JP6547347B2 - 排気浄化システム - Google Patents
排気浄化システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6547347B2 JP6547347B2 JP2015054514A JP2015054514A JP6547347B2 JP 6547347 B2 JP6547347 B2 JP 6547347B2 JP 2015054514 A JP2015054514 A JP 2015054514A JP 2015054514 A JP2015054514 A JP 2015054514A JP 6547347 B2 JP6547347 B2 JP 6547347B2
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- nox
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Description
NOxパージ制御部100は、排気をリッチ雰囲気にしてNOx吸蔵還元型触媒32に吸蔵されているNOxを還元浄化により無害化して放出することで、NOx吸蔵還元型触媒32のNOx吸蔵能力を回復させるNOxパージ制御を実行する。
図4は、NOxパージ開始処理部110による開始処理を示すブロック図である。NOxパージ開始処理部110は、NOxパージ開始判定部111、タイマ112、NOx吸蔵量推定部113、吸蔵量閾値マップ114、触媒温度推定部115、吸蔵量閾値補正部116、浄化率演算部117、インターバル目標値マップ118、インターバル目標値補正部119、劣化度合推定部120を一部の機能要素として有する。
図5は、NOxパージ禁止処理部120による禁止処理を示すブロック図である。NOxパージ禁止処理部120は、以下の禁止条件(1)〜(8)の何れかが成立すると、NOxパージ禁止フラグFPro_NPをオン(FPro_NP=1)にして、NOxパージ制御の実施を禁止する。
NOxパージリーン制御部130は、NOxパージフラグFNPがオンにされると、空気過剰率を定常運転時(例えば、約1.5)から理論空燃比相当値(約1.0)よりもリーン側の第1目標空気過剰率(例えば、約1.3)まで低下させるNOxパージリーン制御を実行する。以下、NOxパージリーン制御の詳細について説明する。
数式(1)において、Qfnl_corrdは後述する学習補正された燃料噴射量(ポスト噴射を除く)、RoFuelは燃料比重、AFRstoは理論空燃比、Maf_corrは後述するMAF補正係数をそれぞれ示している。
NOxパージリッチ制御部140は、NOxパージフラグFNPがオンにされると、空気過剰率を第1目標空気過剰率からリッチ側の第2目標空気過剰率(例えば、約0.9)まで低下させるNOxパージリッチ制御を実行する。以下、NOxパージリッチ制御による詳細について説明する。
数式(2)において、MAFNPL_TrgtはNOxパージリーンMAF目標値であって、前述のMAF目標値演算部132から入力される。また、Qfnl_corrdは後述する学習補正されたMAF追従制御適用前の燃料噴射量(ポスト噴射を除く)、RoFuelは燃料比重、AFRstoは理論空燃比、Maf_corrは後述するMAF補正係数をそれぞれ示している。
図8は、第2開始条件(NOx吸蔵量増加)でのNOxパージリッチ制御を説明する図である。図8の例では、NOx吸蔵量推定部113で推定されたNOx吸蔵量(NOx吸蔵量推定値m_NOx)が、NOx吸蔵量閾値STR_thr_NOx以上になっている。また、触媒温度推定部115で推定された触媒温度が、標準的な触媒活性温度に基づいて定められた触媒温度閾値Temp_cat_std以上になっている。さらに、アクセル操作に基づく燃料噴射量が噴射量閾値Q_thr_std以上になっており、且つ、その燃料噴射量が安定している(燃料噴射量の変動が所定の閾値範囲内に収まっている)。また、タイマ112によって計時されるインターバルは、インターバル目標値補正部119で補正されたインターバル目標値以上である。これらに基づいて、NOxパージ開始処理部110は、第2開始条件が成立したと判定し、NOxパージリッチ制御部140(NOxパージ制御手段)は、第2開始条件に対応するNOxパージリッチ制御を実施する。
図9は、第4開始条件(最適浄化条件)でのNOxパージリッチ制御を説明する図である。図9の例では、NOx吸蔵量推定部113で推定されたNOx吸蔵量(NOx吸蔵量推定値m_NOx)が、NOx吸蔵量閾値STR_thr_NOxよりも低くなっている。また、触媒温度推定部115で推定された触媒温度が、良好な触媒活性温度に基づいて定められた触媒温度閾値Temp_cat_Hi以上になっている。この触媒温度閾値Temp_cat_Hiは、標準的な触媒活性温度に基づいて定められた触媒温度閾値Temp_cat_stdよりも高い温度であり、NOx吸蔵還元型触媒32によるNOxの還元浄化効率が一層高い温度域に定められている。さらに、アクセル操作に基づく燃料噴射量が噴射量閾値Q_thr_std以上になっており、且つ、その燃料噴射量が安定している(燃料噴射量の変動が所定の閾値範囲内に収まっている)。また、タイマ112によって計時されるインターバルは、インターバル目標値補正部119で補正されたインターバル目標値以上である。これらに基づいて、NOxパージ開始処理部110は、第4開始条件が成立したと判定し、NOxパージリッチ制御部140は、第4開始条件に対応するNOxパージリッチ制御を実施する(時刻t1から時刻t2)。
図10は、第7開始条件(触媒低温時)でのNOxパージリッチ制御を説明する図である。図10の例では、NOx吸蔵量推定部113で推定されたNOx吸蔵量(NOx吸蔵量推定値m_NOx)が、NOx吸蔵量閾値STR_thr_NOx以上になっている。また、触媒温度推定部115で推定された触媒温度が、触媒温度閾値Temp_cat_Lo未満ではあるが、触媒温度閾値Temp_cat_Loから所定の閾値範囲△Tempの範囲内に入っている。
MAF追従制御部80は、(1)通常運転のリーン状態からNOxパージ制御によるリッチ状態への切り替え期間及び、(2)NOxパージ制御によるリッチ状態から通常運転のリーン状態への切り替え期間に、各インジェクタ11の燃料噴射タイミング及び燃料噴射量をMAF変化に応じて補正する制御(MAF追従制御)を実行する。
図11に示すように、噴射量学習補正部300は、学習補正係数演算部310と、噴射量補正部320とを有する。
MAF補正係数演算部400は、NOxパージ制御時のMAF目標値MAFNPL_Trgtや目標噴射量QNPR_Trgtの設定に用いられるMAF補正係数Maf_corrを演算する。
なお、本発明は、上述の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、適宜変形して実施することが可能である。
11 インジェクタ
12 吸気通路
13 排気通路
16 吸気スロットルバルブ
24 EGRバルブ
31 酸化触媒
32 NOx吸蔵還元型触媒
33 フィルタ
34 排気管噴射装置
40 MAFセンサ
45 NOx/ラムダセンサ
50 ECU
Claims (4)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に設けられて、排気リーン状態で排気中のNOxを吸蔵すると共に、排気リッチ状態で吸蔵されているNOxを還元浄化するNOx吸蔵還元型触媒と、
前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒のNOx吸蔵量を推定するNOx吸蔵量推定手段と、
前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒の温度を推定する触媒温度推定手段と、
ポスト噴射及び排気管噴射の少なくとも一方の燃料噴射制御を所定のインターバルで繰り返し行わせることにより排気をリッチ状態にして、前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒に吸蔵されているNOxを還元浄化させるNOxパージ制御手段と、
を備える排気浄化システムであって、
前記NOxパージ制御手段は、前記触媒温度推定手段で推定された触媒温度が、標準的な触媒活性温度に基づいて定められた第1の触媒温度閾値よりも低い温度であり、前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒によるNOxの還元浄化効率は高くないが使用可能な下限の温度域に設定されている第2の触媒温度閾値未満ではあるが、アクセル操作に起因する排気温度の上昇により、前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒の温度が前記第2の触媒温度閾値を容易に越え得る温度域の範囲内に入っている場合に、前記NOxを還元浄化させるNOxパージの実施を開始し、
前記NOxパージ制御手段は、前記アクセル操作に基づく前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒に流入する排気温度の上昇度合いに応じて燃料噴射の繰り返し回数を定める
排気浄化システム。 - 前記NOxパージ制御手段は、先に行った燃料噴射制御による前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒の昇温中に次の燃料噴射制御が行われるように、前記燃料噴射制御のインターバルを設定する
請求項1に記載の排気浄化システム。 - 前記NOxパージ制御手段は、1回目の燃料噴射制御から2回目の燃料噴射制御までのインターバルを、2回目の燃料噴射制御から3回目の燃料噴射制御までのインターバルよりも長い期間に設定する
請求項1又は2に記載の排気浄化システム。 - 前記アクセル操作に起因する燃料噴射量の瞬時値が下限閾値以下である場合に、前記NOxパージの実施を禁止させる禁止手段をさらに備え、
前記禁止手段は、連続NOxパージの実施期間中において前記NOxパージの実施を継続させる
請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の排気浄化システム。
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