JP6357479B2 - 材料の識別方法 - Google Patents
材料の識別方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6357479B2 JP6357479B2 JP2015541235A JP2015541235A JP6357479B2 JP 6357479 B2 JP6357479 B2 JP 6357479B2 JP 2015541235 A JP2015541235 A JP 2015541235A JP 2015541235 A JP2015541235 A JP 2015541235A JP 6357479 B2 JP6357479 B2 JP 6357479B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
- G01V5/224—Multiple energy techniques using one type of radiation, e.g. X-rays of different energies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
- G01N23/087—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays using polyenergetic X-rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
Description
試験対象の物体にX線またはγ線などの高エネルギー放射線を照射するとともに、該物体から放出される放射線を適切な検出システムで収集し、この際、該放出される放射線の強度データを試験対象の物体の全体積について収集する工程と、
放射線強度データを数値的に処理して、サンプル内の電子の合計数と相関する第1のデータ項目を取得する工程と、
別の方法を適用して、サンプルの別の特性と相関する第2のデータ項目を取得する工程と、
第1および第2のデータ項目を用いて、サンプルの材料内容物の指標を導出する工程とを備える。
・低エネルギーでは、光子エネルギーを原子の軌道に乗る電子に伝達する光電効果の影響が大きくなる。
・より高いエネルギーでは、光子が原子の周囲の電子を散乱させるコンプトン散乱が起こる。
βを電子密度ρeに対する比例定数とすると、
入射強度I0を有する厚さtの媒体から生じる任意のエネルギーのビームの出力強度Iのランベルト・ベールの式では、透過率Tは
両辺の対数をとって先の式を線減衰係数に代入すると、
面積AにわたるX線を収集すると、その面積にわたって積分することができる。
ここで、Vは調査するサンプルの体積であり、Neはサンプル内の電子数である。したがって、
そのため、βを取得するようシステムを較正した場合、サンプル内の電子数を一連の透過率測定によって計算することができる。
Claims (10)
- 物体の組成を識別および検出するための、物体の放射線検査方法であって、
試験対象の物体にX線またはγ線などの高エネルギー放射線を照射するとともに、該物体から放出される放射線を適切な検出システムで収集し、この際、該放出される放射線の強度データを試験対象の物体の全体積について収集する工程と、
全体の検出面積にわたり積分した放射線の吸収から導かれる計算を実行することにより、前記放射線の強度データを数値的に処理して、前記試験対象の物体の全体積内の電子の合計数Neと相関する第1のデータ項目を取得する工程であり、
該計算が、
一連の透過率測定を実行し、次式の関係
に従って、放射線の透過率Tを求める工程と、
次式の関係
に従って、全体の検出面積Aにわたり積分を行い、それによって、試験対象の物体の全体積内の電子の合計数Neと相関する積を求める工程とを備える、工程と、
別の方法を適用して、前記試験対象の物体の全体積の別の特性と相関する第2のデータ項目を取得する工程と、
前記第1および前記第2のデータ項目を用いて、前記試験対象の物体の全体積の材料内容物の指標を導出する工程とを備える方法。 - 前記放射線の強度データを数値的に処理して、全体の検出面積にわたり積分した放射線の吸収から導かれる計算を実行することにより前記試験対象の物体の全体積内の電子の合計数と相関する第1のデータ項目を取得する工程を備え、
該計算が、
一連の透過率測定を実行し、次式の関係
に従って、放射線の透過率Tを求める工程と、
次式の関係
に従って、全体の検出面積Aにわたり積分を行う工程と、
これらから、次式の関係
- 前記第2のデータ項目を、前記試験対象の物体の全体積の全ての原子の特性と相関するよう選択する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のデータ項目を、電子の合計数の測定値と共処理し得るものとして選択して、体積の測定を必要とすることなく、前記材料内容物について推断する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のデータ項目を、前記物体内の電子の合計数と相関する前記第1のデータ項目とともに数値的に処理し得るものとして選択し、それぞれの体積の前記データ項目への寄与を打ち消し得るようにする、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 両データ項目を、調査する体積で積分した合計数として導出し、前記試験対象の物体の全体積の体積を把握する必要がなくなるようにする、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のデータ項目が前記物体内の核子の合計数と相関する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のデータ項目および前記第2のデータ項目を数値的に共処理して比を生成し、この比を用いて前記試験対象の物体の全体積の材料内容物について推断する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記放射線が高エネルギー電離放射線からなる、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記放射線が広帯域X線源またはγ線源から発生する、請求項9に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1220418.6 | 2012-11-13 | ||
GBGB1220418.6A GB201220418D0 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | Identification of materials |
PCT/GB2013/052955 WO2014076461A1 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2013-11-11 | Identification of materials |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2016501360A JP2016501360A (ja) | 2016-01-18 |
JP2016501360A5 JP2016501360A5 (ja) | 2016-12-08 |
JP6357479B2 true JP6357479B2 (ja) | 2018-07-11 |
Family
ID=47470532
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2015541235A Active JP6357479B2 (ja) | 2012-11-13 | 2013-11-11 | 材料の識別方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10175382B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2920582B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6357479B2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB201220418D0 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014076461A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB201220419D0 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-12-26 | Kromek Ltd | Identification of materials |
US10317369B2 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2019-06-11 | GTBM, Inc. | Acoustic frequency based system with crystalline transducer module and mass comparator for non-invasive detection of explosives and contraband |
US10634646B2 (en) | 2017-01-20 | 2020-04-28 | GTBM, Inc. | Acoustic frequency based system with crystalline transducer module for non-invasive detection of explosives, contraband, and other elements |
Family Cites Families (31)
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CA2139537C (en) | 1994-01-07 | 2007-04-24 | Ulf Anders Staffan Tapper | Method and apparatus for the classification of matter |
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US6563906B2 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2003-05-13 | University Of New Brunswick | X-ray compton scattering density measurement at a point within an object |
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JP3827224B2 (ja) | 2002-09-19 | 2006-09-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 荷物検査装置 |
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JP4839050B2 (ja) | 2005-09-21 | 2011-12-14 | 独立行政法人放射線医学総合研究所 | 多色x線測定装置 |
CN101305343A (zh) | 2005-11-09 | 2008-11-12 | 护照***公司 | 货物和货品的主动非侵入性检查和验证的方法与*** |
US20080008292A1 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2008-01-10 | Miodrag Krmar | X-ray scattering bone densitometer and method of use |
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JP2009008441A (ja) | 2007-06-26 | 2009-01-15 | Ihi Corp | 半固定式物質同定装置および方法 |
JP5224023B2 (ja) | 2007-08-10 | 2013-07-03 | 株式会社Ihi | 高速材質識別検査装置および方法 |
JP2009053090A (ja) | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-12 | Ihi Corp | 材質識別検査装置および方法 |
CN101435783B (zh) | 2007-11-15 | 2011-01-26 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | 物质识别方法和设备 |
JP5177633B2 (ja) | 2007-11-16 | 2013-04-03 | 株式会社Ihi | 材質識別検査装置および方法 |
GB0807474D0 (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2008-12-03 | Durham Scient Crystals Ltd | Determination of Composition of Liquids |
GB0823093D0 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-01-28 | Durham Scient Crystals Ltd | Apparatus and method for characterisation of materials |
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US9557394B2 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2017-01-31 | U.S. Department Of Energy | Classification of materials using nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion and/or x-ray absorption |
KR101378757B1 (ko) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-27 | 한국원자력연구원 | 물질 원소 정보 획득 및 영상 차원의 선택이 가능한 방사선 영상화 장치 |
GB201220419D0 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-12-26 | Kromek Ltd | Identification of materials |
US9535016B2 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2017-01-03 | William Beaumont Hospital | Compton coincident volumetric imaging |
-
2012
- 2012-11-13 GB GBGB1220418.6A patent/GB201220418D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2013
- 2013-11-11 JP JP2015541235A patent/JP6357479B2/ja active Active
- 2013-11-11 US US14/441,929 patent/US10175382B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-11 WO PCT/GB2013/052955 patent/WO2014076461A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-11-11 EP EP13799342.4A patent/EP2920582B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US10175382B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 |
WO2014076461A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
GB201220418D0 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
EP2920582B1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
JP2016501360A (ja) | 2016-01-18 |
EP2920582A1 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
US20150285941A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
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