブ駆動器67,68にはサイレンサ86が接続され、各電磁弁83には、サイレンサ87が接続されている。
図9に示す如く、尿素水噴射ノズル61は、メイン側中継管55内に挿入されており、先端の尿素水噴射口611を下流側に向けて配置する。尿素水噴射口611は、メイン側中継管55の周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されており、下流側に設置される排気ミキサー62の混合フィン72と重なる位置に配置される。これにより、尿素水噴射ノズル61が尿素水噴射口611より下流側に向けて尿素水を噴射させた際、排気ミキサー62の混合フィン72に向けて尿素水を噴射できる。
なお、各部の構成は図示の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本願発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更が可能である。上記の各実施形態では、発電用エンジン25の排気経路30中に設ける排気ガス浄化システムに、本願発明を適用したが、これに限らず、例えば主エンジン21の排気系統中の排気ガス浄化システムに適用してもよい。
11 機関室
21 主エンジン
22 減速機
23 発電装置
24 ディーゼル発電機
25 発電用エンジン
26 発電機
30 排気経路
31 メイン経路
32 バイパス経路
33 複合ケーシング
34 NOx触媒
35 スリップ処理触媒
37 メイン側切換バルブ
38 バイパス側切換バルブ
40 仕切板
61 尿素水噴射ノズル(還元剤噴射体)
62 排気ミキサー
71 ミキサー管体
72 混合フィン
400 逆流防止板
401 開口部
Claims (3)
- 船舶搭載用であるエンジンの排気管内を通過する排気ガスに還元剤を供給する還元剤供給装置の還元剤噴射体と、前記還元剤噴射体の排気ガス移動方向下流側で排気ガスと還元剤とを混合させる排気ミキサーと、前記排気ミキサーの排気ガス移動方向下流側で前記エンジンの排気ガス中にあるNOxの還元を促す選択触媒還元装置とを備えた排気ガス浄化装置であって、
前記排気ミキサーが、前記排気管の周方向に沿って等間隔に配置された複数の混合フィンを備えており、
複数の前記還元剤噴射体を有しており、前記還元剤噴射体の噴射口が、排気ガス移動方向下流側に向けて開口するとともに前記混合フィンの上流側先端と重なる位置に配置され、前記排気管の周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されていることを特徴とする船舶の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記排気管の周方向に沿って、前記還元剤噴射体の噴射口の設置位置を、前記混合フィンの設置位置と同期させたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
- 前記還元剤噴射体の噴射口が、前記排気管の中心と内周面との間となる中央領域に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
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FIEP16855132.3T FI3364004T3 (fi) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-05-27 | Laivan pakokaasujen puhdistuslaite |
KR1020187005579A KR101983520B1 (ko) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-05-27 | 선박의 배기 가스 정화 장치 |
US15/768,479 US20180306084A1 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-05-27 | Exhaust gas purification device for ship |
EP16855132.3A EP3364004B1 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-05-27 | Exhaust gas purification device for ship |
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EP3411135B1 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2023-08-16 | Canada Pipeline Accessories, Co. Ltd. | Static mixer for fluid flow in a pipeline |
EP3714236A4 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2021-08-04 | Canada Pipeline Accessories, Co. Ltd. | PIPE ARRANGEMENT WITH STATIC MIXER AND FLOW CONDITIONER |
JP7288746B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2023-06-08 | 三菱重工エンジン&ターボチャージャ株式会社 | 排ガス浄化装置、および排ガス浄化装置を備える船舶 |
CN109339913B (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2023-10-20 | 南京朗森自动化设备有限公司 | 一种自适应尿素混合器 |
FR3093346B1 (fr) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-07-09 | Faurecia Systemes Dechappement | Dispositif d’injection et de mélange d’un gaz et ligne d’échappement comportant un tel dispositif |
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JP2005207289A (ja) * | 2004-01-22 | 2005-08-04 | Hino Motors Ltd | ディーゼルエンジンの排気管燃料添加方式 |
JP4713954B2 (ja) | 2005-06-09 | 2011-06-29 | ヤンマー株式会社 | 船舶用電気推進装置 |
JP2008196479A (ja) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-28 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | 排気ガス浄化システム |
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WO2013154573A1 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-17 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Mixing plate as stabilizer for ammonia gas injector |
WO2014032052A1 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Reductant injection and mixing system |
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US10473013B2 (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2019-11-12 | Cummins Emission Solutions, Inc. | Integrative reductant system and method using constant volume injection |
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