JP6299034B2 - Swellable material behavior evaluation apparatus and swellable material behavior evaluation test method - Google Patents

Swellable material behavior evaluation apparatus and swellable material behavior evaluation test method Download PDF

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JP6299034B2
JP6299034B2 JP2014123761A JP2014123761A JP6299034B2 JP 6299034 B2 JP6299034 B2 JP 6299034B2 JP 2014123761 A JP2014123761 A JP 2014123761A JP 2014123761 A JP2014123761 A JP 2014123761A JP 6299034 B2 JP6299034 B2 JP 6299034B2
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保貴 渡邊
保貴 渡邊
幸久 田中
幸久 田中
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Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
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Description

本発明は、例えば、放射性廃棄物や産業廃棄物等の処分施設における廃棄物等の部材を覆う材料の環境場における挙動評価を行うための膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置及び挙動評価試験方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a behavior evaluation test apparatus and a behavior evaluation test method for a swellable material for evaluating the behavior of a material covering a member such as waste in a disposal facility such as radioactive waste or industrial waste in an environmental field. .

例えば、放射性廃棄物を地下に処分する場合、地下水の流れによる核種の移動を抑制するため、低透水性材料を用いた覆土等の施工が検討されている。低透水性材料としては、透水性が極めて低いベントナイト粘土系材料、例えば、ベントナイト、もしくは、ベントナイトと砂を混合した材料の使用が検討されている（例えば、特許文献１）。   For example, when radioactive waste is disposed underground, in order to suppress the movement of nuclides due to the flow of groundwater, construction of cover soil using a low water permeability material has been studied. As the low water-permeable material, use of bentonite clay-based material having extremely low water permeability, for example, bentonite or a material obtained by mixing bentonite and sand has been studied (for example, Patent Document 1).

ベントナイトは吸水膨潤することで隙間を埋める性質があり、締固めることで極めて低い透水性が発揮される材料であるため、地下水の移動が抑制されて、生活環境に及ぼす放射性廃棄物の影響を軽減することができる。ベントナイトは、地下水下で吸水膨潤して膨潤圧が発揮されるが、岩盤やコンクリート等、ベントナイトを拘束する周囲の環境（周囲環境）の材料等の剛性により膨潤圧が変化すると考えられている。   Bentonite is a material that fills gaps by swelling with water absorption, and is a material that exhibits extremely low water permeability when compacted. Therefore, movement of groundwater is suppressed, reducing the impact of radioactive waste on the living environment. can do. Bentonite absorbs and swells under ground water and exhibits a swelling pressure, but it is considered that the swelling pressure changes depending on the rigidity of the surrounding environment (ambient environment) such as bedrock and concrete.

このため、従来から、周辺環境からベントナイトに作用する圧力が一定の状態でベントナイトがどのように変形するかを調べる試験（膨潤変形試験）が実施されている。また、ベントナイトの体積が変化しない状態でベントナイトが周辺環境に及ぼす圧力（膨潤圧）がどのように変化するかを調べる試験（膨潤圧試験）が実施されている。   For this reason, conventionally, a test (swelling deformation test) for examining how bentonite is deformed in a state where the pressure acting on bentonite from the surrounding environment is constant has been performed. In addition, a test (swelling pressure test) for examining how the pressure (swelling pressure) that the bentonite exerts on the surrounding environment changes without changing the volume of the bentonite has been carried out.

膨潤変形試験や、膨潤圧試験を実験室で実施することにより、ベントナイトの特性（膨潤性）を個別に把握することができ、その上で、ベントナイトの特性を加味した透水性の評価が行われることがある。しかし、実験室では金属容器を使い、装置自体の変形は非常に小さい条件で各試験を行うのに対し，現地では、ベントナイトが配される周囲の岩盤自体も変形するため、現地におけるベントナイトの膨潤性は実験室と異なることが予想される。したがって、ベントナイトの周囲環境を考慮し、ベントナイトの拘束条件を設定して膨潤圧等の測定を行わなければ、実際の周囲環境に応じた評価にはならない。   By conducting the swelling deformation test and the swelling pressure test in the laboratory, the characteristics (swellability) of bentonite can be grasped individually, and then the permeability is evaluated by taking into account the characteristics of bentonite. Sometimes. However, in the laboratory, the metal vessel is used, and the deformation of the device itself is performed under very small conditions. On the other hand, the surrounding rock mass where bentonite is placed also deforms at the site. Sex is expected to be different from the laboratory. Therefore, if the ambient conditions of bentonite are taken into consideration and the restraint conditions of bentonite are set and the swelling pressure and the like are not measured, the evaluation cannot be made according to the actual ambient environment.

特開２００３―２５５０８７号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-255087

本発明は上記状況に鑑みてなされたもので、膨潤性材料の特性を現地の周囲環境も考慮して評価することができる膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置及び挙動評価試験方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and provides a behavior evaluation test apparatus and a behavior evaluation test method for a swellable material that can evaluate the characteristics of the swellable material in consideration of the local surrounding environment. Objective.

上記目的を達成するための請求項１に係る本発明の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置は、経時的に変形する膨潤性材料を支持する支持基台と、前記支持基台に支持された前記膨潤性材料を所定の状態に押圧する押圧手段と、前記押圧手段による押圧方向における前記膨潤性材料の移動量を検出する移動量検出手段と、前記支持基台に支持された前記膨潤性材料から生じる圧力を検出する圧力検出手段と、前記移動量検出手段、前記圧力検出手段の情報、前記膨潤性材料が配される周囲環境の物性の情報、前記押圧手段の動作の情報に基づいて、前記周囲環境における前記膨潤性材料の状況を把握する制御手段とを備え、前記制御手段では、前記圧力検出手段で検出される前記膨潤性材料の圧力が入力され、前記周囲環境の物性に基づいて、前記圧力における前記膨潤性材料の前記周囲環境で予想される変形量を求め、前記膨潤性材料の変形量が前記変形量に一致するように前記押圧手段を動作させ、前記押圧手段を動作させた後の前記膨潤性材料の変形量が、前記圧力検出手段で検出された前記圧力の変化に応じた前記膨潤性材料の変形量に等しくなるようにすることを特徴とする。 The apparatus for evaluating the behavior of a swellable material according to claim 1 of the present invention for achieving the above object comprises a support base for supporting a swellable material that is deformed over time, and the support base that is supported by the support base. From the pressing means for pressing the swellable material in a predetermined state, the moving amount detecting means for detecting the moving amount of the swellable material in the pressing direction by the pressing means, and the swellable material supported by the support base Based on the pressure detection means for detecting the generated pressure, the movement amount detection means, the information on the pressure detection means, the information on the physical properties of the surrounding environment where the swellable material is disposed, the information on the operation of the pressing means, e Bei and control means to grasp the situation of the swellable material in the surrounding environment, in the control unit, the pressure of the swellable material to be detected by the pressure detection means is input, based on the physical properties of the surrounding environment The above After obtaining the expected deformation amount of the swellable material in the surrounding environment in force, operating the pressing means so that the deformation amount of the swellable material matches the deformation amount, and operating the pressing means The deformation amount of the swellable material is equal to the deformation amount of the swellable material according to the change in the pressure detected by the pressure detecting means .

請求項１に係る本発明では、圧力検出手段で膨潤性材料から生じる圧力が検出され、周囲環境の物性に基づいて、圧力に対応する膨潤性材料の変位量（岩盤の変位量と同等）が計算により求められ、計算された変位量に一致するように膨潤性材料が押圧される状態に押圧手段が動作されて、圧力の値が変化する。膨潤性材料の圧力、変位量を的確に把握することで、一つの装置で、膨潤性材料の特性が幅広く評価される。特に、周囲環境の変形等を考慮して膨潤性材料の特性が評価される。
そして、移動量検出手段を用いて膨潤性材料の変形量を測定しながら圧力検出手段で検出される圧力における膨潤性材料の変形量に一致するように押圧手段を動作させて膨潤性材料を変形させるため、機器の歪等に拘わらず膨潤性材料の変位を的確に再現することができる。 In the present invention according to claim 1, pressure generated from the swellable material is detected by the pressure detection means, and based on the physical properties of the surrounding environment, the displacement amount of the swellable material corresponding to the pressure (equivalent to the displacement amount of the rock mass) is obtained. The pressing means is operated so that the swellable material is pressed so as to match the calculated displacement amount, and the pressure value changes. By accurately grasping the pressure and displacement of the swellable material, the characteristics of the swellable material can be widely evaluated with a single device. In particular, the characteristics of the swellable material are evaluated in consideration of the deformation of the surrounding environment.
Then, while measuring the deformation amount of the swellable material using the movement amount detection means, the pressing means is operated so as to match the deformation amount of the swellable material at the pressure detected by the pressure detection means, and the swellable material is deformed. Therefore, the displacement of the swellable material can be accurately reproduced regardless of the distortion of the device.

そして、請求項２に係る本発明の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置は、請求項１に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置において、前記周囲環境は、被覆対象物を隔離するための地下環境材（例えば、岩盤）であり、前記膨潤性材料は、前記被覆対象物を覆って前記地下環境材に設置される膨潤性材料であることを特徴とする。   A behavior evaluation test apparatus for a swellable material according to a second aspect of the present invention is the behavior evaluation test apparatus for a swellable material according to the first aspect, wherein the surrounding environment is an underground for isolating the object to be coated. It is an environmental material (for example, rock), and the swellable material is a swellable material that covers the object to be covered and is installed in the underground environmental material.

請求項２に係る本発明では、周辺環境である地下環境材（岩盤等）の変形等を考慮した状態で、即ち、膨潤性材料が岩盤等に接して配された状態で岩盤等の変形等に応じて生じる膨潤性材料の挙動（膨潤特性）が評価される。   In the present invention according to claim 2, the deformation of the bedrock or the like in a state in which the deformation of the underground environmental material (the bedrock or the like) which is the surrounding environment is taken into consideration, that is, the state in which the swellable material is arranged in contact with the bedrock or the like. The behavior (swelling characteristics) of the swellable material produced according to the above is evaluated.

尚、移動量検出手段としては、例えば、非接触型変位計が用いられ、試験体である膨潤性材料の中に埋め込んで配置することが好ましい。膨潤性材料の中に非接触型変位計を埋め込むことで、機器の歪等を確実に排除して膨潤性材料の変位を的確に再現することができる。   In addition, as a movement amount detection means, for example, a non-contact type displacement meter is used, and it is preferable to embed and arrange in a swellable material as a test body. By embedding a non-contact displacement meter in the swellable material, it is possible to accurately eliminate the distortion of the device and accurately reproduce the displacement of the swellable material.

また、請求項３に係る本発明の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置は、請求項１もしくは請求項２に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置において、前記膨潤性材料に水を供給する給水手段を備え、前記膨潤性材料から生じる圧力は、前記給水手段で前記膨潤性材料に給水を行った際の膨潤に伴い生じる圧力であることを特徴とする。 A swellable material behavior evaluation test apparatus according to claim 3 of the present invention is the swellable material behavior evaluation test apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein water is supplied to the swellable material. And the pressure generated from the swellable material is a pressure generated by swelling when the water supply means supplies water to the swellable material.

請求項３に係る本発明では、膨潤性材料に水を供給した際の膨潤による圧力に基づいて膨潤性材料の環境場における特性（膨潤特性）が評価される。 In this invention which concerns on Claim 3 , the characteristic (swelling characteristic) in the environmental field of a swellable material is evaluated based on the pressure by the swelling at the time of supplying water to a swellable material.

また、請求項４に係る本発明の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置は、請求項３に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置において、前記支持基台は、前記膨潤性材料を一方向に変位するように支持する基台であり、前記押圧手段は、前記膨潤性材料を一方向の任意の位置に押圧するピストンであることを特徴とする。 Further, the behavior evaluation test apparatus for a swellable material according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the behavior evaluation test apparatus for the swellable material according to the third aspect , wherein the support base has the swellable material in one direction. It is a base which supports so that it may displace, The said press means is a piston which presses the said swellable material to the arbitrary positions of one direction, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

請求項４に係る本発明では、一方向に変形するように膨潤性材料を基台に支持し、ピストンにより一方向の任意の位置に膨潤性材料を押圧することができる。即ち、環境場の変形に応じた状態になるように、ピストンを動作させて膨潤性材料を変形させることができる。 In this invention which concerns on Claim 4 , a swellable material is supported by a base so that it may deform | transform in one direction, and a swellable material can be pressed to the arbitrary positions of one direction with a piston. That is, the swellable material can be deformed by operating the piston so as to be in a state corresponding to the deformation of the environmental field.

基台は、膨潤性材料を一方向に変位するように支持するため、装置全体の変形を抑制することができる。   Since the base supports the swellable material so as to be displaced in one direction, the deformation of the entire apparatus can be suppressed.

環境場では、海水、コンクリート、地熱などを原因として、地下水の塩濃度、ｐＨ、温度が変化する可能性がある。基台を取り外し自在にし、塩、高ｐＨ、高温の溶液で基台を前処理することで、地下水の塩濃度、ｐＨ、温度の変化を再現することができる。このため、塩、高ｐＨ、高温の溶液を膨潤性材料に通水して膨潤性材料の膨潤特性（膨潤圧、膨潤変形量）を把握することができ、環境場における膨潤性材料の挙動を一層厳密に評価することができる。   In an environmental field, the salt concentration, pH, and temperature of groundwater may change due to seawater, concrete, geothermal heat, and the like. By making the base freely removable and pretreating the base with a salt, high pH, and high temperature solution, changes in salt concentration, pH, and temperature of groundwater can be reproduced. For this reason, salt, high pH, and high-temperature solutions can be passed through the swellable material to determine the swelling properties (swelling pressure and swelling deformation) of the swellable material, and the behavior of the swellable material in the environment It can be evaluated more strictly.

上記目的を達成するための請求項５に係る本発明の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法は、経時的に変形する膨潤性材料を一方向に変形自在に支持し、前記膨潤性材料が膨潤した後の圧力を検出し、前記膨潤性材料が配される周囲環境の物性に基づいて、前記圧力における前記膨潤性材料の変形量を求め、前記膨潤性材料が前記変形量に一致するように前記膨潤性材料を押圧し、前記圧力をもとに計算された変形量と押圧後に実際に計測される変形量が等しくなるようにすることを特徴とする。 The method for evaluating the behavior of a swellable material of the present invention according to claim 5 for achieving the above object is to support a swellable material that deforms over time in a unidirectionally deformable manner, and the swellable material swells. A later pressure is detected, and the amount of deformation of the swellable material at the pressure is determined based on the physical properties of the surrounding environment where the swellable material is disposed, and the swellable material matches the amount of deformation. The swellable material is pressed so that the amount of deformation calculated based on the pressure is equal to the amount of deformation actually measured after pressing.

請求項５に係る本発明では、周囲環境の物性に基づいて、膨潤性材料が膨潤した後の圧力における膨潤性材料の変形量を求め、膨潤性材料が変形量に一致するように膨潤性材料を押圧し、圧力と変形量が等しくなるようにするので、周辺環境の変形等を考慮して膨潤性材料の特性を幅広く評価することができる。 In the present invention according to claim 5 , the amount of deformation of the swellable material at the pressure after the swellable material swells is obtained based on the physical properties of the surrounding environment, and the swellable material matches the amount of deformation. Is pressed so that the pressure and the deformation amount are equal, so that the characteristics of the swellable material can be widely evaluated in consideration of the deformation of the surrounding environment.

そして、請求項６に係る本発明の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法は、請求項５に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法において、前記膨潤性材料が膨潤した後の圧力は、前記膨潤性材料に水が供給された際の膨潤による圧力であることを特徴とする。 And the behavior evaluation test method of the swellable material of the present invention according to claim 6 is the behavior evaluation test method of the swellable material according to claim 5 , wherein the pressure after the swelling of the swellable material is the swelling The pressure is due to swelling when water is supplied to the functional material.

請求項６に係る本発明では、膨潤性材料に水を供給した際の膨潤による圧力に基づいて膨潤性材料の環境場における特性（膨潤特性）が評価される。 In this invention which concerns on Claim 6 , the characteristic (swelling characteristic) in the environmental field of a swellable material is evaluated based on the pressure by the swelling at the time of supplying water to a swellable material.

また、請求項７に係る本発明の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法は、請求項６に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法において、膨潤による圧力が検出され、前記周囲環境の物性に基づいて、前記圧力における前記膨潤性材料の膨潤変形量を理論的に求め、前記膨潤性材料に与えられる変形量が前記膨潤変形量に一致するように前記膨潤性材料の一方向への変形を調整し、圧力の検出動作、膨潤変形量を求める動作、変形の調整動作を繰り返すことを特徴とする。 Further, the behavior evaluation test method of swellable material of the present invention according to claim 7, in behavioral evaluation test method of swellable material as claimed in claim 6, the pressure due to swelling is detected, based on the physical properties of the surrounding environment The amount of swelling deformation of the swellable material at the pressure is theoretically obtained, and the deformation in one direction of the swellable material is adjusted so that the amount of deformation given to the swellable material matches the amount of swelling deformation. The pressure detecting operation, the swelling deformation amount calculating operation, and the deformation adjusting operation are repeated.

請求項７に係る本発明では、移動量検出手段を用いて膨潤性材料の変形量を測定しながら膨潤による圧力を受けた周辺環境の変形量に一致するように膨潤性材料の一方向への変形を調整し、それを繰り返すので、機器の歪等に拘わらず膨潤性材料の変形を的確に再現することができる。 In the present invention according to claim 7 , the amount of deformation of the swellable material is measured in one direction so as to coincide with the amount of deformation of the surrounding environment subjected to pressure due to swelling while measuring the amount of deformation of the swellable material using the movement amount detecting means. Since the deformation is adjusted and repeated, the deformation of the swellable material can be accurately reproduced regardless of the distortion of the device.

また、請求項８に係る本発明の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法は、請求項７に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法において、前記膨潤による前記圧力の変化量、及び、前記圧力における前記膨潤性材料の変化量が概ねゼロになった際に試験を終了することを特徴とする。 Further, the behavior evaluation test method for a swellable material of the present invention according to claim 8 is the behavior evaluation test method for a swellable material according to claim 7 , wherein the amount of change in the pressure due to the swelling and the pressure The test is terminated when the amount of change of the swellable material becomes substantially zero.

請求項８に係る本発明では、膨潤性材料の変化量が概ねゼロになった際に、膨潤による圧力の変化量が概ねゼロになって圧力から求められる膨潤性材料の変形量も概ねゼロになるため、試験を終了させる。 In the present invention according to claim 8 , when the amount of change in the swellable material becomes substantially zero, the amount of change in the pressure due to swelling becomes substantially zero, and the amount of deformation of the swellable material obtained from the pressure is also substantially zero. Therefore, the test is terminated.

本発明の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置、及び、膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法は、周辺環境の変形等を考慮して膨潤性材料の特性を幅広く評価することが可能になる。   The apparatus for evaluating the behavior of the swellable material and the method for evaluating the behavior of the swellable material of the present invention can widely evaluate the characteristics of the swellable material in consideration of the deformation of the surrounding environment.

本発明の一実施例に係る膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the behavior evaluation test apparatus of the swelling material which concerns on one Example of this invention. 挙動評価の概略処理フローチャートである。It is a schematic process flowchart of behavior evaluation. 膨潤圧の経時変化を表すグラフである。It is a graph showing a time-dependent change of swelling pressure. 変位量の経時変化を表すグラフである。It is a graph showing the time-dependent change of a displacement amount.

被覆対象物である放射性廃棄物の処分施設では、透水性が極めて低い低透水性材料で放射性廃棄物を覆い、放射性廃棄物と低透水性材料を地下環境材としての岩盤等で隔離する施設が検討されている。低透水性材料として、ベントナイトと砂を混合した材料を用いることが検討されている。   In the disposal facility for radioactive waste, which is the object of coating, there is a facility that covers radioactive waste with a low-permeability material with extremely low water permeability and isolates the radioactive waste and the low-permeability material with a bedrock as an underground environmental material. It is being considered. As a low water permeable material, use of a mixed material of bentonite and sand has been studied.

本発明の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置の一実施例は、膨潤性を有する膨潤性材料として、ベントナイト（ベントナイトと砂を混合した材料）の膨潤特性を評価するための挙動評価試験装置であり、周囲環境としての岩盤等の剛性等の物性に応じた膨潤特性（膨潤圧、膨潤変形量）を評価するための装置である。   One example of a behavior evaluation test apparatus for a swellable material of the present invention is a behavior evaluation test apparatus for evaluating the swelling characteristics of bentonite (a material in which bentonite and sand are mixed) as a swellable material having swellability. It is an apparatus for evaluating swelling characteristics (swelling pressure, swelling deformation amount) according to physical properties such as rigidity of the rock as the surrounding environment.

挙動試験装置では、ベントナイトに給水することによりベントナイトが膨潤した際の膨潤圧力（圧力）が検出され、岩盤の物性に応じて、膨潤圧力が得られるベントナイトの変位量（岩盤の変形に応じたベントナイトの変位量）が求められ、求められた変位量に一致するようにベントナイトに強制変位が与えられ、給水を継続することにより、圧力と変位量とを刻々と把握し、最終的に、圧力をもとに計算される変位量と実際に測定される変位量が等しくなる状態（圧力と変位量の時間変化がゼロとみなせる状態）になるまで試験を行う。   In the behavior test device, the swelling pressure (pressure) when the bentonite swells by supplying water to the bentonite is detected, and the amount of bentonite displacement (the bentonite corresponding to the deformation of the rock mass) is obtained according to the physical properties of the rock mass. The amount of displacement) is determined, and forced displacement is given to the bentonite so as to match the calculated amount of displacement. By continuing water supply, the pressure and the amount of displacement are grasped every moment, and finally the pressure is The test is performed until the originally calculated displacement amount is equal to the actually measured displacement amount (a state in which the time change of the pressure and the displacement amount can be regarded as zero).

必要に応じて、岩盤等からの圧力を一定と仮想し、圧力を一定に維持した状態でベントナイトの膨潤挙動を把握する膨潤変形試験を行うことができる。更に、ベントナイトの体積変化が生じない状態で岩盤側に及ぼす圧力（膨潤圧）の変化を把握する膨潤圧試験を行うことができる。   If necessary, a swelling deformation test can be performed to grasp the swelling behavior of bentonite in a state where the pressure from the rock is assumed to be constant and the pressure is maintained constant. Furthermore, the swelling pressure test which grasps | ascertains the change of the pressure (swelling pressure) which acts on the bedrock side in the state where the volume change of bentonite does not arise can be performed.

これにより、ベントナイトの変位量、圧力が的確に把握され、一つの装置で、ベントナイトの特性を幅広く評価することができる。特に、岩盤の変形等が考慮された状態でベントナイトの特性を幅広く評価することができる。   Thereby, the displacement amount and pressure of bentonite are accurately grasped, and the characteristics of bentonite can be widely evaluated with one apparatus. In particular, the characteristics of bentonite can be widely evaluated in consideration of deformation of the rock mass.

図１に基づいて本発明の一実施例に係る膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置を説明する。   A behavior evaluation test apparatus for a swellable material according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

図１には本発明の一実施例に係る挙動評価試験装置を概略的に表した断面状況を示してある。   FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view schematically showing a behavior evaluation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

挙動評価試験装置１のベース２には膨潤性材料であるベントナイト（ベントナイトと砂を混合した材料）３を保持する支持基台としての基台４が取り外し自在に設けられ、基台４にはベントナイト３が保持される保持部５が形成されている。保持部５の底部位には圧力検出手段としての荷重計６が設けられ、荷重計６の上側には下多孔板７が配され、下多孔板７の上にベントナイト３が載置される。保持部５には、ベントナイト３が下多孔板７の上に設置された状態で、ベントナイト３の上面に配される上多孔板８が配されている。   The base 2 of the behavior evaluation test apparatus 1 is detachably provided with a base 4 as a support base for holding bentonite (a material in which bentonite and sand are mixed) 3 which is a swellable material. A holding portion 5 for holding 3 is formed. A load meter 6 as pressure detecting means is provided at the bottom portion of the holding portion 5, a lower porous plate 7 is disposed above the load meter 6, and the bentonite 3 is placed on the lower porous plate 7. An upper porous plate 8 disposed on the upper surface of the bentonite 3 is disposed in the holding unit 5 in a state where the bentonite 3 is installed on the lower porous plate 7.

上多孔板８の下面側には移動量検出手段としての非接触型変位計１１が配され、非接触型変位計１１はベントナイト３に埋め込まれた状態で取り付けられている。非接触型変位計１１の下端に対向して下多孔板７の上面側には非接触型変位計１１で検出される検出部１２が設けられている。非接触型変位計１１により検出部１２を検出することで、非接触型変位計１１から検出部１２までの隙間量、即ち、ベントナイト３の上面の上下方向の位置（高さ）が検出される。   On the lower surface side of the upper porous plate 8, a non-contact type displacement meter 11 as a movement amount detecting means is disposed, and the non-contact type displacement meter 11 is attached in a state embedded in the bentonite 3. A detection unit 12 that is detected by the non-contact displacement meter 11 is provided on the upper surface side of the lower porous plate 7 so as to face the lower end of the non-contact displacement meter 11. By detecting the detection unit 12 with the non-contact type displacement meter 11, the amount of gap from the non-contact type displacement meter 11 to the detection unit 12, that is, the vertical position (height) of the upper surface of the bentonite 3 is detected. .

非接触型変位計１１はベントナイト３に埋め込まれた状態で取り付けられているので、挙動評価試験装置１の機器の歪等を確実に排除してベントナイト３の変位量を検出することができ、機器の全体の歪等を無視してベントナイト３の変位を的確に検出（再現）することができる。   Since the non-contact type displacement meter 11 is attached in a state embedded in the bentonite 3, the displacement of the bentonite 3 can be detected by reliably eliminating distortion of the device of the behavior evaluation test apparatus 1, and the like. It is possible to accurately detect (reproduce) the displacement of the bentonite 3 while ignoring the entire distortion of the bentonite.

基台４の周囲のベース２には一対の支柱１５が設けられ、支柱１５に亘りアーム柱１６が掛け渡されている。保持部５に対応する位置のアーム柱１６には、押圧手段２１が設けられている。押圧手段２１は、アーム柱１６に固定される駆動部２２（モータ）を備え、駆動部２２の駆動によりピストン２３が上下方向に移動して上多孔板８（ベントナイト３）が所定の状態に押し付けられる（押圧される）。   A pair of support columns 15 are provided on the base 2 around the base 4, and arm columns 16 are stretched over the support columns 15. A pressing means 21 is provided on the arm column 16 at a position corresponding to the holding portion 5. The pressing means 21 includes a drive unit 22 (motor) fixed to the arm column 16, and the piston 23 moves in the vertical direction by driving the drive unit 22, and the upper porous plate 8 (bentonite 3) is pressed into a predetermined state. (Pressed).

基台４は、ベントナイト３を一方向（上方向）に変位するように支持する基台とされ、押圧手段２１は、ベントナイト３を一方向（下方向）の任意の位置に押圧するピストン２３が備えられている。つまり、環境場の変形に応じた圧力の状態になるように、ピストン２３を動作させてベントナイト３を変位させることができる。   The base 4 is a base that supports the bentonite 3 so as to be displaced in one direction (upward), and the pressing means 21 has a piston 23 that presses the bentonite 3 in an arbitrary position in one direction (downward). Is provided. That is, the bentonite 3 can be displaced by operating the piston 23 so that the pressure is in accordance with the deformation of the environmental field.

基台４は、ベントナイト３を一方向のみに変位するように支持するため、その一方向の変位さえ制御できれば、挙動評価試験装置１の全体の変形を抑制することができる。また、基台４が取り外し自在になっているので、別の場所や環境条件にて塩、高ｐＨ、高温の溶液で基台４を前処理することができ、後述する給水を行う際に、塩、高ｐＨ、高温の溶液をベントナイト３に通水してベントナイト３の膨潤特性（膨潤圧、膨潤変形量）を把握することができる。   Since the base 4 supports the bentonite 3 so as to be displaced in only one direction, the entire deformation of the behavior evaluation test apparatus 1 can be suppressed as long as the displacement in the one direction can be controlled. In addition, since the base 4 is removable, the base 4 can be pretreated with a salt, high pH, high temperature solution in another place or environmental condition. The salt, high pH, and high temperature solution can be passed through the bentonite 3 to grasp the swelling characteristics (swelling pressure and swelling deformation amount) of the bentonite 3.

下多孔板７には給水ライン２５が接続され、上多孔板８には給水手段としての排水ライン２６が接続されている。下多孔板７と上多孔板８にベントナイト３が挟持されている状態で、給水ライン２５から給水を行うことで、ベントナイト３に水が底面から均等に送られてベントナイト３が膨潤し、余分な水が排水ライン２６から排出される。   A water supply line 25 is connected to the lower porous plate 7, and a drain line 26 as a water supply means is connected to the upper porous plate 8. By supplying water from the water supply line 25 in a state where the bentonite 3 is sandwiched between the lower porous plate 7 and the upper porous plate 8, the bentonite 3 is swelled by the water being evenly sent to the bentonite 3 from the bottom surface. Water is discharged from the drain line 26.

押圧手段２１の駆動部２２は、制御装置３１の指示信号に基づいて駆動される。制御装置３１の指示により、ピストン２３が上下方向に移動制御され、ベントナイト３が所定の状態に押圧される。制御装置３１の指示信号に基づいて給水ライン２５からの給水（排水ライン２６からの排水）が制御される。   The driving unit 22 of the pressing unit 21 is driven based on an instruction signal from the control device 31. In response to an instruction from the control device 31, the piston 23 is controlled to move up and down, and the bentonite 3 is pressed into a predetermined state. Water supply from the water supply line 25 (drainage from the drainage line 26) is controlled based on an instruction signal from the control device 31.

制御装置３１には、荷重計６の検出情報、非接触型変位計１１の検出情報が入力される。そして、制御装置３１には、ベントナイト３が配される周囲環境である岩盤等の物性の情報（例えば、弾性係数Ｅ）が記憶されている。   Detection information of the load cell 6 and detection information of the non-contact displacement meter 11 are input to the control device 31. The control device 31 stores physical property information (for example, elastic modulus E) of the bedrock that is the surrounding environment where the bentonite 3 is disposed.

つまり、ベントナイト３に所定の給水を行った状態で、荷重計６で膨潤圧力（変位圧力）が検出され、岩盤等の物性に基づいて、圧力変化に応じたベントナイト３の変位量が求められ、変位量に一致する状態にベントナイト３が変位するように押圧手段２１が動作される。即ち、ベントナイト３の圧力変化に対する変形量が岩盤等の変形量と対応する形で再現される。   That is, in a state in which a predetermined amount of water is supplied to the bentonite 3, a swelling pressure (displacement pressure) is detected by the load meter 6, and the amount of displacement of the bentonite 3 according to the pressure change is obtained based on the physical properties of the bedrock, The pressing means 21 is operated so that the bentonite 3 is displaced so as to coincide with the amount of displacement. That is, the deformation amount with respect to the pressure change of the bentonite 3 is reproduced in a form corresponding to the deformation amount of the bedrock or the like.

このため、岩盤等の物性に応じて、ベントナイト３の圧力、変位量の変化を的確に把握することで、一つの装置で、ベントナイト３の特性が幅広く評価することができる。特に、岩盤の変形等を考慮してベントナイト３の特性を評価することができる。   For this reason, the characteristics of bentonite 3 can be widely evaluated with a single device by accurately grasping changes in the pressure and displacement of bentonite 3 according to the physical properties of the bedrock and the like. In particular, the characteristics of bentonite 3 can be evaluated in consideration of deformation of the rock mass.

挙動評価を行う際には、図１に示した状態にベントナイト３がセットされる。即ち、下多孔板７と上多孔板８にベントナイト３が挟持され、押圧手段２１の駆動部２２の駆動によりピストン２３が駆動され、非接触型変位計１１の検出値に基づいて、上多孔板８の位置（ベントナイト３の上面の位置）が所定位置に設定される。   When performing behavior evaluation, bentonite 3 is set in the state shown in FIG. That is, the bentonite 3 is sandwiched between the lower porous plate 7 and the upper porous plate 8, and the piston 23 is driven by the drive unit 22 of the pressing means 21, and the upper porous plate is based on the detected value of the non-contact displacement meter 11. The position 8 (the position of the upper surface of the bentonite 3) is set to a predetermined position.

ベントナイト３を所定の状態にセットした状態で、給水ライン２５から給水を行ってベントナイト３を膨潤させ、ベントナイト３の挙動を評価する。   With the bentonite 3 set in a predetermined state, water is supplied from the water supply line 25 to swell the bentonite 3, and the behavior of the bentonite 3 is evaluated.

図２から図４に基づいて挙動評価のための試験方法の概略を説明する。   An outline of a test method for behavior evaluation will be described with reference to FIGS.

図２には挙動評価試験装置における挙動評価の概略処理の流れ、図３には膨潤圧の経時変化、図４には変位量の経時変化を示してある。   FIG. 2 shows a flow of a schematic process of behavior evaluation in the behavior evaluation test apparatus, FIG. 3 shows a change with time of swelling pressure, and FIG. 4 shows a change with time of displacement.

図２に示すように、ステップＳ１で岩盤等の物性の情報（例えば、弾性係数Ｅ）が読み込まれる。ステップＳ２で給水が開始され、初期の圧力で保持されたベントナイト３に水が供給され、ベントナイト３が膨潤する。所定時間が経過した後、ステップＳ３で荷重計６の情報（膨潤圧力の増加）が読み込まれる（ΔＰ）。つまり、鉛直方向に膨潤した際の圧力の増加ΔＰが読み込まれる。ベントナイト３の高さも同時に読み込まれる。   As shown in FIG. 2, physical property information (for example, elastic coefficient E) of the rock is read in step S1. In step S2, water supply is started, water is supplied to the bentonite 3 held at the initial pressure, and the bentonite 3 swells. After a predetermined time has elapsed, in step S3, information on the load cell 6 (increase in swelling pressure) is read (ΔP). That is, an increase ΔP in pressure when it swells in the vertical direction is read. The height of bentonite 3 is also read at the same time.

ステップＳ４で、ベントナイト３の高さ、ならびに、ΔＰと弾性係数Ｅに基づいて岩盤等の物性に応じてΔＰが発生する変位量ΔＬが演算される。即ち、ΔＰが発生したときに、岩盤等の物性に応じてベントナイト３がどの程度膨張して変位するか（岩盤等が変形してベントナイト３がどの程度変位するか）の変位量ΔＬが演算される。ここでは、ひずみを算出するために、各時刻におけるベントナイト３の高さも使用する。   In step S4, based on the height of bentonite 3 and ΔP and elastic modulus E, a displacement amount ΔL that generates ΔP according to the physical properties of the rock mass or the like is calculated. That is, when ΔP occurs, the amount of displacement ΔL of how much the bentonite 3 expands and displaces according to the physical properties of the bedrock or the like (how much the bentonite 3 is displaced by the deformation of the bedrock etc.) is calculated. The Here, in order to calculate strain, the height of bentonite 3 at each time is also used.

ステップＳ５で、押圧手段２１の駆動部２２を駆動し、ピストン２３を上昇させて変位量ΔＬが得られるようにベントナイト３の押圧を制御する。変位量ΔＬは非接触型変位計１１の検出情報に基づいてフィードバック制御される。これにより、岩盤等に隔離された状態での岩盤等の変形に応じたベントナイト３の変位の状態を再現することができる。   In step S5, the drive part 22 of the pressing means 21 is driven, the piston 23 is raised, and the pressing of the bentonite 3 is controlled so that the displacement amount ΔL is obtained. The displacement amount ΔL is feedback controlled based on the detection information of the non-contact displacement meter 11. Thereby, the displacement state of the bentonite 3 according to deformation of the bedrock etc. in the state isolated by the bedrock etc. can be reproduced.

ステップＳ６で、変位量ΔＬとΔＰがほぼゼロになっているか否かが判断される。つまり、岩盤等からの反力（圧力ΔＰ）から算出される変位量ΔＬがほとんどゼロか（岩盤等からの反力、膨潤による変形がなくなっているか）が判断される。   In step S6, it is determined whether or not the displacement amounts ΔL and ΔP are substantially zero. That is, it is determined whether the displacement amount ΔL calculated from the reaction force (pressure ΔP) from the bedrock or the like is almost zero (reaction force from the bedrock or the like, deformation due to swelling is eliminated).

ステップＳ６で、変位量ΔＬとΔＰがほぼゼロになっていないと判断された場合、ステップＳ３からの処理を繰り返り、ステップＳ６で、変位量ΔＬとΔＰがほぼゼロになっていると判断された場合、処理が終了となる。   If it is determined in step S6 that the displacement amounts ΔL and ΔP are not substantially zero, the processing from step S3 is repeated, and in step S6, it is determined that the displacement amounts ΔL and ΔP are substantially zero. If this is the case, the process ends.

このため、岩盤等の特性に応じて、ベントナイト３の変位量、圧力が的確に把握され、岩盤の変形等が考慮された状態でベントナイト３の特性を評価することができる。   For this reason, the displacement amount and pressure of the bentonite 3 are accurately grasped according to the characteristics of the rock mass and the like, and the characteristics of the bentonite 3 can be evaluated in a state where the deformation of the rock mass is taken into consideration.

図３に示すように、岩盤等の弾性係数が大きい場合（実線）、弾性係数が小さい場合（点線）に比べ、膨潤圧が大きくなる結果が得られる。また、図４に示すように、岩盤等の弾性係数が大きい場合（実線）、弾性係数が小さい場合（点線）に比べ、変位量が小さくなる結果が得られる。   As shown in FIG. 3, the result that the swelling pressure is larger is obtained when the elastic coefficient of the rock mass is large (solid line) than when the elastic coefficient is small (dotted line). In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the displacement amount is smaller when the elastic coefficient of the rock is large (solid line) than when the elastic coefficient is small (dotted line).

このように、岩盤等が異なると、同じベントナイト３であっても膨潤圧、変位量が異なるため、岩盤等の物性を考慮することで、適用する場所におけるベントナイト３の特性を的確に評価することができる。   In this way, if the bedrock is different, the swelling pressure and displacement amount are different even for the same bentonite 3. Therefore, the characteristics of the bentonite 3 at the place to be applied should be accurately evaluated by considering the physical properties of the bedrock. Can do.

上述した挙動評価試験装置で、押圧手段２１の駆動状況を制御することで、反力が一定の状態でベントナイト３がどのように変形するかの試験（膨潤変形試験）を実施することができる。また、押圧手段２１の駆動状況を制御することで、膨潤させてもベントナイト３が変形しない状態に押圧手段２１を駆動させ、周辺環境からの反力がどのように変化するか（膨潤圧試験）を実施することができる。   By controlling the driving state of the pressing means 21 with the behavior evaluation test apparatus described above, it is possible to carry out a test (swelling deformation test) on how the bentonite 3 is deformed while the reaction force is constant. Moreover, by controlling the driving state of the pressing means 21, the pressing means 21 is driven so that the bentonite 3 is not deformed even if it is swollen, and how the reaction force from the surrounding environment changes (swelling pressure test). Can be implemented.

上述した挙動評価試験装置での具体的な試験方法の手順を以下に示す。   The procedure of a specific test method in the behavior evaluation test apparatus described above is shown below.

試験を開始するに際し、以下の手順で事前準備を行う。   Before starting the test, make the following preparations in advance.

非接触型変位計１１を挿入する穴を確保した試験体（ベントナイト３）を作製する。試験体（ベントナイト３）と同等の硬質、中空のダミー供試体を作製する。ダミー供試体を挙動評価試験装置にセットし、ピストン２３を一定圧力でダミー供試体に押し付けて接触させる。非接触型変位計１１と検出部１２の間に所定の隙間（例えば、０.０５ｍｍ）が生じるように、非接触型変位計１１をピストン２３に挿入して固定する。この状態の非接触型変位計１１の位置が基準となる。   A specimen (bentonite 3) in which a hole for inserting the non-contact displacement gauge 11 is secured is produced. A hard and hollow dummy specimen similar to the specimen (bentonite 3) is prepared. The dummy specimen is set in the behavior evaluation test apparatus, and the piston 23 is pressed against the dummy specimen at a constant pressure and brought into contact with the dummy specimen. The non-contact displacement meter 11 is inserted into the piston 23 and fixed so that a predetermined gap (for example, 0.05 mm) is generated between the non-contact displacement meter 11 and the detection unit 12. The position of the non-contact displacement meter 11 in this state is a reference.

ダミー供試体と試験体（ベントナイト３）を入れ替え、ピストン２３を試験体（ベントナイト３）に一定圧力で押し付けて接触させる。非接触型変位計１１の基準位置からのずれを計測し、試験体（ベントナイト３）の高さを補正する。試験体（ベントナイト３）を押し付ける圧力が一定圧力となるように機械制御し、非接触型変位計１１の値が時間の経過に拘わらず概ね一定になるまで待機する。つまり、試験体（ベントナイト３）が湿度で膨潤変形する分を見極め、給水した後の挙動と混同しないようにするために待機する。   The dummy specimen and the specimen (bentonite 3) are exchanged, and the piston 23 is pressed against the specimen (bentonite 3) at a constant pressure and brought into contact therewith. The deviation from the reference position of the non-contact type displacement meter 11 is measured, and the height of the test body (bentonite 3) is corrected. Machine control is performed so that the pressure for pressing the test body (bentonite 3) becomes a constant pressure, and the apparatus waits until the value of the non-contact displacement meter 11 becomes substantially constant regardless of the passage of time. That is, the test specimen (bentonite 3) is determined to swell and deform due to humidity, and waits so as not to be confused with the behavior after water supply.

挙動評価試験装置は次のＡ、Ｂの状況での使用が可能になっている。
Ａ.例えば、極めて剛性が高い金属容器の中で、試料が吸水膨潤することを想定する場合、非接触型変位計１１の値が変化しないように変位制御して給水を開始する。
Ｂ.例えば、岩盤やコンクリートのような変形性を有する材料に囲まれた状態で試料が吸水膨潤を想定する場合、ピストン２３が試験体（ベントナイト３）を押す圧力を上述した概略の処理のようにして制御して給水を開始する。 The behavior evaluation test apparatus can be used in the following situations A and B.
A. For example, when it is assumed that the sample swells with water in a highly rigid metal container, water supply is started by controlling the displacement so that the value of the non-contact displacement meter 11 does not change.
B. For example, when the sample is assumed to swell due to water absorption in a state surrounded by a deformable material such as bedrock or concrete, the pressure by which the piston 23 presses the test body (bentonite 3) is as in the above-described general process. Control and start water supply.

Ｂの状況での処理は、前述した処理フローで概略を説明したが、処理の流れ（具体的な方法）は以下の通りである。   The processing in the situation B has been outlined in the processing flow described above, but the processing flow (specific method) is as follows.

（１）岩盤やコンクリート等の剛性（物性）として、弾性係数Ｅを制御装置に記憶させ、想定される最大の膨潤圧から弾性係数Ｅを用いて最終的に生じるひずみ量（変位量ΔＬ）を計算する。荷重測定の時間間隔ΔＴを設定する。 (1) The elastic modulus E is stored in the control device as the rigidity (physical properties) of the bedrock or concrete, and the strain amount (displacement amount ΔL) finally generated from the assumed maximum swelling pressure using the elastic modulus E is calculated. calculate. Set the load measurement time interval ΔT.

（２）時間間隔ΔＴにおける膨潤圧の増加ΔＰと弾性係数Ｅ、及び、試験体（ベントナイト３）の大きさ（高さ）から、ΔＰにより岩盤やコンクリート等が押し込まれると類推される変位量ΔＬが理論的に算出される。 (2) The amount of displacement ΔL that is estimated when rock or concrete is pushed in by ΔP from the increase ΔP in swelling pressure and elastic modulus E in the time interval ΔT and the size (height) of the specimen (bentonite 3). Is calculated theoretically.

尚、膨潤圧ΔＰは、吸水の初期に膨潤圧の増加が著しいと想定される場合、膨潤圧の最大値とそこに至るまでの時間を仮定し、１回の測定で得られる荷重増加分が大きくなり過ぎないように設定する。必要に応じて、荷重増加分が荷重計６の最小分解能より小さくならないように荷重測定の時間間隔を再設定することができる。   When the swelling pressure ΔP is assumed to increase significantly at the initial stage of water absorption, the maximum value of the swelling pressure and the time to reach it are assumed, and the load increase obtained by one measurement is Set it not to become too large. If necessary, the load measurement time interval can be reset so that the load increase does not become smaller than the minimum resolution of the load cell 6.

（３）ひずみ量（変位量ΔＬ）の分だけ、非接触型変位計１１の位置を補正する。つまり、ピストン２３を上昇させて変位量ΔＬが得られるように試験体（ベントナイト３）の押圧を制御する。変位量ΔＬは非接触型変位計１１でフィードバック制御され、実際に岩盤やコンクリート等が変位した状態が再現される。 (3) The position of the non-contact displacement meter 11 is corrected by the amount of strain (displacement amount ΔL). That is, the pressing of the test body (bentonite 3) is controlled so that the piston 23 is raised to obtain the displacement amount ΔL. The displacement amount ΔL is feedback-controlled by the non-contact type displacement meter 11 to reproduce a state in which the rock mass or concrete is actually displaced.

（４）時間間隔ΔＴが経過した後、（２）の手順を繰り返す。ΔＰ、ひずみ量（変位量ΔＬ）が概ねゼロになるまで繰り返され、反力と変位が釣り合ったら（岩盤やコンクリートなどから想定される反力、膨潤による変位がなくなったら）試験を終了する。つまり、時間間隔ΔＴにおけるΔＰが十分に小さくなったら試験を終了する。 (4) After the time interval ΔT has elapsed, the procedure of (2) is repeated. The process is repeated until ΔP and the amount of strain (displacement amount ΔL) become substantially zero. When the reaction force and the displacement are balanced (when the reaction force assumed from the rock or concrete disappears and the displacement due to swelling disappears), the test is terminated. That is, the test is terminated when ΔP in the time interval ΔT becomes sufficiently small.

ここで、時間間隔ΔＴが短すぎると、ひずみ量（変位量ΔＬ）を補正した際に生じる負圧を荷重計６が検出し、非接触型変位計１１の位置の補正が収束しないことが考えられる。この場合は、時間間隔ΔＴを長く設定する。   Here, it is considered that if the time interval ΔT is too short, the load meter 6 detects the negative pressure generated when the strain amount (displacement amount ΔL) is corrected, and the correction of the position of the non-contact displacement meter 11 does not converge. It is done. In this case, the time interval ΔT is set long.

また、弾性係数Ｅを小さく設定しすぎると、非接触型変位計１１の一度の補正量が大きくなり、荷重計６が検出する負圧が大きくなるため、非接触型変位計１１の位置の補正が収束しないことが考えられる。この場合は、弾性係数Ｅを大きく設定するか、時間間隔ΔＴを小さくする。   If the elastic coefficient E is set too small, the correction amount of the non-contact displacement meter 11 increases once, and the negative pressure detected by the load meter 6 increases, so that the position of the non-contact displacement meter 11 is corrected. May not converge. In this case, the elastic coefficient E is set large or the time interval ΔT is reduced.

上述したように、本発明の挙動評価試験装置は、マイクロメートルレベルの微小変位制御により、岩盤やコンクリート等の剛性を模擬し、ベントナイトの挙動評価試験を行うことができる。挙動評価試験装置における微小変位制御は、ナノメートル、ミリメートルのレベルで行うことも可能である。   As described above, the behavior evaluation test apparatus of the present invention can perform the behavior evaluation test of bentonite by simulating the rigidity of a rock mass or concrete by micro displacement control at a micrometer level. The minute displacement control in the behavior evaluation test apparatus can be performed at the nanometer and millimeter level.

即ち、微小変位測定に際しては、装置全体、あるいは、装置の各部のひずみを無視してベントナイト３の高さだけを測定するために、ベントナイト３に非接触型変位計１１を埋め込むことで測定精度を確保している。そして、実環境において岩盤やコンクリート等に生じ得るひずみを計算し、ひずみに基づいて変位を自動的に制御している。また、拘束圧力を一定にした膨潤変形試験、変位を拘束することによる膨潤圧試験を行うことも可能になっている。   That is, when measuring the minute displacement, the measurement accuracy is improved by embedding the non-contact displacement meter 11 in the bentonite 3 in order to measure only the height of the bentonite 3 ignoring the strain of the entire device or each part of the device. Secured. Then, the strain that can occur in the rock or concrete in the actual environment is calculated, and the displacement is automatically controlled based on the strain. It is also possible to perform a swelling deformation test with a constant restraining pressure and a swelling pressure test by restraining displacement.

そして、本発明の挙動評価試験方法は、岩盤やコンクリート等の硬さを機械的に再現し、様々な剛性を有する岩盤やコンクリートに接する膨潤性の試験体（ベントナイト３）の挙動を的確に再現することができる。   The behavior evaluation test method of the present invention mechanically reproduces the hardness of rock or concrete, and accurately reproduces the behavior of a swellable specimen (bentonite 3) in contact with rock or concrete having various rigidity. can do.

即ち、試験体（ベントナイト３）が吸水し始めた直後から微小時間当たりの圧力増加を計測し、岩盤やコンクリート等の力学物性値を用いた計算により、圧力増加分により岩盤やコンクリート等に生じるひずみを瞬時に求め、ひずみ相当の変位を試験体（ベントナイト３）にフィードバックしている。そして、吸水膨潤特有の非線形の圧力増加過程を考慮した測定感度で、フィードバックの繰り返し制御を行っている。   That is, immediately after the specimen (bentonite 3) begins to absorb water, the pressure increase per minute time is measured, and the calculation using the mechanical properties of the rock mass and concrete results in the strain generated in the rock mass and concrete due to the pressure increase. Is obtained instantaneously, and the displacement equivalent to the strain is fed back to the specimen (bentonite 3). The feedback is repeatedly controlled with the measurement sensitivity in consideration of the non-linear pressure increase process peculiar to water absorption swelling.

また、岩盤やコンクリート等に亀裂や隙間が生じることが想定されるため、急激な拘束圧力低下や強制変位を作用させることにより、これらの減少を調べることができる。   In addition, since cracks and gaps are assumed to occur in bedrock, concrete, etc., these reductions can be examined by applying a rapid restraint pressure drop or forced displacement.

このため、実環境において予想される膨潤特性を取得してデータベースとの対応関係を得ることができ、試験体（ベントナイト３）の挙動評価の精度を格段に高めることができる。そして、例えば、放射性廃棄物や産業廃棄物等の処分施設の処分環境におけるベントナイトと岩盤等の相互作用や、法面の補強環境におけるコンクリート等と土砂との力学的な相互作用を的確に評価することができる。   For this reason, the swelling characteristic anticipated in a real environment can be acquired, the correspondence with a database can be obtained, and the precision of the behavior evaluation of a test body (bentonite 3) can be raised significantly. And, for example, accurately evaluate the interaction between bentonite and bedrock in the disposal environment of disposal facilities such as radioactive waste and industrial waste, and the mechanical interaction between concrete and earth and sand in the sloped environment. be able to.

従って、上述した膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置１、及び、膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法を用いることで、周辺環境の変形等を考慮して膨潤性材料の特性を幅広く評価することが可能になる。   Therefore, by using the behavior evaluation test apparatus 1 for the swellable material and the behavior evaluation test method for the swellable material described above, it is possible to widely evaluate the characteristics of the swellable material in consideration of the deformation of the surrounding environment. become.

本発明は、膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置及び膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法の産業分野で利用することができる。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION This invention can be utilized in the industrial field of the behavior evaluation test apparatus of a swellable material, and the behavior evaluation test method of a swellable material.

１ 挙動評価試験装置
２ ベース
３ ベントナイト
４ 基台
５ 保持部
６ 荷重計
７ 下多孔板
８ 上多孔板
１１ 非接触型変位計
１２ 検出部
１５ 支柱
１６ アーム柱
２１ 押圧手段
２２ 駆動部
２３ ピストン
２５ 給水ライン
２６ 排水ライン
３１ 制御装置 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Behavior evaluation test apparatus 2 Base 3 Bentonite 4 Base 5 Holding | maintenance part 6 Load meter 7 Lower porous plate 8 Upper porous plate 11 Non-contact displacement meter 12 Detection part 15 Support | pillar 16 Arm pillar 21 Pressing means 22 Drive part 23 Piston 25 Water supply Line 26 Drainage line 31 Control device

Claims (8)

経時的に変形する膨潤性材料を支持する支持基台と、
前記支持基台に支持された前記膨潤性材料を所定の状態に押圧する押圧手段と、
前記押圧手段による押圧方向における前記膨潤性材料の移動量を検出する移動量検出手段と、
前記支持基台に支持された前記膨潤性材料から生じる圧力を検出する圧力検出手段と、
前記移動量検出手段、前記圧力検出手段の情報、前記膨潤性材料が配される周囲環境の物性の情報、前記押圧手段の動作の情報に基づいて、前記周囲環境における前記膨潤性材料の状況を把握する制御手段とを備え、
前記制御手段では、
前記圧力検出手段で検出される前記膨潤性材料の圧力が入力され、前記周囲環境の物性に基づいて、前記圧力における前記膨潤性材料の前記周囲環境で予想される変形量を求め、前記膨潤性材料の変形量が前記変形量に一致するように前記押圧手段を動作させ、前記押圧手段を動作させた後の前記膨潤性材料の変形量が、前記圧力検出手段で検出された前記圧力の変化に応じた前記膨潤性材料の変形量に等しくなるようにする
ことを特徴とする膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置。 A support base that supports a swellable material that deforms over time;
A pressing means for pressing the swellable material supported by the support base into a predetermined state;
A moving amount detecting means for detecting a moving amount of the swellable material in the pressing direction by the pressing means;
Pressure detecting means for detecting pressure generated from the swellable material supported on the support base;
Based on information on the amount of movement detection means, information on the pressure detection means, information on physical properties of the surrounding environment where the swellable material is disposed, and information on operation of the pressing means, the state of the swellable material in the surrounding environment is determined. for example Bei and a control means to grasp,
In the control means,
The pressure of the swellable material detected by the pressure detection means is input, and based on the physical properties of the surrounding environment, the amount of deformation expected in the surrounding environment of the swellable material at the pressure is obtained, and the swellability The pressure means is operated so that the amount of deformation of the material matches the amount of deformation, and the amount of deformation of the swellable material after the pressure means is operated is a change in the pressure detected by the pressure detection means. An apparatus for evaluating the behavior of a swellable material, characterized in that the amount of deformation of the swellable material is equal to the amount of deformation . 請求項１に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置において、
前記周囲環境は、被覆対象物を隔離するための地下環境材であり、
前記膨潤性材料は、前記被覆対象物を密封して覆って前記地下環境材に隔離設置される膨潤性材料である
ことを特徴とする膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置。 In the behavior evaluation test apparatus of the swellable material according to claim 1,
The surrounding environment is an underground environmental material for isolating a covering object,
The swellable material is a swellable material that seals and covers the object to be covered and is installed separately from the underground environment material. 請求項１もしくは請求項２に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置において、
前記膨潤性材料に水を供給する給水手段を備え、
前記膨潤性材料から生じる圧力は、前記給水手段で前記膨潤性材料に給水を行った際の膨潤に伴い生じる圧力である
ことを特徴とする膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置。 In the apparatus for evaluating the behavior of the swellable material according to claim 1 or 2 ,
Water supply means for supplying water to the swellable material;
The pressure generated from the swellable material is a pressure generated along with swelling when water is supplied to the swellable material by the water supply means. 請求項３に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置において、
前記支持基台は、前記膨潤性材料を一方向に変形するように支持する基台であり、
前記押圧手段は、前記膨潤性材料を一方向の任意の位置に押圧するピストンである
ことを特徴とする膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験装置。 In the behavior evaluation test apparatus of the swellable material according to claim 3 ,
The support base is a base that supports the swellable material so as to deform in one direction,
The said press means is a piston which presses the said swelling material to the arbitrary positions of one direction. The behavior evaluation test apparatus of the swelling material characterized by the above-mentioned. 経時的に変形する膨潤性材料を一方向に変形自在に支持し、
前記膨潤性材料が膨潤した際の圧力を検出し、
前記膨潤性材料が配される周囲環境の物性に基づいて、前記圧力における前記膨潤性材料の変形量を求め、
前記膨潤性材料が前記変形量に一致するように前記膨潤性材料を押圧し、
前記圧力をもとに計算された変形量と押圧後に実際に計測される変形量が等しくなるようにする
ことを特徴とする膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法。 Supports a swellable material that deforms over time in a unidirectional manner,
Detecting the pressure when the swellable material swells;
Based on the physical properties of the surrounding environment where the swellable material is disposed, the amount of deformation of the swellable material at the pressure is determined,
Pressing the swellable material so that the swellable material matches the amount of deformation;
A method for evaluating the behavior of a swellable material, characterized in that the amount of deformation calculated based on the pressure is equal to the amount of deformation actually measured after pressing. 請求項５に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法において、
前記膨潤性材料が膨潤した後の圧力は、
前記膨潤性材料に水が供給された際の膨潤による圧力である
ことを特徴とする膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法。 In the behavior evaluation test method of the swellable material according to claim 5 ,
The pressure after the swelling material swells is:
A method for evaluating the behavior of a swellable material, which is a pressure caused by swelling when water is supplied to the swellable material. 請求項６に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法において、
膨潤による圧力が検出され、前記周囲環境の物性に基づいて、前記圧力における前記膨潤性材料の膨潤変形量を理論的に求め、
前記膨潤性材料に与えられる変形量が前記膨潤変形量に一致するように前記膨潤性材料の一方向への変形を調整し、
圧力の検出動作、膨潤変形量を求める動作、変形の調整動作を繰り返す
ことを特徴とする膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法。 In the behavior evaluation test method of the swellable material according to claim 6 ,
Pressure due to swelling is detected, and based on the physical properties of the surrounding environment, the amount of swelling deformation of the swellable material at the pressure is theoretically determined,
Adjusting the deformation in one direction of the swellable material so that the amount of deformation given to the swellable material matches the amount of swollen deformation;
A test method for evaluating the behavior of a swellable material, characterized by repeating a pressure detecting operation, an operation for obtaining a swelling deformation amount, and a deformation adjusting operation. 請求項７に記載の膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法において、
前記膨潤による前記圧力の変化量、及び、前記圧力における前記膨潤性材料の変化量が概ねゼロになった際に試験を終了する
ことを特徴とする膨潤性材料の挙動評価試験方法。 In the behavior evaluation test method of the swellable material according to claim 7 ,
The test is terminated when the amount of change in the pressure due to the swelling and the amount of change in the swellable material at the pressure become substantially zero.
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