JP6424637B2 - Failure prevention system for internal combustion engine, internal combustion engine and failure prevention method for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Failure prevention system for internal combustion engine, internal combustion engine and failure prevention method for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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JP6424637B2
JP6424637B2 JP2015004092A JP2015004092A JP6424637B2 JP 6424637 B2 JP6424637 B2 JP 6424637B2 JP 2015004092 A JP2015004092 A JP 2015004092A JP 2015004092 A JP2015004092 A JP 2015004092A JP 6424637 B2 JP6424637 B2 JP 6424637B2
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英樹 長田
英樹 長田
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Description

本発明は、内燃機関のシリンダ内に発生するオイル燃料に起因する異常燃焼を回避できて、内燃機関の故障を防止することができる内燃機関の故障防止システム、内燃機関及び内燃機関の故障防止方法に関する。   The present invention can prevent abnormal combustion caused by oil fuel generated in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, and can prevent a failure of the internal combustion engine, a failure prevention system for an internal combustion engine, an internal combustion engine and a failure prevention method for an internal combustion engine About.

ディーゼルエンジン等の内燃機関においては、燃料室内に噴射された燃料の一部が未燃のまま、ピストンと気筒（シリンダ）の間隙からクランク室内に漏出して、エンジンを潤滑するための潤滑油に混入し、混入した燃料で潤滑油が希釈されて、潤滑油の粘度が減少して潤滑油性能が低下し、ピストンなどの摺動面等に焼きつきが生じるというオイル希釈（オイルダイリューション）の問題がある。   In an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, part of the fuel injected into the fuel chamber remains unburned and leaks from the gap between the piston and cylinder into the crank chamber to use as lubricating oil for lubricating the engine. Oil mixed with the mixed fuel, the lubricating oil is diluted, the viscosity of the lubricating oil decreases, and the lubricating oil performance decreases, resulting in seizure of the sliding surface of the piston etc. Oil dilution (oil dilution) There is a problem with

特に、燃料噴射ノズル等の燃料噴射系の故障により、このオイル希釈が急激に進行すると、クランク室より下方のオイルパンの潤滑油の液面が上昇して、この液面の上昇により、クランクギア等により巻き上げられる潤滑油の量が増加して、ブローバイガスに潤滑油が混ざってしまう。その結果、オイルセパレータのオイル分離能力を超えた潤滑油を含んだブローバイガスが流れることになり、この分離されない多くの潤滑油がブローバイガス還流路（ＰＣＶ通路）を経由して吸気通路に流入してしまうので、潤滑油がエンジンの燃焼室内に流入してオイル燃焼が発生して異常燃焼し、エンジンが破損し故障する。   In particular, if this oil dilution progresses rapidly due to a failure of a fuel injection system such as a fuel injection nozzle, the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the oil pan below the crank chamber rises, and the crank gear is raised by this liquid level. The amount of lubricating oil to be wound up by the like increases, and the lubricating oil is mixed with the blowby gas. As a result, blowby gas containing lubricating oil exceeding the oil separation capacity of the oil separator flows, and a large amount of unseparated lubricating oil flows into the intake passage via the blowby gas return passage (PCV passage). As a result, lubricating oil flows into the combustion chamber of the engine and oil combustion occurs to cause abnormal combustion, resulting in damage and failure of the engine.

これに関連して、エンジンオイル中の燃料濃度が基準値より大きい場合に燃料供給系統の異常判定を停止することにより、ブローバイガスによって吸気通路に持ち込まれる燃料によってＯ2センサの出力がリッチになる場合を燃料供給系統の故障と誤って判定することを避けるための診断停止手段を備えたエンジンの自己診断装置が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Related to this, by stopping the abnormality determination of the fuel supply system when the fuel concentration in the engine oil is higher than the reference value, the fuel brought into the intake passage by the blowby gas makes the output of the O 2 sensor rich. There has been proposed an engine self-diagnosis apparatus provided with a diagnosis stopping means for avoiding an erroneous determination of a case as a failure of a fuel supply system (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

このエンジンの自己診断装置では、雰囲気中のＨＣガス濃度を測定する周知のＨＣガスセンサからなる燃料濃度センサを、ブローバイガスを吸気通路へ流入させる流入口近傍のブローバイガス通路に臨設して、この燃料濃度センサにより、ガソリンの濃度が高くなるほど雰囲気中のＨＣガス濃度が高くなる現象を利用して、エンジンオイル中のガソリン濃度を検出している。   In this engine self-diagnosis system, a fuel concentration sensor consisting of a well-known HC gas sensor for measuring the concentration of HC gas in the atmosphere is provided in a blowby gas passage near the inlet to make the blowby gas flow into the intake passage. The concentration sensor detects the gasoline concentration in the engine oil using the phenomenon that the concentration of HC gas in the atmosphere increases as the concentration of gasoline increases.

また、ガソリンのような燃料によるエンジンオイルの希釈度を、ブローバイガス中の炭化水素の濃度、クランクケース内の圧力、音速、赤外線吸収率、エンジンオイルの粘度、ＰＨ値、電気抵抗、静電容量等から検出し、その検出値が所定の許容希釈度を越えたときに、希釈度抑制手段を発動して、燃料の噴射時期、噴射圧力、冷却水温、オイルの温度点火時期、吸気弁の閉弁時期等を一時的に変更する制御を行って希釈度を低下させて機関の摺動部分の焼きつき等を防止するオイル希釈を抑制する手段を備えた内燃機関も提案されている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。   In addition, dilution of engine oil by fuel such as gasoline, concentration of hydrocarbons in blowby gas, pressure in crankcase, speed of sound, infrared absorption rate, viscosity of engine oil, PH value, electric resistance, capacitance Etc., and when the detected value exceeds a predetermined allowable dilution, the dilution degree suppression means is activated to close the fuel injection timing, injection pressure, coolant temperature, oil temperature ignition timing, intake valve closing, etc. There has also been proposed an internal combustion engine provided with means for suppressing oil dilution which performs control to temporarily change the valve timing etc. to reduce the dilution degree and thereby prevent seizure of the sliding parts of the engine (for example, Patent Document 2).

しかしながら、これらのオイル希釈は、エンジンの運転時間により徐々にオイル希釈が進行していく現象には対応できるが、燃料噴射ノズル等の燃料噴射系の故障により突発的に急激なオイル希釈が発生してエンジン故障に至る現象に対しては対応できないという問題がある。   However, although these oil dilutions can cope with the phenomenon in which oil dilution progresses gradually with engine operation time, sudden oil dilution occurs suddenly due to failure of the fuel injection system such as the fuel injection nozzle. There is a problem that it can not cope with the phenomenon leading to engine failure.

特開平０６−２４１０９３号公報Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 06-241093 特開平１０−３１７９３６号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-317936

本発明者は、燃料噴射系の故障により突発的かつ急激なオイル希釈が発生してからエンジン故障に至る時間が、数秒という短時間であり、即座に適切な対応をしないとエンジンが故障してしまうとの知見と、このような急激なオイル希釈では、エンジンが故障する数秒前に、ブローバイガス中の炭化水素の濃度やブローバイガスが吸気に合流した後の吸気系通路における炭化水素の濃度が急上昇する現象が発生するとの知見を得た。また、これらを考慮した結果、この炭化水素の濃度の急上昇を検知して、エンジンを即時に停止すれば、エンジンの故障を防止することができるとの知見を得た。   The inventor found that the time required for an engine failure to occur after a sudden and sudden oil dilution occurs due to a failure in the fuel injection system is as short as a few seconds, and if the engine does not respond appropriately, the engine will fail. It is found that such sudden oil dilution causes the concentration of hydrocarbons in the blowby gas and the concentration of hydrocarbons in the intake system passage after the blowby gas joins the intake several seconds before the engine fails. It was found that a sudden rise phenomenon occurred. In addition, as a result of taking these into consideration, it has been found that if a sudden rise in the concentration of hydrocarbon is detected and the engine is immediately stopped, engine failure can be prevented.

本発明は、上記のことを鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、燃料噴射系の故障等により燃料がクランク室内に漏出した際に、燃料の潤滑油の希釈による潤滑油の量の急激な増加によって、ブローバイガス経由で吸気に潤滑油が混合して発生する燃焼室内の異常燃焼を回避できてエンジンの故障を防止できる内燃機関の故障防止システム、内燃機関及び内燃機関の故障防止方法を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above, and it is an object of the present invention to sharply reduce the amount of lubricating oil due to dilution of the lubricating oil when the fuel leaks into the crank chamber due to a failure of the fuel injection system or the like. The internal combustion engine failure prevention system, the internal combustion engine and the internal combustion engine failure prevention method, which can prevent abnormal combustion in the combustion chamber which can be generated by mixing lubricating oil into intake air via blowby gas and thereby preventing engine failure. It is to provide.

上記の目的を達成するための本発明の内燃機関の故障防止システムは、クランク室内のブローバイガスを吸気通路に還流するブローバイガス還流路を備えた内燃機関の故障防止システムにおいて、燃焼室内に流入する吸気中に含まれる炭化水素の濃度を検出する炭化水素濃度検出手段を設け、当該故障防止システムを制御する制御装置が、前記炭化水素濃度検出手段で検出した炭化水素の濃度が予め設定した判定用濃度閾値以上となったとき、若しくは、炭化水素の濃度の増加率が予め設定した判定用増加率閾値以上となったときに、前記内燃機関の運転を停止する制御を行うように構成される。   The failure prevention system for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a failure prevention system for an internal combustion engine having a blowby gas return path for returning blowby gas in a crank chamber to an intake passage. A hydrocarbon concentration detection means for detecting the concentration of hydrocarbons contained in the intake air is provided, and a control device for controlling the failure prevention system determines the concentration of hydrocarbons detected by the hydrocarbon concentration detection means in advance. When the concentration threshold value or more is reached, or when the increase rate of the concentration of hydrocarbons becomes equal to or more than a predetermined increase rate threshold for determination, control is performed to stop the operation of the internal combustion engine.

この構成によれば、炭化水素濃度検出手段で検出した炭化水素の濃度が、急上昇することを検知したときに、エンジンを即時に停止するので、燃料によって希釈された潤滑油が燃焼室に流入して異常燃焼を起こしてエンジンが故障する前にエンジンを停止することができるので、燃焼室における異常燃焼（オイル燃焼）を回避でき、エンジンの故障を防止することができる。   According to this configuration, when it is detected that the concentration of hydrocarbon detected by the hydrocarbon concentration detecting means rises rapidly, the engine is immediately stopped, so that the lubricating oil diluted by the fuel flows into the combustion chamber. Since the engine can be stopped before the engine fails due to abnormal combustion, abnormal combustion (oil combustion) in the combustion chamber can be avoided, and failure of the engine can be prevented.

また、上記の内燃機関の故障防止システムにおいて、前記炭化水素濃度検出手段を、前記ブローバイガス還流路、シリンダヘッドカバーの内部、前記吸気通路、又は、排気通路の何れかの通路に設けた、ガスに含まれる炭化水素の濃度を検出する炭化水素ガス濃度センサで構成すると、急激な炭化水素濃度の上昇を即座に検知することができるので、燃料系の故障発生からエンジン停止までの時間を短縮できる。なお、炭化水素濃度検出手段は必ずしもガスに含まれる炭化水素の濃度を検出する炭化水素ガス濃度センサのみである必要はなく、酸素濃度などから炭化水素の濃度変化を推測することもできるので、λセンサ（空燃比センサ）等で代用することも可能である。   Further, in the failure prevention system for an internal combustion engine described above, the hydrocarbon concentration detection means is provided for the blowby gas return passage, the inside of the cylinder head cover, the intake passage, or the exhaust passage. If a hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor is used to detect the concentration of contained hydrocarbons, a rapid increase in hydrocarbon concentration can be detected immediately, so the time from the occurrence of a fuel system failure to the stop of the engine can be shortened. The hydrocarbon concentration detection means does not necessarily have to be only a hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor that detects the concentration of hydrocarbons contained in the gas, and a change in concentration of hydrocarbons can also be inferred from oxygen concentration etc. It is also possible to substitute by a sensor (air-fuel ratio sensor) or the like.

また、上記の目的を達成するための本発明の内燃機関は、上記の内燃機関の故障防止システムを備えた内燃機関であり、上記の内燃機関の故障防止システムと同様の作用効果を奏することができる。   Further, an internal combustion engine according to the present invention for achieving the above object is an internal combustion engine provided with the above-described failure prevention system for an internal combustion engine, and it is possible to exhibit the same function and effect as the above failure prevention system for an internal combustion engine it can.

そして、上記の目的を達成するための本発明の内燃機関の故障防止方法は、クランク室内のブローバイガスを吸気通路に還流するブローバイガス還流路を備えた内燃機関の故障防止方法において、燃焼室内に流入する吸気中に含まれる炭化水素の濃度が予め設定した判定用濃度閾値以上となったとき、若しくは、炭化水素の濃度の増加率が予め設定した判定用増加率閾値以上となったときに、前記内燃機関の運転を停止することを特徴とする方法である。   A method of preventing failure of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a method of preventing failure of an internal combustion engine having a blowby gas return path for returning blowby gas in a crank chamber to an intake passage. When the concentration of hydrocarbons contained in the inflowing intake air is equal to or higher than the predetermined concentration threshold for judgment, or when the rate of increase of the concentration of hydrocarbons is equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold for increase rate of judgment The method is characterized in that the operation of the internal combustion engine is stopped.

また、上記の内燃機関の故障防止方法において、炭化水素の濃度を、前記ブローバイガス還流路、シリンダヘッドカバーの内部、前記吸気通路、又は、排気通路の何れかの通路に設けた、ガスに含まれる炭化水素の濃度を検出する炭化水素ガス濃度センサで検出する。   In the failure prevention method for an internal combustion engine described above, the concentration of hydrocarbon is included in the gas provided in the blowby gas return passage, the inside of the cylinder head cover, the intake passage, or the exhaust passage. The concentration of hydrocarbons is detected by a hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor.

これらの構成によれば、上記の内燃機関の故障防止システムと同様の作用効果を奏することができる。   According to these configurations, the same function and effect as those of the internal combustion engine failure prevention system can be obtained.

本発明の内燃機関の故障防止システム、内燃機関及び内燃機関の故障防止方法によれば、炭化水素濃度検出手段で検出した炭化水素の濃度が、急上昇することを検知したときに、エンジンを即時に停止するので、燃料によって希釈された潤滑油が燃焼室に流入して異常燃焼を起こしてエンジンが故障する前にエンジンを停止することができるので、燃焼室における異常燃焼（オイル燃焼）を回避でき、エンジンの故障を防止することができる。   According to the failure prevention system for an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine and the failure prevention method for an internal combustion engine of the present invention, when it is detected that the concentration of hydrocarbons detected by the hydrocarbon concentration detection means suddenly increases, Since the engine can be stopped before lubricating oil diluted by fuel flows into the combustion chamber and causes abnormal combustion and the engine breaks down because it stops, abnormal combustion (oil combustion) in the combustion chamber can be avoided. , Can prevent engine failure.

本発明に係る実施の形態の内燃機関の故障防止システムを備えた内燃機関の構成を模式的に示す図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the internal combustion engine provided with the failure prevention system of the internal combustion engine of embodiment which concerns on this invention.

以下、本発明に係る実施の形態の内燃機関の故障防止システム、内燃機関及び内燃機関の故障防止方法について図面を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, a failure prevention system for an internal combustion engine, an internal combustion engine, and a failure prevention method for an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１に示すように、本発明に係る実施の形態のエンジン（内燃機関）１は、本発明に係る実施の形態の内燃機関の故障防止システム２を備えて構成され、エンジン本体１０と吸気通路１２と排気通路１３を備えており、さらに、ターボ式過給システムのターボチャージャ（ターボ式過給器）１５と、排気通路１３を通過する排気ガスＧの一部をＥＧＲガスＧｅとして、ＥＧＲ通路１４を経由して吸気通路１２に還流させるＥＧＲシステムを備えている。   As shown in FIG. 1, an engine (internal combustion engine) 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the failure prevention system 2 for an internal combustion engine according to the embodiment of the present invention. 12, an exhaust passage 13 is provided, and further, a turbocharger (turbine supercharger) 15 of a turbo type supercharging system and a part of exhaust gas G passing through the exhaust passage 13 as an EGR gas Ge, the EGR passage An EGR system is provided to recirculate to the intake passage 12 via 14.

吸気通路１２は、吸気マニホールド１１ａに接続され、上流側より順に、空気流量（ＭＡＦ）センサ（図示しない）、ターボチャージャ１５のコンプレッサ１５ｂ、インタークーラー１６が設けられている。また、排気通路１３は、排気マニホールド１１ｂに接続し、上流側より順に、ターボチャージャ１５のタービン１５ａ、排気ガス浄化処理装置（図示しない）が設けられている。そして、ＥＧＲ通路１４は、タービン１５ａの上流側の排気通路１３とインタークーラー１６の下流側の吸気通路１２とを接続して設けられ、上流側より順に、ＥＧＲクーラー１７、ＥＧＲバルブ１８が設けられている。また、エンジン本体１０のクランク室１０ａ内のブローバイガスＧｂを吸気通路１２に還流するブローバイガス還流路２０が設けられている。   The intake passage 12 is connected to an intake manifold 11a, and an air flow (MAF) sensor (not shown), a compressor 15b of the turbocharger 15, and an intercooler 16 are provided in this order from the upstream side. The exhaust passage 13 is connected to the exhaust manifold 11b, and a turbine 15a of the turbocharger 15 and an exhaust gas purification treatment device (not shown) are provided in this order from the upstream side. The EGR passage 14 is provided by connecting the exhaust passage 13 on the upstream side of the turbine 15a and the intake passage 12 on the downstream side of the intercooler 16, and the EGR cooler 17 and the EGR valve 18 are provided sequentially from the upstream side. There is. Further, a blowby gas return passage 20 for returning the blowby gas Gb in the crank chamber 10 a of the engine body 10 to the intake passage 12 is provided.

そして、大気から導入される新気Ａが、必要に応じて、ＥＧＲ通路１４から吸気通路１２に流入するＥＧＲガスＧｅを伴って、吸気マニホールド１１ａに送られて、気筒（シリンダ）内の燃焼室に燃料噴射装置（図示しない）より噴射された燃料と混合圧縮されて、燃料が燃焼することで、エンジン１に動力が発生する。そして、この燃焼により発生した排気ガスＧが、排気通路１３に流出し、その一部はＥＧＲ通路１４にＥＧＲガスＧｅとして流れ、残りの排気ガスＧａ（＝Ｇ−Ｇｅ）は、タービン１５ａを経由して、排気ガス浄化処理装置により浄化処理された後、マフラー（図示しない）を経由して大気へ放出される。   Then, fresh air A introduced from the atmosphere is sent to the intake manifold 11a along with the EGR gas Ge flowing into the intake passage 12 from the EGR passage 14 as necessary, and the combustion chamber in the cylinder is produced. The fuel is mixed and compressed with the fuel injected from a fuel injection device (not shown), and the fuel is burned to generate power in the engine 1. Then, the exhaust gas G generated by this combustion flows out into the exhaust passage 13, a part of which flows into the EGR passage 14 as the EGR gas Ge, and the remaining exhaust gas Ga (= G-Ge) passes through the turbine 15a. After being purified by the exhaust gas purification treatment device, the exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere via a muffler (not shown).

そして、本発明においては、エンジン本体１０の燃焼室内に流入する吸気（Ａ＋Ｇｂ＋Ｇｅ）中に含まれる炭化水素（ＨＣ）の濃度を検出する炭化水素濃度検出手段を設ける。この炭化水素濃度検出手段は、ガス中の炭化水素の濃度Ｄを検出する炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０を用いることができるが、必ずしもガスに含まれる炭化水素の濃度Ｄを検出する炭化水素ガス濃度センサである必要はなく、ガス中の酸素濃度の変化などからも炭化水素の濃度変化を推測することができるので、λセンサ（空燃比センサ）等で代用することも可能である。   In the present invention, a hydrocarbon concentration detection means is provided for detecting the concentration of hydrocarbons (HC) contained in the intake air (A + Gb + Ge) flowing into the combustion chamber of the engine body 10. Although this hydrocarbon concentration detection means can use the hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30 for detecting the concentration D of hydrocarbon in the gas, the hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor for detecting the concentration D of hydrocarbon contained in the gas is not necessarily required. The concentration change of the hydrocarbon can be estimated from the change of the oxygen concentration in the gas, etc., so that it is possible to use a λ sensor (air-fuel ratio sensor) or the like instead.

図１の構成では、ブローバイガス還流路２０に、この通路を通過するガスに含まれる炭化水素の濃度（ＨＣガス濃度）Ｄを検出する炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０を設けている。このブローバイガス還流路２０は、新気Ａと混合する前のブローバイガスＧｂが流れる通路であるので、炭化水素の濃度Ｄも高く容易に検出し易い。   In the configuration of FIG. 1, the blowby gas reflux passage 20 is provided with a hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30 that detects the concentration (HC gas concentration) D of the hydrocarbon contained in the gas passing through the passage. The blowby gas reflux passage 20 is a passage through which the blowby gas Gb flows before it is mixed with the fresh air A. Therefore, the concentration D of hydrocarbon is also high and easily detected.

また、シリンダヘッドカバーの内部、即ち、クランク室１０ａの上部に設けると、通常時は、炭化水素が殆どない状態であるので、潤滑油中の炭化水素が多くなると、巻き上げられた炭化水素がクランク室１０ａの上部のガスに混合するので、炭化水素の濃度Ｄの増加を容易に検出できる。また、炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０の設置場所も確保し易い。   Further, when provided inside the cylinder head cover, that is, at the upper part of the crank chamber 10a, normally there is almost no hydrocarbon, so when the amount of hydrocarbons in the lubricating oil is large, the rolled up hydrocarbon is in the crank chamber As it mixes with the gas at the top of 10a, an increase in the hydrocarbon concentration D can be easily detected. In addition, the installation place of the hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30 can be easily secured.

また、吸気通路１２に炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０を設けると、新気ＡとブローバイガスＧｂとＥＧＲガスＧｅが混合した後のガスの濃度を検出することになるが、炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０をブローバイガス還流路２０に設ける場合よりも、炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０がブローバイガスＧｂ中のオイルミストで汚れる可能性が低くなる。   In addition, when the hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30 is provided in the intake passage 12, the concentration of the gas after the fresh air A, the blowby gas Gb, and the EGR gas Ge are mixed is detected. The hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30 is less likely to be contaminated with the oil mist in the blowby gas Gb than in the case where the blowby gas reflux path 20 is provided.

また、排気通路１３に炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０を設けると、燃焼室で燃焼しきれなかった炭化水素を検出することになるが、炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０の代わりに、気筒内への燃料噴射の制御に用いるλセンサ（空気過剰率センサ）や酸素濃度も計測できるＮＯｘセンサ等を使用することができ、新たに、炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０を設ける必要がない。   In addition, when the hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30 is provided in the exhaust passage 13, hydrocarbons that can not be burned in the combustion chamber are detected. However, instead of the hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30, fuel injection into the cylinder is performed. It is possible to use a λ sensor (excess air ratio sensor) used for control of the above, a NOx sensor capable of measuring the oxygen concentration, etc., and it is not necessary to newly provide the hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30.

なお、潤滑油中の炭化水素の濃度を液体状態で測定したり、潤滑油の液量を測定したりして炭化水素の混合量を推定することは、エンジン１が運転を停止していれば、可能であるが、エンジン１の運転中は、オイルパン内の潤滑油は巻き上がられている最中であるので、これらの測定は事実上不可能である。従って、ガスに含まれる炭化水素の濃度Ｄを検出する炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０で構成することが好ましく、この構成により、急激な炭化水素の濃度Ｄの上昇を即座に検知することができるので、燃料系の故障発生からエンジン停止までの時間を短縮でき、確実にエンジン１を保護できるようになる。   It should be noted that if the engine 1 has stopped operating, the concentration of hydrocarbons in the lubricating oil can be measured in the liquid state, or the amount of the lubricating oil can be measured to estimate the amount of mixed hydrocarbons. Although possible, since the lubricating oil in the oil pan is being rolled up during the operation of the engine 1, these measurements are virtually impossible. Therefore, it is preferable to constitute the hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30 for detecting the concentration D of hydrocarbon contained in the gas, and since this configuration makes it possible to immediately detect an abrupt increase in the concentration D of hydrocarbon, The time from the occurrence of a fuel system failure to the stop of the engine can be shortened, and the engine 1 can be surely protected.

そして、さらに、この内燃機関の故障防止システム２を制御する制御装置４０が設けられるが、この制御装置４０は、通常は、エンジン１の運転状態全般を制御するエンジンコントロールユニット（ＥＣＵ）に組み込まれるが、独立して設けてもよい。   Further, a control device 40 for controlling the failure prevention system 2 for the internal combustion engine is further provided. Usually, the control device 40 is incorporated in an engine control unit (ECU) for controlling the overall operating condition of the engine 1. However, they may be provided independently.

そして、本発明においては、この故障防止システム２を制御する制御装置４０が、炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０で検出した炭化水素の濃度Ｄが予め設定した判定用濃度閾値Ｄ１以上となったとき、若しくは、炭化水素の濃度Ｄの増加率ΔＤが予め設定した判定用増加率閾値ΔＤ１以上となったときに、エンジン１の運転を停止する制御を行うように構成される。   In the present invention, when the control device 40 for controlling the failure prevention system 2 detects the concentration D of hydrocarbon detected by the hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30 becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined concentration threshold D1 for determination, or When the increase rate ΔD of the concentration D of hydrocarbons becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined increase rate threshold ΔD1 for determination, control is performed to stop the operation of the engine 1.

この判定用濃度閾値Ｄ１と判定用増加率閾値ΔＤ１は、これらの値を超えると、エンジン１が直後に故障に至る危険性が高い値であり、予め実験などにより設定される値である。   When the determination concentration threshold D1 and the determination increase rate threshold ΔD1 exceed these values, the risk of the engine 1 immediately following a failure is high, and is a value set in advance by experiment or the like.

次に、本発明の実施の形態の内燃機関の故障防止方法について説明する。この方法は、クランク室１０ａ内のブローバイガスＧｂを吸気通路１２に還流するブローバイガス還流路２０を備えた内燃機関の故障防止方法であり、この方法において、燃焼室内に流入する吸気（Ａ＋Ｇｂ＋Ｇｅ）中に含まれる炭化水素の濃度Ｄが予め設定した判定用濃度閾値Ｄ１以上となったとき、若しくは、炭化水素の濃度Ｄの増加率ΔＤが予め設定した判定用増加率閾値ΔＤ１以上となったときに、エンジン１の運転を停止する方法である。   Next, the failure prevention method for the internal combustion engine according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. This method is a method for preventing failure of an internal combustion engine provided with a blowby gas return passage 20 for returning blowby gas Gb in the crank chamber 10a to the intake passage 12. In this method, during intake (A + Gb + Ge) flowing into the combustion chamber When the concentration D of hydrocarbon contained in is equal to or greater than the predetermined determination threshold D1, or when the increase rate ΔD of the concentration D of hydrocarbon is equal to or greater than the predetermined increase rate threshold ΔD1. , And a method of stopping the operation of the engine 1.

また、この内燃機関の故障防止方法において、炭化水素の濃度Ｄを、ブローバイガス還流路２０、シリンダヘッドカバーの内部、吸気通路１２、又は、排気通路１３の何れかの通路に設けた、ガスに含まれる炭化水素の濃度Ｄを検出する炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０で検出する方法である。   Further, in this failure prevention method for an internal combustion engine, the concentration D of hydrocarbon is included in the gas provided in the blowby gas reflux passage 20, the inside of the cylinder head cover, the intake passage 12 or the exhaust passage 13. It is a method of detecting with the hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30 which detects the concentration D of the hydrocarbon to be obtained.

よれば、炭化水素ガス濃度センサ３０で検出した炭化水素の濃度Ｄが、急上昇することを検知したときに、エンジン１を即時に停止するので、燃料によって希釈された潤滑油が燃焼室に流入して異常燃焼を起こしてエンジン１が故障する前にエンジン１を停止することができるので、燃焼室における異常燃焼（オイル燃焼）を回避でき、エンジン１の故障を防止することができる。   According to this, when it is detected that the concentration D of the hydrocarbon detected by the hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor 30 rises rapidly, the engine 1 is immediately stopped, so that the lubricating oil diluted by the fuel flows into the combustion chamber Since the engine 1 can be stopped before abnormal combustion occurs and the engine 1 breaks down, abnormal combustion (oil combustion) in the combustion chamber can be avoided, and failure of the engine 1 can be prevented.

なお、エンジン１を停止したときは、燃料噴射系の故障を検知してエンジン１を停止したことを、運転席に設けたランプやディスプレイや音声メッセージ等により、このエンジン１を搭載した車両のドライバに通知することが好ましく、また、修理業者によるエンジン１のメンテナンスが完了するまで、エンジン１を再始動できないようにすることが好ましい。   When the engine 1 is stopped, a driver of a vehicle equipped with the engine 1 is detected by detecting a malfunction of the fuel injection system and stopping the engine 1 by using a lamp, a display, a voice message, etc. provided at the driver's seat. Preferably, the engine 1 can not be restarted until the maintenance of the engine 1 by the repairer is completed.

１ エンジン（内燃機関）
２ 内燃機関の故障防止システム
１０ エンジン本体
１０ａ クランク室
１２ 吸気通路
１３ 排気通路
２０ ブローバイガス還流路
３０ 炭化水素ガス濃度センサ（炭化水素濃度検出装置）
４０ 制御装置
Ａ 新気
Ａ＋Ｇｅ＋Ｇｂ 吸気
Ｇ 発生した排気ガス
Ｇａ ターボチャージャのタービンに流入する排気ガス（Ｇ−Ｇｅ）
Ｇｂ ブローバイガス
Ｇｅ ＥＧＲガス 1 Engine (internal combustion engine)
2 Failure prevention system for internal combustion engine 10 Engine main body 10a crank chamber 12 intake passage 13 exhaust passage 20 blow-by gas return passage 30 hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor (hydrocarbon concentration detection device)
40 Control device A Fresh air A + Ge + Gb Intake gas generated Exhaust gas Ga Exhaust gas (G-Ge) flowing into the turbine of the turbocharger
Gb blowby gas Ge EGR gas

Claims (5)

クランク室内のブローバイガスを吸気通路に還流するブローバイガス還流路を備えた内燃機関の故障防止システムにおいて、
燃焼室内に流入する吸気中に含まれる炭化水素の濃度を検出する炭化水素濃度検出手段を設け、
当該故障防止システムを制御する制御装置が、
前記炭化水素濃度検出手段で検出した炭化水素の濃度が予め設定した判定用濃度閾値以上となったとき、若しくは、炭化水素の濃度の増加率が予め設定した判定用増加率閾値以上となったときに、前記内燃機関の運転を停止する制御を行うように構成されたことを特徴とする内燃機関の故障防止システム。 In a failure prevention system of an internal combustion engine provided with a blowby gas return path for returning blowby gas in a crank chamber to an intake passage,
A hydrocarbon concentration detection means for detecting the concentration of hydrocarbons contained in the intake air flowing into the combustion chamber;
The control device that controls the failure prevention system is
When the concentration of hydrocarbon detected by the hydrocarbon concentration detection means becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined concentration threshold for judgment, or when the rate of increase of concentration of hydrocarbon becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold for increase rate The failure prevention system for an internal combustion engine is configured to perform control to stop the operation of the internal combustion engine. 前記炭化水素濃度検出手段を、前記ブローバイガス還流路、シリンダヘッドカバーの内部、前記吸気通路、又は、排気通路の何れかの通路に設けた、ガスに含まれる炭化水素の濃度を検出する炭化水素ガス濃度センサで構成した請求項１に記載の内燃機関の故障防止システム。   A hydrocarbon gas for detecting the concentration of hydrocarbons contained in the gas, wherein the hydrocarbon concentration detection means is provided in any one of the blowby gas reflux passage, the inside of the cylinder head cover, the intake passage, or the exhaust passage. The failure prevention system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, comprising a concentration sensor. 請求項１又は２に記載の内燃機関の故障防止システムを備えた内燃機関。   An internal combustion engine comprising the failure prevention system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2. クランク室内のブローバイガスを吸気通路に還流するブローバイガス還流路を備えた内燃機関の故障防止方法において、
燃焼室内に流入する吸気中に含まれる炭化水素の濃度が予め設定した判定用濃度閾値以上となったとき、若しくは、炭化水素の濃度の増加率が予め設定した判定用増加率閾値以上となったときに、前記内燃機関の運転を停止することを特徴とする内燃機関の故障防止方法。 In a failure prevention method of an internal combustion engine provided with a blowby gas return path for returning blowby gas in a crank chamber to an intake passage,
When the concentration of hydrocarbons contained in the intake air flowing into the combustion chamber becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined concentration threshold for judgment, or the increase rate of the concentration of hydrocarbons becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold for increase judgment When the operation of the internal combustion engine is stopped, the failure prevention method of the internal combustion engine. 炭化水素の濃度を、前記ブローバイガス還流路、シリンダヘッドカバーの内部、前記吸気通路、又は、排気通路の何れかの通路に設けた、ガスに含まれる炭化水素の濃度を検出する炭化水素ガス濃度センサで検出する請求項４に記載の内燃機関の故障防止方法。   A hydrocarbon gas concentration sensor for detecting the concentration of hydrocarbons contained in the gas, provided in any one of the blowby gas return path, the inside of the cylinder head cover, the intake path, or the exhaust path for the concentration of hydrocarbons The failure prevention method for an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, which is detected by
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