JP6537850B2 - 光電変換装置における光吸収層の形成方法 - Google Patents
光電変換装置における光吸収層の形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6537850B2 JP6537850B2 JP2015045521A JP2015045521A JP6537850B2 JP 6537850 B2 JP6537850 B2 JP 6537850B2 JP 2015045521 A JP2015045521 A JP 2015045521A JP 2015045521 A JP2015045521 A JP 2015045521A JP 6537850 B2 JP6537850 B2 JP 6537850B2
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- OSWMMVUHYHQYCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabenzylazanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OSWMMVUHYHQYCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Description
電子輸送層上のAPbX(2+n)(但し、Aは1〜4置換若しくは無置換アンモニウム、又は第4周期以上のアルカリ金属原子を示し、Xはハロゲン原子を示し、nは1又は2を示す)からなる層と、HOOCRNH2(但し、Rは炭化水素基を示す)とを接触させる工程を含む、方法。
項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法で得られた光吸収層、及び該光吸収層の下に配置された電子輸送層を備える、光電変換装置。
本発明の光吸収層の形成方法は、電子輸送層上のAPbX(2+n)(但し、Aは1〜4置換若しくは無置換アンモニウム、又は第4周期以上のアルカリ金属原子を示し、Xはハロゲン原子を示し、nは1又は2を示す)からなる層と、HOOCRNH2(但し、Rは炭化水素基を示す)とを接触させる工程を含む。
本発明の光電変換装置は、上記「1.光吸収層の形成方法」で説明した方法により得られた光吸収層、及び該光吸収層の下に配置された電子輸送層を備える。これにより、簡便に高い光電変換効率を有する光電変換装置を実現することができる。
光電変換装置における光吸収層は、上記「1.光吸収層の形成方法」で説明した方法により得られた光吸収層を含む層(好ましくは上記「1.光吸収層の形成方法」で説明した方法により得られた光吸収層をからなる層)であれば特に限定されないが、単層でも複層でもよい。
本発明の光電変換装置においては、上記光吸収層の下に、さらに透光性の電子輸送材料を含む電子輸送層が配置されている。
多孔質電子輸送層は、多孔質構造を有している。多孔質構造とは、特に制限されるわけではないが、粒状体、線状体(線状体:針状、チューブ状、柱状等)等が集合して、全体として多孔質な性質を有していることが好ましい。また、細孔サイズはナノスケールであることが好ましい。多孔質構造を有することにより、ナノスケールであるため、光吸収層の活性表面積を著しく増加させ、光電変換効率を向上させるとともに、電子収集に優れる多孔質電子輸送層とすることができる。
緻密電子輸送層は、透光性の電子輸送材料を含む層(特に透光性の電子輸送材料をからなる層)とすることが好ましい。透光性の電子輸送材料としては、特に制限されないが、具体的には、酸化チタン(TiO2等)、酸化タングステン(WO2、WO3、W2O3等)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)、酸化ニオブ(Nb2O5等)、酸化タンタル(Ta2O5等)、酸化イットリウム(Y2O3等)、チタン酸ストロンチウム(SrTiO3等)等の一種又は二種以上を採用できる。なお、半導体を使用する場合には、ドナーがドープされていてもよい。これにより、多孔質電子輸送層からのリークをより抑制することができる。透光性の電子輸送材料として酸化チタン(TiO2等)を採用する場合には、結晶形態はアナターゼ型が好ましい。
本発明では、透光性導電層は、上記多孔質電子輸送層の下に形成されることが好ましい。なお、緻密電子輸送層を形成する場合には、透光性導電層は、緻密電子輸送層の下に形成されることが好ましい。
本発明では、上記透光性基板は、上記透光性導電層の下に形成されることが好ましい。
本発明の光電変換装置において、光吸収層の上に、さらにホール輸送層を備えることが好ましい。
本発明では、ホール輸送層の上に、第二電極層を備えることが好ましい。
本発明の光電変換装置を、発電手段として用い、発電手段の発電電力を負荷へ供給するように成した構成とすることで、様々な用途に適用可能である。具体的には、本発明の光電変換装置を、本発明の光電変換装置から出力された直流電流を交流電流に変換するインバータ装置、電気モーター、照明装置等の負荷等を有する構成の光電変換装置とすることができる。その用途としては、例えば、建築物の屋根、壁面等に設置される太陽電池等として使用することができる。
3次元太陽電池のセル構造として、< glass / F-doped SnO2 / bl-TiO2 / m-TiO2 / 光吸収層 / spiro-OMe-TAD / Au >構造の太陽電池を作製した。具体的には下記のとおりに行った。
膜し、大気中500 ℃で30分間焼成することで、3次元チタニア電極を得た。
3次元太陽電池のセル構造として、< glass / F-doped SnO2 / bl-TiO2 / m-TiO2 / 光吸収層 / spiro-OMe-TAD / Au >構造の太陽電池を、実施例1とは異なる方法により作製した。具体的には下記のとおりに行った。
膜し、大気中500 ℃で30分間焼成することで、3次元チタニア電極を得た。
実施例1及び比較例1の太陽電池について、AM1.5のソーラーシミュレータの光(100mW/cm−2)を照射し、光電特性の測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (17)
- 光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する光電変換装置における光吸収層の形成方法であって、
電子輸送層上のAPbX(2+n)(但し、Aは1〜4置換若しくは無置換アンモニウム、又は第4周期以上のアルカリ金属原子を示し、Xはハロゲン原子を示し、nは1又は2を示す)からなる層と、HOOCRNH2(但し、Rは炭化水素基を示す)とを接触させる工程
を含む、方法。 - さらに、電子輸送層上のAPbX(2+n)からなる前記層を、電子輸送層上のPbX2からなる層と、AXnとを接触させることにより得る工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記Xが、ヨウ素原子、塩素原子、及び臭素原子よりなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記Aが1〜4置換若しくは無置換アンモニウムである、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記AがC1−6アルキルアンモニウムである、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記Rが2価の鎖式炭化水素基である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記RがC1−8アルキレン基である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する光電変換装置であって、
請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法で得られた光吸収層、及び該光吸収層の下に配置された電子輸送層を備え、且つ
前記光吸収層がAPbX (2+n) (但し、Aは1〜4置換若しくは無置換アンモニウム、又は第4周期以上のアルカリ金属原子を示し、Xはハロゲン原子を示し、nは1又は2を示す)及びHOOCRNH 2 (但し、Rは炭化水素基を示す)を含む、光電変換装置。 - 前記電子輸送層が、前記光吸収層の下に備えられた多孔質電子輸送層、及び該多孔質電子輸送層の下に備えられた緻密電子輸送層からなる、請求項8に記載の光電変換装置。
- 前記電子輸送層が、透光性の電子輸送材料として、TiO2、WO3、ZnO、Nb2O5及びSrTiO3よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、請求項8又は9に記載の光電変換装置。
- 前記電子輸送層の下に、さらに、第一電極層である透光性導電層を備える、請求項8〜10のいずれかに記載の光電変換装置。
- 前記透光性導電層が、フッ素ドープ錫酸化物、インジウム錫酸化物、ガリウムドープ亜鉛酸化物、アルミドープ亜鉛酸化物、及びニオブドープチタン酸化物よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる層である、請求項11に記載の光電変換装置。
- 前記透光性導電層の下に、さらに、透光性基板を備える、請求項11又は12に記載の光電変換装置。
- 前記光吸収層の上に、さらに、ホール輸送層を備える、請求項8〜13のいずれかに記載の光電変換装置。
- 前記ホール輸送層が、有機ホール輸送材、CuSCN、セレン、沃化物、コバルト錯体、鉄錯体、MoO3、及びNiOよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる層である、請求項14に記載の光電変換装置。
- 前記ホール輸送層の上に、さらに、第二電極層を備える、請求項14又は15に記載の光電変換装置。
- 前記第二電極層は、カーボン、金、タングステン、モリブデン及びチタンよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる層である、請求項16に記載の光電変換装置。
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