JP6291138B2 - バイオマスおよび有機性廃棄物を処理する方法および装置 - Google Patents
バイオマスおよび有機性廃棄物を処理する方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
−1)140℃を超える温度での熱加水分解、続いての
2)25%を超える乾物濃度および90℃を超える温度を有する中間産物を生じる湿式爆発の工程を含むバイオマス材料の前処理工程、ならびに、
−消化槽中の前記中間産物の引き続いての発酵工程
を含むバイオマス材料の処理方法であって、
前記中間産物は、前記消化槽から現れる再循環ループにおいて輸送される前記消化槽の一部の内容物に中間産物を混合することにより、前記消化槽に導入され、ここに、前記混合は、前記消化槽の一部の内容物および前記中間産物の混合物が前記消化槽に入る前に行われる点でさらに特徴付けられる該処理方法に関する。
−1以上の反応器と、
−バイオマスに対する圧力の除去のための反応器(群)に接続された1以上の圧力除去槽と、
−発酵用の圧力除去槽に接続した1以上の消化槽と
を含むバイオマス材料の処理装置であって、
消化槽(群)は、圧力除去槽(群)の一部の内容物と混合される消化槽の一部の内容物の再循環のための圧力除去槽(群)に接続される。
−1)140℃を超える温度での熱加水分解、続いての
2)25%を超える乾物濃度および90℃を超える温度を有する中間産物を生じる湿式爆発の工程を含むバイオマス材料の前処理工程、ならびに
−消化槽中の前記中間産物の引き続いての発酵工程
を含むバイオマス材料の処理方法であって、
前記中間産物は、前記消化槽から現れる再循環ループにおいて輸送される前記消化槽の一部の内容物に中間産物を混合することにより、前記消化槽に導入され、ここに、前記混合は、前記消化槽の一部の内容物および前記中間産物の混合物が前記消化槽に入る前に行われる点でさらに特徴付けられる該処理方法に関する。
バイオマスおよび/または有機性廃棄物材料は反応器に導入され、その材料が混合され、直接または間接的な蒸気を用いて、飽和圧力にて140℃を超える温度、典型的には、140〜220℃、好ましくは140〜200℃、より好ましくは150〜190℃、さらにより好ましくは160〜180℃の範囲内、最も好ましくは170℃の温度まで加熱される。所望の温度および所望の圧力に到達した場合、材料は、5〜30分間、好ましくは10〜25分間、より好ましくは10〜20分間および最も好ましくは15〜20分間のこれらの条件下で維持し得る。
本発明の1つの具体例において、方法はさらに湿式酸化を含み、その酸化は、熱加水分解工程後だが湿式爆発前に好ましくは行い得る。熱加水分解の終了後、適当な酸化剤、好ましくは酸素、過酸化水素または空気は、リグニンの含量に依存でき、典型的には、材料のCOD(化学的酸素必要量)含量の2〜20%、好ましくは3〜19%、より好ましくは5〜17%、例えば、好ましくは7〜16%、より好ましくは8〜15%、例えば、好ましくは9〜14%、より好ましくは10〜13%に典型的に相当し、反応器中の圧力発生によって決定される量にて、材料に添加できる。湿式酸化は、170〜220℃の範囲の温度で典型的に実施し得る。
熱加水分解工程および所望による湿式酸化工程の終了後に、処理されたバイオマス材料は、その後、1以上の圧力除去槽に導かれ、その間、圧力は5〜35バールから低下させ、圧力は、典型的には2バール未満、好ましくは1.5バール未満に低下し得る。好ましくは、圧力は、15〜35バールから約1バール、すなわち、雰囲気圧力まで低下する。この湿式爆発中に、ほとんどの細胞構造は崩壊する。湿式爆発の直後に、酸化した材料の温度は好ましくは材料を無菌にする95〜110℃である。熱処理された材料は熱加水分解反応器から放出されう場合、1以上の圧力除去槽への排出は、反応器と下流の圧力除去槽との間の圧力差によって駆動される。圧力低下により、凝縮された蒸気は、圧力除去槽の内部でフラッシュされるであろう。湿式爆発は、1つの圧力除去槽を通って、または連続して2以上の圧力除去槽中で起こる。「フラッシュ槽」なる用語および「圧力除去槽」なる用語は、本明細書において互換的に用いられる。
所望の温度まで冷却後に、処理材料は、さらに発酵によって、エタノール、水素、乳酸、メタン、琥珀酸、有機酸または他の所望の産物に処理できる。
本明細書に従前に記載のごとく、本発明の方法は消化槽の内容物からの再循環フローを用い、ここに、消化槽からの一部の内容物を前処理の最終工程に再利用し、したがって、中間産物と混合する。前処理の最終工程は湿式爆発であり、または所望によりいずれかのさらなる前処理工程をバイオマス材料に対して行う。
−1以上の反応器と、
−バイオマスに対する圧力の除去のための反応器に接続された1以上の圧力除去槽と、
−発酵用の圧力除去槽に接続した1以上の消化槽とを
を含み、
ここに、消化槽は、圧力除去槽の一部の内容物と混合する消化槽の一部の内容物の再循環用の圧力除去槽に接続される。また、本明細書に記載した「反応器(群)」は、「熱加水分解反応器(群)」と称し得る。
図1は、嫌気性消化のごとき引き続いての生物学的分解でのバイオマスおよび有機性廃棄物画分を前処理する方法および装置を示す。受け取った固形物バイオマスおよび/または有機性廃棄物画分は、通常、受取/貯蔵(a)ビン中で、供給装置(c)、通常、供給バルブまたは蒸気支援供給システムを介して、1または複数の高圧反応器(d)に運搬する(b)。高圧力の蒸気(e)を反応器(群)へ加え、導入口および排出口バルブ(cおよびf)を閉じることによって、十分な圧力に受け取ったバイオマスの有益な加水分解の達成のために到達する。十分な蒸気圧に達する場合、バルブは有益な滞留時間が経過するまで閉じたままとする。供給材料の特性に依存して、加熱および滞留時間中にいくらかのガスを除去ための有益さが存在し得る。これらのガスが排出されないならば、ガスは放出弁(h)を通して凝縮器系(g)ヘ導き得る。滞留時間の経過にて、圧力は放出弁(f)を開くことに先立ち、放出弁(h)を通って低減し得る。放出弁が開かれる場合、前処理された材料はしっかり支持された排出管(i)を通ってフラッシュ槽(j)に急速に排出される。排出速度は、反応器と下流のフラッシュ槽(j)との間の圧力差によって駆動される。圧力低下により、凝縮された蒸気はフラッシュされ、フラッシュ槽(j)の内部の材料および水から分離する。フラッシュ槽(j)の内部で放出された余分のフラッシュ蒸気は、パイプを通ってフラッシュ槽上部から放出される。フラッシュ蒸気は、凝縮器(g)に好ましくは導かれる。循環ポンプ(k)および凝縮液冷却器(l)を持つ冷却タワーより好ましくはなる凝縮器は、余分の蒸気を液化する。別法として、凝縮器は、凝縮器(g)に直接注入された冷たい冷却水で作動し得る。凝縮できないものは凝縮器から排出し、そこで、芳香処理が必要であり得る。凝縮液は、フラッシュ槽(n)に戻し排出して下流プロセス(o)に送るか、またはおそらく化学薬品(p)の回収のためのさらなる処理についてのプロセスから分離した。生物学的に分解した材料、例えば、下流の嫌気性消化装置(q)からの発酵残渣は、消化装置循環ポンプ(r)を持つフラッシュ槽に循環する。液体レベル(t)未満のフラッシュ槽への注入を通じて、フラッシュ槽内部の混合を達成する。フラッシュ槽の内部の凝縮が好ましいならば、再利用した流れをノズル(s)を通してフラッシュ槽の上部に導き、ここで、フラッシュ槽はフラッシュ蒸気の凝縮のための冷却として機能する。かかる凝縮は、阻害剤のすべての生成のため有益ではないかもしれない。かかる場合、その凝縮は個別の凝縮器(g)の内部で起こるであろう。発酵残渣のごとき、前処理された材料、凝縮物および再利用された生物学的に分解した材料の混合物は、供給ポンプ(u)を持つ嫌気性消化装置(q)のごとき下流プロセスにポンプ液送されるであろう。下流プロセスにおける好ましい温度に依存して、冷却は冷却器(vまたはw)中で起こることができる。
Claims (15)
- 少なくとも以下の工程:
−1)140℃を超える温度での熱加水分解、続いての
2)25%を超える乾物濃度および90℃を超える温度を有する中間産物を生じる湿式爆発の工程を含むバイオマス材料の前処理工程、ならびに
−消化槽中の前記中間産物の引き続いての発酵工程
を含むバイオマス材料の処理方法であって、
前記中間産物は、前記消化槽から現れる再循環ループにおいて輸送される前記消化槽の一部の内容物に中間産物を混合することにより、前記消化槽に導入され、ここに、前記混合は、前記消化槽の一部の内容物および前記中間産物が前記消化槽に入る前に行われ;混合後でかつそれらの混合物が前記消化槽に入る前のpHが、pH6を超える点でさらに特徴付けられる該処理方法。 - 中間産物が100℃を超える温度を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 中間産物が5未満のpHを有することを特徴とする請求項1〜2のいずれか1記載の方法。
- 方法が、工程1)において熱加水分解の飽和圧力を超える圧力での湿式酸化をさらに含み、熱加水分解後で、湿式爆発前に行なわれることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1記載の方法。
- 消化槽の一部の内容物が、消化槽の少なくとも10部(体積)の内容物が1部(体積)の中間産物と混合される方法で、中間産物と混合されることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1記載の方法。
- 前処理からの一部の気相が、消化槽の一部の内容物を冷却媒体として用いることにより、凝縮されることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1記載の方法。
- 凝縮された気相中のフルフラールが抽出によって分離されることを特徴とする請求項6記載の方法。
- 凝縮された気相中の揮発酸が消化槽に再利用されることを特徴とする請求項6記載の方法。
- プロセスに導入されるバイオマス材料が、50重量%を超える乾物濃度を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1記載の方法。
- プロセスに導入されるバイオマス材料が、わら、木材、繊維、飼料、製紙用パルプ、スラリーおよび家庭廃棄物よりなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1記載の方法。
- 熱加水分解が140℃を超える温度で行なわれ、5〜30分間維持された後、湿式爆発が5〜35バールから雰囲気圧力に圧力を低減することにより実施されることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1記載の方法。
- 消化槽中の前記中間産物の発酵が、7〜8.5のpH範囲を有する発酵産物を与えることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 中間産物と消化槽からの再循環された発酵産物との混合後で、かつ混合物が消化槽に入る前のpHが、pH6.5を超えることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 消化槽の内容物と中間産物とが、3:1〜30:1の消化槽の内容物:中間産物の体積比の範囲内で混合されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 消化槽の一部の内容物が、消化槽の少なくとも20部(体積)の内容物が1部(体積)の中間産物と混合される方法で、中間産物と混合されることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1記載の方法。
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US20170314046A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
MX360733B (es) | 2018-11-14 |
CA2965422C (en) | 2018-07-10 |
LT3212764T (lt) | 2019-01-10 |
US10214751B2 (en) | 2019-02-26 |
JP2017534451A (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
AU2015340594B2 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
EA029554B1 (ru) | 2018-04-30 |
CA2965422A1 (en) | 2016-05-06 |
EA201790784A1 (ru) | 2017-08-31 |
CN107002100A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
WO2016066752A1 (en) | 2016-05-06 |
DK3212764T3 (en) | 2019-01-14 |
AU2015340594A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
KR20170067899A (ko) | 2017-06-16 |
EP3212764B1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
ES2692832T3 (es) | 2018-12-05 |
MX2017004827A (es) | 2018-02-13 |
ZA201703119B (en) | 2019-10-30 |
RS58127B1 (sr) | 2019-02-28 |
BR112017008188A2 (pt) | 2017-12-26 |
UA119796C2 (uk) | 2019-08-12 |
PL3212764T3 (pl) | 2019-03-29 |
KR101868303B1 (ko) | 2018-07-17 |
EP3212764A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
MY182510A (en) | 2021-01-25 |
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