JP6504549B2 - Low temperature silo dryer - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は生成する物質の燃料比、すなわち固定炭素の揮発分に対する比が植物由来の物質に相当する、例えば木質チップをガス化処理する熱分解炉、例えばロータリーキルンの発生ガス余熱を利用する乾燥装置に関する。代表的な処理対象物に生木や林地残材から加工した木質チップ、通気性を阻害しない程度に裁断加工された樹皮があげられる。
水分を多く含むことなどにより発熱量の面から低質な可燃物質についても適用できる。
In the present invention, the fuel ratio of the substance to be produced, ie, the ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter corresponds to the plant-derived substance, for example, a thermal decomposition furnace for gasifying wood chips , for example, a drying apparatus using residual heat of the rotary kiln. About. Typical objects to be treated include wood chips processed from raw wood and forest residues, and bark cut and processed to the extent that air permeability is not impaired.
It is applicable also to a low quality combustible substance from the surface of calorific value by containing a large amount of water.
従来、生成する物質の燃料比すなわち固定炭素の揮発分に対する比が植物由来の物質に相当する処理物、例えば代表的にはバイオマスがあり、それら処理物をガス化処理する前処理として処理物を乾燥し、ガス化処理用熱分解炉、例えばガス化ロータリーキルンのガス化効率を上昇させることが重要である。
この乾燥炉の形式としては、
ガス化処理する熱分解炉の発生ガスと熱交換された非特許文献１に示す高温温風を熱源とするロータリーキルン式乾燥炉が一般的に知られている。
Conventionally, there are treated products, eg, typically biomass, in which the ratio of the material to be produced to the fuel ratio, ie, the ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter corresponds to a plant-derived material, and the treated product is treated as a pretreatment for gasifying these treated products. It is important to increase the gasification efficiency of drying and gasification pyrolysis furnaces, such as gasification rotary kilns.
As a form of this drying furnace,
A rotary kiln type drying furnace using as a heat source the high temperature warm air shown in Non-Patent Document 1 heat-exchanged with the generated gas of a thermal decomposition furnace to be gasified is generally known.
背景技術のロータリーキルン式乾燥炉は従来から最も一般的に使用される乾燥炉である。しかしバイオマスのような可燃性物質の乾燥には内部発火という懸念が常に存在し、留意が必要である。
乾燥効率からは乾燥炉の温度効率を上げる観点から、乾燥熱源の温風温度を上げることが要求される。
しかしバイオマス原料、代表的には木質チップには破断屑としての微粒の木質粉が含有される。この微粒粉は乾燥を早期に終了し、また微粒の特性から装置内にデポジットを構成しやすい。
この結果、温風により発火する過程を取りやすい。従って装置内には微粒粉の堆積するデポジット部をなくすことが重要になる。
この課題が現実的には非常に困難であり、乾燥炉の課題となっている。
The rotary kiln type drying oven of the background art is the most commonly used drying oven conventionally. However, there is always a concern of internal ignition for the drying of flammable materials such as biomass, and care must be taken.
From the viewpoint of increasing the temperature efficiency of the drying furnace, the drying efficiency is required to increase the warm air temperature of the drying heat source.
However, biomass raw materials, typically wood chips, contain fine wood powder as scraps. The fine powder ends drying early and, due to the characteristics of the fine particle, it is easy to form a deposit in the apparatus.
As a result, it is easy to take the process of firing by warm air. Therefore, it is important to eliminate the deposit portion where fine powder accumulates in the apparatus.
This task is practically very difficult and is a task of the drying furnace.
請求項１記載の本発明によると、生成する物質の燃料比、すなわち固定炭素の揮発分に対する比が植物由来の物質に相当する、例えば木質チップの湿潤原料の乾燥装置において、その原料を処理する熱処理炉の発生ガス廃熱を利用する廃熱回収熱交換器から得られた加熱空気、または燃料によって加熱された熱風に希釈空気を加えることにより乾燥用温風を低温化し、かつ増風し、当該低温温風を湿潤原料の貯槽下部から吹き込む構成要素と、当該貯槽の出口排風の湿度変化を計測し、その湿度変化により、減率乾燥域に至ったときかまたは、出口排風の湿度変化により計測される累積蒸発水分量が基準値に達したときかまたは、計画乾燥時間を経過したとき、温風送風を停止し、かつ排風弁を閉鎖し、複数設けた貯槽の、他の貯槽へ温風送風を切り替える構成要素によって構成されることを特徴とし、複数の貯槽へ乾燥済み原料を貯蔵することにより、湿潤原料入荷量の変動があっても安定して乾燥原料を熱処理炉に供給することができる。
木質系可燃物の自然発火温度は一般的には１５０℃以上とされている。
本発明では大気温度に比較して最大４０℃程度の昇温した低温の温風を用いて、自然発火を防止している。
According to the invention as set forth in claim 1, the fuel ratio of the substance to be produced, ie the ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter, corresponds to the plant-derived substance, for example in the apparatus for drying wood chip wet raw material, the raw material is processed The temperature of the drying hot air is lowered and increased by adding dilution air to heated air obtained from a waste heat recovery heat exchanger using the exhaust gas waste heat of the heat treatment furnace or hot air heated by fuel, Measure the change in humidity of the component that blows the low-temperature warm air from the lower part of the storage tank of the wet raw material and the outlet exhaust air of the storage tank, and change the humidity. When the cumulative amount of evaporated water measured by the change reaches the standard value or when the planned drying time has elapsed, the hot air blowing is stopped and the exhaust air valve is closed, and the other of the multiple storage tanks provided Warm air delivery to storage tank By storing the dried raw materials in a plurality of storage tanks, the dry raw materials can be stably supplied to the heat treatment furnace even if there is a change in the amount of the wet raw materials received. .
The spontaneous ignition temperature of wood-based combustibles is generally 150 ° C. or higher.
In the present invention, spontaneous combustion is prevented by using low-temperature warm air whose temperature has been increased by about 40 ° C. at maximum as compared with the atmospheric temperature.
請求項２記載の本発明によると、
排風中の一酸化炭素および二酸化炭素を計測し、そのいずれかについて有意の上昇を検出したとき、または出口排風の温度変化を計測し、有意の上昇を計測したとき、第一操作として、除塵器に繋がる、温風の排気機能を有する排風弁は開、および膨張して、滞留する貯槽内ガスを直接大気に放散する機能を有する放散弁は閉の通常乾燥運転状態のままで、貯留物循環搬送装置により、当該貯槽貯留物を循環させ、その自己消火効果、すなわち排風中の一酸化炭素濃度、または二酸化炭素濃度の低下効果、または排風温度の低下効果が認められないとき、第二操作として温風送風を停止し、かつ排風弁を閉鎖し、かつ放散弁を開放したのち、当該貯槽貯留物を循環させている。
すなわち長期緩慢酸化による温度上昇や酸化反応による排ガス成分すなわち一酸化炭素ガスまたは二酸化炭素ガスを検出し、自然発火に至る傾向をごく初期に検出し、サイロ貯留原料を循環し、自己消火を図っている。
またこの操作においてもなお自然発火に至る傾向が続くときは、次の対策として、温風送風を停止し、かつ排風弁を閉鎖し、かつ放散弁を開放したのち、当該貯槽貯留物を循環させ、消火操作に入る。
According to the invention as claimed in claim 2,
When carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in exhaust air are measured and a significant rise is detected for either of them , or when temperature change of outlet exhaust air is measured and significant rise is measured, as the first operation , The exhaust air valve with the hot air exhaust function connected to the dust collector opens and expands, and the diffusion valve with the function to dissipate the stagnant gas in the storage tank directly to the atmosphere remains in the normal dry operation state of closing. Reservoir storage conveyance device circulates the storage reservoir concerned, and when the self-extinguishing effect , that is, the reduction effect of carbon monoxide concentration or carbon dioxide concentration in exhaust air, or the reduction effect of exhaust air temperature is not recognized As the second operation, after stopping the hot air blowing, closing the exhaust air valve, and opening the diffusion valve, the storage reservoir is circulated.
That is, it detects exhaust gas components due to temperature increase due to long-term slow oxidation or oxidation reaction, that is, carbon monoxide gas or carbon dioxide gas, detects the tendency to self-ignition at a very early stage, circulates silo storage material, and extinguishes itself. There is.
Also in this operation, if the tendency to cause spontaneous ignition still continues, stop the warm air blowing, close the exhaust air valve, open the radiation valve, and circulate the storage reservoir as the next measure. Let's go on fire extinguishing operation.
請求項３記載の本発明によると、
サイロは平底で、平底全面を掻き取るよう、排出機は複数の三角形断面の掻き羽根で構成された往復動レーキ式排出機または多軸スクリューコンベアであり、必要に応じて、三角形断面の掻き羽根の高さを変更するかまたは不等スクリューピッチとし、および排出部に貯留原料の急激な崩れを防止する調整可能なフラッパー板を設け、サイロ貯留物の排出時、貯留原料の水平断面において、均された降下速度を生じさせ、サイロ内においてデポジットの発生を防止できる。
一つのサイロで乾燥中、長期緩慢酸化により、温度上昇するときや、一酸化炭素または二酸化炭素を検出したときは、貯蔵原料を循環させるが、これは原料の循環により、局部的な高温部を周囲の原料自体で自己消火または自己冷却する効果を狙ったものである。
サイロ全体として原料循環が行われても、一部にデポジットが生じていると、この自己消化または自己冷却が行われないので貯留原料全て可動状態にすることが重要である。
According to the invention as claimed in claim 3,
The silo is a flat bottom and scrapes the entire flat bottom, the discharger is a reciprocating rake discharge machine or multi-screw conveyor composed of scraping blades of a plurality of triangular cross sections, and if necessary, scraping blades of triangular cross section To adjust the height of the stock or to make the screw pitch unequal, and to provide an adjustable flapper plate at the discharge part to prevent the sudden collapse of the stored material, and to equalize the horizontal cross section of the stored material at the time of discharging the silo stored material. Can be generated to prevent the occurrence of deposits in the silo.
While drying with a single silo, when the temperature rises or when carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide is detected due to long-term slow oxidation, the storage material is circulated, but this is due to the circulation of the material, and local high-temperature areas are It aims at the effect of self-extinguishing or self-cooling with the surrounding materials themselves.
Even if raw material circulation is performed as a whole silo, if deposits are partially generated, it is important to make all the stored raw materials movable since no self-digestion or self-cooling is performed.
本発明により次のことが達成可能である。
（１）本来施設の計画において、原料の貯槽は必須の設備である。貯槽に滞留中の処理物を簡単な装置の追加により、湿潤原料を乾燥原料に変換することができる。
（２）従来サイロに貯留する原料は長時間の貯留により、自然発火に至り、施設の運営に、致命的な損害を起こす可能性があったが、この発明により、安全に湿潤原料の乾燥を達成することができる。
（３）熱処理炉にシリーズに直結する乾燥機、例えばロータリーキルン乾燥炉は熱処理炉の影響をそのまま受けるために、熱処理炉の変動は、乾燥機の変動につながり、熱処理炉に不具合があったとき、その回復に相互に影響するが、サイロ型の乾燥機は熱処理炉と分離独立して設置し、長時間乾燥方式であるため、短時間の熱処理炉の変動は問題にならず、また十分な乾燥品バッファーを有するために、施設全体として安定運転が可能である。
（４）新たな乾燥専用機を設置せずに、サイロで乾燥できるために、設置スペース、設置コスト、および運転管理の点でメリットが大きい。
（５）安全に乾燥できる
乾燥は未反応核モデルに支配され、固体表層ガスの水分率勾配により自然乾燥に近い原理で乾燥が進むことにより、安全に乾燥できる。
（６）乾燥原料の性状が安定している。
約１日分の乾燥を１ロットで行い、かつ乾燥の終了をサイロ出口の湿度計または乾燥運転時間で調整できるため、熱処理炉供給原料の性状を安定させることができ、熱処理炉の出熱が安定する。
The following can be achieved by the present invention.
(1) In the planning of facilities, storage tanks for raw materials are essential facilities. The wet raw material can be converted to a dry raw material by the addition of a simple device for the processed matter remaining in the storage tank.
(2) In the conventional silo, the raw material stored in the silo may cause spontaneous ignition due to storage for a long time, which may cause fatal damage to the operation of the facility, but the present invention safely dries the wet raw material. Can be achieved.
(3) Since the drier directly connected to the heat treatment furnace, for example, the rotary kiln drying furnace, receives the influence of the heat treatment furnace as it is, the fluctuation of the heat treatment furnace leads to the fluctuation of the drier. Although the recovery affects each other, the silo-type drier is installed separately from the heat treatment furnace and it is a long-time drying method, so the fluctuation of the heat treatment furnace for a short time does not become a problem, and sufficient drying Stable operation is possible as a whole facility by having a product buffer.
(4) Since it can be dried by silos without installing a new drying-dedicated machine, merits are large in terms of installation space, installation cost, and operation management.
(5) Safe drying The drying is governed by the unreacted core model, and the drying can be done safely by proceeding with the principle of natural drying by the moisture content gradient of the solid surface gas.
(6) The properties of the dried material are stable.
Since drying for one day is performed in one lot and the end of drying can be adjusted by the hygrometer at the exit of the silo or the drying operation time, the properties of the heat treatment furnace feedstock can be stabilized, and the heat output of the heat treatment furnace is Stabilize.
以下、本発明につき、図１、図２を用いて詳細に説明する。
図１は本発明に係るサイロ乾燥装置のフローを示す乾燥処理系統図である。
図２は本発明に係るサイロ下部構造図で、原料の排出および乾燥用温風の吹込みメカニズムを示す。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a drying process showing a flow of a silo drying apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the lower part of the silo according to the present invention, showing the discharge mechanism of the raw material and the blowing mechanism of the hot air for drying.
図１に示すように、
湿潤原料、例えば木質チップを代表とするバイオマス原料は受入ホッパ１に投入され、原料移送コンベア２、原料受入切換弁３を経由して、サイロ４に受入れられる。受入が終了したサイロはサイロ乾燥を開始する。乾燥熱源の熱風は、通常は熱処理炉の廃熱利用により得られるが、熱風が得られない運転初期には、燃料から熱風を得る。熱風は希釈空気によりミキサー１０で混合し、低温温風を得る。低温温風は入口弁１１を通り、サイロ底部と下部シュートの隙間からサイロ内に吹き込まれる。サイロ上部の排風は出口で一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、湿度を分析し、排風弁を通って、除塵器１５で除塵されたのち大気に放風される。
As shown in Figure 1,
A wet raw material, for example, a biomass raw material typified by wood chips is introduced into the receiving hopper 1 and is received by the silo 4 via the raw material transfer conveyor 2 and the raw material receiving switching valve 3. After receiving, the silo starts silo drying. Although the hot air of the drying heat source is usually obtained by utilizing the waste heat of the heat treatment furnace, the hot air is obtained from the fuel at the beginning of the operation when the hot air can not be obtained. The hot air is mixed with dilution air by the mixer 10 to obtain low temperature hot air. Low temperature hot air passes through the inlet valve 11 and is blown into the silo from the gap between the bottom of the silo and the lower chute. Exhaust air in the upper part of the silo analyzes carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and humidity at the outlet, passes through the exhaust air valve, is dedusted by the dust remover 15, and then released to the atmosphere.
乾燥の終了判断はサイロ４の出口排風の湿度変化を計測し、その湿度変化により、減率乾燥域に至ったときかまたは、出口排風の湿度変化により計測される累積蒸発水分量が基準値に達したときかまたは、計画乾燥時間を経過したとき、いずれかにより乾燥終了したと判断し、他のサイロに低温温風を切換える。
乾燥終了したサイロは、低温温風入口弁および排風弁１３を閉鎖し、排出路切換弁７ａ、７ｂを閉鎖し、放散弁１４を開放して、熱処理炉への投入待機状態に入る。
Judgment of the end of drying measures the humidity change of the outlet exhaust air of the silo 4, and based on the humidity change, the cumulative evaporation amount measured by the humidity change of the outlet exhaust air when the reduction rate drying zone is reached is standard When the value has been reached or when the planned drying time has elapsed, it is determined that the drying has ended by either, and the low temperature hot air is switched to another silo.
The dried silo closes the low-temperature hot air inlet valve and the exhaust air valve 13, closes the discharge passage switching valves 7a and 7b, opens the diffusion valve 14, and enters the heat treatment furnace standby state.
乾燥中や投入待機中において、サイロ出口の一酸化炭素濃度、または二酸化炭素濃度が有意の上昇を生じるとき、又は出口温度計が有意の上昇を示すときは、サイロ内部で、発熱反応が生じたものと判断し、湿潤原料の受入を中断し、原料受入の経路を用いて、排出路切換ダンパー７ｂを開放し、原料戻しコンベア９、受け入ホッパ１、および原料移送コンベア２を経由して原料を同一サイロに循環させ、発熱反応が生じている局部周辺を移動、攪拌し、周囲の原料により自己消火運転を行う。
乾燥中において、この操作により効果がない時は、乾燥をいったん中断し、乾燥用低温温風を遮断した状態で、前記原料循環運転を行う。
During drying or waiting for input, when the carbon monoxide concentration or carbon dioxide concentration at the silo outlet causes a significant rise, or when the outlet thermometer shows a significant rise, an exothermic reaction occurs inside the silo Judging that it is the one, interrupt the reception of the wet raw material, open the discharge path switching damper 7b using the raw material receiving path, and feed the raw material via the raw material return conveyor 9, the receiving hopper 1 and the raw material transfer conveyor 2. The mixture is circulated to the same silo, moved around the local area where the exothermic reaction occurs, stirred, and self-extinguishing operation is performed using surrounding materials.
During the drying, when there is no effect by this operation, the drying is temporarily interrupted, and the raw material circulating operation is performed in a state where the low temperature warm air for drying is shut off.
サイロは複数基設置する。図１では４基設置しているが、１基のサイロを熱処理炉１日分の容量にすれば、３日分の貯蔵余裕量が可能で、原料の入荷変動に容易に対応できる。 Multiple silos will be installed. Although four units are installed in FIG. 1, if one silo has a capacity for one day of the heat treatment furnace, a storage allowance amount of three days is possible, and it is possible to easily cope with the change in arrival of raw materials.
図２に示すように
図２ａでは、原料の下部排出部に原料崩れ防止ダンパー６を設置する。
一般的に内部摩擦抵抗の大きい物質、例えば木質チップなどの破砕雑物は粒子単独の挙動がしにくく、一体の疑似の塊で挙動する。
そのため、排出部は狭く絞る構造では、往復動レーキの推進力により、壁との間で、圧密され、排出渋滞につながる。
従って、排出口は広く、絞らない構造が望まれるが、その結果、急激な原料崩れにより、排出口上部が優先して排出され、その反対に、それ以外の貯留部は排出されにくいことになる。静止したデポジットの存在は、緩慢酸化により、原料が過熱され、発火温度に至る危険がある。
この相反する２つの状態をいずれも防止し、かつ出来るだけ安定した排出速度を維持するために、原料崩れ防止ダンパーを設置し、原料の物性に応じて、最適な絞り調整を行う。
As shown in FIG. 2, in FIG. 2a, the raw material collapse prevention damper 6 is installed in the lower discharge part of the raw material.
In general, substances with high internal friction resistance, for example, crush debris such as wood chips are less likely to behave alone, and behave as an integral pseudo-mass.
Therefore, in the narrowing structure of the discharge part, the driving force of the reciprocating rake is compacted with the wall, leading to a discharge congestion.
Therefore, a wide, non-squeezed structure is desired for the discharge port, but as a result, due to rapid material collapse, the upper part of the discharge port is preferentially discharged and conversely the other reservoirs are difficult to be discharged. . The presence of stationary deposits can lead to overheating of the feedstock due to slow oxidation, which can lead to ignition temperatures.
In order to prevent both of these contradictory conditions and to maintain the discharge rate as stable as possible, a damper for preventing the collapse of the raw material is installed, and the optimum throttling adjustment is performed according to the physical properties of the raw material.
また往復動レーキ５の掻き出し機能を担うために、断面形状が三角形で、複数のレーキ羽根１６ａ、１６ｂを設け、前進動作で、羽根前面の壁で原料を前送りし、後退動作では、後退方向に、原料を後送りしないように、緩やかな傾斜面としている。
なおこの羽根前面の壁高さを送り方向の位置によって、変化させれば、サイロ内の降下断面で、出来るだけ均された降下速度を得ることができる。
すなわち後退方向に徐々に高さを減じていくことが一般である。しかし最先端は原料崩れ効果が加わるために、高さを低く設定する。
また多軸スクリューコンベアを採用するときは、排出側に向かって、徐々にスクリューピッチを広げていけば、サイロ内の降下断面で、出来るだけ均された降下速度を得ることができる。
また一本の長ストロークのプッシャーで実用上問題ならない降下速度が達成されるときは、一本のプッシャー排出機でも構わない。
Moreover, in order to bear the scraping function of the reciprocating motion rake 5, a plurality of rake blades 16a and 16b are provided with a triangular cross-sectional shape, and forward movement moves the material forward with the front wall of the blades. In addition, it has a gentle slope so as not to feed back the raw material.
If the wall height of the front of the blade is changed depending on the position in the feed direction, it is possible to obtain the even descent speed as much as possible in the falling section in the silo.
That is, it is common to gradually reduce the height in the backward direction. However, the height of the cutting edge is set low because the raw material collapse effect is added.
When a multi-screw conveyor is employed, if the screw pitch is gradually increased toward the discharge side, it is possible to obtain a uniform descent speed as much as possible in the descent section in the silo.
In addition, when a lowering speed that causes no problem in practice is achieved with one long stroke pusher, a single pusher discharger may be used.
図２（ｂ）は図２（ａ）のＡ-Ａ矢視を示すが、低温温風の流れを説明する。
低温温風はサイロ外殻と底部ホッパで形成される空間に吹き込まれ、その後底部ホッパ下端とサイロの底部の隙間を潜り抜けて、サイロ内原料層に流れ込む。
低温温風はサイロ床面のほぼ全面から吹き込まれることから、吹込み抵抗が少なく、またサイロ原料断面に均一な上昇流を生じさせることができる。
サイロの床面は平面であり、不必要に、底部ホッパによって絞り過ぎない構造が望まれる。
この結果、原料は棚吊り現象で、降下渋滞を起こすことなく、滑らかに排出される。
FIG. 2 (b) is an AA arrow view of FIG. 2 (a), but the flow of low temperature warm air will be described.
Low temperature hot air is blown into the space formed by the silo shell and the bottom hopper, and then passes through the gap between the bottom hopper bottom end and the bottom of the silo and flows into the inner silo material layer.
The low temperature hot air is blown from almost the entire surface of the silo floor surface, so that the blowing resistance is small, and a uniform upward flow can be generated in the silo raw material cross section.
It is desirable that the silo floor be flat and not unnecessarily squeezed by the bottom hopper.
As a result, the raw material is discharged smoothly without causing a fall congestion due to the shelf hanging phenomenon.
以下、本発明の実施例を図１、図２に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG. 1 and FIG.
図１、図２は木質チップを湿潤原料として、乾燥原料からバイオマスエネルギーを取り出す目的で設置された熱処理炉の前処理装置として、貯蔵と乾燥を兼ねて設置されたサイロ乾燥装置である。
１基のサイロは熱処理炉の１日分の容量に対応する乾燥能力と貯蔵容量を持ち、従って常時３日分の貯蔵余裕量を有する。一般的に木質チップの発生は季節要因もあり、不定期で、変動が大きい。
このため、貯蔵容量については各サイトの特徴に応じて必要量が確保されるが、熱処理炉には極力性状が安定した原料の供給が望まれる。
従って、大きな変動を吸収する貯蔵には屋外ヤード又は屋内ヤード等の原始的な貯蔵がなされ、熱処理炉への原料性状の安定と、屋外における原料の荷捌き作業が休止される時等の貯蔵余裕に対しては、サイロ乾燥装置が適用される。
1 and 2 show a silo drying apparatus installed as a pretreatment for a heat treatment furnace installed for the purpose of taking out biomass energy from a dry raw material by using wood chips as a wet raw material, while serving both storage and drying.
One silo has a drying capacity and storage capacity corresponding to the daily capacity of the heat treatment furnace, and therefore always has a storage capacity of 3 days. In general, the occurrence of wood chips is seasonal and irregular, with large fluctuations.
For this reason, although a necessary amount is secured according to the characteristic of each site about storage capacity, supply of the raw material with stable property as much as possible is desired for a heat treatment furnace.
Therefore, primitive storage such as an outdoor yard or an indoor yard is performed for storage that absorbs large fluctuations, stability of the raw material properties to the heat treatment furnace, and storage allowance when raw material loading work is stopped outdoors. For this, a silo dryer is applied.
湿潤原料は受入ホッパ１に受入れられたのち、原料移送コンベア２により、サイロ４に供給される。供給が終了した時、他のサイロに供給を切換えるとともに、満杯のサイロから乾燥運転を開始する。
乾燥熱源は熱処理炉の廃熱または燃料であり、これらにより得られた熱風はミキサーで希釈空気によって希釈冷却され、低温温風を得る。
低温温風はサイロの底部から吹き込まれ、すなわちサイロの底部ホッパ１７ａ、１７ｂ下端とサイロ床との隙間からサイロ内に均等に吹き込まれる。この時他のサイロへの漏風を防ぐため、原料受入切換弁３、排出路切換ダンパー７ａ、７ｂは閉鎖する。
The wet material is received by the receiving hopper 1 and then supplied to the silo 4 by the material transfer conveyor 2. When the supply is finished, the supply is switched to another silo and the drying operation is started from the full silo.
The drying heat source is the waste heat or fuel of the heat treatment furnace, and the hot air obtained by these is diluted and cooled by dilution air by a mixer to obtain low temperature hot air.
Low temperature hot air is blown from the bottom of the silo, that is, uniformly blown into the silo from the gap between the bottom hoppers 17a and 17b of the silo and the silo floor. At this time, the raw material receiving switching valve 3 and the discharge path switching dampers 7a and 7b are closed in order to prevent the air flow to the other silo.
乾燥中、サイロ出口の温度計または一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化炭素濃度の測定値が有意の上昇を示したときは、湿潤原料の供給を一旦停止し、湿潤原料受入系統を用いて、当該サイロの原料を循環させる。すなわち排出路切換ダンパー７ｂを開き、受入ホッパ１に満杯まで排出する。受入ホッパ１が満杯になったら、排出路切換ダンパー７ｂを閉鎖し、原料受入切換弁を開放し、受入ホッパ１から原料移送コンベア２により、当該サイロに原料を戻す。
この操作の繰り返しにより、改善が見られないときは、いったん乾燥作業を中断し、原料の循環操作のみを続ける。この時放散弁１４は開放する。
これら操作により、万一の緩慢酸化による発火事故に対して、自己消火で対応可能である。
During drying, when the thermometer at the outlet of the silo or the measured value of carbon monoxide concentration or carbon dioxide concentration shows a significant increase, the supply of the wet material is once stopped, and the wet material receiving system is used to Circulate the raw material. That is, the discharge path switching damper 7b is opened, and the receiving hopper 1 is discharged until it is full. When the receiving hopper 1 is full, the discharge path switching damper 7b is closed, the raw material receiving switching valve is opened, and the raw material is returned from the receiving hopper 1 to the relevant silo by the raw material transfer conveyor 2.
By repeating this operation, if no improvement is seen, the drying operation is interrupted once, and only the circulation operation of the raw material is continued. At this time, the diffusion valve 14 is opened.
By these operations, it is possible to cope with the self-extinguishing against the ignition accident due to the slow oxidation.
乾燥が終了したサイロから熱処理炉への供給は、排出路切換ダンパー７ａ、および放散弁１４を開放し、温風入口弁１１、排風弁１３、および排出路切換ダンパー７ｂを遮断し、往復動レーキ５を稼働させ、原料投入コンベア８に排出して熱処理炉に供給する。
サイロ出口に設けた原料崩れ防止ダンパー６の調整により、締込み過ぎによって発生する原料圧密による排出渋滞と開放し過ぎによって発生する急激な原料の崩れを防止する。
Supply from the silo after drying to the heat treatment furnace opens the discharge path switching damper 7a and the diffusion valve 14 and shuts off the hot air inlet valve 11, the exhaust air valve 13 and the discharge path switching damper 7b, and reciprocates. The rake 5 is operated, discharged to the raw material feeding conveyor 8 and supplied to the heat treatment furnace.
By adjusting the raw material collapse prevention damper 6 provided at the silo outlet, it is possible to prevent discharge congestion due to raw material consolidation caused by overtightening and a sudden collapse of the raw material generated due to excessive opening.
本特許発明は特に以下の要求に応えることができる。
（１）自然発火を起こすことなく、安全に乾燥操作ができる。
（２）乾燥原料の性状が安定する。
（３）コンパクトな乾燥設備が望ましい。
（４）消耗部品が少なく保守整備が容易である。
木質チップを代表とするバイオマスに使用される乾燥装置の他には、通気阻害を起こさない物質で、自然発火温度が高いもので、固定炭素の揮発分に対する比が大きい湿潤原料であれば、全てに適用でき、利用範囲が広い。
The patented invention can, in particular, meet the following requirements.
(1) The drying operation can be performed safely without causing spontaneous combustion.
(2) The properties of the dried material are stabilized.
(3) Compact drying equipment is desirable.
(4) There are few consumable parts and maintenance is easy.
Aside from the drying equipment used for biomass represented by wood chips, any substance that does not cause air flow inhibition and has a high auto-ignition temperature and a large ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter is all. It can be applied to a wide range of applications.
１…受入ホッパ ２…原料移送コンベア
３…原料受入切換弁 ４…サイロ
５…往復動レーキ ６…原料崩れ防止ダンパー
７ａ、７ｂ…排出路切換ダンパー ８…原料投入コンベア
９…原料戻しコンベア １０…ミキサー
１１…温風入口弁 １２…一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、湿度分析計
１３…排風弁 １４…放散弁
１５…除塵器 １６ａ、１６ｂ…レーキ羽根
１７ａ、１７ｂ…底部ホッパ １８…レーキ駆動シリンダ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Receiving hopper 2 ... Raw material transfer conveyor 3 ... Raw material reception switching valve 4 ... Silo 5 ... Reciprocation rake 6 ... Raw material collapse prevention damper 7a, 7b ... Discharge path switching damper 8 ... Raw material insertion conveyor 9 ... Raw material return conveyor 10 ... Mixer 11: warm air inlet valve 12: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, humidity analyzer 13: exhaust air valve 14: diffusion valve 15: dust remover 16a, 16b: rake blade 17a, 17b: bottom hopper 18: rake drive cylinder
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| JPH0233593A (en) * | 1988-07-20 | 1990-02-02 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | Drying furnace controller |
| US5168640A (en) * | 1990-06-06 | 1992-12-08 | Centro De Investigacion Y Asistencia Tecnica De Estado De Queretaro, A.C. | Dryer for sugar cane bagasse and/or medulla with a vertical type, mobile bed with countercurrent waste combustion gases |
| JP2004066053A (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-03-04 | Japan Engineering Supply:Kk | Garbage disposer |
| JP4868790B2 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2012-02-01 | 中国電力株式会社 | Coal silos and thermal power plants |
| EP3126765B1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2020-04-22 | Pyrotek, Inc. | Chip dryer with integrated exhaust gas treatment |
| JP2016080217A (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-05-16 | 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 | Woody fuel dryer and woody fuel drying method using the same |
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