JP6357393B2 - Elevator device and noise reduction method in car - Google Patents
Elevator device and noise reduction method in car Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、エレベーター装置のかご内騒音を低減する技術に係り、特に低周波数においてかご内に発生する音響定在波を抑制する技術に関する。 The present invention relates to a technique for reducing in-car noise in an elevator apparatus, and more particularly to a technique for suppressing acoustic standing waves generated in a car at a low frequency.
高層ビルの建設技術が発達し、それに伴ってエレベーターも高速化が求められ、最近では毎分１０００ｍ以上の速度で上昇する高速エレベーターが登場し始めた。これらの高速エレベーターでは、昇降路内を高速でかごが移動するわけであるが、空気の流れのはく離によって発生する流体騒音は、速度の６乗に比例して増大するため、かご内の騒音が非常に大きくなってかご内の快適性を著しく悪化させる。これを改善するため、一般的な高速エレベーターでは特許文献１に示すような流線型のカプセルあるいはスポイラと呼ばれる部材をかごの上下に設置して空気の流れのはく離を抑制し、発生する流体騒音の低減が行なわれている。 With the development of high-rise building construction technology, elevators are also required to increase in speed. Recently, high-speed elevators that rise at a speed of more than 1000 meters per minute have begun to appear. In these high-speed elevators, the car moves at high speed in the hoistway, but the fluid noise generated by the separation of the air flow increases in proportion to the sixth power of the speed. It becomes very large and significantly reduces the comfort in the car. In order to improve this, in general high-speed elevators, members called streamline capsules or spoilers as shown in Patent Document 1 are installed above and below the car to suppress separation of air flow and reduce generated fluid noise. Has been done.
ところで、エレベーター内の快適性向上には人の感じる騒音を低減するのが有効である。つまり、かご内の乗員の耳元位置で音圧を低減するほうが、例えば足元位置や頭上などで音圧が低減することよりも望ましい。図９は一般的なエレベーターかごの大きさと人の大きさを比較した図であり、通常は人が立った状態で搭乗することや、搭乗時に閉塞感を感じさせないためや、あるいはむしろ開放感を感じさせるために必用な頭上空間などの関係から、一般的なエレベーターかごの高さはほぼ人の身長の１．５倍から２倍程度に設計される。この場合、先述のかご内の乗員の耳元の高さは、ほぼかご天井高さの中央付近となる。 By the way, it is effective to reduce noise felt by a person in order to improve the comfort in the elevator. In other words, it is more desirable to reduce the sound pressure at the ear position of the passenger in the car than to reduce the sound pressure at the foot position or above the head, for example. FIG. 9 is a diagram comparing the size of a general elevator car and the size of a person. Normally, a person stands in a standing position, does not feel a blockage when boarding, or rather feels open. The height of a typical elevator car is designed to be about 1.5 to 2 times the height of a person because of the overhead space necessary to make it feel. In this case, the height of the occupant's ear in the above-described car is approximately near the center of the car ceiling height.
図１０は一般的な高速エレベーターのかご内騒音について、かご内乗員の耳元位置で測定した騒音の周波数特性を示した図である。図に示す通り、低周波のある帯域で、全帯域の総合音圧であるオーバーオールを支配するピークが見られ、オーバーオールを低減するにはこの低域のピークを下げなければならないことが伺える。 FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of noise measured at the ear position of the passenger in the car for the noise in the car of a general high-speed elevator. As shown in the figure, a peak that dominates the overall, which is the overall sound pressure of the entire band, is observed in a band with a low frequency, and it can be seen that the peak in this low band must be lowered to reduce the overall.
このかご内騒音の周波数特性における低周波のピークの原因は、かごが高速に移動する際に発生する流体騒音が支配的である音源の特性と、かご内に発生する音響定在波が支配的な伝達特性の掛け算で説明できる。このうちかご内の伝達特性に関与するかご内に発生する音響定在波についての模式図を図１１に示す。エレベーターかご内のように特に何の吸音もされていない箱形構造物の内部には、図のような音響定在波が発生することが知られており、かご内壁面が僅かに振動しただけでも、上記のような定在波が励起され、当該周波数では上記のカプセルの付加による音源の低減だけでは、なかなか騒音が低減しないという問題が発生する。しかも、先に説明したように、一般的なエレベーターかごの大きさと人の身長の関係から、人が音を聞き取る器官である耳位置が、ほぼかごの高さの中央付近にくる場合が多く、このかご内中央では、かご内に発生する上下方向の２次の音響定在波で音圧の腹となり、この発生周波数でピークを形成するため、なおさらその低減が困難となる。 The cause of the low frequency peak in the frequency characteristics of this car noise is the characteristics of the sound source, which is dominated by fluid noise generated when the car moves at high speed, and the acoustic standing wave generated in the car. This can be explained by the multiplication of various transfer characteristics. FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of the acoustic standing wave generated in the car involved in the transfer characteristics in the car. It is known that acoustic standing waves as shown in the figure are generated inside a box-shaped structure that does not absorb any sound, such as in an elevator car. However, the standing wave as described above is excited, and there is a problem that noise is not easily reduced only by reducing the sound source by adding the capsule at the frequency. Moreover, as explained above, from the relationship between the size of a general elevator car and the height of a person, the ear position, which is the organ from which a person listens, often comes near the center of the height of the car, At the center of the car, the vertical acoustic standing wave generated in the car becomes an antinode of the sound pressure, and a peak is formed at the generated frequency.
このような、かご内で発生する定在波の対策方法として、特許文献２にはアクティブノイズコントロールを用いた構成案が示されている。また特許文献３には、対象製品はエレベーターではなく防音カバーではあるものの、同様にカバーのような閉空間の内部に発生する音響定在波をアクティブノイズコントロールで抑制する技術について記載されている。アクティブノイズコントロールとは、問題となっている騒音について、どこかで得られた信号をもとにして、低減対象の音響信号の逆位相の二次音波を作り出し、元の音場に付加することによって、対象となる領域の音圧を打ち消して低減する技術である。 As a countermeasure against such standing waves generated in a car, Patent Document 2 discloses a configuration plan using active noise control. Further, Patent Document 3 describes a technique for suppressing an acoustic standing wave generated in a closed space such as a cover by active noise control, although the target product is not a lift but a soundproof cover. Active noise control is to create a secondary sound wave with the opposite phase of the acoustic signal to be reduced based on the signal obtained for the noise in question and add it to the original sound field. Thus, the sound pressure in the target area is canceled and reduced.
前述のように、エレベーターかご内のように特に何の吸音もされていない箱形構造物の内部には音響定在波が発生することが知られており、かご内壁面が僅かに振動しただけでも、上記定在波が励起され、当該周波数では上記のカプセルの付加による音源の低減だけでは、なかなか騒音が低減しない。このような、かご内で発生する定在波の対策方法として、アクティブノイズコントロールがあるが、一方で、逆位相の二次音波を作り出すために必要となる二次音波生成用信号を測定するリファレンスマイクの位置や制御方法によってはうまく低減しないばかりか、逆に発散したりして騒音増大させてしまう場合もある。また、リファレンスマイクの個数を増やしたり制御方法を複雑にしたりすると、目標を達成するために必用なシステムが高価となって費用対効果が悪化する。 As mentioned above, it is known that an acoustic standing wave is generated inside a box-shaped structure that does not absorb any sound, such as in an elevator car. However, the standing wave is excited, and noise is not easily reduced only by reducing the sound source by adding the capsule at the frequency. There is active noise control as a countermeasure against such standing waves generated in the car, but on the other hand, a reference to measure the secondary sound generation signal that is necessary to create secondary sound waves of opposite phase Depending on the position of the microphone and the control method, it may not be reduced well, but on the contrary, it may diverge and increase noise. Further, if the number of reference microphones is increased or the control method is complicated, the system necessary for achieving the target becomes expensive and the cost effectiveness becomes worse.
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、エレベーターかご内に発生する音響定在波を抑制することでかご内騒音を効果的に且つ安定的に低減する手段およびそれを実現する構造について、簡便でかつ安価に提供することである。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the means for effectively and stably reducing the noise in the car by suppressing the acoustic standing wave generated in the elevator car and the structure for realizing the means are simple and It is to provide at a low cost.
本発明のエレベーター装置及びかご内騒音低減方法は、前記かごは床面・天井面・前面・背面および両側面の６面で構成され、前記かご内側から見上げた前記天井面の形状を略４角形と見立てたときに、この４角形を構成する４辺それぞれの中央部分近傍にリファレンスマイクを設置し、前記天井面の中央に二次音波発生装置を配置するとともに、複数の前記リファレンスマイクで採集した音圧信号をもとに二次音波生成用信号を生成し、前記二次音波生成用信号を前記天井面に設けられた前記二次音波発生装置から音に変換して二次音波を照射することを特徴とする。
In the elevator apparatus and the car interior noise reduction method according to the present invention, the car is composed of six surfaces including a floor surface, a ceiling surface, a front surface, a back surface, and both side surfaces , and the shape of the ceiling surface viewed from the inside of the car is substantially rectangular. When a reference microphone is installed in the vicinity of the central part of each of the four sides constituting this quadrangle, a secondary sound wave generator is arranged in the center of the ceiling surface, and collected by a plurality of the reference microphones. A secondary sound wave generation signal is generated based on the sound pressure signal, and the secondary sound wave generation signal is converted into sound from the secondary sound wave generator provided on the ceiling surface and irradiated with the secondary sound wave. It is characterized by that.
本発明により、エレベーターかご内に発生する音響定在波のうち、騒音評価点に影響を及ぼす上下方向２次のもを効率的に抑制することができ、かご内騒音を効果的に且つ安定的に低減する手段およびそれを実現するエレベーター装置を、簡便でかつ安価に提供することができる。 According to the present invention, among the acoustic standing waves generated in the elevator car, it is possible to efficiently suppress the secondary secondary waves that affect the noise evaluation point, thereby effectively and stably reducing the noise in the car. Therefore, it is possible to provide a means for reducing the cost and an elevator apparatus that realizes the means easily and inexpensively.
以下に説明する実施例は、運転時に発生するエレベーターかご内騒音を低減する技術に関する。その一例として昇降路内を移動するかごが発生させる空力騒音やガイドレールと車輪の摺動などに起因する固体振動音などを音源として励起されるかご内の音響定在波を低減するための技術に関するもので、特に毎分５００〜１０００ｍ以上で移動する高速エレベーターを想定したものである。 The embodiment described below relates to a technique for reducing noise in an elevator car generated during operation. As an example, a technology for reducing acoustic standing waves in a car excited by aerodynamic noise generated by a car moving in a hoistway or solid vibration sound caused by sliding between a guide rail and wheels, etc. In particular, a high-speed elevator moving at 500 to 1000 m / min or more is assumed.
特に本実施例では、エレベーターかご内に発生する音響定在波のうち、騒音評価点に影響を及ぼす上下方向２次のもののみを限定して効率的に抑制することで、かご内騒音を効果的に且つ安定的に低減する手段およびそれを実現する構造を、簡便でかつ安価に提供する技術について説明する。 In particular, in this embodiment, among the acoustic standing waves generated in the elevator car, the noise in the car is effectively suppressed by efficiently limiting only the secondary waves in the vertical direction that affect the noise evaluation point. A technique for providing a simple and stable means and a structure for realizing the same in a simple and inexpensive manner will be described.
図１にエレベーターかご内に発生する音響定在波を解析するための数値解析モデルを、図２にその解析結果のうち低周波数側から１０次までのみを抜き出したものを示す。図２のように、ほぼ直方体で表現できるかご内部で発生する音響定在波は、幅方向および奥行き方向の１次と、高さ方向の１次から２次、更にはこれらが複合された定在波が発生して、このような特徴的な音圧分布を示す。このうちかご内乗員耳元位置と想定される、かご中央で音圧の腹となるのは、図中６次の上下方向２次の定在波だけであり、そのほかの定在波はかご中央では音圧の節となる。もちろん、幅方向や奥行き方向についても２次の定在波は発生して上下方向２次と同様にかご内中央で音圧の腹となる。しかしながら、一般的なエレベーターのかごの寸法は一番長いのが高さ方向であるため、上記のような幅方向や奥行き方向の２次の定在波が発生するのはより高次の周波数領域であり、このような高周波領域においては、微小ながらも存在している、かご内の吸音性の影響によりそのピークはそれほど大きくはならない。結局、かご内騒音の低減に最も効果的なのは上下方向２次の定在波を抑制することである。 FIG. 1 shows a numerical analysis model for analyzing an acoustic standing wave generated in an elevator car, and FIG. 2 shows a result obtained by extracting only the 10th order from the low frequency side among the analysis results. As shown in FIG. 2, an acoustic standing wave generated inside a car that can be expressed by a substantially rectangular parallelepiped is composed of a primary in the width direction and a depth direction, a primary to secondary in the height direction, and a combination of these. A standing wave is generated to show such a characteristic sound pressure distribution. Of these, only the 6th-order up-and-down secondary waves in the center of the car, which are assumed to be the occupant's ear positions in the car, are the 6th-order up-and-down secondary standing waves in the figure. It becomes a node of sound pressure. Of course, a secondary standing wave is also generated in the width direction and the depth direction, and becomes an antinode of sound pressure in the center of the car as in the case of the secondary in the vertical direction. However, since the dimension of a typical elevator car is the longest in the height direction, secondary standing waves in the width direction and depth direction as described above are generated in a higher frequency range. In such a high-frequency region, the peak does not become so large due to the effect of sound absorption in the car, although it exists in a small amount. In the end, the most effective way to reduce the car noise is to suppress the secondary standing wave in the vertical direction.
即ち、図１０に示したかご内騒音周波数特性でピークを形成している最も大きな原因となっている音響定在波は、複数ある音響定在波のうちの上下方向２次のみであり、かご内中央の騒音を低減するためにかご内で発生する全ての音響定在波を抑制する必要は無い。むしろ、対策が必要な上下方向２次の音響定在波以外は、かご内中央では音圧の節となっているため、かご内中央騒音を低減するためのアクティブノイズコントロールを実装するにしても、その制御方法については対象とする上下方向２次の音響定在波以外には影響を及ぼさないようにするのが理想である。 That is, the acoustic standing wave which is the largest cause of the peak in the car noise frequency characteristic shown in FIG. 10 is only the secondary in the vertical direction among the plurality of acoustic standing waves. It is not necessary to suppress all acoustic standing waves generated in the car in order to reduce the noise in the center. Rather, it is a node of sound pressure in the center of the car except for the vertical standing acoustic wave that requires countermeasures. Therefore, even if active noise control is implemented to reduce the car center noise. As for the control method, it is ideal that no influence is exerted on the acoustic standing wave other than the target vertical acoustic wave.
一方で前記、特許文献２に記載のアクティブノイズコントロールのシステム構成では、ほぼ直方体で表現できるかご内の天井面を構成する４つの頂点付近にリファレンスマイクを設置する構成が示されている。図２に示すように、ほぼ直方体で表現できるかご内において、天井面を構成する４つの頂点と床面を構成する４つの頂点の計８つの頂点では、どの音響定在波も音圧の腹となる。したがって、特許文献２で示される天井面を構成する４つの頂点付近で取得された音圧信号をそのまま二次音波生成用信号として使用すると、全ての音響定在波に影響を及ぼし、折角かご内騒音評価位置で音圧の節であるため問題とならなかった上下方向２次以外の音響定在波についても、悪化させてしまうこととなる。そのため、取得した音圧信号について対象とする定在波だけを制御できるようにフィルタなどを通して処理する必要が発生するが、フィルタで処理しきれなかった不要な信号成分は２次音の中にノイズとして残ることとなり、アクティブノイズコントロールの効果が十分に引き出せなくなる。 On the other hand, in the system configuration of active noise control described in Patent Document 2, a configuration is shown in which reference microphones are installed in the vicinity of four vertices that constitute a ceiling surface in a car that can be represented by a substantially rectangular parallelepiped. As shown in FIG. 2, in a car that can be represented by a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, any acoustic standing wave has a sound pressure antinode at eight vertices including four vertices constituting the ceiling surface and four vertices constituting the floor surface. It becomes. Therefore, if the sound pressure signals acquired in the vicinity of the four vertices constituting the ceiling surface shown in Patent Document 2 are used as the secondary sound wave generation signals as they are, they affect all acoustic standing waves, and the inside of the folding cage An acoustic standing wave other than the second order in the vertical direction, which is not a problem because it is a node of the sound pressure at the noise evaluation position, is also deteriorated. For this reason, it is necessary to process the acquired sound pressure signal through a filter so that only the target standing wave can be controlled. However, unnecessary signal components that could not be processed by the filter are noise in the secondary sound. As a result, the effect of active noise control cannot be sufficiently obtained.
また特許文献３には、上下方向１次の共振を打ち消す手段として上下方向に配置した２つのマイクで二次音波生成用信号を構成する方法が記載されている。しかし上記のように、かご内乗員が感じる騒音を低減するという観点からは低減対象は上下方向２次であり、またかご内の意匠性を考えると、乗員の目にとまりやすい天井面に接する位置以外の側面に対してリファレンスマイクを設置することは設計上難しい。また、リファレンスマイクが手の届くところにある場合は、乗員が触れることによって制御が失敗することも考えられる。さらに、狙った定在波のみを低減するためには、結局、各信号の配分を調整するためのフィルタ回路が必要となり費用対効果が悪くなるし、一方で、先述同様、フィルタで処理しきれなかった不要な信号は２次音のノイズとして残って、アクティブノイズコントロールの効果を妨げてしまう。 Patent Document 3 describes a method of forming a secondary sound wave generation signal with two microphones arranged in the vertical direction as means for canceling the primary resonance in the vertical direction. However, as described above, from the viewpoint of reducing the noise felt by the passengers in the car, the reduction target is secondary in the vertical direction, and considering the design in the car, the position that touches the ceiling surface that is easily caught by the passengers It is difficult to design a reference microphone on the other side. In addition, when the reference microphone is within reach, it is possible that the control may fail when the occupant touches it. Furthermore, in order to reduce only the target standing wave, a filter circuit for adjusting the distribution of each signal is required, which makes the cost-effectiveness worse. Unnecessary unnecessary signals remain as secondary sound noise, which hinders the effect of active noise control.
これに対し本実施例では、かご内側から見上げた天井の形状を略４角形と見立てたときに、この４角形を構成する４辺それぞれの中央部分付近に、リファレンスマイク３１を配置し、これらのリファレンスマイク３１で得られた４つの音響信号の総和を二次音波生成用信号として、これをかごの天井高さで決まるある時間間隔遅らせたものを増幅させて、天井に設けられた二次音波発生装置３２から音に変換して照射する。 In contrast, in this embodiment, when the shape of the ceiling viewed from the inside of the car is regarded as a substantially quadrangular shape, the reference microphones 31 are arranged near the central portions of the four sides constituting the quadrangular shape. The sum of the four acoustic signals obtained by the reference microphone 31 is used as a secondary sound wave generation signal, which is delayed by a certain time interval determined by the ceiling height of the car, and then a secondary sound wave provided on the ceiling. The sound is emitted from the generator 32 after being converted into sound.
図３ないし図５に本発明の実施例について示す。 3 to 5 show an embodiment of the present invention.
図３はかごを斜め上から見た鳥瞰図であり、前面ないし側面部と天井部を透明表示して内部が透けて見えるようにしている。また図４は図３の天井面をかご内部から見上げた図であり、図５は本実施例のアクティブノイズコントロールシステムの装置結線図である。本実施例では図のようにかご内側から見上げた天井の形状を略４角形と見立てたときに、この４角形を構成する４辺それぞれの中央部分付近にリファレンスマイクを配置する。そして、これらのリファレンスマイク３１で得られた４つの音響信号を単純に総和させて二次音波生成用信号を構成する。単純に総和するだけであるので、信号ケーブルの物理的な結線のみでよく、特許文献３に書かれたような狙った定在波のみを低減するため制御対象外のノイズ成分が抑制されて、アクティブノイズコントロールの効果を十分に発揮することができる。 FIG. 3 is a bird's-eye view of the car as viewed obliquely from above. The front or side surface and the ceiling are transparently displayed so that the interior can be seen through. 4 is a view of the ceiling surface of FIG. 3 as viewed from the inside of the car. FIG. 5 is a device connection diagram of the active noise control system of the present embodiment. In this embodiment, when the shape of the ceiling viewed from the inside of the car is regarded as a substantially quadrangular shape as shown in the figure, a reference microphone is arranged near the central portion of each of the four sides constituting the quadrangular shape. Then, the four acoustic signals obtained by these reference microphones 31 are simply summed to form a secondary sound wave generation signal. Since only the summation is simply performed, only the physical connection of the signal cable is required, and the noise component outside the control target is suppressed to reduce only the target standing wave as described in Patent Document 3, The effect of active noise control can be fully demonstrated.
この二次音波生成用信号をかごの天井とかご内乗員の耳元位置までの距離を伝搬する音波の到達時間分遅らせたものを増幅させて天井に設けられた二次音波発生装置３２から照射する。なお、二次音波発生の遅延時間ΔＴは、かごの天井高さをＨと騒音評価点高さをｈとして（Ｈ−ｈ）／３４０［ｓｅｃ］と算出される。このような構成とすることにより、対策が必要な音響定在波のみを効率よく低減することができる。 This secondary sound wave generation signal is amplified by delaying the arrival time of the sound wave that propagates the distance from the ceiling of the car to the occupant's ear position, and irradiated from the secondary sound wave generator 32 provided on the ceiling. . The secondary sound wave generation delay time ΔT is calculated as (H−h) / 340 [sec] where H is the ceiling height of the car and h is the noise evaluation point height. By setting it as such a structure, only the acoustic standing wave which needs a countermeasure can be reduced efficiently.
例えば、図２に示した音響定在波の内、７次および８次は本実施例のリファレンスマイク配置位置で音圧の節となるため、この定在波に起因した音圧は殆ど検知されず、目的通り、この低減非対象音響定在波については、本実施例のアクティブノイズコントロールシステムは殆ど影響を及ぼさない。結果音圧評価点では制御しない状態のまま、音圧の節で有り続ける。また図２の２次ないし５次、および９次ないし１０次については、４つあるリファレンスマイク３１のうち、４角形と見立てた天井を構成する４つ辺のうちの一対の対辺上にある２つのリファレンスマイクについては音圧の節となるが、もう一方の対辺上の２つのリファレンスマイクについては音圧の腹となる。しかしながら、この２点では互いに逆位相となっているため、これら４つのマイクで取得した音圧信号の総和は結局ゼロとなる。したがってこれらの定在波に対しても、本実施例のアクティブノイズコントロールシステムは殆ど影響を及ぼさない。 For example, among the acoustic standing waves shown in FIG. 2, the seventh and eighth orders are nodes of the sound pressure at the reference microphone arrangement position of this embodiment, so that the sound pressure caused by this standing wave is almost detected. However, as intended, the reduced noise non-target acoustic standing wave has little effect on the active noise control system of the present embodiment. As a result, the sound pressure evaluation points remain uncontrolled and remain in the sound pressure section. Further, for the second to fifth and ninth to tenth orders in FIG. 2, two of the four reference microphones 31 are located on a pair of opposite sides of the four sides constituting the quadrangle-like ceiling. One reference microphone is a node of sound pressure, but two reference microphones on the other side are antinodes of sound pressure. However, since these two points are in opposite phases, the sum of the sound pressure signals acquired by these four microphones eventually becomes zero. Therefore, the active noise control system of this embodiment has little influence on these standing waves.
結果的に、図２に示した音響定在波の内で本実施例で影響を及ぼすのは１次と６次のみである。しかし１次もまた、音速が３４０ｍであるので、かご内の高さが通常の高速エレベーターは２.５ｍ以上であることを考えると、この定在波で行き来する波の波長は５ｍ以上であるから、発生する周波数は、３４０／５＝６８Ｈｚ以下となり、エレベーター天井に搭載可能な一般的な小型スピーカーで出力できる音の下限以下であるので、結局は二次音波を出力できず、影響を与えることは小さい。 As a result, only the first and sixth orders of the acoustic standing wave shown in FIG. However, since the speed of sound in the primary is also 340 m, considering that a normal high-speed elevator has a height of 2.5 m or more, the wavelength of the waves traveling by this standing wave is 5 m or more. Therefore, the generated frequency is 340/5 = 68Hz or less, which is below the lower limit of the sound that can be output by a general small speaker that can be mounted on an elevator ceiling. That is small.
最終的に図２に示す音響定在波のうち、上下方向２次である６次のみがリファレンスマイク３１で取得した音圧信号の総和である二次音波生成用信号がゼロとならず、且つこの二次音波生成用信号がかご内乗員耳元位置と想定されるかご内中央における音圧信号と逆位相をもったものとなる。 Finally, among the acoustic standing waves shown in FIG. 2, the secondary sound wave generation signal that is the sum of the sound pressure signals acquired by the reference microphone 31 only in the sixth order which is the second order in the vertical direction is not zero, and This secondary sound wave generation signal has a phase opposite to that of the sound pressure signal in the center of the car, which is assumed to be the position of the passenger's ear in the car.
したがってこの二次音波生成用信号について、二次音波発生装置３２が配置される天井からかご内中央までの音波の到達時間を考慮して遅延させ、それを天井に設置した該二次音波発生装置３２から音に変換して照射することにより、かご内乗員耳元位置と想定されるかご内中央で音圧が腹となる定在波である図２の６次の定在波、即ち上下方向２次の定在波のみを効率的に抑制することができる。 Therefore, the secondary sound wave generating device is delayed in consideration of the arrival time of the sound wave from the ceiling where the secondary sound wave generating device 32 is disposed to the center of the car, and the secondary sound wave generating device is installed on the ceiling. The 6th standing wave of FIG. 2, which is a standing wave in which the sound pressure becomes an antinode in the center of the car, which is assumed to be the occupant's ear position in the car, is converted into sound from 32, that is, the vertical direction 2 Only the next standing wave can be efficiently suppressed.
なお、二次音波生成用信号を二次音波発生装置から出力する際の遅延時間について、対象周波数では天井とかご内中央が逆位相になることを考えると、半周期分となり、即ち、単に二次音波生成用信号を反転させたものを二次音波発生装置３２から照射することとなる。 Note that the delay time when the secondary sound wave generation signal is output from the secondary sound wave generator is a half period when considering that the ceiling and the center of the car are in opposite phases at the target frequency. The secondary sound wave generation device 32 irradiates a signal obtained by inverting the secondary sound wave generation signal.
さらにリファレンスマイク３１を配置すべき位置としては、天井の４角形を構成する４辺それぞれのリファレンスマイクを配置する中央部分付近と記載したが、それは別の言い方をすれば上下方向２次である６次のみがリファレンスマイク３１で取得した音圧信号の総和である二次音波生成用信号がゼロとならない範囲であると言え、この範囲内にリファレンスマイクを配置するのが良い。 Furthermore, the position where the reference microphone 31 should be placed is described as the vicinity of the center portion where the reference microphones of each of the four sides constituting the quadrilateral of the ceiling are placed, but in other words, it is secondary in the vertical direction. It can be said that only the next is a range in which the secondary sound wave generation signal, which is the sum of the sound pressure signals acquired by the reference microphone 31, does not become zero, and the reference microphone is preferably arranged within this range.
図６ないし図８に本発明の別の実施例について示す。 6 to 8 show another embodiment of the present invention.
図６は、低周波数の音を出力することを目的として天井に配置する二次音波発生装置を４つ設置した場合の例である。４つそれぞれの二次音波発生装置は上記のように処理された同じ二次音波信号が入力され、同振幅同位相の音が出力される。これにより1つの二次音波発生装置単体では照射が困難だった低周波の二次音波を効率よく出力することが可能となり、かご天井高さが高いために上下方向２次の定在波発生周波数が低い場合でも対応可能となる。また、リファレンスマイクと二次音波発生装置から照射する音が正確に逆位相となるように制御してもよい。 FIG. 6 shows an example in which four secondary sound wave generators placed on the ceiling for the purpose of outputting low-frequency sound are installed. Each of the four secondary sound wave generators receives the same secondary sound wave signal processed as described above, and outputs a sound having the same amplitude and phase. This makes it possible to efficiently output low-frequency secondary sound waves that were difficult to irradiate with a single secondary sound wave generator, and because the height of the car ceiling is high, the secondary wave generation frequency in the vertical direction is high. It is possible to deal with even when the Further, the sound emitted from the reference microphone and the secondary sound wave generator may be controlled so as to have exactly the opposite phase.
図７は二次音源発生装置に入力する手前にフィルタ回路３６を設けた実施例である。上述のように上下方向２次の定在波発生周波数が低く、そのまま処理した信号では単一の二次音波発生装置では発生できない場合は、フィルタ回路３６によって対象帯域を強調されるように処理を行なうとよい。また、先述のように図３に示したリファレンスマイク３１の配置によって、低減対象となる上下方向２次の定在波のみを抽出する効果を引き出す為に、さらにフィルタ回路３６によって想定される上下方向２次の定在波の発生周波数以外の音を遮断してもよい。さらに、このようなフィルタ回路３６は図８のように４つそれぞれのリファレンスマイク３１で取得した音圧信号のそれぞれの直後に配置してもよい。 FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which a filter circuit 36 is provided before input to the secondary sound source generator. As described above, when the standing wave generation frequency of the secondary wave in the vertical direction is low and the signal processed as it is cannot be generated by a single secondary sound wave generator, processing is performed so that the target band is emphasized by the filter circuit 36. You should do it. Further, as described above, the arrangement of the reference microphone 31 shown in FIG. 3 further causes the filter circuit 36 to assume the vertical direction in order to extract the effect of extracting only the standing wave in the vertical direction that is to be reduced. Sounds other than the generation frequency of the secondary standing wave may be blocked. Further, such a filter circuit 36 may be arranged immediately after each of the sound pressure signals acquired by the four reference microphones 31 as shown in FIG.
なお、エレベーターが所定階に停止してドアが開き乗員が乗り降りしている最中は、かご内の音場が乱れており、またリファレンスマイク３１で突発的な音を取得して発散しかねないため、この間はアクティブノイズコントロールされているのは都合が悪い。そこで、エレベーターの位置情報や運転情報をもとにコントロールのオンオフを制御するのがよい。 While the elevator stops on the predetermined floor and the doors open and passengers get on and off, the sound field in the car is disturbed, and sudden noise may be acquired by the reference microphone 31 and diverge. Therefore, active noise control is not convenient during this period. Therefore, it is preferable to control on / off of the control based on the position information and operation information of the elevator.
更に、エレベーターに乗員が乗り込んだ状態では、乗員の衣服によるかご内の吸音性が増加したり、かご内の音響媒質である空気の体積が縮小したり、温度によって音速が変わったりすることによって、かご内の音場が無人時と比べて変化し、結果的に二次音波発生装置３２からかご内中央までの音波の到達時間が変わってしまう場合もある。このような場合にはかご運転動作中に該二次音波発生装置３２から遅延時間算出用の音響信号を発生させ、これがかご内で反響して同じく天井に設けられた該リファレンスマイク３１で検出されるまでの時間をもとに二次音波生成用信号の遅延時間を算出し直してもよい。この場合の遅延時間は、逆位相になるための時間であり、つまり音が半波長分伝搬する時間である。一方で上下方向２次の定在波の視点からすると、二次音波発生装置３１で照射した音が床や乗員に当たって反射して再び天井近辺のリファレンスマイク３１で検出するまでにかかる時間は２波長分である。したがって、遅延時間はこの二次音波発生装置３１で照射した音が床や乗員に当たって反射して再び天井近辺のリファレンスマイク３１で検出するまでにかかる時間のほぼ１／４として算出される。 Furthermore, in the state where the occupant gets into the elevator, the sound absorption in the car due to the occupant's clothes increases, the volume of air that is the acoustic medium in the car decreases, or the sound speed changes depending on the temperature, The sound field in the car may change as compared to when it is unmanned, and as a result, the arrival time of the sound wave from the secondary sound wave generator 32 to the center of the car may change. In such a case, an acoustic signal for delay time calculation is generated from the secondary sound wave generator 32 during the car operation, and this is reflected in the car and detected by the reference microphone 31 also provided on the ceiling. The delay time of the secondary sound wave generation signal may be recalculated based on the time until the second sound wave. In this case, the delay time is the time for the opposite phase, that is, the time for the sound to propagate by half a wavelength. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the standing wave of the secondary wave in the vertical direction, the time taken for the sound irradiated by the secondary sound wave generator 31 to be reflected by the floor or the occupant and detected again by the reference microphone 31 near the ceiling is two wavelengths. It is. Therefore, the delay time is calculated as approximately ¼ of the time required for the sound emitted from the secondary sound wave generator 31 to be reflected by the floor or the passenger and detected again by the reference microphone 31 near the ceiling.
さらにこのような場合、遅延時間算出用の音響信号については、乗員に不快な思いをさせないように、ドアが閉じた後に流れるアナウンスや音楽などを用いるのがよい。 Further, in such a case, it is preferable to use an announcement or music that flows after the door is closed so that the passenger does not feel uncomfortable about the acoustic signal for calculating the delay time.
２１ かご内音響定在波の音圧の腹
３１ リファレンスマイク
３２ 二次音波発生装置
３３ 加算器
３４ 遅延器
３５ 増幅器
３６ フィルタ回路
21 Sound pressure antinode of acoustic wave in car 31 Reference microphone 32 Secondary sound wave generator 33 Adder 34 Delayer 35 Amplifier 36 Filter circuit
Claims (9)
前記かご内騒音低減装置は、複数のリファレンスマイクと、二次音波発生装置とを備え、
前記かごは床面・天井面・前面・背面および両側面の６面で構成されており、
前記リファレンスマイクは前記かご内側から見上げた前記天井面の形状を略４角形と見立てたときに、この４角形を構成する４辺それぞれの中央部分近傍に設置され、前記二次音波発生装置は前記天井面の中央に配置されるとともに、
前記かご内騒音低減装置は、複数の前記リファレンスマイクで採集した音圧信号をもとに二次音波生成用信号を生成し、前記二次音波生成用信号を前記天井面に設けられた前記二次音波発生装置から音に変換して二次音波を照射することを特徴とするエレベーター装置。
In an elevator apparatus equipped with a car noise reduction device to reduce car noise,
The car noise reduction device includes a plurality of reference microphones and a secondary sound wave generator,
The car is composed of six floors, ceiling, front, back and both sides.
The reference microphone is installed in the vicinity of the center part of each of the four sides constituting the quadrangle when the shape of the ceiling surface viewed from the inside of the car is regarded as a substantially quadrangular shape, Located in the center of the ceiling surface,
The car interior noise reduction device generates a secondary sound wave generation signal based on sound pressure signals collected by a plurality of the reference microphones, and the secondary sound wave generation signal is provided on the ceiling surface. An elevator apparatus characterized in that a secondary sound wave is irradiated after being converted into sound from a secondary sound wave generator.
6. The elevator apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the secondary sound wave generates a test acoustic signal for identifying a parameter for forming a secondary sound wave from the secondary sound wave generator during an elevator car operation. And measuring the parameters with the reference microphone, and calculating parameters for forming the secondary sound wave based on the information on the test acoustic signal and the information on the acoustic signal measured with the reference microphone. Elevator device.
In the elevator apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the parameters for the secondary wave formation, the time it takes the test sound-signal emitted from the secondary wave generator is detected by the reference microphone The elevator apparatus characterized by using.
前記かごは床面・天井面・前面・背面および両側面の６面で構成され、前記かご内側から見上げた前記天井面の形状を略４角形と見立てたときに、この４角形を構成する４辺それぞれの中央部分近傍にリファレンスマイクを設置し、前記天井面の中央に二次音波発生装置を配置するとともに、
複数の前記リファレンスマイクで採集した音圧信号をもとに二次音波生成用信号を生成し、前記二次音波生成用信号を前記天井面に設けられた前記二次音波発生装置から音に変換して二次音波を照射することを特徴とするかご内騒音低減方法。
In the car interior noise reduction method for reducing the car interior noise of the elevator device,
The car is composed of six surfaces, that is, a floor surface, a ceiling surface, a front surface, a back surface, and both side surfaces. When the shape of the ceiling surface viewed from the inside of the car is regarded as a substantially quadrangular shape, 4 is formed. A reference microphone is installed in the vicinity of the central part of each side, and a secondary sound wave generator is arranged in the center of the ceiling surface,
A secondary sound wave generation signal is generated based on sound pressure signals collected by the plurality of reference microphones, and the secondary sound wave generation signal is converted into sound from the secondary sound wave generator provided on the ceiling surface. Then, the method for reducing noise in a car is characterized by irradiating secondary sound waves.
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