JP6470998B2 - Spot welding strength evaluation test method - Google Patents
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 119
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 56
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 56
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、板材をスポット溶接して形成される試験片を曲げ試験冶具に載置して試験片に荷重を付加することによってスポット溶接強度を評価する方法に関する。
なお、本明細書においてスポット溶接の強度を評価するとは、前記部品に曲げ変形を与え、前記部品に生ずる亀裂の発生場所や進展方向等の態様を確認したり、破断に至るまでの荷重と変位の関係を求めたりすることによって、スポット溶接に関する強度を評価することをいう。
また、本明細書においてスポット溶接部と表記したときは、スポット溶接による熱影響部（ＨＡＺ：heat-affected zone）を含む。
The present invention relates to a method for evaluating spot welding strength by placing a test piece formed by spot welding a plate material on a bending test jig and applying a load to the test piece.
In this specification, the evaluation of the strength of spot welding means that the part is subjected to bending deformation, the mode of occurrence of cracks and the direction of development of the part, etc., and the load and displacement until breakage are observed. It means that the strength related to spot welding is evaluated by obtaining the relationship.
Moreover, when it describes with the spot welding part in this specification, the heat affected zone (HAZ: heat-affected zone) by spot welding is included.
自動車部品の組み立てにはスポット溶接が広く適用されている。スポット溶接とは、２つの電極の間に接合したい複数の鋼板を挟み、電流を流すことで抵抗発熱により鋼板を溶融させて接合する方法である。自動車の衝突性能や剛性・強度特性にとって、スポット溶接強度は重要な特性である。たとえば、自動車が衝突した場合に、衝突エネルギーを車体の骨格部品が吸収して乗員の安全を確保する必要があるが、万が一溶接部の強度が足りず、そこで破壊が発生してしまうと、車体強度は大きく低下し、乗員の生命を脅かす可能性がある。そのため、スポット溶接部の強度を事前に精度良く評価し、その特性を考慮したうえで車体設計を行うことが重要となっている。 Spot welding is widely applied to the assembly of automobile parts. Spot welding is a method in which a plurality of steel plates to be joined are sandwiched between two electrodes, and the steel plates are melted and joined by resistance heating by passing an electric current. Spot welding strength is an important characteristic for collision performance, rigidity and strength characteristics of automobiles. For example, when an automobile collides, it is necessary to ensure the safety of passengers by absorbing the collision energy by the skeleton parts of the car body. The strength is greatly reduced, and can threaten the lives of passengers. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the strength of the spot welded portion with high accuracy in advance and to design the vehicle body in consideration of the characteristics.
一方で、衝突安全性向上の要求と車体軽量化を両立するために、従来にない強度特性をもつ高強度鋼板が車体に適用されるようになってきた。高強度鋼板は、鋼板製造段階で高温に加熱した鋼板を急速に冷却して強度の高いマルテンサイト組織を発生させて所望の強度特性を実現させて製造されるものである。また、プレス加工時に鋼板を急速に冷却することで高強度を実現させる熱間プレス部品も自動車部品に多用されるようになっている。 On the other hand, high-strength steel sheets having unprecedented strength characteristics have been applied to the vehicle body in order to satisfy both the demand for improved collision safety and the weight reduction of the vehicle body. A high-strength steel plate is manufactured by rapidly cooling a steel plate heated to a high temperature in the steel plate manufacturing stage to generate a high-strength martensite structure and realizing desired strength characteristics. In addition, hot press parts that achieve high strength by rapidly cooling a steel sheet during press working are also frequently used in automobile parts.
このような高強度鋼板をスポット溶接した場合、スポット溶接の熱の影響を受け、溶接部周囲の材料強度が低下する現象が知られている。溶接による熱の影響をうけた領域は、一般にＨＡＺと呼ばれている。ＨＡＺはスポット溶接部の周囲1〜2mm程度の非常に狭い範囲であるが、この部分の軟化によって溶接強度が低下する場合がある。高強度鋼板を適用した車体を衝突させた場合、このＨＡＺ部での材料に亀裂が発生し、その亀裂を起点として部品が破断し、衝突性能が低下する危険性がある。
そのため、自動車車体設計および高強度鋼板開発の上で、衝突変形時のスポット溶接強度を正しく評価する手法が望まれてきた。
When such a high-strength steel plate is spot welded, a phenomenon is known in which the material strength around the welded portion is affected by the heat of spot welding. A region that is affected by heat due to welding is generally called HAZ. HAZ is a very narrow range of about 1 to 2 mm around the spot welded portion, but the weld strength may decrease due to softening of this portion. When a vehicle body to which a high-strength steel plate is applied is caused to collide, there is a risk that a crack will occur in the material at the HAZ part, the part will break starting from the crack, and the collision performance will deteriorate.
Therefore, there has been a demand for a method for correctly evaluating spot welding strength at the time of collision deformation in designing an automobile body and developing a high-strength steel sheet.
スポット溶接強度の評価試験のうち、一般的なものとしては、ＪＩＳ Ｚ３１３６「抵抗スポットおよびプロジェクション溶接継ぎ手のせん断試験に対する試験片寸法及び試験方法」（非特許文献１）やＪＩＳ Ｚ３１３７「抵抗スポットおよびプロジェクション溶接継ぎ手の十字引張り試験に対する試験片寸法及び試験方法」（非特許文献２）などが知られている。 Among the spot weld strength evaluation tests, JIS Z3136 “Test Dimension and Test Method for Shear Test of Resistance Spot and Projection Weld Joint” (Non-Patent Document 1) and JIS Z3137 “Resistance Spot and Projection” “Test specimen dimensions and test methods for the cross tension test of welded joints” (Non-Patent Document 2) and the like are known.
ＪＩＳ Ｚ３１３６やＪＩＳ Ｚ３１３７で規定される試験方法は、引張り試験機によって材料が破断するまでの最大引張り荷重を測定し、それぞれの変形様式における破断強度を求めるものであるが、その破断形態は、図１７に示すように、一般にプラグ破断と呼ばれる、スポット溶接部で材料が円形に破断するものとなる。
しかしながら、高強度鋼板を適用した自動車部品の衝突変形時によく観察される破断形態は、溶接部周囲のＨＡＺ軟化部で亀裂が発生し、それを起点として亀裂が材料側に進むものであり、ＪＩＳ Ｚ３１３６やＪＩＳ Ｚ３１３７で規定される試験方法では再現されない破断形態となる。
ＪＩＳで規定されている引張りせん断試験および十字引張り試験は、溶接部周囲であるＨＡＺ部の軟化の有無によらず、溶接部で破断が発生するのに対し、実際の衝突変形では、ＨＡＺ部の軟化があった場合にそこで亀裂が発生し、それ以外の場合には溶接部以外の鋼板部で破断するか、破断そのものが発生しない。
以上のように、上記各ＪＩＳで規定される試験方法においては、高強度鋼板を適用した自動車部品の衝突変形時によく観察される破断形態を再現できないため、スポット溶接の強度を的確に評価することができないという問題がある。
The test methods specified in JIS Z3136 and JIS Z3137 measure the maximum tensile load until the material breaks with a tensile tester and determine the breaking strength in each deformation mode. As shown in FIG. 17, the material is generally broken at a spot welded portion, which is called plug rupture.
However, the fracture mode often observed at the time of impact deformation of automobile parts to which high-strength steel plates are applied is that cracks occur at the HAZ softened part around the welded part, and the cracks proceed to the material side starting from that. It becomes a fracture form that is not reproduced by the test method defined in Z3136 or JIS Z3137.
In the tensile shear test and the cross tensile test specified by JIS, fracture occurs in the welded part regardless of whether the HAZ part around the welded part is softened. When softening occurs, a crack occurs there, and in other cases, it breaks at the steel plate part other than the welded part, or no fracture occurs.
As described above, in the test methods specified in the above JIS, it is impossible to reproduce the fracture form often observed at the time of collision deformation of automobile parts to which high-strength steel plates are applied, so the strength of spot welding must be evaluated accurately. There is a problem that can not be.
また、自動車部品の変形強度を評価するために、ハット型断面部品４３とハット型断面部品４３のフランジ部４３ａに平板４５をスポット溶接して作成された単純部材４１（図１８（ａ）参照）を曲げ試験する方法も良く知られているが、このような試験方法では部材の断面が潰れるのみで（図１８（ｂ）参照）、溶接部が破断するような変形モードを再現することは難しく、この方法の場合においてもスポット溶接の強度を的確に評価することができないという問題もある。 Further, in order to evaluate the deformation strength of automobile parts, a simple member 41 created by spot-welding a flat plate 45 to the hat-shaped cross-sectional component 43 and the flange portion 43a of the hat-shaped cross-sectional component 43 (see FIG. 18A). It is difficult to reproduce a deformation mode in which the welded portion breaks because only the cross section of the member is crushed (see FIG. 18B). Even in this method, there is a problem that the strength of spot welding cannot be accurately evaluated.
本発明は、上記のような課題を解決するためになされたものであり、自動車部品の衝突変形時の溶接部破断、溶接ＨＡＺ部破断および材料破断を再現し、スポット溶接の強度を的確かつ簡便に評価できるスポット溶接強度評価試験方法を得ることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and reproduces welded portion breakage, welded HAZ portion breakage and material breakage at the time of collision deformation of an automobile part, and accurately and easily improves the strength of spot welding. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a spot welding strength evaluation test method that can be evaluated in the following manner.
（１）本発明に係るスポット溶接強度評価試験方法は、板材をスポット溶接して形成される試験片を曲げ試験冶具に載置して前記試験片に荷重を付加することによってスポット溶接強度を評価する方法であって、
前記試験片は、長手方向直交断面がＬ字状の２枚の板材同士を、長手方向直交断面がＴ字状になるように配置してＴ字の縦片部に長手方向所定間隔で評価対象のスポット溶接を施し、かつＴ字の上面に両方の前記Ｌ字状の板材に跨るように裏板を接合してなる長手方向直交断面Ｔ字状をしてなり、
前記曲げ試験冶具は、一対の支持体と、各支持体に回動可能に取り付けられると共に前記試験片の横片部下面を回動中心軸と同一面に載置可能、かつ前記試験片のＴ字の縦片部が挿入可能なスリットを有する試験片支持部材と、前記試験片に当接する面が円弧状に形成されると共に変形試験機に固定されたパンチとを有してなり、
前記試験片の両端部におけるＴ字の縦片部を前記試験片支持部材のスリットに挿入すると共に前記試験片の横片部下面を前記試験片支持部材に載置して、前記一対の支持体間の中央となる裏板側から前記パンチによって荷重を付加して前記試験片に曲げ変形を与えて前記スポット溶接部及び／又はスポット溶接ＨＡＺ部及び／又は前記Ｔ字の縦片部の縁部に破断を生じさせ、付加した荷重と破断が生じたときの前記パンチのストロークによって前記スポット溶接の強度を評価することを特徴とするものである。
(1) The spot welding strength evaluation test method according to the present invention evaluates spot welding strength by placing a test piece formed by spot welding a plate material on a bending test jig and applying a load to the test piece. A way to
The test piece is an object to be evaluated at two predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the T-shaped vertical piece portion by arranging two sheets of L-shaped longitudinal cross-sections so that the longitudinal cross-section is T-shaped. And a longitudinal cross-section T-shaped formed by joining a back plate so as to straddle both L-shaped plate materials on the T-shaped upper surface,
The bending test jig is rotatably attached to a pair of supports and each support, and the lower surface of the horizontal piece portion of the test piece can be placed on the same plane as the rotation center axis. A test piece support member having a slit into which the vertical piece of the character can be inserted, and a punch that is formed in an arc shape and fixed to the deformation tester, and is in contact with the test piece,
The pair of supports is formed by inserting T-shaped vertical pieces at both ends of the test piece into the slits of the test piece support member and placing the lower surface of the horizontal piece portion of the test piece on the test piece support member. An edge of the spot welded portion and / or spot welded HAZ portion and / or the vertical piece portion of the T-shape by applying a load by the punch from the back plate side which is the center between them and applying bending deformation to the test piece The strength of the spot welding is evaluated based on the applied load and the stroke of the punch when the fracture occurs.
本発明においては、長手方向直交断面Ｔ字状になるように構成した試験片の両端部におけるＴ字の縦片部を、曲げ試験冶具の試験片支持部材のスリットに挿入すると共に試験片の横片部下面を試験片支持部材の回動中心軸と同一面に載置して、支持部材を支える一対の支持体間の中央となる裏板側からパンチによって荷重を付加して試験片に曲げ変形を与えることによって、縦片部に引張応力を作用させることができ、スポット溶接部及び／又はスポット溶接ＨＡＺ部及び／又は縦片部の縁部に破断を生じさせて車体衝突時の破断態様を的確にかつ簡便に再現することが可能となり、付加した荷重と破断が生じたときのパンチのストロークによって車体衝突時におけるスポット溶接の強度を評価することができる。 In the present invention, the T-shaped vertical piece portions at both ends of the test piece configured to have a T-shaped cross section in the longitudinal direction are inserted into the slits of the test piece support member of the bending test jig and the side of the test piece. Place the lower surface of the piece on the same plane as the rotation center axis of the test piece support member, and apply a load from the back plate that is the center between the pair of support members that support the support member, and bend the test piece. By applying deformation, tensile stress can be applied to the vertical piece, and the spot welded portion and / or the spot welded HAZ portion and / or the edge of the vertical piece can be broken to break the vehicle at the time of vehicle collision. Can be accurately and easily reproduced, and the strength of spot welding at the time of a vehicle collision can be evaluated by the applied load and the stroke of the punch when the fracture occurs.
本発明の一実施の形態に係るスポット溶接強度評価試験方法は、図１〜図３に示す曲げ試験冶具１を用いて、図２〜図４に示す長手方向直交断面Ｔ字状の試験片３を３点曲げ試験をすることでスポット溶接の強度を評価するものであるので、当該試験方法について説明する前に、試験片３と曲げ試験冶具１について詳細に説明する。 A spot welding strength evaluation test method according to an embodiment of the present invention uses a bending test jig 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and a test piece 3 having a T-shaped longitudinal cross section shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. Since the strength of spot welding is evaluated by performing a three-point bending test, the test piece 3 and the bending test jig 1 will be described in detail before describing the test method.
＜試験片＞
試験片３は、図２〜図４に示すように、縦片部５と横片部７を有する長手方向直交断面Ｔ字状からなる。
試験片３は、長手方向直交断面がＬ字状の２枚の板材（Ｌ字部材９）同士を、長手方向直交断面がＴ字状になるように配置してＴ字の縦片部５に長手方向所定間隔で評価対象のスポット溶接を施し、かつＴ字の上面に両方のＬ字部材９に跨るように裏板１１を接合して作成される。スポット溶接のピッチや位置、数等は適宜変更可能である。なお、図４においてスポット溶接部１３を黒く塗り潰している。
Ｌ字部材９と裏板１１は同じ材料を用いてもよいし、車体の構造に合わせて強度や板厚を変えるようにしてもよい。Ｌ字部材９は、例えば、鋼板をせん断機にて切断後にプレスブレーキで９０度の曲げ成形を行って作成される。
このように、試験片３は容易かつ安価に作成することができる。
<Specimen>
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the test piece 3 has a longitudinal cross-section T-shape having a vertical piece portion 5 and a horizontal piece portion 7.
The test piece 3 is formed by arranging two plate members (L-shaped members 9) having a L-shaped cross section in the longitudinal direction so that the cross sections in the longitudinal direction are T-shaped. It is created by performing spot welding to be evaluated at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction and joining the back plate 11 so as to straddle both L-shaped members 9 on the T-shaped upper surface. The pitch, position, number, and the like of spot welding can be changed as appropriate. In FIG. 4, the spot welded portion 13 is painted black.
The same material may be used for the L-shaped member 9 and the back plate 11, and the strength and thickness may be changed according to the structure of the vehicle body. The L-shaped member 9 is created, for example, by cutting a steel plate with a shearing machine and then bending it with a press brake at 90 degrees.
Thus, the test piece 3 can be easily and inexpensively prepared.
なお上記では、Ｌ字部材９と裏板１１の接合、及び、Ｌ字部材９同士の接合をスポット溶接によって行ったものを例に挙げて説明したが、本発明は、縦片部５のスポット溶接部１３が強度評価対象であるのでＬ字部材９同士の接合がスポット溶接であればよく、Ｌ字部材９と裏板１１の接合はスポット溶接でなくともよい。また、Ｌ字部材９同士のスポット溶接の数や長手方向位置について、Ｌ字部材９と裏板１１のスポット溶接の数や長手方向位置と一致させる必要はない。 In the above description, the L-shaped member 9 and the back plate 11 and the L-shaped members 9 are joined to each other by spot welding. Since the welded portion 13 is an object for strength evaluation, the joining between the L-shaped members 9 may be spot welding, and the joining between the L-shaped member 9 and the back plate 11 may not be spot welding. Moreover, it is not necessary to match the number of spot welding between the L-shaped members 9 and the position in the longitudinal direction with the number of spot welding between the L-shaped members 9 and the back plate 11 and the position in the longitudinal direction.
＜曲げ試験冶具＞
曲げ試験冶具１は、図１〜図３に示すように、基台１５と、一対の支持体１６と、各支持体１６に回動可能に取り付けられて載置された試験片３を支持する試験片支持部材２１と、試験片３に一対の支持体１６間の中央から曲げ荷重を付与するパンチ２３とを有している。
曲げ試験冶具１を構成する各部材は例えばSS400材を加工することによって作成される。
以下、各構成を詳細に説明する。
<Bending test jig>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the bending test jig 1 supports a base 15, a pair of supports 16, and a test piece 3 that is rotatably mounted on each support 16. A test piece support member 21 and a punch 23 that applies a bending load to the test piece 3 from the center between the pair of supports 16 are provided.
Each member which comprises the bending test jig 1 is created by processing SS400 material, for example.
Hereinafter, each configuration will be described in detail.
≪基台≫
基台１５は、板状体からなり、支持体１６を固定するためのボルト孔１５ａが所定間隔に複数設けられている。
≪Base≫
The base 15 is made of a plate-like body, and a plurality of bolt holes 15a for fixing the support 16 are provided at predetermined intervals.
≪支持体≫
各支持体１６は、直方体状の固定部材１９と、固定部材１９の幅方向両側に固定された一対の支柱１７から構成されている。
固定部材１９は、高さ方向に貫通する貫通孔１９ａ（図１参照）が設けられており、ボルトを貫通孔１９ａに挿通して、基台１５のボルト孔１５ａと螺合させることで固定部材１９を基台１５に固定することができる。螺合させるボルト孔１５ａを選択することで、固定部材１９の基台１５に対する長手方向の固定位置を選択できる。
固定部材１９の幅方向両端には支柱１７の下部が取り付けられており、これによって支柱１７が立設している。
支柱１７は、試験片支持部材２１を軸支するためのものであり、上部に軸孔１７ａ（図１参照）が設けられている。
≪Support body≫
Each support 16 includes a rectangular parallelepiped fixing member 19 and a pair of support columns 17 fixed to both sides of the fixing member 19 in the width direction.
The fixing member 19 is provided with a through hole 19a (see FIG. 1) penetrating in the height direction. The fixing member 19 is inserted into the through hole 19a and screwed into the bolt hole 15a of the base 15 so as to be fixed. 19 can be fixed to the base 15. By selecting the bolt hole 15a to be screwed, a fixing position in the longitudinal direction of the fixing member 19 with respect to the base 15 can be selected.
The lower part of the support | pillar 17 is attached to the width direction both ends of the fixing member 19, and the support | pillar 17 is standingly arranged by this.
The column 17 is for pivotally supporting the test piece support member 21 and is provided with a shaft hole 17a (see FIG. 1) at the top.
≪試験片支持部材≫
試験片支持部材２１は、略直方体形状をしており、その両端部が支柱１７に軸２５によって回動可能に取り付けられている。
試験片支持部材２１は、上面が幅広く凹陥してなり試験片３の横片部７が載置される試験片載置部２１ａを有している。試験片載置部２１ａの上面は、軸２５の中心Ｃ（図２及び図３参照）に一致するようになっている。
試験片載置部２１ａの幅方向中央には、上面から試験片支持部材２１の高さ方向に延びるスリット２１ｂが設けられており、このスリット２１ｂに試験片３の縦片部５が挿入可能になっている。
試験片３は、図２に示すように、２つの試験片支持部材２１に亘って載置される。試験片支持部材２１同士の間隔は、試験片３の長さや試験内容に応じて、固定部材１９の固定位置を変更することで調整可能である。
≪Specimen support member≫
The test piece support member 21 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and both ends thereof are rotatably attached to the support column 17 by the shaft 25.
The test piece support member 21 has a test piece mounting portion 21a on which the upper surface of the test piece 3 is recessed so that the horizontal piece portion 7 of the test piece 3 is mounted. The upper surface of the test piece mounting portion 21a coincides with the center C of the shaft 25 (see FIGS. 2 and 3).
A slit 21b extending from the upper surface in the height direction of the test piece support member 21 is provided at the center in the width direction of the test piece mounting portion 21a, and the vertical piece portion 5 of the test piece 3 can be inserted into the slit 21b. It has become.
As shown in FIG. 2, the test piece 3 is placed across the two test piece support members 21. The interval between the test piece support members 21 can be adjusted by changing the fixing position of the fixing member 19 according to the length of the test piece 3 and the test contents.
≪パンチ≫
パンチ２３は円柱を軸方向に半割した形状をしており、円弧面が試験片に当接するように変形試験機２７に固定されている。
≪Punch≫
The punch 23 has a shape in which a cylinder is divided in half in the axial direction, and is fixed to the deformation testing machine 27 so that the arc surface comes into contact with the test piece.
＜スポット溶接強度評価試験方法＞
以上のように構成された曲げ試験冶具１を用いた本実施の形態に係るスポット溶接強度評価試験方法について、図２及び図５〜図８に基づいて説明する。なお、図５〜図７においては試験片支持部材２１とパンチ２３と試験片３のみを図示しており、図８においてはＬ字部材９及び裏板１１の板厚を省略して図示している。
試験片３は、２つの試験片支持部材２１に亘るようにして載置され（図２及び図５参照）、試験片３の中央をパンチ２３で裏板１１側から押圧することにより、試験片３の両端部における横片部７の下面を支点とする３点曲げが行われる（図６及び図７参照）。
<Spot welding strength evaluation test method>
A spot welding strength evaluation test method according to the present embodiment using the bending test jig 1 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 5 to 8. 5-7, only the test piece support member 21, the punch 23, and the test piece 3 are shown, and in FIG. 8, the thickness of the L-shaped member 9 and the back plate 11 is omitted. Yes.
The test piece 3 is placed so as to extend over the two test piece support members 21 (see FIGS. 2 and 5), and the center of the test piece 3 is pressed with the punch 23 from the back plate 11 side. Three-point bending is performed with the lower surface of the horizontal piece 7 at both ends of 3 as a fulcrum (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
図５〜図７に示すように、パンチ２３による押し下げに伴って試験片支持部材２１が回動することで、横片部７においては線長がほとんど変化しないようになっている。
一方、縦片部５においては、図８に示すように引張の応力場となって伸び変形が生じ、車体衝突時と同様に、スポット溶接部１３及び／又はスポット溶接１３のＨＡＺ部及び／又は縦片部５の縁部に破断を生じさせることができる。
As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the test piece support member 21 rotates as the punch 23 is pushed down, so that the line length hardly changes in the horizontal piece portion 7.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8, the longitudinal piece portion 5 becomes a tensile stress field and undergoes elongation deformation, and the spot welded portion 13 and / or the HAZ portion of the spot welded portion 13 and / or the spot welded portion 13, as in the case of a vehicle body collision. The edge of the vertical piece 5 can be broken.
このように、本発明によれば、車体衝突時のスポット溶接部破断現象を再現でき、スポット溶接の強度を的確に評価することができる。
なお、上述した破断現象は、どの部分に亀裂が発生してどのように進展するか等、試験片３を構成する材料やスポット溶接部１３のピッチ、スポット溶接部１３の縦片部５の縁部からの距離等に応じて態様が異なる。この点については実施例で詳細に説明する。
Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to reproduce the spot weld fracture phenomenon at the time of a vehicle collision, and to accurately evaluate the strength of spot welding.
Note that the above-described fracture phenomenon includes the material constituting the test piece 3, the pitch of the spot welded portion 13, the edge of the vertical piece portion 5 of the spot welded portion 13, such as which part is cracked and how it progresses. The mode varies depending on the distance from the part. This point will be described in detail in Examples.
スポット溶接の強度の評価は、パンチ２３上部にロードセルと変位計を設置して試験片３に付与される荷重とパンチ２３のストロークの関係を測定して、この測定結果に基づいて行う。 Evaluation of the strength of spot welding is performed based on the measurement result by installing a load cell and a displacement meter above the punch 23 and measuring the relationship between the load applied to the test piece 3 and the stroke of the punch 23.
以上のように、本実施の形態においては、容易かつ安価に作成できる試験片３を用い、試験片３の両端部における横片部７下面を支点として、裏板１１側から荷重を付加して試験片３に曲げ変形を与えることによって、縦片部５のスポット溶接部１３及び／又はスポット溶接１３のＨＡＺ部及び／又は縦片部５の縁部に破断を生じさせて、車体衝突時のスポット溶接部破断現象を的確に再現可能となる。その結果、衝突強度で問題となるスポット溶接部破断を対策するための基礎となる試験データを得ることができ、溶接強度特性に優れる材料の開発や破断を回避するための車体設計方法、溶接方法の開発に寄与することができる。 As described above, in the present embodiment, the test piece 3 that can be easily and inexpensively used is used, and a load is applied from the back plate 11 side with the lower surface of the horizontal piece 7 at both ends of the test piece 3 as fulcrums. By subjecting the test piece 3 to bending deformation, the spot welded portion 13 of the vertical piece portion 5 and / or the HAZ portion of the spot weld 13 and / or the edge portion of the vertical piece portion 5 are ruptured. Spot fracture fracture can be accurately reproduced. As a result, it is possible to obtain test data that is the basis for countermeasures against spot weld breakage, which is a problem with collision strength, and to develop a material with excellent welding strength characteristics and to avoid the breakage of the vehicle body design method and welding method. Can contribute to the development of
本発明のスポット溶接強度評価試験方法について具体的な実施例に基づいて説明する。
上記の実施の形態で述べたように、部品を構成する材料等の違いによって、車体衝突時のスポット溶接部破断現象の態様が異なる。
そこで、本実施例は、本発明のスポット溶接強度評価試験方法を用いて、亀裂がどの部分を起点として発生してどのように進展するかを鋼板の強度を変えて確認し、スポット溶接の強度を評価することを目的としている。
The spot welding strength evaluation test method of the present invention will be described based on specific examples.
As described in the above embodiment, the aspect of the spot welded portion fracture phenomenon at the time of a vehicle body collision differs depending on the difference in materials and the like constituting the part.
Therefore, in this example, by using the spot welding strength evaluation test method of the present invention, it is confirmed by changing the strength of the steel sheet which part the crack originates from and how it progresses. The purpose is to evaluate.
まず、スポット溶接された２枚の鋼板のスポット溶接部１３とその近傍の硬度分布が、鋼板の強度の違いによってどのように異なるのかを、本実施例で用いる２種類の鋼板（590MPa級鋼板、1470MPa級鋼板）を例に挙げて図９に基づいて以下に説明する。1470MPa級鋼板は実際の車体衝突で溶接部の破断が問題になる高強度鋼板であり、590MPa級鋼板は一般的に用いられる鋼板である。板厚はそれぞれ1.6mmとした。 First, the two types of steel plates (590 MPa class steel plate, 590 MPa class steel plate used in this example) will be described how the hardness distribution of the spot welded portion 13 of the two steel plates subjected to spot welding and the vicinity thereof varies depending on the strength difference of the steel plates. A 1470 MPa class steel sheet) will be described below with reference to FIG. The 1470 MPa class steel plate is a high strength steel plate in which the fracture of the welded part becomes a problem in actual vehicle collision, and the 590 MPa class steel plate is a commonly used steel plate. Each plate thickness was 1.6 mm.
図９（ａ）は590MPa級鋼板（鋼板２９）の場合、図９（ｂ）は1470MPa級鋼板（鋼板３１）の場合についての説明図である。図９（ａ）と図９（ｂ）は同様であるので図９（ａ）を例に挙げて説明する。
図９（ａ）は、スポット溶接した２枚の鋼板２９のスポット溶接部１３近傍における板厚方向の断面図と、硬度分布を示すグラフを併記している。断面図において点線の丸で囲んだ部分がスポット溶接部１３を表しており、スポット溶接部１３は２枚の鋼板２９が溶融して一体になっている。硬度分布を示すグラフは、横軸がスポット溶接部１３の一端を基準とした距離[mm]を表しており、溶接部側をマイナスとしている。縦軸は硬度[MPa]を表している。
FIG. 9A is an explanatory diagram for a 590 MPa class steel plate (steel plate 29), and FIG. 9B is an explanatory diagram for a 1470 MPa class steel plate (steel plate 31). Since FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B are similar, FIG. 9A will be described as an example.
FIG. 9A shows a cross-sectional view in the plate thickness direction in the vicinity of the spot welded portion 13 of the two steel plates 29 subjected to spot welding and a graph showing the hardness distribution. In the cross-sectional view, a portion surrounded by a dotted circle represents the spot welded portion 13, and the two steel plates 29 are fused and integrated in the spot welded portion 13. In the graph showing the hardness distribution, the horizontal axis represents the distance [mm] based on one end of the spot welded portion 13, and the welded portion side is negative. The vertical axis represents hardness [MPa].
図９（ａ）に示すように、590MPa級鋼板の場合、母材の硬度（例えば距離2.0mm参照）よりもスポット溶接部１３（例えば距離-2.0mm参照）において高い硬度を示している。
他方、1490MPa級鋼板の場合、図９（ｂ）に示すように、母材の硬度（例えば距離2.0mm参照）と、スポット溶接部１３（例えば距離-2.0mm参照）とは同程度の高硬度を示しているが、これらの境界部（距離0〜1.0mm）においては、他よりも低い値を示している。この境界部がＨＡＺ軟化部（図９（ｂ）中のＡ及びＡ´参照）である。
以上のように、鋼板の強度の違いによってスポット溶接部とその近傍の硬度分布が異なるため、どの部分を起点として亀裂が進展するかを本実施例で確認する。
As shown in FIG. 9A, in the case of a 590 MPa class steel plate, the hardness is higher in the spot welded portion 13 (for example, a distance of −2.0 mm) than the hardness of the base material (for example, the distance of 2.0 mm).
On the other hand, in the case of a 1490 MPa class steel plate, as shown in FIG. 9B, the hardness of the base metal (for example, refer to a distance of 2.0 mm) and the spot welded portion 13 (for example, refer to a distance of -2.0 mm) are high in hardness. However, at these boundary portions (distance 0 to 1.0 mm), values lower than the others are shown. This boundary portion is the HAZ softened portion (see A and A ′ in FIG. 9B).
As described above, since the hardness distribution in the spot welded portion and the vicinity thereof differs depending on the strength of the steel plate, it is confirmed in this embodiment which portion starts the crack.
以下に、試験内容について説明する。
鋼板の強度の違いによる影響を確認するために、強度の異なる鋼板を用いて試験片３を作成した。
なお、Ｌ字部材９は鋼板をせん断機にて切断してプレスブレーキでＲが5mmとなるように90度の曲げ成形を行って作成した（図１２参照）。
The test contents will be described below.
In order to confirm the influence due to the difference in strength of the steel plates, a test piece 3 was prepared using steel plates having different strengths.
The L-shaped member 9 was prepared by cutting a steel plate with a shearing machine and bending it with a press brake so that R was 5 mm (see FIG. 12).
試験片３は、図１０に示すように、長さを230mmとし、典型的な自動車部品を参考に、縦片部５の高さを25mm、スポット溶接ピッチを30mmとした。スポット溶接は、縦片部５の縁部から10mmの位置に施した。
なお、Ｌ字部材９と裏板１１の接合は、縦片部５と同様にスポット溶接により行った。
曲げ試験冶具１の各部材は、SS400を機械加工して作成した。固定部材１９の間隔を調整して支点間の距離（曲げスパン）を150mmとした。パンチ２３は下部断面が直径75mmの半円状の形状とした。軸２５には摩擦抵抗が発生しないように潤滑油を十分塗布した。
As shown in FIG. 10, the test piece 3 had a length of 230 mm, a reference to a typical automobile part, the height of the vertical piece 5 was 25 mm, and the spot welding pitch was 30 mm. Spot welding was performed at a position 10 mm from the edge of the vertical piece 5.
The L-shaped member 9 and the back plate 11 were joined by spot welding in the same manner as the vertical piece 5.
Each member of the bending test jig 1 was made by machining SS400. The distance between the fulcrums (bending span) was set to 150 mm by adjusting the distance between the fixing members 19. The punch 23 had a semicircular shape with a lower cross section of 75 mm in diameter. Lubricating oil was sufficiently applied to the shaft 25 so as not to generate frictional resistance.
上記の曲げ試験冶具１を市販の油圧方式の変形試験機２７に取り付けた後、試験片３を載置して、パンチ速度を10mm/minの一定速度として曲げ試験を行い、パンチ２３上部に設置したロードセルと変位計により、試験片３に付与される荷重とストロークの関係を測定した。 After the bending test jig 1 is mounted on a commercially available hydraulic deformation test machine 27, the test piece 3 is placed, a bending test is performed at a constant punching speed of 10 mm / min, and the bending test jig 1 is installed above the punch 23. The relationship between the load applied to the test piece 3 and the stroke was measured with the load cell and the displacement meter.
曲げ試験の結果について以下に説明する。
図１３及び図１４は試験中の試験片３の破断状況を示したものであり、図１３は590MPa級鋼板の場合について、図１４は1470MPa級鋼板の場合についてそれぞれ示している。
590MPa級鋼板の場合、図１３に示す通り、スポット溶接部１３の近傍にはＨＡＺ軟化部が存在していないため溶接部周囲で破断が発生せず、縦片部５の縁部（図１３（ｃ）中の破線の丸で囲んだ部分参照）から破断が開始した。
一方、1490MPa級鋼板の場合、図１４に示す通り、スポット溶接部１３の近傍にはＨＡＺ軟化部が存在しているため、ＨＡＺ軟化部に亀裂が発生し、そこを起点として亀裂が縦片部５に進展する結果となった（図１４（ｃ）中の破線の丸で囲んだ部分参照）。
The results of the bending test will be described below.
FIGS. 13 and 14 show the state of fracture of the test piece 3 during the test. FIG. 13 shows the case of a 590 MPa class steel plate, and FIG. 14 shows the case of a 1470 MPa class steel plate.
In the case of a 590 MPa class steel plate, as shown in FIG. 13, there is no HAZ softened portion in the vicinity of the spot welded portion 13, so no breakage occurs around the welded portion, and the edge of the vertical piece 5 (FIG. 13 ( The fracture started from c) (see the part surrounded by the broken-line circle).
On the other hand, in the case of a 1490 MPa class steel plate, as shown in FIG. 14, since the HAZ softened portion exists in the vicinity of the spot welded portion 13, a crack occurs in the HAZ softened portion, and the crack starts from the vertical piece portion. 5 (see a portion surrounded by a broken-line circle in FIG. 14C).
図１５及び図１６は、試験片３に付与される荷重とパンチ２３のストロークの関係を表すグラフであり、図１５は590MPa級鋼板の場合について、図１６は1470MPa級鋼板の場合についてそれぞれ示している。図１５及び図１６において、縦軸は荷重[kN]を表し、横軸はストローク[mm]を表している。
590MPa級鋼板の場合、図１５に示す通り、破断までのストロークは約24mmであったが、1470MPa級鋼板の場合、図１６に示す通り、約7.5mmで破断に至った。
15 and 16 are graphs showing the relationship between the load applied to the test piece 3 and the stroke of the punch 23. FIG. 15 shows the case of a 590 MPa class steel plate, and FIG. 16 shows the case of a 1470 MPa class steel plate. Yes. 15 and 16, the vertical axis represents the load [kN], and the horizontal axis represents the stroke [mm].
In the case of a 590 MPa class steel plate, the stroke to break was about 24 mm as shown in FIG. 15, but in the case of a 1470 MPa class steel plate, the break occurred at about 7.5 mm as shown in FIG.
以上のように、本実施例では、鋼板の強度の違いによってどの部分に亀裂が発生し、さらにどのように亀裂が進展するかを確認することができた。また、本実施例によれば、高強度鋼板（1470MPa級鋼板）の場合、実際の車体衝突時の破断現象と同様に、ＨＡＺ軟化部での亀裂発生及び材料への亀裂進展を再現可能であることが実証された。 As described above, in this example, it was possible to confirm in which part the crack occurred due to the difference in strength of the steel sheet and how the crack progressed. Further, according to this example, in the case of a high-strength steel plate (1470 MPa class steel plate), it is possible to reproduce the crack generation in the HAZ softened portion and the crack propagation to the material as in the case of the fracture phenomenon at the time of actual vehicle collision. It was proved.
１ 曲げ試験冶具
３ 試験片
５ 縦片部
７ 横片部
９ Ｌ字部材
１１ 裏板
１３ スポット溶接部
１５ 基台
１５ａ ボルト孔
１６ 支持体
１７ 支柱
１７ａ 軸孔
１９ 固定部材
１９ａ 貫通孔
２１ 試験片支持部材
２１ａ 試験片載置部
２１ｂ スリット
２３ パンチ
２５ 軸
２７ 変形試験機
２９ 鋼板（590MPa級鋼板）
３１ 鋼板（1470MPa級鋼板）
４１ 単純部材
４３ ハット型断面部品
４３ａ フランジ部
４５ 平板
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bending test jig 3 Test piece 5 Vertical piece part 7 Horizontal piece part 9 L-shaped member 11 Back plate 13 Spot weld part 15 Base 15a Bolt hole 16 Support body 17 Support | pillar 17a Shaft hole 19 Fixed member 19a Through-hole 21 Test piece support Member 21a Test piece mounting portion 21b Slit 23 Punch 25 Shaft 27 Deformation tester 29 Steel plate (590 MPa class steel plate)
31 Steel plate (1470MPa grade steel plate)
41 Simple member 43 Hat-shaped cross-section part 43a Flange part 45 Flat plate
Claims (1)
前記試験片は、長手方向直交断面がＬ字状の２枚の板材同士を、長手方向直交断面がＴ字状になるように配置してＴ字の縦片部に長手方向所定間隔で評価対象のスポット溶接を施し、かつＴ字の上面に両方の前記Ｌ字状の板材に跨るように裏板を接合してなる長手方向直交断面Ｔ字状をしてなり、
前記曲げ試験冶具は、一対の支持体と、各支持体に回動可能に取り付けられると共に前記試験片の横片部下面を回動中心軸と同一面に載置可能、かつ前記試験片のＴ字の縦片部が挿入可能なスリットを有する試験片支持部材と、前記試験片に当接する面が円弧状に形成されると共に変形試験機に固定されたパンチとを有してなり、
前記試験片の両端部におけるＴ字の縦片部を前記試験片支持部材のスリットに挿入すると共に前記試験片の横片部下面を前記試験片支持部材に載置して、前記一対の支持体間の中央となる裏板側から前記パンチによって荷重を付加して前記試験片に曲げ変形を与えて前記スポット溶接部及び／又はスポット溶接ＨＡＺ部及び／又は前記Ｔ字の縦片部の縁部に破断を生じさせ、付加した荷重と破断が生じたときの前記パンチのストロークによって前記スポット溶接の強度を評価することを特徴とするスポット溶接強度評価試験方法。 A method for evaluating spot welding strength by placing a test piece formed by spot welding a plate material on a bending test jig and applying a load to the test piece,
The test piece is an object to be evaluated at two predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the T-shaped vertical piece portion by arranging two sheets of L-shaped longitudinal cross-sections so that the longitudinal cross-section is T-shaped. And a longitudinal cross-section T-shaped formed by joining a back plate so as to straddle both L-shaped plate materials on the T-shaped upper surface,
The bending test jig is rotatably attached to a pair of supports and each support, and the lower surface of the horizontal piece portion of the test piece can be placed on the same plane as the rotation center axis. A test piece support member having a slit into which the vertical piece of the character can be inserted, and a punch that is formed in an arc shape and fixed to the deformation tester, and is in contact with the test piece,
The pair of supports is formed by inserting T-shaped vertical pieces at both ends of the test piece into the slits of the test piece support member and placing the lower surface of the horizontal piece portion of the test piece on the test piece support member. An edge of the spot welded portion and / or spot welded HAZ portion and / or the vertical piece portion of the T-shape by applying a load by the punch from the back plate side which is the center between them and applying bending deformation to the test piece The spot welding strength evaluation test method is characterized in that the strength of the spot welding is evaluated based on the applied load and the stroke of the punch when the fracture occurs.
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