JP6363836B2 - 発光素子 - Google Patents
発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6363836B2 JP6363836B2 JP2013262501A JP2013262501A JP6363836B2 JP 6363836 B2 JP6363836 B2 JP 6363836B2 JP 2013262501 A JP2013262501 A JP 2013262501A JP 2013262501 A JP2013262501 A JP 2013262501A JP 6363836 B2 JP6363836 B2 JP 6363836B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- light
- emitting element
- layer
- light emitting
- electrode
- Prior art date
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- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 81
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000002042 time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- AEJARLYXNFRVLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,3-triazole Chemical group C1C=NN=N1 AEJARLYXNFRVLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 398
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 93
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 75
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 73
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 62
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 60
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 46
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 46
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 44
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 40
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 38
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 31
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 31
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- YAFWREOXXLJOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine Chemical compound C1CCCN2C1=NN=C2C1=CC=CC=C1 YAFWREOXXLJOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- SPDPTFAJSFKAMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n-[4-[4-(n-[4-(3-methyl-n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]anilino)phenyl]phenyl]-4-n,4-n-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 SPDPTFAJSFKAMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 125000004853 tetrahydropyridinyl group Chemical group N1(CCCC=C1)* 0.000 description 6
- DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CN=C21 DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 5
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- XOYZGLGJSAZOAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,4-n-triphenyl-4-n-[4-[4-(n-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]anilino)phenyl]phenyl]benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XOYZGLGJSAZOAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n-diphenyl-4-n,4-n-bis[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(F)C1=C(C#N)C#N IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 3
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHXOHPVVEHBKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-4-[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical group C=1C=C(C=2C=CC(C=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C=CC=1C=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UHXOHPVVEHBKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical group C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-[3-[5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2OC(=NN=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)O1 FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMBOHMLKCZFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-N,6-N,9-triphenyl-3-N,6-N-bis(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)carbazole-3,6-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3=CC(=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=2)C3=C1 TVMBOHMLKCZFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(3-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=CC=C1 MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004530 SIMS 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] Chemical compound [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis[(2-methylquinolin-8-yl)oxy]-(4-phenylphenoxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC([O-])=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N coronene Chemical compound C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C4C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C2C3=C1 VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfide Chemical compound CCSCC LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005274 electronic transitions Effects 0.000 description 2
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- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIIYLLUYRFRKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrathianaphthacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3SSC(C4=CC=CC=C44)=C3C3=C4SSC3=C21 JIIYLLUYRFRKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005011 time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B tin(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[Sn+4].[Sn+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroerbium Chemical compound F[Er](F)F QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004704 ultra performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYQCBJZGELKKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zn+2].[O-2].[In+3] OYQCBJZGELKKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWDUZCIBPDVBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3h-1,3-benzothiazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)SC2=CC=CC=C2N1.OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)SC2=CC=CC=C2N1 GWDUZCIBPDVBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01J1/54—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted, or stored; Luminescent coatings on vessels
- H01J1/62—Luminescent screens; Selection of materials for luminescent coatings on vessels
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Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子について説明する。
まず、下記一般式(G0)で表される5−アリール−4H−1,2,4−トリアゾール誘導体の合成法の一例について説明する。
一般式(G1)で表される本発明の一態様である有機金属錯体は、下記合成スキーム(b)により合成することができる。すなわち、一般式(G0)で表される5−アリール−4H−1,2,4−トリアゾール誘導体と、ハロゲンを含むイリジウム化合物(塩化イリジウム、臭化イリジウム、ヨウ化イリジウムなど)、またはイリジウムの有機金属錯体化合物(アセチルアセトナト錯体、ジエチルスルフィド錯体等)とを混合した後、加熱することにより、一般式(G1)で表される構造を有する有機金属錯体を得ることができる。また、この加熱プロセスは、一般式(G0)で表される5−アリール−4H−1,2,4−トリアゾール誘導体と、ハロゲンを含むイリジウム化合物、またはイリジウムの有機金属錯体化合物とをアルコール系溶媒(グリセロール、エチレングリコール、2−メトキシエタノール、2−エトキシエタノール等)に溶解した後に行ってもよい。加熱手段として特に限定はなく、オイルバス、サンドバス、又はアルミブロックを用いてもよい。また、マイクロ波を加熱手段として用いることも可能である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様として、実施の形態1で一般式(G1)として提示したりん光性有機金属イリジウム錯体に加え、他の2種類以上の有機化合物を発光層に用いた発光素子について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様として、電荷発生層を挟んでEL層を複数有する構造の発光素子(以下、タンデム型発光素子という)について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様であるりん光発光素子を用いた発光装置として、実施の形態1で示した有機金属錯体を用いた発光装置について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である有機金属錯体を発光層に用いた発光素子を有する発光装置について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光素子を適用して作製された発光装置を用いて完成させた様々な電子機器の一例について、図6を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である有機金属錯体を含む発光装置を適用した照明装置の一例について、図7を用いて説明する。
本発明の一態様である有機金属錯体を含む発光素子は、自動車のフロントガラスやダッシュボードにも搭載することができる。図8に、本発明の一態様である発光素子を自動車のフロントガラスやダッシュボードに用いる一態様を示す。表示5000乃至表示5005は本発明の一態様である発光素子を用いて設けられた表示である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光素子を用いて作製される発光装置について、図18を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光素子を適用して作製された発光装置について図19を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光素子を適用して作製された照明装置について図20を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態においては、本発明の一態様の発光装置と組み合わせることができるタッチセンサ、及びモジュールについて、図21乃至図24を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光素子の構造について、図25を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、発光素子の発光層において、用いることができる材料の一例について示す。
本実施例では、実施の形態1に記載の有機金属錯体である、トリス(3−フェニル−5,6,7,8−テトラヒドロ−4H−1,2,4−トリアゾロ[4,3−a]ピリジナト)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(ptzpytH)3])の合成例を具体的に例示する。なお、[Ir(ptzpytH)3](略称)の構造式を以下に示す。
300mL三ツ口フラスコにベンゾイルヒドラジン6.0gとキシレン100mLを加えた。この混合物にO−メチルバレロラクタム5.0gを加え、窒素気流下、140℃で3時間加熱還流した。還流後、反応溶液を濃縮して固体を得た。得られた固体に酢酸エチルを少量加え、吸引ろ過して3−フェニル−5,6,7,8−テトラヒドロ−4H−1,2,4−トリアゾロ[4,3−a]ピリジン(略称:HptzpytH)を得た(白色固体、収率77%)。ステップ1の合成スキームを(a−1)に示す。
ステップ1で得られた配位子HptzpytH7.3g、トリス(アセチルアセトナト)イリジウム(III)0.71gを、三方コックを付けた反応容器に入れ、内部をアルゴン置換した。250℃にて48時間加熱し反応させた。得られた反応混合物をジクロロメタンに溶解し、アルミナカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。展開溶媒にはジクロロメタンを用いた。得られたフラクションを濃縮して、固体を得た。得られた固体をジクロロメタンと酢酸エチルの混合溶媒で再結晶し、有機金属錯体[Ir(ptzpytH)3]を得た(黄色粉末、収率30%)。ステップ2の合成スキームを(b−1)に示す。
1H−NMR.δ(CDCl3):1.81−1.91(m,2H),2.04(br,2H),2.92−3.13(m,2H),4.30−4.44(m,2H),6.42(br,1H),6.66(t,1H),6.89(t,1H),7.48(d,1H)
まず、第1の電極101として110nmの膜厚でケイ素を含むインジウム錫酸化物(ITSO)が成膜されたガラス基板を用意した。ITSO表面は、2mm角の大きさで表面が露出するよう周辺をポリイミド膜で覆い、電極面積は2mm×2mmとした。この基板上に発光素子を形成するための前処理として、基板表面を水で洗浄し、200℃で1時間焼成した後、UVオゾン処理を370秒行った。その後、10−4Pa程度まで内部が減圧された真空蒸着装置に基板を導入し、真空蒸着装置内の加熱室において170℃で30分間の真空焼成を行った後、基板を30分程度放冷した。
以上により得られた発光素子を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業を行った後、この発光素子の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
102 EL層
103 電極
111 正孔注入層
112 正孔輸送層
113 発光層
114 電子輸送層
115 電子注入層
116 電荷発生層
201 電極
202 電極
203 EL層
204 発光層
205 りん光性化合物
206 有機化合物
207 有機化合物
301 電極
302 EL層
304 電極
305 電荷発生層
401 反射電極
402 半透過・半反射電極
403a 透明導電層
403b 透明導電層
404 発光層
404B 発光層
404G 発光層
404R 発光層
405 EL層
410B 発光素子
410G 発光素子
410R 発光素子
501 素子基板
502 画素部
503 駆動回路部
504 駆動回路部
505 シール材
506 封止基板
507 配線
508 FPC
509 nチャネル型TFT
510 pチャネル型TFT
511 スイッチング用TFT
512 電流制御用TFT
513 電極
514 絶縁物
515 EL層
516 電極
517 発光素子
518 空間
2001 基板
2002 発光部
2005a 封止材
2005b 封止材
2006 基板
2011 空間
2013 空間
3000 発光装置
3001 基板
3003a 下部電極
3003b 下部電極
3003c 下部電極
3005a 透明導電層
3005b 透明導電層
3005c 透明導電層
3007a 隔壁
3007b 隔壁
3007c 隔壁
3007d 隔壁
3009 正孔注入層
3011 正孔輸送層
3013a 発光層
3013b 発光層
3013c 発光層
3015 電子輸送層
3017 電子注入層
3019 上部電極
3020a 発光素子
3020b 発光素子
3020c 発光素子
3100 発光装置
3101 基板
3103a 下部電極
3103b 下部電極
3103c 下部電極
3105a 透明導電層
3105b 透明導電層
3107a 隔壁
3107b 隔壁
3107c 隔壁
3107d 隔壁
3110 正孔輸送層
3112 発光層
3114 電荷発生層
3116 発光層
3118 電子注入層
3119 上部電極
3120a 発光素子
3120b 発光素子
3120c 発光素子
4000 照明装置
4001 照明装置
4003 基板
4005 基板
4007 発光素子
4009 電極
4011 電極
4013 下部電極
4014 EL層
4015 上部電極
4017 補助配線
4019 封止基板
4021 シール材
4023 乾燥剤
4025 基板
4027 拡散板
4100 照明装置
4101 照明装置
4103 封止基板
4105 平坦化膜
4107 発光素子
4109 電極
4111 電極
4113 下部電極
4114 EL層
4115 上部電極
4117 補助配線
4121 シール材
4125 基板
4127 拡散板
4129 バリア膜
4131 絶縁層
4500 タッチセンサ
4510 導電層
4510a 導電層
4510b 導電層
4510c 導電層
4520 導電層
4540 容量
4710 電極
4810 絶縁層
4820 絶縁層
4910 基板
4920 基板
5000 表示
5001 表示
5002 表示
5003 表示
5004 表示
5005 表示
5500 モジュール
5501 上部カバー
5502 下部カバー
5503 FPC
5504 タッチパネル
5505 FPC
5506 表示パネル
5507 バックライトユニット
5508 光源
5509 フレーム
5510 プリント基板
5511 バッテリー
6001 基板
6002 発光素子
6003 電極
6004 EL層
6005 電極
6006 バッファー層
6007 電極
6008 コンタクト部
6100 光散乱層
6101 光散乱体
6102 空気層
6103 高屈折率層
6104 素子層
7100 テレビジョン装置
7101 筐体
7103 表示部
7105 スタンド
7107 表示部
7109 操作キー
7110 リモコン操作機
7201 本体
7202 筐体
7203 表示部
7204 キーボード
7205 外部接続ポート
7206 ポインティングデバイス
7301 筐体
7302 筐体
7303 連結部
7304 表示部
7305 表示部
7306 スピーカ部
7307 記録媒体挿入部
7308 LEDランプ
7309 操作キー
7310 接続端子
7311 センサ
7312 マイクロフォン
7400 携帯電話機
7401 筐体
7402 表示部
7403 操作ボタン
7404 外部接続ポート
7405 スピーカ
7406 マイク
8001 照明装置
8002 照明装置
8003 照明装置
8004 照明装置
Claims (11)
- 一対の電極間に発光層を有する発光素子において、
前記発光素子は青緑から青色の発光を呈し、
前記発光層はイリジウムを含む有機化合物を有し、
前記有機化合物は、イリジウムに配位する配位子を有し、
前記配位子は、4H−トリアゾール骨格を有し、
前記発光層に対して、一次イオンとしてBi3 ++を用い、当該イオンの照射量1.0×1012ions/cm2以下の条件においてToF−SIMS分析を行った際、前記4H−トリアゾール骨格由来のm/z=41付近のシグナル及びm/z=55付近のシグナルが表れる発光素子。 - 請求項1において、
さらにm/z=250乃至500の間に、m/z=12付近乃至14付近の間隔で少なくとも10以上のシグナルが表れる発光素子。 - 一対の電極間に発光層を有する発光素子において、
前記発光素子は青緑から青色の発光を呈し、
前記発光層はイリジウムを含む有機化合物を有し、
前記有機化合物は、イリジウムに配位する配位子を有し、
前記配位子は、4H−トリアゾール骨格を有し、
前記発光層に対して、一次イオンとしてBi3 ++を用い、当該イオンの照射量1.0×1012ions/cm2以下の条件においてToF−SIMS分析を行った際、前記配位子由来のm/z=41付近のシグナル、m/z=55付近のシグナル、m/z=104付近のシグナル及びm/z=200付近のシグナルが表れる発光素子。 - 一対の電極間に発光層を有する発光素子において、
前記発光素子は青色の発光を呈し、
前記発光層はイリジウムを含む有機化合物を有し、
前記有機化合物は、イリジウムに配位する配位子を有し、
前記配位子は、4H−トリアゾール骨格を有し、
前記発光層に対して、一次イオンとしてBi3 ++を用い、当該イオンの照射量1.0×1012ions/cm2以下の条件においてToF−SIMS分析を行った際、前記4H−トリアゾール骨格由来のm/z=41付近のシグナル及びm/z=55付近のシグナルと、前記有機化合物由来のm/z=589付近のシグナルと、が表れる部分が存在する発光素子。 - 一対の電極間に発光層を有する発光素子において、
前記発光素子は青色の発光を呈し、
前記発光層はイリジウムを含む有機化合物を有し、
前記有機化合物は、イリジウムに配位する配位子を有し、
前記配位子は、4H−トリアゾール骨格を有し、
前記発光層に対して、Bi3 ++を用い、当該イオンの照射量1.0×1012ions/cm2以下の条件においてToF−SIMS分析を行った際、前記4H−トリアゾール骨格由来のm/z=41付近のシグナル及びm/z=55付近のシグナルと、前記有機化合物由来のm/z=200付近及びm/z=589付近のシグナルと、が表れる部分が存在する発光素子。 - 請求項4または5において、
さらにm/z=104付近にシグナルが表れる発光素子。 - 請求項3乃至6のいずれか一項において、
さらにm/z=250乃至380の間に、m/z=12付近乃至14付近の間隔で、類似の形状のシグナルが少なくとも10以上表れる発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項において、
さらにm/z=388にシグナルが表れる発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項において、
さらにm/z=787にシグナルが表れる発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項において、
前記ToF−SIMS分析における前記イオンの照射量が8×1010ions/cm2以上1.0×1012ions/cm2以下である発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項において、
前記発光がりん光である発光素子。
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