JP6483954B2 - Battery fire detection device - Google Patents

Battery fire detection device Download PDF

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JP6483954B2
JP6483954B2 JP2014034537A JP2014034537A JP6483954B2 JP 6483954 B2 JP6483954 B2 JP 6483954B2 JP 2014034537 A JP2014034537 A JP 2014034537A JP 2014034537 A JP2014034537 A JP 2014034537A JP 6483954 B2 JP6483954 B2 JP 6483954B2
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哲之 長谷
哲之 長谷
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Nippon Dry Chemical Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、リチウムイオン電池を使用して電力を蓄電し、その電力を住宅用の電力あるいは自動車や航空機などで使用する電力に変換して利用する際に、前記リチウムイオン電池の過負荷または過充電に起因する等のリチウムイオン電池の火災(以下、電池火災という)を未然に、かつ的確に検知し、火災の拡大を防止する電池火災検出装置に関するものである。   The present invention uses lithium ion batteries to store electric power, and converts the electric power into electric power for residential use or electric power used in automobiles, airplanes, etc., and uses the overload or overload of the lithium ion battery. The present invention relates to a battery fire detection device that accurately and accurately detects a fire of a lithium ion battery caused by charging (hereinafter referred to as a battery fire) and prevents the spread of the fire.

近年、様々な産業分野において、リチウムイオン電池を使用して電力を蓄電し、その電力を住宅用の電力あるいは自動車や航空機などで使用するようになってきている。
図5は、太陽光パネル51の出力、またはガス発電装置52の出力をリチウムイオン電池53に蓄電し、パワーコントローラ54で住宅用の電力に変換し、配電盤55を通じて住宅用電気機器56に給電すると共に、住宅内で使用しきれない余剰電力は電力会社57に売電するようにした住宅用発電装置50の構成を示すものである。
In recent years, in various industrial fields, electric power is stored using lithium ion batteries, and the electric power is used in residential electric power, automobiles, airplanes, and the like.
In FIG. 5, the output of the solar panel 51 or the output of the gas power generation device 52 is stored in the lithium ion battery 53, converted into residential power by the power controller 54, and supplied to the residential electrical device 56 through the switchboard 55. In addition, the surplus power that cannot be used in the house shows the configuration of the power generator 50 for the house that sells power to the power company 57.

しかし、このようにして使用されるリチウムイオン電池53は小型で高出力化が可能である反面、過負荷または過充電により、発熱し、その発熱状態が長時間継続すると外装が破壊されて発煙し、ついには火災となってしまう危険性がある。
詳しくは、図6の発煙に至る説明図に示すように、過負荷または過充電などの原因(ステップ61)が発生すると、時間経過に伴って発熱し(ステップ62)、外装部材が発煙し始め(ステップ63)、膨張した後(ステップ64)、内部破壊(ステップ65)、外装破壊(ステップ66)となり、この過程において各部から白煙が外部に吐出され、電池火災または電池火災の前兆として確認される状態になる。
原因の発生から発煙に至るまでの経過時間Tbは、機械的破壊よりも電気的な過負荷、過充電の場合の方が長く、状況によっては数時間になることが観測されている。
このようなリチウムイオン電池53の異状警告装置として下記の特許文献1に開示されたものがある。
However, while the lithium ion battery 53 used in this way is small and capable of high output, it generates heat due to overload or overcharge, and if the heat generation state continues for a long time, the exterior is destroyed and smoke is emitted. Finally, there is a risk of fire.
Specifically, as shown in the explanatory diagram leading to smoke generation in FIG. 6, when a cause such as overload or overcharge (step 61) occurs, heat is generated over time (step 62), and the exterior member starts to smoke. (Step 63) After expansion (Step 64), internal destruction (Step 65), exterior destruction (Step 66), and in this process, white smoke is discharged from each part and confirmed as a battery fire or a sign of battery fire It becomes a state to be.
It has been observed that the elapsed time Tb from the occurrence of the cause to the generation of smoke is longer in the case of electrical overload and overcharge than in the case of mechanical destruction, and is several hours depending on the situation.
As an abnormality warning device for such a lithium ion battery 53, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1 below.

特開2000−123887号公報JP 2000-123887 A

しかしながら、前記特許文献1に開示された異状警告装置は、リチウムイオン電池に異常が生じた場合、そのリチウムイオン電池が使用不可の状態になる前に異常をセンサで検出するとともに、外部にその異常を警告することのできるリチウムイオン電池における異常警告装置を提供することを目的とし、リチウムイオン電池に異常が発生するとその異常を検出する異常検出センサと、警告を発する警告装置と、上記異常検出センサが異常を検出するとこの異常検出センサから信号を受け、上記リチウムイオン電池が電力供給できなくなる一定時間以前に上記警告装置に警告を発生させる制御手段を備えた構成となっており、発煙を伴う電池火災を検出することは出来ないという問題がある。   However, in the abnormality warning device disclosed in Patent Document 1, when an abnormality occurs in a lithium ion battery, the abnormality is detected by a sensor before the lithium ion battery becomes unusable, and the abnormality is externally detected. In order to provide an abnormality warning device for a lithium ion battery that can warn of a lithium ion battery, an abnormality detection sensor that detects the abnormality when an abnormality occurs in the lithium ion battery, a warning device that issues a warning, and the abnormality detection sensor When the battery detects an abnormality, it has a configuration including a control means for receiving a signal from the abnormality detection sensor and generating a warning to the warning device before a predetermined time when the lithium ion battery cannot supply power. There is a problem that a fire cannot be detected.

本発明の目的は、リチウムイオン電池の発煙に伴う電気火災を早期に検出することができる電池火災検出装置を提供することである。   The objective of this invention is providing the battery fire detection apparatus which can detect the electric fire accompanying the smoke of a lithium ion battery at an early stage.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明にかかる電気火災検出装置は、密閉容器に収納されたリチウムイオン電池の発熱に起因して発煙した煙を取り込み、その濃度を検出する光学センサと、検出した濃度と予め設定した第1閾値とを比較し、電池火災の発生であると判定するための前記第1閾値を越えたならば、電池火災が発生していることを警報信号として出力する判定手段を備え、前記判定手段は、前記検出した濃度が前記第1閾値より小さい第2閾値を超え、前記第1閾値を越えていない場合は待機状態とし、この待機状態の時間が所定の時間よりも長くなった場合、異常が発生しているものとして確認作業を指示するように構成されており、前記判定手段は、前記検出した濃度が前記第1閾値より小さく前記第2閾値より大きい第3閾値を超え、前記第1閾値を越えていない場合には、所定時間の経過後、電池交換を指示するように構成されていることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, an electric fire detection device according to the present invention includes an optical sensor that captures smoke generated due to heat generated by a lithium ion battery housed in a sealed container and detects the concentration thereof, and a detected concentration. And a first threshold value set in advance, and if the first threshold value for determining that a battery fire has occurred is exceeded, a determination means for outputting as a warning signal that a battery fire has occurred. And the determination means sets a standby state when the detected concentration exceeds a second threshold value smaller than the first threshold value and does not exceed the first threshold value, and the standby state time is longer than a predetermined time. when it becomes abnormal is configured to instruct the checking operation as being generated, the determination means, the detected concentration is smaller than the first threshold and the second threshold value larger than the third threshold value Beyond, in a case when it does not exceed the first threshold value, after a predetermined time, it characterized that you have been configured to indicate battery replacement.

本発明によれば、光学センサにより、密閉容器に収納されたリチウムイオン電池の発熱に起因して発煙した煙を取り込み、その濃度を検出し、検出した濃度と予め設定した第1閾値とを比較し、電池火災の発生であると判定するための前記第1閾値を越えたならば、電池火災が発生していることを警報信号として出力するため、リチウムイオン電池の発煙を伴う電気火災を早期に検出することができる。
According to the present invention, compared with the optical sensor captures smoke and smoke due to heat generation of the lithium ion battery housed in the sealed container, it detects the concentration, the first predetermined threshold and the detected concentration If the first threshold value for determining that a battery fire has occurred is exceeded, an alarm signal indicating that a battery fire has occurred is output as an alarm signal. Can be detected.

本発明の電池火災検出装置に用いる電池用警報器の実施形態を構成図である。It is a block diagram of embodiment of the alarm device for batteries used for the battery fire detection apparatus of this invention. リチウムイオン電池の発煙濃度と比較のための閾値の設定例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of a setting of the threshold value for a smoke concentration and a comparison of a lithium ion battery. 電池用警報器を用いた電池火災検出装置の実施形態を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows embodiment of the battery fire detection apparatus using the alarm device for batteries. 図3の電池火災判断処理部の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence of the battery fire judgment process part of FIG. リチウムイオン電池を使用した従来における住宅用発電装置の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example of the conventional residential power generation device which uses a lithium ion battery. リチウムイオン電池の発煙に至る過程を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the process leading to the smoke of a lithium ion battery.

以下、本発明の一実施形態を図面を参照しながら説明する。
図1(a)は、本発明の電池火災検出装置に用いる電池用警報器10の実施形態を構成図である。本実施形態では、火災検出対象のリチウムイオン電池53は、密閉容器11の中に収納されている。電池用警報器10は、密閉容器11の中の気体(空気や煙)を取り込んでリチウムイオン電池53の状態を確認するように構成されている。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Fig.1 (a) is a block diagram of embodiment of the battery alarm 10 used for the battery fire detection apparatus of this invention. In this embodiment, the fire detection target lithium ion battery 53 is housed in the sealed container 11. The battery alarm 10 is configured to take in gas (air or smoke) in the sealed container 11 and check the state of the lithium ion battery 53.

電池用警報器10は、密閉容器11の中の雰囲気気体(空気や煙)を取り込んでリチウムイオン電池53の発煙濃度レベルを示す信号Sbを出力する。
この信号Sbは、図3に示す入出力履歴記憶部23に入力される。
電池用警報器10は、図1(b)に示すように、発光部101から出力した光を受光部103によって検出する構成となっており、密閉容器11から取り込んだ煙102の濃度が高くなると、その濃度に応じたレベルの信号Sb(Sb1〜sb3)を出力するようになっている。
The battery alarm device 10 takes in atmospheric gas (air or smoke) in the sealed container 11 and outputs a signal Sb indicating the smoke concentration level of the lithium ion battery 53.
This signal Sb is input to the input / output history storage unit 23 shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1B, the battery alarm device 10 is configured to detect light output from the light emitting unit 101 by the light receiving unit 103, and when the concentration of the smoke 102 taken from the sealed container 11 becomes high. A signal Sb (Sb1 to sb3) having a level corresponding to the density is output.

この信号Sbは、図3に示す電池火災検出装置20に入力される。   This signal Sb is input to the battery fire detection device 20 shown in FIG.

図3は、電池火災検出装置20の実施形態を示すブロック図であり、図4は電池火災判断処理部の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。
電池火災検出装置20は、パソコンなどの情報処理装置で構成され、電池火災の検出に必要な処理が処理プログラムとして組み込まれている。
図3においては、電池火災の検出に必要な処理を行う手段として、警報受信処理部21、電池火災判断処理部22、出力処理部24が組み込まれ、また入出力信号の履歴を記憶しておくための入出力履歴記憶部23が組み込まれている。
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the battery fire detection device 20, and FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the battery fire determination processing unit.
The battery fire detection device 20 is constituted by an information processing device such as a personal computer, and processing necessary for detection of battery fire is incorporated as a processing program.
In FIG. 3, an alarm reception processing unit 21, a battery fire determination processing unit 22, and an output processing unit 24 are incorporated as means for performing processing necessary for detection of battery fire, and the history of input / output signals is stored. For this purpose, an input / output history storage unit 23 is incorporated.

図2は、リチウムイオン電池53の発煙濃度と比較のための閾値の設定例を示す図である。
電池火災判断理部22は、リチウムイオン電池53の発煙濃度レベルを示す信号Sbを警報受信処理部21で受信したならば、閾値Th1〜Th2と比較し、Th1より大きく、Th2未満の場合には電池火災発生前の警報レベルSb1の段階であると判定する。Th2を超える場合には電池火災の前兆が発生していると看做せる警報レベルSb2の段階であると判定する。
Th3を超える場合には電池火災の発生と看做せる警報レベルSb3の段階であると判定する。
電池火災判断処理部22は、Th2またはTh3を発煙濃度が超えていない場合は、当初設定した電池火災発生の発煙濃度に対応する次段階の閾値Th2,Th3を超えるまで待機状態とする。但し、待機時間が異常に長時間(例えば12時間など)になった場合、何らかの異状が発生しているものとして管理棟に確認作業を指示する。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a setting example of a threshold value for comparison with the smoke concentration of the lithium ion battery 53.
When the alarm reception processing unit 21 receives the signal Sb indicating the smoke concentration level of the lithium ion battery 53, the battery fire judgment unit 22 compares the threshold value Th1 to Th2, and if it is greater than Th1 and less than Th2. It is determined that the alarm level is Sb1 before the battery fire occurs. If it exceeds Th2, it is determined that it is at the alarm level Sb2 where it can be considered that a sign of a battery fire has occurred.
If it exceeds Th3, it is determined that it is at the alarm level Sb3 that can be regarded as the occurrence of a battery fire.
If the smoke concentration does not exceed Th2 or Th3, the battery fire determination processing unit 22 waits until the next-stage threshold values Th2 and Th3 corresponding to the initially set smoke concentration at the occurrence of the battery fire are exceeded. However, if the standby time is abnormally long (for example, 12 hours), the management building is instructed to confirm that some abnormality has occurred.

図4は電池火災判断処理部22の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。
まず、発煙濃度レベルを示す信号Sb1、Sb2のいずれかを受信したかどうかを判定する(ステップ40)。Sb1を受信したならば(ステップ41)、Sb1フラグをONにする(ステップ42)。受信していない場合は受信するまで待機する。Sb1フラグをONにした後、Sb2を受信したかを判定し(ステップ43)、受信した場合にはSb2フラグをONにする(ステップ44)。
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the battery fire determination processing unit 22.
First, it is determined whether one of the signals Sb1 and Sb2 indicating the smoke concentration level is received (step 40). If Sb1 is received (step 41), the Sb1 flag is turned ON (step 42). If not, wait until it is received. After turning on the Sb1 flag, it is determined whether or not Sb2 has been received (step 43). If received, the Sb2 flag is turned on (step 44).

Sb2信号を受信したということは電池火災の前兆が発生していると判定できる濃度レベルに達しているので、Sb1のフラグをONにした後、Sb2のフラグをONにするまでの時間tを計測する(ステップ45)。そして、Sb3の閾値Th3を設定する(ステップ46)。そして、この設定した閾値Th3と信号Sb2を比較する(ステップ47)。信号Sb2がTh3を超えている場合には、電池火災の発生と看做して電池火災発生通報を関係者宛に出力する(ステップ48)。次に、管理者宛に電池火災発生を通報する(ステップ49)。
通報後、電池火災が消火活動により消火されたならば、処理を終了する(ステップ50)。
The fact that the Sb2 signal has been received has reached a concentration level at which it can be determined that a sign of battery fire has occurred, so the time t from when the Sb1 flag is turned on to when the Sb2 flag is turned on is measured. (Step 45). Then, a threshold Th3 for Sb3 is set (step 46). Then, the set threshold value Th3 and the signal Sb2 are compared (step 47). If the signal Sb2 exceeds Th3, it is considered that a battery fire has occurred, and a battery fire notification is output to the parties concerned (step 48). Next, the occurrence of a battery fire is notified to the administrator (step 49).
After the notification, if the battery fire is extinguished by the fire extinguishing activity, the process is terminated (step 50).

なお、上記処理過程において入出力した信号の全ては、入出力時刻、入力元、送信先を付記して入出力履歴記憶部23に記録される。この記録に基づいて電池火災の検出状況を詳細に確認することができる。
なお、Sb1フラグをONにした後、Sb2信号の受信待ち状態でT1時間(例えば12時間)経過したならば(ステップ53)、電池火災発生までは至らない何らかの電池異状が発生している可能性があるので、管理者へ点検指示を出力し(ステップ54)、リチウムイオン電池53の状態を点検させる。
Note that all signals input / output in the above process are recorded in the input / output history storage unit 23 with the input / output time, the input source, and the transmission destination added. Based on this record, the battery fire detection status can be confirmed in detail.
If T1 time (for example, 12 hours) elapses in the Sb2 signal reception waiting state after the Sb1 flag is turned ON (step 53), there is a possibility that some battery abnormality that does not lead to a battery fire has occurred. Therefore, an inspection instruction is output to the administrator (step 54), and the state of the lithium ion battery 53 is inspected.

点検の結果、異状が無ければ監視状態に復帰する(ステップ56)。異状があった場合、管理者の判断により、リチウムイオン電池53自体を交換するなどの処置を行う(ステップ57)。
一方、ステップ40において、Sb3を受信した場合(ステップ51)、ステップ47に進み、予め設定しておいた閾値Th3を越えるかどうかを判定する。設定してあった閾値Th3を越えていなかった場合には、T2時間経過後、管理者へ電池交換を指示する(ステップ52)。
If there is no abnormality as a result of the inspection, the monitoring state is restored (step 56). If there is an abnormality, a measure such as replacing the lithium ion battery 53 itself is performed at the discretion of the administrator (step 57).
On the other hand, when Sb3 is received in step 40 (step 51), the process proceeds to step 47, and it is determined whether or not a preset threshold value Th3 is exceeded. If the set threshold value Th3 has not been exceeded, the battery is instructed to the administrator after the time T2 has elapsed (step 52).

なお、本発明は、住宅付属のリチウムイオン電池、自動車に搭載のリチウムイオン電池、航空機などに搭載するリチウムイオン電池の電池火災を検出する場合に全て適用することが出来る。電池火災発生後の消火活動に際しては散水、放水、消火液により消火するなど搭載した場所に応じて適切な手段を選択して対応することになる。   Note that the present invention can be applied to all cases where a battery fire of a lithium ion battery attached to a house, a lithium ion battery mounted on an automobile, a lithium ion battery mounted on an aircraft or the like is detected. In the case of fire extinguishing activities after a battery fire occurs, appropriate measures will be selected according to the location where the equipment is installed, such as watering, water discharge, or extinguishing with a fire extinguishing liquid.

なお、閾値Th1,Th2を基本に閾値Th3を設定しているが、発熱・発煙の特性を考えて、閾値Th3の設定数をTh3に限らず、さらに複数段階に設定することができる。   Although the threshold value Th3 is set based on the threshold values Th1 and Th2, the number of threshold values Th3 is not limited to Th3 and can be set to a plurality of stages in consideration of the characteristics of heat generation and smoke generation.

10 電池用警報器
11 密閉容器
20 電池火災検出装置
21 警報受信処理部
22 電池火災判断処理部
23 入出力履歴記録部
24 出力処理部
53 リチウムイオン電池
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Battery alarm device 11 Sealed container 20 Battery fire detection device 21 Alarm reception processing part 22 Battery fire judgment processing part 23 Input / output history recording part 24 Output processing part 53 Lithium ion battery

Claims (1)

密閉容器に収納されたリチウムイオン電池の発熱に起因して発煙した煙を取り込み、その濃度を検出する光学センサと、検出した濃度と予め設定した第1閾値とを比較し、電池火災の発生であると判定するための前記第1閾値を越えたならば、電池火災が発生していることを警報信号として出力する判定手段を備え、
前記判定手段は、前記検出した濃度が前記第1閾値より小さい第2閾値を超え、前記第1閾値を越えていない場合は待機状態とし、この待機状態の時間が所定の時間よりも長くなった場合、異常が発生しているものとして確認作業を指示するように構成されており、
前記判定手段は、前記検出した濃度が前記第1閾値より小さく前記第2閾値より大きい第3閾値を超え、前記第1閾値を越えていない場合には、所定時間の経過後、電池交換を指示するように構成されていることを特徴とする電気火災検出装置。
Captures smoke generated due to the heat generated by the lithium-ion battery stored in a sealed container, compares the optical sensor that detects the concentration with the detected concentration and a preset first threshold value, and generates a battery fire. A determination means for outputting a warning signal that a battery fire has occurred if the first threshold value for determining the presence of the battery fire is exceeded;
The determination means is in a standby state when the detected density exceeds a second threshold value smaller than the first threshold value and does not exceed the first threshold value, and the standby state time is longer than a predetermined time. Is configured to instruct the confirmation work as being an anomaly ,
If the detected concentration exceeds a third threshold value that is smaller than the first threshold value and greater than the second threshold value, and does not exceed the first threshold value, the battery replacement is instructed after a predetermined time has elapsed. An electric fire detection device characterized by being configured to do so.
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