JP6286245B2 - Wheelchair cushion - Google Patents
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- JP6286245B2 JP6286245B2 JP2014064146A JP2014064146A JP6286245B2 JP 6286245 B2 JP6286245 B2 JP 6286245B2 JP 2014064146 A JP2014064146 A JP 2014064146A JP 2014064146 A JP2014064146 A JP 2014064146A JP 6286245 B2 JP6286245 B2 JP 6286245B2
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Description
本発明は、車いすの座に敷いて使用される車いす用クッションに関するものである。さらに詳述すると、本発明は、特に、座や背にスリングシートと呼ばれる薄いシートを用いた一般的な折りたたみ式車いすのスリングシート上での姿勢の安定と褥瘡予防の目的で使用されるの好適な車いす用クッションに関する。 The present invention relates to a wheelchair cushion used on a wheelchair seat. More specifically, the present invention is particularly suitable for use for the purpose of stabilizing the posture on the sling seat of a general folding wheelchair using a thin seat called a sling seat on the seat or the back and preventing pressure ulcer. The present invention relates to a wheelchair cushion.
一般的な折りたたみ式の車いすは、ビニルレザーやナイロンシート等のスリングシートと呼ばれる薄いシートで座部が形成されることが多い。このため、スリングシートからなる座部に直接に座ると、その重みによってスリングシートが下方へ撓んで、臀部が沈み込んでしまうため、骨盤が後方や左右に傾斜したり、旋回したりして、安定した座位の姿勢を保つのが難しいという問題がある。また、スリングシートから成る背もたれにおいても、臀部を後方側からしっかりと支える機能がないために、骨盤を安定させる効果は得られない。このため、座シートも背シートもスリングシートの車いすに座ると、誰でもこのような問題が発生し、とりわけ座る機能が低下している高齢者や車いす利用者にとっては深刻な問題である。 A typical folding wheelchair is often formed with a thin seat called a sling seat such as vinyl leather or nylon seat. For this reason, when sitting directly on the seat consisting of a sling seat, the sling seat bends downward due to its weight, and the buttocks sink, so the pelvis tilts backward and left and right, and turns, There is a problem that it is difficult to maintain a stable sitting posture. In addition, even in a backrest composed of a sling seat, the effect of stabilizing the pelvis cannot be obtained because there is no function of firmly supporting the buttocks from the rear side. For this reason, when both the seat seat and the back seat are seated on the wheelchair of the sling seat, such a problem occurs, and this is a serious problem especially for elderly people and wheelchair users who have a poor sitting function.
また、長時間、車いすに座り続けなければならない利用者の場合は、スリングシート自体のクッション性が低いため、臀部の一部に圧力が集中して、褥瘡、いわゆる床ずれを生じる虞もある。 In addition, in the case of a user who has to continue sitting in a wheelchair for a long time, since the cushioning property of the sling seat itself is low, pressure may be concentrated on a part of the buttocks, so that there is a risk of causing pressure sores, so-called bedsores.
そこで、折りたたみ式車いすのスリングシート上で利用者の臀部を支え、骨盤を安定させて座ったときの安定感を与えると共に、体圧を分散させて褥瘡などを予防する車いす用クッションが望まれる。 Therefore, a wheelchair cushion that supports a user's buttocks on a sling seat of a folding wheelchair, provides a sense of stability when sitting with the pelvis stabilized, and disperses body pressure to prevent pressure ulcers and the like is desired.
このような車いす用クッションとして、従来、プラスチックフォーム材とゲル材とを組み合わせて座骨結節部圧力を減圧できるタイプの車いす用クッションが提案されている。例えば、前方に大腿部座面、後方に大腿部座面よりも低い臀部座面を有するほぼ平板状の座面部材と、この座面部材の臀部座面の周縁部分が座面の上方側へ延設されて骨盤を後方側から支持する後方支持部材及び骨盤を両側から支持する一対の側壁部とを備え、これらが全体に軟質フォームで一体成形されると共に臀部座面部分に粘弾性ゲル層が形成され、防水性を有するフィルムから成る被覆層によって全体に覆われた車いす用クッションが提案されている（特許文献１，同文献の図３参照）。 As such a wheelchair cushion, a wheelchair cushion of a type that can reduce the pressure of the ischial nodule portion by combining a plastic foam material and a gel material has been proposed. For example, a substantially flat seat member having a thigh seating surface at the front and a buttocks seating surface lower than the thigh seating surface, and a peripheral portion of the buttocks seating surface of the seat member above the seating surface. A posterior support member that extends to the side and supports the pelvis from the posterior side, and a pair of side wall portions that support the pelvis from both sides. A wheelchair cushion has been proposed in which a gel layer is formed and covered entirely with a covering layer made of a waterproof film (see Patent Document 1 and FIG. 3 of the same document).
この車いす用クッションは、座面部材並びに後方支持部材及び側方部材が被覆層を形成するフィルムによって区画される空間内で粘弾性ゲルと軟質フォームとを発泡・硬化させることで一体に形成されている。つまり、上述の車いす用クッションは、金型のキャビティ面に密着させた被覆層を形成するフィルムの上から座面部材の臀部座面に対応する位置にゲル状粘弾性体を注入して硬化させることにより粘弾性ゲル層を形成する一方、さらにゲル体を覆うように軟質発泡剤の前躯体を注入してから、その上に座面部材の底面側の被覆層となるフィルムを重ね、金型に蓋をしてから前躯体を発泡させると共に硬化させてポリウレタンの軟質フォームを形成することにより得られる。 This cushion for a wheelchair is integrally formed by foaming and curing a viscoelastic gel and a flexible foam in a space defined by a film in which a seat member, a rear support member, and a side member form a covering layer. Yes. In other words, the above-mentioned wheelchair cushion is cured by injecting a gel-like viscoelastic body into a position corresponding to the buttocks seating surface of the seat member from the film forming the coating layer in close contact with the cavity surface of the mold. In addition to forming a viscoelastic gel layer, a flexible foaming agent precursor is injected so as to further cover the gel body, and then a film serving as a covering layer on the bottom surface side of the seat member is overlaid thereon, And then the foam is cured and cured to form a flexible polyurethane foam.
つまり、この車いす用クッションは、軟質フォームによって座面部材と一体成形された後方支持部材及び側方支持部材によって、被覆フィルムと軟質フォームとの弾性変形可能な範囲内で、後方側あるいは両側から骨盤を支持して骨盤を安定させることを企図している。 In other words, the wheelchair cushion is formed from the rear side or both sides within the range in which the covering film and the flexible foam can be elastically deformed by the rear support member and the side support member integrally formed with the seat member by the soft foam. It is intended to stabilize the pelvis with support.
しかしながら、後方支持部材並びに側方支持部材の座面部材に対する角度がフィルムから成る被覆層と変形し易い軟質フォームの弾性変形可能な範囲内で規制されているので、構造的な強度が十分ではなく、クッションの形を保って骨盤を安定させる効果が十分でない。 However, since the angle of the rear support member and the side support member with respect to the seat member is restricted within the elastically deformable range of the coating layer made of a film and the flexible foam that easily deforms, the structural strength is not sufficient. The effect of stabilizing the pelvis by keeping the shape of the cushion is not sufficient.
さらに、クッション全体が単一の軟質フォームで形成されるため、車いすの利用者の要望に応じて部分的にクッションの硬さや柔らかさ、また形状を調整することができない。即ち、車いす利用者の身体に合わせた硬さに調整することが不可能であると共に、利用者の身体的障害などに応じて最適な硬さや形状に調整することもできない。 Furthermore, since the entire cushion is formed of a single flexible foam, it is not possible to partially adjust the hardness, softness, and shape of the cushion according to the demands of wheelchair users. That is, it is impossible to adjust the hardness according to the wheelchair user's body, and it is also impossible to adjust the hardness and shape to the optimum according to the physical obstacle of the user.
また、クッション全体即ち座面部材並びに後方支持部材及び側方支持部材は、軟質フォームで一体形成しているので、全体的に変形しやすく、形を保つことが難しい。このため、体圧分散効果については優れていても、骨盤を安定させる効果については依然として十分であるとは言えず、安定した座位の姿勢を保つことが難しい場合もあるという問題を有する。 Further, since the entire cushion, that is, the seat member, the rear support member, and the side support member are integrally formed of a flexible foam, it is easily deformed as a whole, and it is difficult to maintain the shape. For this reason, even if the body pressure dispersion effect is excellent, it cannot be said that the effect of stabilizing the pelvis is still sufficient, and there is a problem that it may be difficult to maintain a stable sitting posture.
しかも、スリングシートからなる背シートにも角度がついているため、座面後方で骨盤を後方側から支持する後方支持部材が座面の上方側へ延設されていても、背シートと後方支持部材との間に隙間が発生してクッションを後方側からしっかりと支えることができないために、骨盤を安定させる効果が十分には得られない。 In addition, since the back seat made of the sling seat is also angled, the back seat and the rear support member are supported even if the rear support member that supports the pelvis from the rear side is extended to the upper side of the seat surface. Since a gap is generated between them and the cushion cannot be firmly supported from the rear side, the effect of stabilizing the pelvis cannot be sufficiently obtained.
本発明は、部分的にクッションの硬さ・柔らかさ、また形状を調整することができる、即ち車いす利用者の身体に合わせた硬さに調整することが可能であると共に、利用者の身体的障害の状況などに応じて最適な硬さや形状に調整することができる構造の車いす用クッションを提供することを目的とする。さらに、本発明は、体圧を分散させて褥瘡などを予防しながら、車いす利用者の臀部をしっかり支えて骨盤を安定させ、座ったときの安定感を与える車いす用クッションを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention can partially adjust the hardness / softness and shape of the cushion, that is, it can be adjusted to the hardness suitable for the wheelchair user's body, and the user's physical An object of the present invention is to provide a cushion for a wheelchair having a structure that can be adjusted to an optimum hardness and shape according to the state of an obstacle. It is another object of the present invention to provide a wheelchair cushion that stabilizes the pelvis by firmly supporting the wheelchair user's buttocks while dispersing body pressure to prevent pressure sores and the like, and gives a sense of stability when sitting. And
かかる目的を達成するために請求項１記載の発明は、車いすの座に敷いて使用される車いす用クッションにおいて、着座者の臀部の周囲を包囲する後壁部と両側壁部及びこれらを支える底壁部とを少なくとも有し車いすの座及び背と接する硬質フォームから成る外殻部材と、外殻部材の着座者側の面を覆い座面及び背面を構成する軟質フォームから成る表層部材と、座面を構成する表層部材の臀部座面部分と外殻部材との間に介在される表層部材よりも柔らかいゲル部材と、座面を構成する表層部材の大腿部座面部分と外殻部材との間及び背面を構成する表層部材と外殻部材との間に介在される半硬質フォームから成る中敷とを貼り合わせて１つの塊とすることによって、前方側に大腿支持部、後方側に臀部支持部を形成する座部と、臀部支持部の周縁部分で座面の上方側へ延設されて着座者の臀部を後方から支持する後方支持部と、左右両側から支持する左右一対の側方支持部とのそれぞれを、少なくとも３種の硬さの異なる素材で構成することで、鉛直方向並びに左右方向及び背側方向の３軸方向のそれぞれにおいて少なくとも３層に構成して、着座者側の面が柔らかく、車いすの座並びに背側の面が硬く、臀部座面部分はその周囲よりも柔らかく沈み込み易くして着座者の骨盤が前側へずれないようしている。 In order to achieve this object, the invention according to claim 1 is a wheelchair cushion used on a wheelchair seat, and includes a rear wall portion and both side wall portions that surround the periphery of a seated person's buttocks, and a bottom that supports them. An outer shell member comprising at least a wall and a rigid foam in contact with a wheelchair seat and a back; a surface layer member comprising a soft foam covering a seating person side surface of the outer shell member and constituting a seat surface and a back surface; A gel member softer than the surface layer member interposed between the buttocks seat surface portion of the surface layer member constituting the surface and the outer shell member, a thigh seat surface portion of the surface layer member constituting the seat surface, and the outer shell member A thigh support part on the front side and a rear side on the back side by laminating an insole made of a semi-rigid foam interposed between the surface layer member and the outer shell member constituting the back surface and the outer shell member and the seat to form a hip support, buttocks supporting A rear supporting portion at the peripheral portion of the part is extended to the upper side of the seating surface supporting the buttocks of the seated person from the rear, the each of the pair of left and right side support portions for supporting the left and right sides, at least three by configuring in different material hardnesses, vertically and constitutes the Oite least three layers each of three axial directions of the right and left direction and the back-side direction, soft surface of the seated person side, the seat and the back of the wheelchair The side surface is hard and the buttocks seat surface portion is softer than the surrounding area so as to sink, so that the pelvis of the seated person does not shift forward.
ここで、表層部材は臀部座面及び大腿部座面を形成する座面表層部材と、着座者の臀部の周囲を包囲する背面表層部材とに分けて構成されることが好ましい。また、中敷は外殻部材の後壁部と両側壁部との間のコーナー部分に宛がわれる側方中敷と、左右の側方中敷の間の外殻部材の後壁部に宛がわれる背側中敷と、外殻部材の底壁部の上に配置されて背側中敷及び左右の側方中敷と外殻部材の底壁との間のコーナ部分に宛がわれるコーナ補強部材と、外殻部材の底壁部と座面を構成する表層部材の大腿支持部との間に設置される大腿支持部側中敷と、大腿支持部側中敷と表層部材との間の両側と中央部とに分けて配置されるパッドとを含むものであることが好ましい。 Here, the surface layer member is preferably divided into a seat surface layer member that forms the buttocks seat surface and the thigh seat surface, and a back surface layer member that surrounds the periphery of the seated person's buttocks. Further, the insole is addressed to the side insole addressed to the corner portion between the rear wall portion and the both side wall portions of the outer shell member, and to the rear wall portion of the outer shell member between the left and right side insoles. A back insole to be peeled and a corner disposed on the bottom wall portion of the outer shell member and addressed to a corner portion between the back insole and the left and right side insoles and the bottom wall of the outer shell member The thigh support side insole installed between the reinforcing member, the bottom wall portion of the outer shell member and the thigh support portion of the surface layer member constituting the seat surface, and between the thigh support side insole and the surface layer member It is preferable to include a pad arranged separately on both sides and the central part.
さらに、背側中敷は外殻部材の後壁部に対向する面が底壁部に対してなす角度よりも、着座側の面が底壁部に対してなす角度が大きく、上に行くほど薄くなるものであることが好ましい。 Further, the back insole has a larger angle formed by the seat side surface with respect to the bottom wall portion than the angle formed by the surface facing the rear wall portion of the outer shell member with respect to the bottom wall portion, It is preferable that the thickness is reduced.
また、パッドは、大腿部の付け根付近を支える部分の両側において大腿部の付け根付近を支える部分を窪みとする３枚のパッドを備え、該パッドは、臀部を支える部分および大腿部の付け根付近を支える部分に向けて薄くなっていることが好ましい。 In addition, the pad includes three pads having depressions in the portions that support the vicinity of the base of the thigh on both sides of the portion that supports the vicinity of the base of the thigh. It is preferable that the thickness is reduced toward the portion supporting the vicinity of the base.
また、本発明にかかる車いす用クッションは、防水性を有する止水カバーで覆われ、さらにその外方を通気性に優れる張地から成るクッションカバーで覆ったものであることが好ましい。 In addition, the wheelchair cushion according to the present invention is preferably covered with a waterproof water-proof cover, and further covered with a cushion cover made of a tension fabric having excellent air permeability.
また、本発明にかかる車いす用クッションは、外殻部材の後壁部は、底壁部に対して９０度を上回る角度で後傾するように設けられていることが好ましい。 In the wheelchair cushion according to the present invention, the rear wall portion of the outer shell member is preferably provided so as to tilt backward at an angle exceeding 90 degrees with respect to the bottom wall portion .
また、本発明にかかる車いす用クッションは、座部の後方側の臀部支持部が周囲より凹み、座面前方側の大腿支持部に対して低所となっていることが好ましい。 In the wheelchair cushion according to the present invention, it is preferable that the heel support portion on the rear side of the seat portion is recessed from the surroundings and is lower than the thigh support portion on the front side of the seat surface.
さらに、本発明にかかる車いす用クッションは、外殻部材の後壁部の車いすの背側の面が、平面視において、左右方向中央部が後方に凸状となるように湾曲していることが好ましい。 Furthermore, in the wheelchair cushion according to the present invention, the back side surface of the wheelchair on the rear wall portion of the outer shell member is curved so that the central portion in the left-right direction is convex backward in plan view. preferable.
請求項１記載の車いす用クッションでは、後方支持部及び側方支持部によって、三方から着座者の臀部を包囲して支持することができるので、骨盤を安定させることができると共に身体の接触面積を増やすことで優れた体圧分散効果が得られる。 In the wheelchair cushion according to claim 1, since the seat supporter's buttocks can be surrounded and supported from the three sides by the rear support part and the side support part, the pelvis can be stabilized and the contact area of the body can be increased. By increasing it, an excellent body pressure dispersion effect can be obtained.
しかも、座部のみならず、着座者の臀部を後方及び左右両側の三方から支持する後方支持部並びに左右一対の側方支持部を、複数種の硬さの異なる素材で互いに直交する３軸方向において少なくとも３層に構成して、着座者側の面が柔らかく、車いすの座並びに背側の面が硬くなるようにしているので、構造体としての役割と座り心地の向上とを両立させることができる。即ち、少なくとも３種類の硬さのクッションを重ねた少なくとも３層構造の後方支持部と左右一対の側方支持部によって三方から臀部を包み込むようにサポートするため、身体への接触面積を増やすことで体圧分散に優れると共に、骨盤の姿勢即ち位置・向き・傾きを安定させることができる。 Moreover, not only the seat part, but also the rear support part for supporting the seated person's buttocks from the three sides of the rear and the left and right sides, and the pair of left and right side support parts are orthogonal to each other with a plurality of different materials of hardness. Since the seating side surface is soft and the wheelchair seat and the back side surface are hard, it is possible to achieve both a role as a structure and an improvement in sitting comfort. it can. That is, to support the heel part from three sides by supporting at least three layers of cushions of at least three different layers and a pair of left and right side support parts, the contact area to the body is increased. In addition to excellent body pressure dispersion, the posture of the pelvis, that is, the position / orientation / tilt can be stabilized.
また、座部の臀部支持部にゲル部材を内蔵し、臀部座面部分をその周囲よりも柔らかく沈み込み易くして着座者の骨盤が前側へずれないようしているので、床ずれ（褥瘡）防止すると共に底突感を軽減できる。さらに、臀部支持部が大腿支持部よりも沈み込んで前ずれを防ぐようにしているので、所謂仙骨座りとなることがない。 In addition, a gel member is built into the buttocks support part of the seat part, and the seat part of the buttocks part is softer and easier to sink than its surroundings to prevent the seated person's pelvis from shifting forward, preventing bed slippage (decubitus) And can reduce the bottom bump. Furthermore, since the buttocks support part sinks more than the thigh support part to prevent forward displacement, so-called sacral sitting does not occur.
また、本発明の車いす用クッションは、プラスチックフォームの多層構造によって、モールドでは出せない座り心地を得ることができる。 Moreover, the cushion for wheelchairs of this invention can obtain the seating comfort which cannot be taken out by a mold with the multilayer structure of a plastic foam.
また、本発明の車いす用クッションは、複数のピースを接着などで貼り合わせ、１つの塊に成形しているので、任意のピースの形、硬さ、接着位置などを変更することで、部分的にクッションの硬さあるいは柔らかさ、形などを変更することが容易である。即ち、部分的な硬さや柔らかさ、形状の変更が可能であるため、車いす利用者の障害の状況や好み、要望などに合わせて、適切な硬さ、柔らかさ、それらの分布、形態などを容易に作り出すことができる。しかも、プラスチックフォームのスラブから削り出しで製作した板材などから成るクッション材を貼り合わせることによって成形されるので、金型を必要とせず、設備コストを低減できる。 In addition, the wheelchair cushion of the present invention is formed by bonding a plurality of pieces by bonding or the like, and forming them into one lump. Therefore, by changing the shape, hardness, bonding position, etc. of an arbitrary piece, It is easy to change the hardness, softness, shape, etc. of the cushion. In other words, since it is possible to change the partial hardness, softness, and shape, the appropriate hardness, softness, distribution, form, etc. of the wheelchair user according to the situation, preference, demand, etc. Can be easily produced. In addition, since molding is performed by bonding a cushion material made of a plate material or the like manufactured by cutting out from a plastic foam slab, a mold is not required, and the equipment cost can be reduced.
また、請求項２記載の発明によれば、表層部材並びに中敷が複数のピースに分けられて車いす用クッションの構造体としての役割を果たす外殻部材に対し接着などで貼り合わせて、複数種の硬さの異なる素材で互いに直交する３軸方向において少なくとも３層に構成して所望のクッション形状が作られているので、身体形状に沿った三次元形状の曲面から成る座面並びに後方支持部及び左右の側方支持部が容易に形成でき、かつ接触面積を増やして体圧分散性を向上させることができる。即ち、車いす用クッションとして変形しながらも、原形を保つことができるので、着座者の臀部に優しく当たって心地良い座り心地を得ながら、骨盤を安定保持できる。 Further, according to the invention of claim 2, the surface layer member and the insole are divided into a plurality of pieces and bonded to the outer shell member serving as a structure of a wheelchair cushion by bonding or the like. Since the desired cushion shape is made by forming at least three layers in the three axial directions orthogonal to each other with materials of different hardness, the seat surface and the rear support portion made of a three-dimensional curved surface along the body shape In addition, the left and right side support portions can be easily formed, and the contact area can be increased to improve the body pressure dispersibility. That is, since the original shape can be maintained while being deformed as a wheelchair cushion, the pelvis can be stably held while gently touching the buttocks of the seated person to obtain a comfortable sitting comfort.
また、請求項３記載の発明によれば、背側中敷は外殻部材の後壁部に対向する面が底壁部に対してなす角度よりも、着座側の面が底壁部に対してなす角度が大きく、上に行くほど薄くなるので、背シートに車いす用クッションの後方支持部をフィットさせながらもさらに背面を寝せることができ、着座姿勢により馴染み易いものとできる。 According to the invention described in claim 3, the back side insole has a seating side surface with respect to the bottom wall portion with respect to an angle formed by a surface facing the rear wall portion of the outer shell member with respect to the bottom wall portion. Since the angle formed by the arm is large, and the thickness becomes thinner as it goes upward, the rear seat can be laid down while the rear seat of the wheelchair cushion is fitted to the back seat, making it easier to adjust to the sitting posture.
また、請求項４記載の発明によれば、大腿部側中敷と座面表層部材との間に介在される３枚のパッドの配置位置や硬さ、形状を変更することで、大腿の内転・外転を防止するための突起部並びに窪みの高さやお深さなどを自由に変更できる。 According to the invention of claim 4, by changing the arrangement position, hardness, and shape of the three pads interposed between the thigh insole and the seat surface member, It is possible to freely change the height and depth of the protrusions and depressions to prevent adduction and abduction.
また、請求項５記載の発明によれば、止水カバーで覆われ、さらにその外方を通気性に優れる張地から成るクッションカバーで覆っているので、失禁時などに、直接ウレタンクッションが***物に触れて汚れるのを防止することができると共に、クッション表面での蒸れを防ぐことができる。 Further, according to the invention of claim 5, since the outer cover is covered with the cushion cover made of a stretch fabric having excellent air permeability, the urethane cushion is directly excreted at the time of incontinence. While being able to prevent getting dirty by touching an object, it is possible to prevent stuffiness on the cushion surface.
また、請求項６記載の発明によれば、外殻部材の後壁部は、底壁部に対して９０度を上回る角度で後傾するように設けられていることにより、車いすの背の角度にフィットさせて隙間が発生することが防ぐので、着座者の骨盤を後方から安定して支持することができる。 According to the invention described in claim 6, the rear wall portion of the outer shell member is provided so as to tilt backward at an angle exceeding 90 degrees with respect to the bottom wall portion. Therefore, it is possible to stably support the seated person's pelvis from behind.
また、請求項７記載の発明によれば、本発明にかかる車いす用クッションは、座部の後方側の臀部支持部が周囲より凹み、座面前方側の大腿支持部に対して低所とすることにより、着座者の臀部が大腿側よりも沈み込んで前ずれを防ぐようにしているので、所謂仙骨座りとなることがない。また、前ずれを防ぐことができるので、着座者が前に転落することもなければ、車輪を回すときの反力にも着座者が耐え易くなり、車いすを漕ぎ易いものとする。 According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the wheelchair cushion according to the present invention is such that the buttock support portion on the rear side of the seat portion is recessed from the periphery, and is lower than the thigh support portion on the front side of the seat surface. This prevents the seated person's buttocks from sinking more than the thigh side to prevent forward displacement, so that the so-called sacral sitting does not occur. In addition, since the forward slip can be prevented, if the seated person does not fall forward, the seated person can easily withstand the reaction force when turning the wheel, and the wheelchair is easily rowed.
さらに、請求項８記載の発明によれば、本発明にかかる車いす用クッションは、外殻部材の後壁部の車いすの背側の面が、平面視において、左右方向中央部が後方に凸状となるように湾曲しているので、車いすの背の横方向の湾曲に後方支持部をフィットさせて、車いすの背との間の遊びを無くし、着座者の骨盤を後方から安定して支持することができる。 Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 8, the wheelchair cushion according to the present invention is such that the rear side surface of the wheelchair on the rear wall portion of the outer shell member is convex rearward in the left-right central portion in plan view. The back support part is fitted to the lateral curvature of the wheelchair's back to eliminate play between the wheelchair's back and stably support the seated person's pelvis from the back. be able to.
以下、本発明の構成を図面に示す実施形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.
図１〜図６に、本発明の車いす用クッションの実施形態の一例を示す。この実施形態の車いす用クッション１は、車いすの座及び背と接する側の面を構成する硬質フォームから成る外殻部材１１と、外殻部材１１の着座者側の面を覆い座面及び背面を構成する軟質フォームから成る表層部材１２，１３と、座面を構成する表層部材１２の臀部座面部分１２ａと外殻部材１１との間に介在される表層部材１２よりも柔らかいゲル部材７と、座面を構成する表層部材１２の大腿部座面部分１２ｂと外殻部材１１との間及び背面を構成する表層部材１３と外殻部材１１との間にそれぞれ介在される半硬質フォームから成る中敷とを貼り合わせて鉛直方向並びに左右方向及び背側方向の３軸方向において少なくとも３層から成る１つの塊とすることによって、前方側に大腿支持部２、後方側に臀部支持部３を形成する座部４と、この座部４の臀部支持部３の周縁部分で座面の上方側へ延設されて臀部（骨盤）を後方及び左右両側の三方から支持する後方支持部５並びに左右一対の側方支持部６とを構成している。 FIGS. 1-6 shows an example of embodiment of the cushion for wheelchairs of this invention. The cushion 1 for a wheelchair of this embodiment covers an outer shell member 11 made of a rigid foam that constitutes a surface on the side contacting the seat and back of the wheelchair, and covers the seating person side surface of the outer shell member 11 and covers the seating surface and the back surface. Surface layer members 12 and 13 made of a flexible foam, and a gel member 7 softer than the surface layer member 12 interposed between the buttocks seat surface portion 12a of the surface layer member 12 and the outer shell member 11 constituting the seat surface; It consists of a semi-rigid foam interposed between the thigh seating surface portion 12b of the surface layer member 12 constituting the seating surface and the outer shell member 11 and between the surface layer member 13 constituting the back surface and the outer shell member 11, respectively. The insole is bonded to form one lump consisting of at least three layers in the vertical direction, the left-right direction and the back-axis direction in three axial directions, so that the thigh support portion 2 is provided on the front side and the buttocks support portion 3 is provided on the rear side. Seat to be formed A rear support portion 5 that extends to the upper side of the seat surface at the peripheral portion of the buttocks support portion 3 of the seat portion 4 and supports the buttocks (pelvis) from the rear and the left and right sides, and a pair of left and right side supports. Part 6.
即ち、この車いす用クッション１は、着座者の体を支える部位毎に分割された複数のピースを組み合わせ、接着剤などで互いに張り合わされることで１つの塊とし、車いすの座面などに面する外側は硬いクッション素材で、着座者と接する内側は柔らかいクッション素材とすることにより、クッションとゲルだけで構造体としての役割と着座者を弾力的に支える構造物としての機能を両立させるようにしたものである。 That is, the cushion 1 for a wheelchair is formed by combining a plurality of pieces divided for each part that supports the body of a seated person and sticking them together with an adhesive or the like to form one lump, and faces the seat surface of the wheelchair. The outer side is made of a hard cushion material, and the inner side in contact with the seated person is made of a soft cushion material, so that both the function as a structure and the structure that elastically supports the seated person are made compatible with the cushion and gel alone. Is.
ここで、プラスチックフォームのスラブは硬さ・柔らかさを部分的に変えることができないが、貼り合わせで硬さの調整を行うことができる。そこで、本実施形態の車いす用クッションは、図６に示すように、車いす（図示省略）の座シート及び背シートと接する外殻となる箱形の外殻部材１１と、この外殻部材１１の上に被せられて身体に触れる座面及び背面を形成する座面表層部材１２及び背面表層部材１３と、これらの間を充填する中敷としての大腿支持部側中敷１７、ゲル部材７、側方中敷１４、背側中敷１５、コーナー補強部１６及びパッド１８の９ピースで構成され、鉛直方向並びに左右方向及び背側方向には少なくとも３層ないし４層となるように構成されている。即ち、本発明の車いす用クッション１は、複数種の硬さの異なる素材で鉛直方向並びに左右方向及び背側方向の３軸方向において少なくとも３層に構成して、着座者側の面が柔らかく、車いすの座並びに背側の面が硬く、臀部座面部分１２ａはその周囲よりも柔らかく沈み込み易くして着座者の骨盤が前側へずれないようしている。 Here, the slab of plastic foam cannot partially change the hardness and softness, but the hardness can be adjusted by bonding. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the wheelchair cushion according to the present embodiment includes a box-shaped outer shell member 11 serving as an outer shell in contact with a seat seat and a back seat of a wheelchair (not shown), and the outer shell member 11. The seat surface surface member 12 and the back surface layer member 13 that form a seat surface and a back surface that are put on and touch the body, and a thigh support side insole 17 as an insole that fills between them, the gel member 7, and the side It is composed of 9 pieces of a side insole 14, a back insole 15, a corner reinforcing portion 16 and a pad 18, and is configured to have at least 3 or 4 layers in the vertical direction, the left-right direction and the back side direction. . That is, the wheelchair cushion 1 of the present invention is composed of at least three layers in the vertical direction, the left and right direction, and the three-axis direction in the back side direction using a plurality of types of materials having different hardness, and the surface on the seated person side is soft, The seat of the wheelchair and the back surface are hard, and the buttocks seat surface portion 12a is softer and easier to sink than its surroundings so that the seated person's pelvis does not slip forward.
外殻部材１１は、着座者の臀部の周囲を包囲するように立ち上がる後壁部１１ａと両側壁部１１ｂ及びこれらを支える底壁部１１ｃとを少なくとも有し、硬質フォームによって構成されている。本実施形態の場合、後壁部１１ａと両側壁部１１ｂ及び大腿支持部２の側方を覆う座部前方側側壁１１ｃとを象った１枚のプラスチックフォームの板を、底壁部１１ｄの周縁に巻き付けるように接着することで、上方並びに前方が開口された箱形に形成されている。この箱形の外殻部材の車いすの背と面する後壁部１１ａは、底壁部１１ｃに対して９０度を上回る角度、好ましくはおよそ９３〜１００°の範囲で、より好ましくは９５〜１００°の範囲で、最も好ましくは９８度程度で後傾するように設けられている。これにより、スリングシートからなる背シートに車いす用クッション１の後方支持部５をフィットさせることができる。依って、背シートと後方支持部との間に隙間を発生させず、クッション１を後方側からしっかりと支えて骨盤を安定させることができる。 The outer shell member 11 has at least a rear wall portion 11a that rises so as to surround the periphery of the seated person's buttocks, both side wall portions 11b, and a bottom wall portion 11c that supports them, and is made of rigid foam. In the case of the present embodiment, a single plastic foam plate that represents the rear wall portion 11a, the side wall portions 11b, and the seat portion front side wall 11c that covers the sides of the thigh support portion 2 is attached to the bottom wall portion 11d. By bonding so as to wrap around the periphery, it is formed in a box shape with the top and front opened. The rear wall portion 11a facing the back of the wheelchair of the box-shaped outer shell member has an angle of more than 90 degrees with respect to the bottom wall portion 11c, preferably in the range of about 93 to 100 °, more preferably 95 to 100. In the range of °, it is provided so as to tilt backward most preferably about 98 degrees. Thereby, the back support part 5 of the cushion 1 for wheelchairs can be fitted to the back seat which consists of a sling seat. Therefore, it is possible to stabilize the pelvis by firmly supporting the cushion 1 from the rear side without generating a gap between the back seat and the rear support portion.
また、外殻部材１１の着座者側の面を覆い座面及び背面を構成する軟質フォームから成る表層部材は、本実施形態の場合、臀部座面部分１２ａ及び大腿部座面部分１２ｂを形成する座面表層部材１２と、着座者の臀部の周囲を包囲する背面表層部材１３とに分けて構成されている。この場合には、座面と背面とに分断されるため、プラスチックフォームを貼り合わせて三次元形状を成形するときに、座面と背面並びに側面とが交わる部分において皺などが発生することが少ない。勿論、１枚のプラスチックフォームの板を折り曲げることで座面表層部材と背面表層部材とを一体的に成形するようにしても良い。尚、座面表層部材１２は、薄板状の平坦な軟質フォームから成り、外殻部材１１の底壁部１１ｄの上に、中間層を構成する大腿部側中敷１７及びゲル部材７を接着し、さらに大腿部側中敷１７の上にパッド１８をそれぞれ貼り合わせた上から被せて接着剤で貼り合わせることにより、中間層の形状に倣って形が整えられる。これによって、図６に示すような形態を採ることができる。また、背面表層部材１３においても同様で有り、薄板状の平坦な軟質フォームを、側方中敷１４及び背側中敷１５の形状に倣って形を整えながら接着することによって、図６に示すような形態を採る。 Further, in the case of this embodiment, the surface layer member made of the flexible foam that covers the seating person side surface of the outer shell member 11 and forms the seat surface and the back surface forms the buttocks seat surface portion 12a and the thigh seat surface portion 12b. The seat surface layer member 12 and the back surface layer member 13 surrounding the occupant's buttocks are configured. In this case, since it is divided into a seating surface and a back surface, when a plastic foam is bonded to form a three-dimensional shape, wrinkles or the like are less likely to occur at a portion where the seating surface, the back surface, and the side surface intersect. . Of course, the seat surface member and the back surface member may be integrally formed by bending a single plastic foam plate. The seat surface member 12 is made of a thin, flat, flexible foam, and the thigh side insole 17 and the gel member 7 constituting the intermediate layer are bonded onto the bottom wall portion 11d of the outer shell member 11. Further, by covering the pads 18 on the thigh-side insole 17 and then bonding them with an adhesive, the shape is adjusted following the shape of the intermediate layer. Thereby, a form as shown in FIG. 6 can be taken. The same applies to the back surface layer member 13, and a thin, flat, flexible foam is adhered while aligning the shape of the side insole 14 and the back insole 15 as shown in FIG. Take a form like this.
側方中敷１４は、外殻部材１１の後壁部１１ａと両側壁部１１ｂとの間のコーナー部分に宛がわれて着座者の臀部の背後と両側部との境の隅部を囲うようにサポートするものであり、外殻部材１１のコーナ部分を補強すると共に臀部が当たる際のあたりを柔らかくするようにしている。 The side insole 14 is addressed to the corner portion between the rear wall portion 11a and the both side wall portions 11b of the outer shell member 11 so as to surround the corner portion between the back of the seated person's buttocks and the both side portions. The corner portion of the outer shell member 11 is reinforced and the hitting portion is softened.
背側中敷１５は、左右の側方中敷１４の間の外殻部材１１の後壁部１１ａに宛がわれて着座者の臀部の背後を支えるものであり、外殻部材１１の後壁部１１ａを補強すると共に臀部が当たる際のあたりを柔らかくするようにしている。外殻部材の車いすの背と面する後壁部１１ａの外側の面の角度は車いすの背シートとフィットさせるためあまり寝せられないが、その反面着座者がより楽に着座することができるように着座者の背を寝せたいという要望がある。そこで、本実施形態の場合、背側中敷１５は、外殻部材１１の後壁部１１ａに対向する面の傾きよりも着座側の面の傾きが大きく、上に行くほど薄くなるように形成されている。これにより、車いす用クッションの後方支持部５の車いすの背と面する背面の角度より大きな角度で着座者の背後を支える面の角度を設定できる。 The dorsal insole 15 is assigned to the rear wall portion 11 a of the outer shell member 11 between the left and right side insoles 14 and supports the back of the seated person's buttocks. The portion 11a is reinforced, and the area where the buttock hits is softened. Although the angle of the outer surface of the rear wall portion 11a facing the back of the wheelchair of the outer shell member fits with the back seat of the wheelchair, it cannot be laid down so much, but on the other hand, the seated person can sit more easily There is a desire to lie on the back of a seated person. Therefore, in the case of the present embodiment, the back insole 15 is formed so that the inclination of the seating side surface is larger than the inclination of the surface facing the rear wall portion 11a of the outer shell member 11, and becomes thinner as it goes upward. Has been. Thereby, the angle of the surface which supports a back of a seated person can be set by an angle larger than the angle of the back surface which faces the back of the wheelchair of the back support part 5 of the cushion for wheelchairs.
コーナー補強部１６は、外殻部材１１の底壁部１１ｄの上に配置されて背側中敷１５及び左右の側方中敷１４と外殻部材１１の底壁１１ｄとの間のコーナ部分に宛がわれ、左右の側方中敷１４と背側中敷１５との内側を囲って相互に固定させると共に臀部を柔らかく支えるようにしている。 The corner reinforcing portion 16 is disposed on the bottom wall portion 11 d of the outer shell member 11 and is provided at a corner portion between the back insole 15 and the left and right side insoles 14 and the bottom wall 11 d of the outer shell member 11. The left and right side insoles 14 and the back insole 15 are surrounded and fixed to each other, and the buttocks are softly supported.
大腿部側中敷１７は、外殻部材１１の底壁部１１ｄと座面表層部材１２の大腿支持部１２ｂとの間に設置され、大腿支持部２を構成するコア部材であり、平坦なシートから成る。大腿部側中敷１７はゲル部材７よりも厚く形成され、ゲル部材７の周りを囲むコーナー補強部１６と相俟って相対的に臀部支持部３を周囲より凹ませ、座面前方側の大腿支持部２に対して平坦な低所となるように形成している。これにより、臀部支持部３を沈み込ませ、前側へずれないようにしている。大腿支持部２と臀部支持部３との間の段差によって、着座者が前につんのめったり、転がり落ちないようにすることができる。 The thigh-side insole 17 is a core member that is installed between the bottom wall portion 11d of the outer shell member 11 and the thigh support portion 12b of the seat surface layer member 12, and constitutes the thigh support portion 2. Consists of sheets. The thigh side insole 17 is formed to be thicker than the gel member 7, and in combination with the corner reinforcing portion 16 surrounding the gel member 7, the heel support portion 3 is relatively recessed from the periphery, and the seat surface front side It forms so that it may become a flat low place with respect to the thigh support part 2. Thereby, the collar part support part 3 is sunk and prevents it from shifting to the front side. The step between the thigh support 2 and the buttocks support 3 can prevent the seated person from picking forward or rolling down.
また、座部前方側の大腿支持部２には、大腿の内転・外転を防止するための突起部８と窪み９とが、大腿部側中敷１７と座面表層部材１２との間にパッド１８を介在させることによって設けられている。本実施形態の場合には、大腿部側中敷１７の上に、左右両側部および中央部分の３か所に三角錐あるいは変形四角錐形状のパッド１８が配置され、なだらかに盛り上がる突起部８が形成されている。このため、突起部８の間には、大腿部の付け根部分が位置するための２つの窪み９が形成される。パッド１８は、大腿部と接する側の面が傾斜面１０とされており、その厚さは窪みとなるように大腿部中心に向けて薄く尚且つ大腿部の付け根付近を支える部分に向けて薄くなっている。なお、座部４の大腿支持部２における座面高さ、換言すれば厚さは、例えば前端での最高部位（突起部の最大高さ位置、即ち前端付近）の高さＨ３で９５ｍｍ、最低部位（突起部の間の大腿部を支持する平坦な部位の前端付近）の高さＨ４で５５ｍｍ程度であることが好ましい。この場合、臀部に対して大腿部が持ち上げられ、尚且つ大腿部の内転・外転を効果的に防ぐ突起部８と窪み９とが形成される。 Further, the thigh support part 2 on the front side of the seat part has a protrusion 8 and a depression 9 for preventing thigh adduction and abduction, between the thigh side insole 17 and the seat surface member 12. It is provided by interposing a pad 18 therebetween. In the case of the present embodiment, a triangular pyramid or deformed quadrangular pyramid-shaped pad 18 is disposed on the thigh-side insole 17 at three places, the left and right side portions and the central portion, and the protruding portion 8 that rises gently. Is formed. For this reason, two depressions 9 are formed between the protrusions 8 for positioning the base of the thigh. The pad 18 has an inclined surface 10 on the side in contact with the thigh, and the thickness of the pad 18 is thin toward the center of the thigh so as to be a depression and supports the vicinity of the base of the thigh. It is getting thinner. Incidentally, the seat surface height at the thigh support portion 2 of the seat 4, is in other words a thickness of, for example, (maximum height position of the protrusion, i.e., the front end near) the best site at the front end of the height H 3 95 mm, is preferably about 55mm in height H 4 of the lowest site (the vicinity of the front end of the flat region supporting the thigh between projections). In this case, the thigh is lifted with respect to the buttocks, and the projection 8 and the depression 9 are formed to effectively prevent the thigh from being added or abducted.
ここで、上述の９種類のピースを構成する各クッションの硬さは、例えば全体として１３０〜４２０Ｎの範囲に調整されており、上述の範囲の硬さのいずれかにある。主に、硬質と半硬質と軟質の３種類に分類され、例えば、軟質は１００〜１５０Ｎ、半硬質は１６０Ｎ〜２５０Ｎ、硬質は２６０〜４２０Ｎの範囲内である。具体的には、本実施形態においては、軟質のクッションは１３０Ｎ、半硬質のクッションは１８０Ｎ、硬質のクッションは４００Ｎに調整されている。各クッション素材は、プラスチックフォームのスラブ、中でも硬さや弾性率などを所望の範囲に調整することが容易であるポリウレタンフォームのスラブを用いることが好ましい。各ピースはスラブからウレタン専用カッターナイフなどを使って容易に所望の形状・厚み・長さに削り出される。勿論、プラスチックフォームとして、上述のウレタンフォームに限られず、例えばラテックスフォームなどの使用も可能である。 Here, the hardness of each cushion constituting the above-described nine types of pieces is adjusted to, for example, a range of 130 to 420 N as a whole, and is in one of the above-described ranges. It is mainly classified into three types: hard, semi-rigid, and soft. For example, soft is 100 to 150 N, semi-hard is 160 N to 250 N, and hard is 260 to 420 N. Specifically, in this embodiment, the soft cushion is adjusted to 130N, the semi-rigid cushion is adjusted to 180N, and the hard cushion is adjusted to 400N. As each cushion material, it is preferable to use a plastic foam slab, particularly a polyurethane foam slab that can easily adjust the hardness, elastic modulus, and the like to a desired range. Each piece is easily cut out from the slab to the desired shape, thickness, and length using a urethane cutter knife. Of course, the plastic foam is not limited to the above-mentioned urethane foam, and for example, a latex foam can be used.
座面表層部材１２の臀部座面部分１２ａと外殻部材１１との間には、体圧分散性に優れるゲル部材７が中敷として配置され、表層を形成する軟質フォームと外殻部材１１の底壁部１１ｄを構成する硬質フォームとの間で積層構造を成している。このゲル部材７は、ゲルを柔軟な容器（袋）に密封したものであり、ゲルは例えば高分子ゲルであり、ポリウレタンゲル、シリコーンゲル、ポリスチレンゲル、ポリエステルゲル、酢酸ビニル共重合体ゲル、ポリ塩化ビニルゲル、ネオプレンゲル等が挙げられるが、なかでも、熱硬化性のポリウレタンゲルの使用が好ましい。さらに、ポリウレタンゲルとしては、ポリオールとイソシアネートの混合物を加熱硬化することにより得られるが、とりわけポリオールとしてポリエーテル系ポリオールを用いるものが良好な柔軟性や復元性を得られるので好ましい。 Between the buttocks seat surface portion 12a of the seat surface member 12 and the outer shell member 11, a gel member 7 having excellent body pressure dispersibility is arranged as an insole, and the flexible foam and the outer shell member 11 that form the surface layer are disposed. A laminated structure is formed with the rigid foam constituting the bottom wall portion 11d. The gel member 7 is obtained by sealing a gel in a flexible container (bag). The gel is, for example, a polymer gel, such as polyurethane gel, silicone gel, polystyrene gel, polyester gel, vinyl acetate copolymer gel, Examples thereof include vinyl chloride gel and neoprene gel. Among them, use of thermosetting polyurethane gel is preferable. Furthermore, the polyurethane gel can be obtained by heat-curing a mixture of a polyol and an isocyanate. In particular, those using a polyether-based polyol as the polyol are preferable because good flexibility and restorability can be obtained.
ゲル部材７は、本実施形態の場合、座面表層部材１２を構成するクッション素材（軟質フォーム）よりも遙かに柔らかく、クッション素材のうち最も柔らかい軟質フォームの硬さに比較しても遙かに軟質とされている。具体的には、例えば２５Ｎ程度であり、１３０Ｎ程度の軟質フォームから成る座面を形成する座面表層部材１２よりもさらに柔らかい。そして、座面表層部材１２とゲル部材（高分子ゲル）７と外殻部材１１の底壁部１１ｄとの積層構造とすることによって、軟質フォーム５を圧力分散体として機能させた上にさらにゲル部材７による体圧分散を図ることで、底突感を与えず座り心地を良くすると共に、体圧分散性を維持しながら当該ゲル部材７の厚みをできるだけ小さくして車いす用クッション１を軽量化することができる。本実施形態の場合、このゲル部材７は、坐骨部をカバーできるような形状、例えば座面に当接したときに呈する臀部形状（左右の座骨を中心とする円を連結したようなアイマスク状）を成し、均一な厚さに成形されている。 In the case of this embodiment, the gel member 7 is much softer than the cushion material (soft foam) constituting the seat surface member 12, and is not much harder than the softest soft foam among the cushion materials. It is considered to be soft. Specifically, it is, for example, about 25N, and is softer than the seating surface member 12 that forms a seating surface made of a soft foam of about 130N. And by making it the laminated structure of the seat surface layer member 12, the gel member (polymer gel) 7, and the bottom wall part 11d of the outer shell member 11, the flexible foam 5 is made to function as a pressure dispersion body, and also it is a gel. By dispersing the body pressure by the member 7, the seating comfort is improved without giving a bottom feeling, and the thickness of the gel member 7 is made as small as possible while maintaining the body pressure dispersion, thereby reducing the weight of the cushion 1 for the wheelchair. can do. In the case of the present embodiment, the gel member 7 has a shape that can cover the ischial portion, for example, a buttock shape that is present when it contacts the seating surface (an eye mask shape in which circles centered on the left and right isch bones are connected) ) And is formed to a uniform thickness.
ここで、箱形の外殻部材１１は車いす用クッションとしての構造強度を担保するものであり、同クッションとしての基本形態を構築する。したがって、この箱形の外殻部材１１を基本骨格として、座面表層部材１２、背面表層部材１３、側方中敷１４、背側中敷１５、コーナー補強部１６、大腿部側中敷１７、パッド１８及びゲル部材７などの形状や硬さ、配置位置などを変更することにより、利用者の障害の有無、障害の位置、障害の度合い、障害の種類などに応じて、体を支える部位毎に適宜調整することが可能となり、効果的に対応することが可能である。 Here, the box-shaped outer shell member 11 ensures structural strength as a wheelchair cushion, and constructs a basic form as the cushion. Therefore, using the box-shaped outer shell member 11 as a basic skeleton, the seat surface member 12, the back surface member 13, the side insole 14, the back insole 15, the corner reinforcing portion 16, and the thigh insole 17 By changing the shape, hardness, arrangement position, etc. of the pad 18 and the gel member 7, a part that supports the body according to the presence / absence of the disorder, the position of the disorder, the degree of the disorder, the type of the disorder, etc. It becomes possible to adjust appropriately for every and it can respond effectively.
以上の如く、少なくとも３種類の硬さの違う素材から成る複数のピースを貼り合わせて１つの塊とした車いす用クッション１は、図１に示すように、前方側に大腿支持部２、後方側に臀部支持部３を形成する座部４と、臀部支持部３の周縁を囲う後方支持部５並びに左右一対の側方支持部６とを備える。そして、臀部支持部３は、その周囲より凹み、前方の大腿支持部２よりも低所とされることによって、着座者の大腿部側が臀部よりも持ち上げられ、体が前側へずれないように設けられている。さらに、この臀部支持部３には、着座者の臀部を支持するゲル部材７が内蔵され、座骨などを包み込むように支えることを可能とし、床ずれ防止や、底突感の軽減を図るように設けられている。 As described above, as shown in FIG. 1, the wheelchair cushion 1 is formed by laminating a plurality of pieces made of materials having different hardnesses into one lump, as shown in FIG. The seat part 4 which forms the collar part support part 3 in the back, the back support part 5 which surrounds the periphery of the collar part support part 3, and the left-right paired side support part 6 are provided. And the buttocks support part 3 is dented from the circumference | surroundings, and is made lower than the front thigh support part 2, so that the thigh side of the seated person is lifted from the buttocks so that the body does not slip forward. Is provided. Further, the buttocks support portion 3 has a built-in gel member 7 for supporting the occupant's buttocks so that it can be supported so as to wrap the seat bone and the like, and is provided so as to prevent floor slipping and reduce the feeling of bottom collision. It has been.
ここで、後方支持部５の背の最大高さ（底面からの最大高さ）Ｈ１は、１５０〜２５０ｍｍの範囲とすることが好ましい。最大高さＨ１が１５０ｍｍ未満では、利用者の身長等にもよるが、大腿支持部との間で臀部を挟み込んで骨盤を安定させる効果が得られない虞があり、逆に、２５０ｍｍを超える場合には、背中全体が前方に押し出されるため、着座姿勢が崩れる虞がある。また、後方支持部５の背面、即ち車いす側の面には、車いすの背部横方向の湾曲にフィットさせるため、緩やかなアールＲがつけてある。このアールＲは、例えば、曲率半径１０００ｍｍ程度の緩やかなアールであることが好ましい。 Here, H 1 (maximum height from bottom) the maximum height of the back of the rear support portion 5 is preferably in the range of 150 to 250 mm. Maximum height H 1 is less than 150 mm, depending on the user's height and the like, there is a possibility that no stabilizing effect is obtained pelvis sandwich the hip between the thigh support portion, on the contrary, more than 250mm In this case, the entire back is pushed forward, so that the sitting posture may be lost. In addition, the back surface of the rear support portion 5, that is, the surface on the wheelchair side is provided with a gradual radius R so as to fit the curve in the lateral direction of the back of the wheelchair. This round R is preferably a gentle round having a radius of curvature of about 1000 mm, for example.
他方、側方支持部６の最大高さＨ２及び形状は、車いすの肘との関係において定まり、肘と干渉しない程度の高さ並びに臀部形状に沿った形であることが好ましい。例えば、側方支持部の最大高さＨ２は、１５０〜２２０ｍｍ程度であることが好ましい。最大高さＨ２が１５０ｍｍ未満では、利用者の身長等にもよるが、臀部を左右から挟み込んで骨盤を安定させる効果が得られない虞があり、逆に、２２０ｍｍを超える場合には、側方支持部が着座者の脇腹を必要以上に固定して、圧迫感を与える虞がある。また、側方支持部６の形状は、可能な限り高い方が臀部の支持を可能とするので、肘部と干渉しない程度の高さであることが好ましい。さらに、側方支持部６の形状は、想定する着座者（例えば標準体型の大人など）の臀部形状に沿った形で、臀部を包囲する程度の前後方向の長さを有するものであることが好ましい。この範囲より側方支持部６の前後方向への長さが大きい場合には、当該側方支持部６が着座者の大腿部を左右から圧迫して、窮屈感を与える虞がある。ここで、前述の臀部形状に沿った形とは、例えば図２に示すように、後方支持部５から側方支持部６にかけての内側の面が、後述の背側中敷１５が配置される部分では外側のアールＲと同じ曲率半径１０００ｍｍ程度の緩やかなＲ１とされ、その左右の側方中敷１４が配置される部位では、コーナー部分のアールＲ２が曲率半径４５ｍｍ程度と小さく、前方側のアールＲ３が曲率半径１７０ｍｍ程度とやや大きなアールとなるようにされた複合アールとすることが好ましい。この場合には、着座者の臀部に沿った形状を再現できる。 On the other hand, the maximum height H 2 and the shape of the side support portion 6, Sadamari in relation to the elbow of wheelchair, it is preferable that the height and shape along the buttocks shape so as not to interfere with the elbow. For example, the maximum height H 2 of the side support portion is preferably about 150～220Mm. Maximum height H 2 is less than 150 mm, depending on the user's height and the like, there is a possibility that the effect of stabilizing the pelvis sandwich the buttocks from the left and right can not be obtained, conversely, when it exceeds 220mm, the side There is a risk that the side support portion may unnecessarily fix the occupant's flank and give a feeling of pressure. The shape of the side support portion 6 is preferably as high as possible so as not to interfere with the elbow portion, since the side as high as possible enables the support of the buttocks. Furthermore, the shape of the side support portion 6 is a shape along the shape of the buttock of an assumed seated person (for example, a standard adult), and has a length in the front-rear direction that surrounds the buttock. preferable. When the length in the front-rear direction of the side support portion 6 is larger than this range, the side support portion 6 may press the seated person's thigh from the left and right, giving a tight feeling. Here, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the inner surface from the rear support portion 5 to the side support portion 6 is provided with a back insole 15 to be described later, as shown in FIG. the portion is a gentle R 1 of the same curvature radius of about 1000mm and outer radius R, the site where the lateral insole 14 of the left and right are arranged, Earl R 2 of the corner portion is smaller radius of curvature 45mm about, front It is preferable that the round R 3 on the side is a compound round that is configured to have a slightly large radius with a curvature radius of about 170 mm. In this case, the shape along the buttocks of the seated person can be reproduced.
上述の左右一対の側方支持部６は、着座者の臀部を両側から挟みこむことで、骨盤を左右方向にも安定させることができ、臀部支持部３内にゲル部材７を配設したことと相まって、臀部の仙骨の部位や、臀部と大腿部の付け根付近の大腿支持部の端の部分に接触する部位などに褥瘡が生じるのをさらに確実に防止することができる。 The pair of left and right side support portions 6 described above can stabilize the pelvis in the left and right direction by sandwiching the buttock of the seated person from both sides, and the gel member 7 is disposed in the buttock support portion 3. In combination with this, it is possible to more reliably prevent pressure ulcers from occurring in the sacral region of the buttocks, the region contacting the end portion of the thigh support portion near the base of the buttocks and the thigh.
また、複数のピースを貼り合わせて１つの塊としたクッション１は、図７に示すように、止水カバー１９によって包み込まれて防水構造とされている。これにより、失禁時などに、直接ウレタンクッションが***物に触れて汚れるのを防止することができる。止水カバー１９としては、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、ＰＥＴ、ＰＢＴ、ナイロン等の合成樹脂のフィルムが挙げられ、中でもポリウレタンフィルムが好ましい。ポリウレタンフィルムは、機械的特性に優れる上、柔軟性や伸縮性があり耐久性もよい。また、ゲル部材をポリウレタンゲルによって形成し、かつ各クッションのピースをポリウレタンフォームによって形成するときは、止水カバー１９としてポリウレタンフィルムを用いることで、廃棄時の分別が不要となる。 Moreover, the cushion 1 which bonded the some piece and was made into one lump, as shown in FIG. 7, is wrapped with the water stop cover 19, and is made into the waterproof structure. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the urethane cushion from directly touching the excrement and getting dirty during incontinence. Examples of the water-stop cover 19 include films of synthetic resins such as polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, PET, PBT, and nylon. Of these, polyurethane films are preferable. Polyurethane films are excellent in mechanical properties, flexible and stretchable, and have good durability. Further, when the gel member is formed of polyurethane gel and the cushion pieces are formed of polyurethane foam, the use of the polyurethane film as the water-stop cover 19 eliminates the need for separation at the time of disposal.
一方、本発明にかかる車いす用クッション１を止水カバー１９によって被覆すると、蒸れを起こし易いものとなる。そこで、図８に示すように、止水カバー１９の通気性の無さを補うため、止水カバー１９のさらに外側に通気性に優れる張地例えばメッシュから成るクッションカバー（表皮）２０が被せられる。このクッションカバー２０に因る、表層での通気により、内側の止水カバー１９の表面での蒸れを抑制するように配慮されている。また、クッションカバー２０で覆うことによって、外観を良くすることは勿論である。 On the other hand, if the wheelchair cushion 1 according to the present invention is covered with the water stop cover 19, it becomes easy to cause stuffiness. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, in order to compensate for the lack of breathability of the water stop cover 19, a cushion cover (skin) 20 made of, for example, a mesh having excellent breathability is placed on the outer side of the water stop cover 19. . Consideration is made so as to suppress the moisture on the surface of the inner water-stop cover 19 by ventilation on the surface layer due to the cushion cover 20. Of course, by covering with the cushion cover 20, the appearance is improved.
以上のように複数のピースを張り合わせて１つの塊とした車いす用クッションによれば、任意のピース・クッション素材の形状や硬さを変更することにより、車いす用クッションの硬さや柔らかさ、また形状を部分的に調整することができる。ここで、箱形の外殻部材１１は車いす用クッションとしての構造強度を担保するものであり、同クッションとしての基本形態を構築する。したがって、この箱形の外殻部材１１を基本骨格として、座面表層部材１２、側方中敷１４、背側中敷１５、コーナー補強部１６、背面表層部材１３、大腿部側中敷１７、パッド１８などの形状や硬さ、配置位置などを変更することにより、利用者の障害の有無、障害の位置、障害の度合い、障害の種類などに応じて、体を支える部位毎に適宜調整することが可能となり、効果的に対応することが可能である。依って、車いす用クッションの形状や硬さの自由度（選択肢）を広げることが可能である。特に、部分的な硬さや柔らかさ、形状の変更が可能なであるため、車いす利用者の障害の状態などに合わせて、適切な硬さ、柔らかさ、硬軟領域の分布、形態などを作り出すことができる。 As described above, according to the wheelchair cushion that is made by bonding multiple pieces into one lump, by changing the shape and hardness of any piece cushion material, the hardness, softness, and shape of the wheelchair cushion can be changed. Can be partially adjusted. Here, the box-shaped outer shell member 11 ensures structural strength as a wheelchair cushion, and constructs a basic form as the cushion. Therefore, using the box-shaped outer shell member 11 as a basic skeleton, the seat surface layer member 12, the side insole 14, the back insole 15, the corner reinforcing portion 16, the back surface layer member 13, and the thigh side insole 17 By changing the shape, hardness, placement position, etc. of the pad 18 etc., it is adjusted appropriately for each part that supports the body according to the presence / absence of the obstacle, the position of the obstacle, the degree of the obstacle, the type of the obstacle, etc. It is possible to respond effectively. Therefore, it is possible to expand the freedom (option) of the shape and hardness of the wheelchair cushion. In particular, since partial hardness, softness, and shape can be changed, appropriate hardness, softness, distribution of soft and soft areas, and forms should be created according to the state of disability of wheelchair users. Can do.
また、プラスチックフォームのスラブは、例えば専用カッターナイフで削ることによって、所望の形状に成形して成る。したがって、金型を使わずに任意の形状、硬さのクッション素材を生産性良く作り出すことができる。そこで、身体を支持する部分の形状に合わせてウレタンフォームを削り出し、クッションや姿勢保持具を製作することができる。また、利用者の様々な身体や姿勢の特徴に合わせてウレタンフォームを加工することができる。 The plastic foam slab is formed into a desired shape by, for example, cutting with a dedicated cutter knife. Therefore, a cushion material having an arbitrary shape and hardness can be produced with high productivity without using a mold. Therefore, the urethane foam can be cut out in accordance with the shape of the part that supports the body, and a cushion and a posture holder can be manufactured. In addition, urethane foam can be processed according to the various body and posture characteristics of the user.
他方、車いすの座および背と接する外側の外殻部材１１がクッションとしての形を成り立たせ、変形しながらもこの形を保つケースとしての機能を発揮すると、体に当たる表層部材１２，１３並びに中間層となる側方中敷１４、背側中敷１５、コーナー補強部１６、背面表層部材１３、大腿部側中敷１７、パッド１８、ゲル部材７等が柔らかさを確保する。これにより、車いす用クッションのオーダーメードにも簡単に対応できる。 On the other hand, when the outer shell member 11 that is in contact with the seat of the wheelchair and the back is formed as a cushion and exhibits the function as a case that maintains this shape while being deformed, the surface layer members 12 and 13 that contact the body and the intermediate layer The side insole 14, the back insole 15, the corner reinforcing portion 16, the back surface layer member 13, the thigh side insole 17, the pad 18, the gel member 7 and the like ensure softness. As a result, it is possible to easily cope with custom-made wheelchair cushions.
因みに、図面においては、説明の便宜上、各部材の間での段差や隙間を描いているが、実際にはウレタンの全面接着により空間・隙間はほぼ消滅する。背面表層部材１３と背側中敷１５との関係においても同様に隙間はほとんど発生しない。座面表層部材１２と背面表層部材１３の柔らかいウレタンについては形状に沿って接着することは言うまでもない。 Incidentally, in the drawings, for the sake of convenience of explanation, steps and gaps between the members are drawn, but in reality, the spaces and gaps almost disappear due to the entire adhesion of urethane. Similarly, in the relationship between the back surface layer member 13 and the back insole 15, almost no gap is generated. Needless to say, the soft urethane of the seat surface member 12 and the back surface member 13 is bonded along the shape.
なお、上述の形態は本発明の好適な形態の一例ではあるがこれに限定されるものではなく本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々変形実施可能である。例えば、上述の実施形態では座及び背がスリングシートで構成された折りたたみ式車いすで用いる車いす用クッションとして好適な一例を挙げて本発明を説明したが、これに特に限定されるものではなく、座及び背が撓み難い構造の車いすに用いる車いす用クッションに適用する場合にも好適なものである。 The above-described embodiment is an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention has been described with reference to an example suitable for a wheelchair cushion used in a folding wheelchair having a seat and a back formed of a sling seat. However, the present invention is not particularly limited thereto. The present invention is also suitable when applied to a wheelchair cushion used in a wheelchair having a structure in which the back is difficult to bend.
また、上述の実施形態では、車いす用クッション１は、箱形の外殻部材１１、座面表層部材１２、背面表層部材１３、側方中敷１４、背側中敷１５、コーナー補強部１６、大腿部側中敷１７、パッド１８及びゲル部材７の９ピースから構成されているが、これに特に限定されるものではなく、硬質フォームから成る外殻部材と、軟質フォームから成る表層部材と、表層部材よりも柔らかいゲル部材と、半硬質フォームから成る中敷との複数種の硬さの異なる素材を貼り合わせて３軸方向において少なくとも３層に構成する１つの塊とするのであれば、構成するピース数を減らしてもあるいは増やしても良い。 In the above-described embodiment, the wheelchair cushion 1 includes the box-shaped outer shell member 11, the seat surface member 12, the back surface member 13, the side insole 14, the back insole 15, the corner reinforcing portion 16, Although it is comprised from 9 pieces of the thigh side insole 17, the pad 18, and the gel member 7, it is not specifically limited to this, The outer shell member which consists of a rigid foam, The surface layer member which consists of a flexible foam, If it is a single mass composed of at least three layers in the triaxial direction by laminating a plurality of different materials of hardness of a gel member softer than the surface layer member and an insole made of semi-rigid foam, The number of pieces to be configured may be reduced or increased.
１ 車いす用クッション
２ 大腿支持部
３ 臀部支持部
４ 座部
５ 後方支持部
６ 側方支持部
７ ゲル部材
８ 突起部
９ 窪み
１１ 箱形の外殻部材
１１ａ 後壁部
１１ｂ 側壁部
１１ｄ 底壁部
１２ 座面表層部材
１２ａ 臀部座面部分
１２ｂ 大腿部座面部分
１３ 背面表層部材
１４ 側方中敷
１５ 背側中敷
１６ コーナー補強部
１７ 大腿支持部側中敷
１８ パッド
１９ 止水カバー
２０ クッションカバー
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wheelchair cushion 2 Thigh support part 3 Grow support part 4 Seat part 5 Back support part 6 Side support part 7 Gel member 8 Protrusion part 9 Depression 11 Box-shaped outer shell member 11a Rear wall part 11b Side wall part 11d Bottom wall part 12 Seat surface member 12a Hip seat surface portion 12b Thigh seat surface portion 13 Back surface member 14 Side insole 15 Back insole 16 Corner reinforcement 17 Thigh support side insole 18 Pad 19 Water stop cover 20 Cushion cover
Claims (8)
着座者の臀部の周囲を包囲する後壁部と両側壁部及びこれらを支える底壁部とを少なくとも有し前記車いすの座及び背と接する硬質フォームから成る外殻部材と、
前記外殻部材の着座者側の面を覆い座面及び背面を構成する軟質フォームから成る表層部材と、
前記座面を構成する表層部材の臀部座面部分と前記外殻部材との間に介在される前記表層部材よりも柔らかいゲル部材と、
前記座面を構成する表層部材の大腿部座面部分と前記外殻部材との間及び前記背面を構成する表層部材と前記外殻部材との間に介在される半硬質フォームから成る中敷とを貼り合わせて１つの塊とすることによって、
前方側に大腿支持部、後方側に臀部支持部を形成する座部と、前記臀部支持部の周縁部分で座面の上方側へ延設されて着座者の臀部を後方から支持する後方支持部と、左右両側から支持する左右一対の側方支持部とのそれぞれを、少なくとも３種の硬さの異なる素材で構成することで、鉛直方向並びに左右方向及び背側方向の３軸方向のそれぞれにおいて少なくとも３層に構成して、前記着座者側の面が柔らかく、前記車いすの座並びに背側の面が硬く、前記臀部座面部分はその周囲よりも柔らかく沈み込み易くして着座者の骨盤が前側へずれないようしている車いす用クッション。 In the wheelchair cushion used on the wheelchair seat,
An outer shell member comprising at least a rear wall part surrounding both sides of the seated person's buttocks, both side wall parts, and a bottom wall part supporting them, and made of a rigid foam in contact with the wheelchair seat and the back;
A surface layer member made of a flexible foam that covers a seating person side surface of the outer shell member and constitutes a seating surface and a back surface;
A gel member softer than the surface layer member interposed between the buttocks seat surface portion of the surface layer member constituting the seat surface and the outer shell member;
An insole comprising a semi-rigid foam interposed between a thigh seating surface portion of the surface layer member constituting the seating surface and the outer shell member and between the surface layer member constituting the back surface and the outer shell member. Are combined into one lump,
Thigh support portion to the front side, the seat to form the buttocks supporting portion on the rear side and the rear supporting portion for supporting the buttocks of the seated person from the rear is extended to the upper side of the seat surface at the peripheral portion of the buttocks supporting portion And each of the pair of left and right side support portions supported from the left and right sides are made of at least three kinds of materials having different hardnesses, so that each of the three axial directions of the vertical direction and the left and right directions and the dorsal direction is provided. The seat side is soft, the wheelchair seat and the back side are hard, and the buttocks seat surface is softer and easier to sink than its surroundings. Wheelchair cushion that prevents the pelvis from shifting forward.
前記中敷は前記外殻部材の前記後壁部と前記両側壁部との間のコーナー部分に宛がわれる側方中敷と、左右の前記側方中敷の間の前記外殻部材の前記後壁部に宛がわれる背側中敷と、前記外殻部材の底壁部の上に配置されて前記背側中敷及び左右の前記側方中敷と前記外殻部材の底壁との間のコーナ部分に宛がわれるコーナ補強部材と、前記外殻部材の底壁部と座面を構成する前記表層部材の大腿支持部との間に設置される大腿支持部側中敷と、前記大腿支持部側中敷と前記表層部材との間の両側と中央部とに分けて配置されるパッドとを含むものである請求項１記載の車いす用クッション。 The surface layer member is composed of a seat surface layer member that forms a buttocks seat surface and a thigh seat surface, and a back surface layer member that surrounds the periphery of the seated person's buttocks,
The insole is a side insole addressed to a corner portion between the rear wall portion and the both side wall portions of the outer shell member, and the outer shell member between the left and right side insoles. A dorsal insole addressed to the rear wall; and a back insole and left and right side insoles disposed on the bottom wall of the outer shell member; and a bottom wall of the outer shell member A corner reinforcement member addressed to a corner portion between the thigh support portion side insole installed between a bottom wall portion of the outer shell member and a thigh support portion of the surface layer member constituting the seat surface; The wheelchair cushion according to claim 1, comprising pads arranged separately on both sides between the thigh support portion side insole and the surface layer member and a central portion.
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| JP6923398B2 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2021-08-18 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | Cushions and wheelchairs |
| US11369532B2 (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2022-06-28 | Supracor, Inc. | Adjustable anatomical support and seat cushion apparatus for wheelchairs |
| JP2021023544A (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-22 | 株式会社ジェイエスピー | Cushion body for sitting |
| CN110876847A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-03-13 | 北京盈奇医疗器械有限公司 | Pelvic floor muscle training cushion |
| JP7049714B1 (en) | 2021-05-25 | 2022-04-07 | 株式会社オムニ商会 | Cushion for chair |
| JP2023157354A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-26 | 初彦 加治 | Pelvic floor muscles ems exercise apparatus |
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| JPH0636782Y2 (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1994-09-28 | アキレス株式会社 | Cushion material |
| JPH0675454U (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1994-10-25 | 正裕 近澤 | Wheelchair mattress |
| JP3564218B2 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2004-09-08 | タカノ株式会社 | Cushion structure |
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| US10582793B1 (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2020-03-10 | Let's Gel Incorporated | Anti-fatigue mat with an encapsulatively sealed gel member |
| US10849450B1 (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2020-12-01 | Let's Gel Incorporated | Anti-fatigue mat with an encapsulatively sealed gel member |
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