JP6456509B2 - 双方向アクチュエータ - Google Patents
双方向アクチュエータ Download PDFInfo
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- JP6456509B2 JP6456509B2 JP2017539286A JP2017539286A JP6456509B2 JP 6456509 B2 JP6456509 B2 JP 6456509B2 JP 2017539286 A JP2017539286 A JP 2017539286A JP 2017539286 A JP2017539286 A JP 2017539286A JP 6456509 B2 JP6456509 B2 JP 6456509B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
- F03G7/065—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like using a shape memory element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
- F03G7/061—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element
- F03G7/0614—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element using shape memory elements
- F03G7/06143—Wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B26B19/00—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
- B26B19/28—Drive layout for hair clippers or dry shavers, e.g. providing for electromotive drive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/005—Electro-chemical actuators; Actuators having a material for absorbing or desorbing gas, e.g. a metal hydride; Actuators using the difference in osmotic pressure between fluids; Actuators with elements stretchable when contacted with liquid rich in ions, with UV light, with a salt solution
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/008—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for characterised by the actuating element
- F03G7/012—Electro-chemical actuators
- F03G7/0121—Electroactive polymers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V14/00—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements
- F21V14/06—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements by movement of refractors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/008—Combination of two or more successive refractors along an optical axis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/0004—Devices wherein the heating current flows through the material to be heated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
- H10N30/204—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using bending displacement, e.g. unimorph, bimorph or multimorph cantilever or membrane benders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
- H10N30/204—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using bending displacement, e.g. unimorph, bimorph or multimorph cantilever or membrane benders
- H10N30/2041—Beam type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
- H10N30/204—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using bending displacement, e.g. unimorph, bimorph or multimorph cantilever or membrane benders
- H10N30/2041—Beam type
- H10N30/2042—Cantilevers, i.e. having one fixed end
- H10N30/2043—Cantilevers, i.e. having one fixed end connected at their free ends, e.g. parallelogram type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/802—Circuitry or processes for operating piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices not otherwise provided for, e.g. drive circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/857—Macromolecular compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/738—Thermoformability
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2251/00—Material properties
- F05C2251/08—Shape memory
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2101/00—Point-like light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
Description
感熱性形状記憶層であって、前記形状記憶層は形状記憶合金を含み、前記合金は、第1の温度以下では第1の相で存在し、第2の温度以上では第2の相で存在し、第1の相から第2の相への転移が前記層を刺激して任意の第1の形状から第2の所定の形状に変化させる、感受性記憶層と、
両方が同じ形状に従うように前記形状記憶合金層に結合された電気活性ポリマー層であって、印加された電圧に応じて変形可能な電気活性ポリマー層と、
感熱性形状記憶層の温度を制御するための加熱手段とを有する。
1つまたは複数の境界壁を持つチャネルを有し、少なくとも1つの境界壁が、先行する請求項のいずれか1項に記載の1つまたは複数のアクチュエータを有する。
1つまたは複数の上述したビーム整形素子と、
チャネルの境界壁内に配置された1つまたは複数のソリッドステート照明素子とを有する。
加熱手段を用いて第1の層要素の温度を上昇させるステップであって、前記要素は形状記憶合金を含み、温度の前記上昇は前記合金を刺激して第1の温度における第1の形状から第2の温度における第2の所定の形状に遷移させる、ステップと、
第1の層要素の温度を第3の温度に低下させるステップと、
第2の層要素に電圧を印加するステップであって、第2の層要素は、第1の層要素と、2つの要素が同じ形状に従うように結合され、電気活性ポリマーを有し、前記電圧は前記ポリマーを刺激して前記第2の所定の形状から第3の形状に変形させ、第3の形状は前記電圧の大きさに依存するステップと、を有する。
形状記憶合金を含む第1層要素を、電気活性ポリマーを含む第2層要素に結合して、2つの要素が同じ形状に従うようにするステップと、
第1の層要素と熱的に連通するように加熱手段を提供するステップとを有する。
Claims (15)
- 感熱性形状記憶層であって、前記形状記憶層は形状記憶合金を含み、前記合金は、第1の温度以下では第1の相で存在し、第2の温度以上では第2の相で存在し、第1の相から第2の相への転移が前記層を刺激して任意の第1の形状から第2の所定の形状に変化させる、感熱性形状記憶層と、
両方が同じ形状に従うように前記形状記憶合金層に結合された電気活性ポリマー層であって、印加された電圧に応じて変形可能な電気活性ポリマー層と、
前記感熱性形状記憶層の温度を制御するための加熱手段と、
を有する双方向アクチュエータ。 - 前記加熱手段が、前記合金を通る電流を与えるための、前記形状記憶合金と電気的に連通した少なくとも2つの接触端子を有する、請求項1に記載のアクチュエータ。
- 前記加熱手段が、前記形状記憶合金と熱的に連通した加熱素子を有する、請求項1に記載のアクチュエータ。
- 前記感熱性形状記憶層が、形状記憶合金ワイヤが埋め込まれたポリマー材料の層を有する、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載のアクチュエータ。
- 1つまたは複数の境界壁を備えるチャネルを有し、少なくとも1つの前記境界壁が、1つまたは複数の請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のアクチュエータを有する、ビーム形成素子。
- 前記チャネルの一端に配置された1つまたは複数の光学素子を有する、請求項5に記載のビーム形成素子。
- 1つまたは複数の請求項5または請求項6に記載のビーム形成素子と、
前記チャネルの少なくとも1つの境界壁内に配置されたソリッドステート照明素子と、
を有する適応照明装置。 - 肌毛シェービング装置のための肌接触構造体であって、前記肌接触構造体は、前記シェービング装置による肌のシェービング中に前記肌の肌部分に接触するためのものであり、前記構造体は、前記肌接触構造体の少なくとも一部と前記肌部分との間の相対的な位置または向きを変更するための、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のアクチュエータを有する、肌接触構造体。
- 双方向作動方法であって、
加熱手段を用いて第1の層要素の温度を上昇させるステップであって、前記要素は形状記憶合金を有し、温度の前記上昇は前記合金を刺激して第1の温度における第1の形状から第2の温度における第2の所定の形状に遷移させる、ステップと、
第1の層要素の温度を第3の温度に低下させるステップと、
第2の層要素に電圧を印加するステップであって、第2の層要素は、第1の層要素と、2つの要素が同じ形状に従うように結合され、電気活性ポリマーを有し、前記電圧は前記ポリマーを刺激して第2の所定の形状から第3の形状に変形させ、第3の形状は前記電圧の大きさに依存するステップと、
を有する方法。 - 第3の形状が第1の形状と一致するような大きさの前記電圧が第2の層要素に印加される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 第1の層要素の形状遷移が作動力を与えるために用いられる、請求項9または請求項10に記載の方法。
- 第2の層要素の形状遷移が作動力を与えるために用いられる、請求項9から請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記加熱手段がジュール加熱プロセスを有し、電流が第1の層要素の少なくとも一部に流される、請求項9から請求項12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電圧が、第1の層要素を介して第2の層要素に印加され、第1の層要素が第2の層要素と電気的に連通する、請求項9から請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 双方向アクチュエータを製造する方法であって、
形状記憶合金を有する第1の層要素を、電気活性ポリマーを有する第2の層要素に、2つの層要素が同じ形状に従うように結合し、
第1の層要素と熱的に連通するように加熱手段を設ける、
製造方法。
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