JP6214015B1 - Plant support material for steam cultivation - Google Patents

Plant support material for steam cultivation Download PDF

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JP6214015B1
JP6214015B1 JP2016209322A JP2016209322A JP6214015B1 JP 6214015 B1 JP6214015 B1 JP 6214015B1 JP 2016209322 A JP2016209322 A JP 2016209322A JP 2016209322 A JP2016209322 A JP 2016209322A JP 6214015 B1 JP6214015 B1 JP 6214015B1
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steam
water vapor
plant support
planting
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廣津　俊昭
俊昭 廣津
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HONEY STEEL CO., LTD.
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Abstract

【課題】植栽資材としても花卉や生鮮野菜類の輸送手段としても、安価で取り扱い易く底面潅水機能の点でも優れ、生け花、挿木に好適な水蒸気栽培用植物支持材を提供する。【解決手段】水蒸気漂流層１１の上側にタフテッドパイル布帛１２に成る植栽資材層１３を積層し、包装資材１４で包囲して水蒸気栽培用植物支持材を構成する。水蒸気漂流層には単繊維繊度が１〜３０ｄｔｅｘの合成繊維ウェブと熱融着性低融点ポリマーに成り、嵩比重０．０１ｇ／ｃｍ3〜０．０７ｇ／ｃｍ3、空隙率９３％〜９９％の不織布を使用する。植栽資材層には吸湿性合成繊維に成る嵩比重０．０８ｇ／ｃｍ3〜０．１４ｇ／ｃｍ3のタフテッドパイル布帛を使用し、そのタフテッドパイル布帛１２を包装資材１４に装填して空隙率８５％〜９６％の植栽資材層とする。植物２１は、植栽資材層の表面に現れて隣り合うタフテッドパイル布帛間の継ぎ目１９に差し込んで支持する。【選択図】図１An object of the present invention is to provide a plant support material for steam cultivation suitable as a flower arrangement and cutting, as a planting material, as a means of transporting florets and fresh vegetables, inexpensive, easy to handle and excellent in the bottom irrigation function. SOLUTION: A planting material layer 13 comprising a tufted pile fabric 12 is laminated on an upper side of a steam drifting layer 11 and surrounded by a packaging material 14 to constitute a plant support material for steam cultivation. The steam drift layer is composed of a synthetic fiber web having a single fiber fineness of 1 to 30 dtex and a heat-fusible low-melting-point polymer, and has a bulk specific gravity of 0.01 g / cm3 to 0.07 g / cm3 and a porosity of 93% to 99%. Is used. For the planting material layer, a tufted pile fabric having a bulk specific gravity of 0.08 g / cm 3 to 0.14 g / cm 3, which is a hygroscopic synthetic fiber, is used, and the tufted pile fabric 12 is loaded into the packaging material 14 to obtain a porosity. The planting material layer is 85% to 96%. The plant 21 appears on the surface of the planting material layer and is supported by being inserted into the joint 19 between the tufted pile fabrics adjacent to each other. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、播殖床、苗床、挿芽床、挿木床等の植栽床や剣山その他の花卉支持具、輸送生鮮野菜支持具等として植物を支えるために使用される植栽資材に関するものである。   The present invention relates to planting materials used for supporting plants as planting floors such as seedling beds, nursery beds, sprouting beds, cutting floors, swordssan and other flower bud support tools, transport fresh vegetable support tools, and the like. .

植栽資材として、貯水層の上側に保温空隙層と土壌層を積層した植物栽培マット（例えば、特許文献１，２参照）、水流通層の上側に毛管上昇遮断空隙層と土壌層を積層した植物栽培装置（例えば、特許文献３参照）、不織布の上側に土壌を積層した底面潅水マット（例えば、特許文献４参照）、水流通層の上側に毛管現象遮断空隙層とタフテッドファブリック層を積層した植栽装置（例えば、特許文献５参照）が知られている。   As planting material, a plant cultivation mat (for example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2) in which a heat retaining void layer and a soil layer are laminated on the upper side of the water storage layer, and a capillary rise blocking void layer and a soil layer are laminated on the upper side of the water circulation layer. Plant cultivation device (for example, see Patent Document 3), bottom irrigation mat (for example, see Patent Document 4) in which soil is laminated on the upper side of the nonwoven fabric, and capillarity blocking air gap layer and tufted fabric layer on the upper side of the water circulation layer A planting apparatus (see, for example, Patent Document 5) is known.

特許第３３９３２０５号公報（特開２００１−２５８３８７）Japanese Patent No. 3393205 (JP 2001-258387) 特許第４７２５８３９号公報（特開２００６−３２５４６０）Japanese Patent No. 4725839 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-325460) 特公平４−３９２９５号公報（特開昭６１−０８８８２７）Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-39295 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-088827) 特許第４７２５８３４号公報（特開２００６−０１４６９１）Japanese Patent No. 4725834 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-014691) 特開２０１４−１１７１６３号公報JP 2014-117163 A

上記特許文献１〜４に記載の植栽資材は、最上層の土壌層が重いので持ち運び難く、移動中に空隙層である下層の保温空隙層や毛管上昇遮断空隙層が押し潰されて貯水層や水流通層に崩れ落ち易く、移動中に振り動かされる輸送生鮮野菜支持具には不向きである。   The planting materials described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 are difficult to carry because the uppermost soil layer is heavy, and the lower heat insulating void layer and capillary rise blocking void layer that are void layers are crushed during movement and the reservoir It tends to collapse into the water distribution layer and is not suitable for transporting fresh vegetable supports that are swung during movement.

又、土壌に代えてタフテッドファブリックを植栽床とする上記特許文献５に記載の植栽装置は軽く持ち運びに便利ではあるが、水流通層との間が毛管現象遮断空隙層で仕切られているので、水流通層の水分が植栽床に移行し難い点が問題として残る。   Moreover, although the planting apparatus of the said patent document 5 which uses a tufted fabric instead of soil as a planting floor is light and convenient for carrying around, it is partitioned by the capillary phenomenon interruption | blocking air gap layer between water distribution layers. Therefore, the point that the water | moisture content of a water distribution layer cannot transfer to a planting floor remains as a problem.

そこで本発明は、軽くて持ち運び易く植栽資材としても花卉や生鮮野菜類の輸送手段としても安価で取り扱い易く、底面潅水機能の点でも優れ、特に、剣山に代用し得て生け花や挿芽・挿木に好適な水蒸気栽培用植物支持材を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention is light, easy to carry, inexpensive as a planting material, as a means of transporting florets and fresh vegetables, easy to handle, and excellent in terms of bottom irrigation function. It aims at providing the plant support material for steam cultivation suitable for cutting.

本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材は、不織布によって構成された水蒸気漂流層１１の上側にタフテッドパイル布帛１２によって構成された植栽資材層１３を積層して成る積層構造物の周囲を包装資材１４で包囲して構成され、水蒸気漂流層１１を構成している不織布が単繊維繊度１〜３０ｄｔｅｘの合成繊維ウェブと熱融着性低融点ポリマーとによって構成され、合成繊維ウェブの隣り合う合成繊維２５と合成繊維２５の間が熱融着性低融点ポリマーによって接合されており、水蒸気漂流層１１の嵩比重が０．０１ｇ／ｃｍ3 〜０．０７ｇ／ｃｍ3 であり、水蒸気漂流層１１の空隙率が９３％〜９９％であり、タフテッドパイル布帛１２のパイル１５が吸湿性合成繊維によって構成され、タフテッドパイル布帛の基布１６が吸湿性合成繊維を含有し、タフテッドパイル布帛が基布１６を垂直方向に向け基布１６からの突出方向を水平方向に向けて水蒸気漂流層の上側に並べて積層されており、タフテッドパイル布帛の嵩比重が０．０８ｇ／ｃｍ3 〜０．１４ｇ／ｃｍ3 であり、植栽資材層１３の内部の空隙率が８５％〜９６％であることを第１の特徴とする。 The plant support material for steam cultivation according to the present invention is packaged around a laminated structure in which a planting material layer 13 composed of a tufted pile fabric 12 is laminated on the steam drifting layer 11 composed of a nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven fabric surrounded by the material 14 and constituting the water vapor drift layer 11 is composed of a synthetic fiber web having a single fiber fineness of 1 to 30 dtex and a heat-fusible low-melting polymer, and the synthetic fiber webs are adjacent to each other. The fiber 25 and the synthetic fiber 25 are joined together by a heat-fusible low-melting polymer, the bulk density of the steam drift layer 11 is 0.01 g / cm 3 to 0.07 g / cm 3 , and the steam drift layer 11 The pile 15 of the tufted pile fabric 12 is composed of hygroscopic synthetic fibers, and the base fabric 16 of the tufted pile fabric is hygroscopic synthetic fibers. The tufted pile fabric is laminated with the base fabric 16 in the vertical direction and the protruding direction from the base fabric 16 in the horizontal direction on the upper side of the steam drifting layer, and the bulk specific gravity of the tufted pile fabric is was 0.08g / cm 3 ~0.14g / cm 3 , the first feature that the internal porosity of the implant栽資material layer 13 is 85% to 96%.

本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の第２の特徴は、上記第１の特徴に加えて、タフテッドパイル布帛のパイル１５を構成し基布１６が含有する吸湿性合成繊維がレーヨン、ビニロン、アセテートおよびアクリル繊維の何れかであり、水蒸気漂流層１１の合成繊維がポリエステル繊維とポリプロピレン繊維の何れかである点にある。   The second feature of the plant support material for steam cultivation according to the present invention is that, in addition to the first feature, the hygroscopic synthetic fiber constituting the pile 15 of the tufted pile fabric and contained in the base fabric 16 is rayon, vinylon. And the synthetic fibers of the water vapor drift layer 11 are either polyester fibers or polypropylene fibers.

本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の第３の特徴は、上記第１および第２の何れかの特徴に加えて、水蒸気漂流層１１と植栽資材層１３の間に肥料成分保持層１７が積層されている点にある（図２）。   The third feature of the plant support material for steam cultivation according to the present invention is that the fertilizer component holding layer 17 is interposed between the steam drifting layer 11 and the planting material layer 13 in addition to any of the first and second features. Are stacked (FIG. 2).

本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の第４の特徴は、上記第１、第２および第３の何れかの特徴に加えて、水蒸気漂流層１１の下層部が貯水性容器１８で包まれている点にある（図１）。   The fourth feature of the plant support material for steam cultivation according to the present invention is that, in addition to any one of the first, second and third features, the lower layer portion of the steam drifting layer 11 is wrapped in a water storage container 18. (Fig. 1).

本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の第５の特徴は、上記第１、第２、第３および第４の何れかの特徴に加えて、包装資材１４が防水材である点にある。   The fifth feature of the plant support material for steam cultivation according to the present invention is that, in addition to any of the first, second, third and fourth features, the packaging material 14 is a waterproof material.

本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の第６の特徴は、上記第１、第２、第３、第４および第５の何れかの特徴に加えて、包装資材１４が、水蒸気漂流層１１と植栽資材層１３が内嵌する内装材３４と、その内装材３４が内嵌する外装材４４とによる多重構造になっている点にある（図４）。   The sixth feature of the plant support material for steam cultivation according to the present invention is that, in addition to any of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth features, the packaging material 14 is a steam drift layer 11. And the interior material 34 in which the planting material layer 13 is fitted, and the exterior material 44 in which the interior material 34 is fitted (FIG. 4).

本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の第７の特徴は、上記第６の特徴に加えて、内装材３４が、水蒸気漂流層１１が内嵌する下部内装材５１と、植栽資材層１３が内嵌する上部内装材５３に分割されている点にある（図５）。   The seventh feature of the plant support material for steam cultivation according to the present invention is that, in addition to the sixth feature, the interior material 34 includes a lower interior material 51 into which the steam drift layer 11 is fitted, and a planting material layer 13. Is divided into the upper interior material 53 to be fitted (FIG. 5).

本発明の植物支持体の下層の水蒸気漂流層１１を水面に沈めると、水蒸気漂流層１１は周囲が包装資材１３で包囲されて密封された空間となる（図１）。
その水蒸気漂流層１１は、隣り合う合成繊維と合成繊維の間が熱融着性低融点ポリマーによって接合された空隙率が９３％〜９９％であり嵩比重が０．０１ｇ／ｃｍ3 〜０．０７ｇ／ｃｍ3 の不織布で構成されており、樹脂皮膜の気泡セル壁で空間が細かく仕切られたポリウレタンその他の樹脂発泡体とは異なり、水面から発生する水蒸気は水蒸気漂流層１１の内部空間に漂い易くなっている。
同じ理由で、水蒸気漂流層の合成繊維２５には短繊維ではなく長繊維を用いる。短繊維では繊維端末が障害物のように隙間２６に突き出て水蒸気の漂流を妨げるからである。 When the water vapor drift layer 11 under the plant support of the present invention is submerged in the water surface, the water vapor drift layer 11 is surrounded by a packaging material 13 and sealed (FIG. 1).
The water vapor drift layer 11 has a void ratio of 93% to 99% and a bulk specific gravity of 0.01 g / cm 3 to 0.00. Unlike polyurethane and other resin foams, which are made of a non-woven fabric of 07 g / cm 3 and the space is finely partitioned by the cell walls of the resin film, water vapor generated from the water surface drifts in the internal space of the water vapor drift layer 11. It is easy.
For the same reason, a long fiber is used instead of a short fiber for the synthetic fiber 25 of the water vapor drift layer. This is because in the case of short fibers, the fiber ends protrude into the gaps 26 like obstacles and hinder the drift of water vapor.

本発明の植物支持体の表面の植栽資材層１３は、基布１６を垂直方向に向けて並べられたタフテッドパイル布帛１２によって構成され、植物支持体の表面は並べられて水平方向に重なり合って隣り合うタフテッドパイル布帛１２とタフテッドパイル布帛１２との間の垂直方向にも水平方向にも長く続く継ぎ目１９・１９・１９………が水平方向に幾重にも現れる。その継ぎ目１９は、隣り合うタフテッドパイル布帛１２とタフテッドパイル布帛１２とが接着されず単に触れ合って垂直方向にも水平方向にも続く臨界面であるから、植栽資材層１３の下層の水蒸気漂流層１１の内部の密封空間を漂う水蒸気は、その臨界面に沿って上昇し易く、植栽資材層１３のパイル間の隙間に沿って上昇する過程で結露して植栽資材層１３に吸収される。   The planting material layer 13 on the surface of the plant support of the present invention is constituted by a tufted pile fabric 12 in which the base fabric 16 is arranged in the vertical direction, and the surface of the plant support is arranged and overlaps in the horizontal direction. The seams 19, 19, 19... Between the adjacent tufted pile fabric 12 and the tufted pile fabric 12 that extend in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction appear multiple times in the horizontal direction. The seam 19 is a critical surface that continues in both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction because the adjacent tufted pile fabric 12 and the tufted pile fabric 12 are not bonded to each other, and therefore, water vapor below the planting material layer 13. Water vapor drifting in the sealed space inside the drifting layer 11 is likely to rise along the critical plane, and is condensed and absorbed by the planting material layer 13 in the process of rising along the gaps between the piles of the planting material layer 13. Is done.

そのため、その植物支持体の表面に沿って続く継ぎ目１９・１９………に沿って挿芽や挿木、花卉等を差し込めば、その挿芽や挿木、花卉等は、継ぎ目１９・１９………に沿って発根し、水蒸気漂流層１１に向けて、パイル間の隙間を縫うように根２０を降ろす（図３）。こうして植物２１を増殖させ、輸送過程では鮮度を保持することが出来る。   Therefore, if sprouting, cuttings, flower buds, etc. are inserted along the joints 19, 19 along the surface of the plant support, the sprouting, cuttings, flower buds, etc. are connected to the joints 19, 19 ... ……. And roots 20 are lowered so as to sew the gaps between the piles toward the steam drift layer 11 (FIG. 3). In this way, the plant 21 can be grown and the freshness can be maintained in the transportation process.

植物支持体は、嵩比重が０．０１ｇ／ｃｍ3 〜０．０７ｇ／ｃｍ3 の水蒸気漂流層１１と嵩比重が０．０８ｇ／ｃｍ3 〜０．２０ｇ／ｃｍ3 の植栽資材層１３とで構成され、水蒸気栽培用植物支持材全体の嵩比重は多く見積もっても０．２０ｇ／ｃｍ3 未満となり、直径７ｃｍ×丈１０ｃｍのコップ相当の植物支持体の質量は６０５×０．２≒１２１（ｇ）と軽い。植栽資材層１３は、弾性変形可能な不織布（１１）とタフテッドパイル布帛１２で構成されているので、植栽するとしても輸送するとしても数十個の植物支持体をトレーに装填して効率的に取り扱うことが出来る。 Plant support bulk density and planting栽資material layer 13 of 0.01g / cm 3 ~0.07g / vapor drifting layer 11 and the bulk specific gravity of cm 3 is 0.08g / cm 3 ~0.20g / cm 3 The bulk specific gravity of the whole plant support material for steam cultivation is less than 0.20 g / cm 3, and the mass of the plant support equivalent to a cup having a diameter of 7 cm and a length of 10 cm is 605 × 0.2≈121. (G) and light. Since the planting material layer 13 is composed of the elastically deformable nonwoven fabric (11) and the tufted pile fabric 12, even if planting or transporting, dozens of plant supports are loaded on the tray. It can be handled efficiently.

タフテッドパイル布帛１２は、公定水分率１１．０％のレーヨン、公定水分率５．０％のビニロン繊維、公定水分率３．０〜６．５％のアセテート、公定水分率１〜２％のアクリル繊維等の吸湿性合成繊維に成るので、水蒸気が結露して植栽資材層１３に貯えられ、植物２１へと供給し易い。
水蒸気漂流層１１を公定水分率が０％のポリプロピレン繊維や０．４％のポリエステル繊維に成る不織布で構成すれば、水蒸気漂流層内を漂う水蒸気は相変化して結露水になることなく水蒸気漂流層内は水蒸気で充満して植栽資材層１３に移行し易い。 Tufted pile fabric 12 is made of rayon with an official moisture content of 11.0%, vinylon fiber with an official moisture content of 5.0%, acetate with an official moisture content of 3.0-6.5%, and an official moisture content of 1-2%. Since it becomes a hygroscopic synthetic fiber such as an acrylic fiber, water vapor is condensed and stored in the planting material layer 13 and is easily supplied to the plant 21.
If the water vapor drift layer 11 is made of non-woven fabric made of polypropylene fiber with an official moisture content of 0% or 0.4% polyester fiber, the water vapor drifting in the water vapor drift layer does not change into a condensed water. The inside of the layer is filled with water vapor and easily moves to the planting material layer 13.

水蒸気漂流層１１と植栽資材層１３の間に植物質肥料成分保持層１７が積層されていれば、植物質肥料成分保持層１７に移行した水蒸気が植物質資料に触れ結露して液体肥料となるので、植栽過程や輸送過程での施肥管理が簡略化され楽になる。   If the plant fertilizer component holding layer 17 is laminated between the water vapor drift layer 11 and the planting material layer 13, the water vapor transferred to the plant fertilizer component holding layer 17 touches and condenses the plant material, and the liquid fertilizer Therefore, fertilization management in the planting process and the transportation process is simplified and facilitated.

水蒸気漂流層１１の下層部が貯水性容器１８で包まれていれば、植栽過程や輸送過程で水蒸気漂流層１１が乾燥状態になる危険が回避され、潅水管理が簡略化され楽になる。
貯水性容器１８の深さは、水蒸気漂流層全体が水２２で満たされることがないように水蒸気漂流層１１の深さよりも浅くし、或いは、水蒸気漂流層１１の深さよりも浅い位置にオーバーフロー孔を設ける。そのようにオーバーフロー孔を設ける場合、貯水性容器１８を包装資材１４に兼用することが出来る。
包装資材１４に防水材を使用すれば、水蒸気漂流層内の気密化が担保される。 If the lower layer part of the water vapor drift layer 11 is wrapped in the water storage container 18, the risk of the water vapor drift layer 11 becoming dry in the planting process or the transportation process is avoided, and irrigation management is simplified and facilitated.
The depth of the water storage container 18 is shallower than the depth of the water vapor drift layer 11 so that the entire water vapor drift layer is not filled with the water 22, or the overflow hole is located at a position shallower than the depth of the water vapor drift layer 11. Is provided. When the overflow hole is provided as described above, the water storage container 18 can also be used as the packaging material 14.
If a waterproof material is used for the packaging material 14, airtightness in the water vapor drift layer is ensured.

包装資材１４を水蒸気漂流層１１と植栽資材層１３が内嵌する内装材３４と、その内装材３４が内嵌する外装材４４とによる多重構造にすると、包装資材１４が強度的に安定し、水蒸気漂流層１１や植栽資材層１３を包装資材１４の空洞３１・３３に装填し易くなり、水蒸気栽培用植物支持材を効率的に組み立て経済的に提供することが可能となる。   When the packaging material 14 has a multi-layer structure including an interior material 34 in which the water vapor drift layer 11 and the planting material layer 13 are fitted, and an exterior material 44 in which the interior material 34 is fitted, the packaging material 14 is stable in strength. Moreover, it becomes easy to load the steam drift layer 11 and the planting material layer 13 into the cavities 31 and 33 of the packaging material 14, and the plant support material for steam cultivation can be efficiently assembled and provided economically.

特に、内装材３４を、水蒸気漂流層１１が内嵌する下部内装材５１と、植栽資材層１３が内嵌する上部内装材５３に分割すると、外装材４４の空洞３０に上部内装材５３と下部内装材５１を上側からと下側からと別々に装填し、それらを空洞内３０で位置合せをすることが出来、上部内装材５３の上縁と植栽資材層１３の上縁、および、下部内装材５１の下縁と植栽資材層１３の下縁を効率的に揃えることが可能となる。   In particular, when the interior material 34 is divided into a lower interior material 51 into which the water vapor drift layer 11 is fitted and an upper interior material 53 into which the planting material layer 13 is fitted, the upper interior material 53 and the cavity 30 of the exterior material 44 are The lower interior material 51 can be loaded separately from the upper side and the lower side, and they can be aligned in the cavity 30, and the upper edge of the upper interior material 53 and the upper edge of the planting material layer 13, and It is possible to efficiently align the lower edge of the lower interior material 51 and the lower edge of the planting material layer 13.

本発明において、包装資材１４を内装材３４と外装材４４とによる多重構造、或いは、包装資材１４を内装材３４と外装材４４とによる二重構造と言う『多重』或いは『二重』とは、内装材３４と外装材４４を『上下多重』或いは『上下二重』にすることを意味せず、図４と図５に図示するように、内装材３４と外装材４４を『水平方向に多重』或いは『水平方向に二重』にすることを意味する。   In the present invention, “multiple” or “double” means that the packaging material 14 is a multiple structure composed of the interior material 34 and the exterior material 44, or the packaging material 14 is a double structure composed of the interior material 34 and the exterior material 44. It does not mean that the interior material 34 and the exterior material 44 are "upper and lower multiple" or "upper and lower double", and as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the interior material 34 and the exterior material 44 are It means "multiple" or "double in the horizontal direction".

そのように包装資材１４を内装材３４と外装材４４とによる多重構造、或いは、包装資材１４を内装材３４と外装材４４とによる二重構造にする場合、内装材３４と外装材４４の色彩を変えると、水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の上端縁がツウトーンカラーに縁取られて美しく仕上がる。
水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の上端を美しく仕上げる上では、水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の上端に現れるタフテッドパイル布帛１２の上端縁２７にオーバーロックを施し、或いは、タフテッドパイル布帛１２の上端縁２７をヒートカットして解れ止めを施しておくことが望ましい。 As described above, when the packaging material 14 has a multiple structure composed of the interior material 34 and the exterior material 44, or when the packaging material 14 has a double structure composed of the interior material 34 and the exterior material 44, the colors of the interior material 34 and the exterior material 44. In other words, the top edge of the plant support material for steam cultivation is trimmed with a toe-tone color for a beautiful finish.
In order to beautifully finish the upper end of the plant support material for steam cultivation, the upper end edge 27 of the tufted pile fabric 12 that appears at the upper end of the plant support material for steam cultivation is over-locked, or the upper end edge 27 of the tufted pile fabric 12 It is desirable to heat-cut and to prevent unwinding.

植栽資材層１３は、タフテッドパイル布帛１２を水平方向に巻き込んで構成してもよいし）図１）、水平方向に寄せ集めて構成してもよい（図２，図３）。
水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の上端を美しく仕上げる上では、タフテッドパイル布帛１２の上端縁２７と内装材３４の上端をツウトーンカラーに彩ることが望ましい。 The planting material layer 13 may be configured by winding the tufted pile fabric 12 in the horizontal direction (FIG. 1) or may be configured by gathering in the horizontal direction (FIGS. 2 and 3).
In order to beautifully finish the upper end of the plant support material for steam cultivation, it is desirable to color the upper end edge 27 of the tufted pile fabric 12 and the upper end of the interior material 34 in a two tone color.

タフテッドパイル布帛１２の嵩比重が０．０８ｇ／ｃｍ3 〜０．１４ｇ／ｃｍ3 であり、タフテッドパイル布帛１２を構成している吸湿性合成繊維が例えば比重２．０のアクリル繊維であれば、植栽資材層１３に占める吸湿性合成繊維の容積比率は４％〜７％となり、植栽資材層内部に占める空隙率は吸湿性合成繊維の容積比率を差し引いた９３％〜９６％となるべきである。
しかし本発明において、植栽資材層１３の内部の空隙率を８５％〜９６％に規定している理由は、タフテッドパイル布帛が嵩高な物品であり、包装資材１４に装填するときは、その装填の仕方で嵩が増減変化して、植栽資材層１３の内部の空隙率が８５％〜９６％になることによる。 Bulk density of tufted pile fabric 12 is 0.08g / cm 3 ~0.14g / cm 3 , there hygroscopic synthetic fibers constituting the tufted pile fabric 12 with acrylic fibers the specific gravity 2.0 For example, the volume ratio of the hygroscopic synthetic fiber in the planting material layer 13 is 4% to 7%, and the void ratio in the planting material layer is 93% to 96% minus the volume ratio of the hygroscopic synthetic fiber. Should be.
However, in the present invention, the reason why the internal porosity of the planting material layer 13 is defined as 85% to 96% is that the tufted pile fabric is a bulky article, and when the packaging material 14 is loaded, This is because the bulk of the planting material layer 13 is increased or decreased depending on how it is loaded, and the porosity of the planting material layer 13 is 85% to 96%.

そのように嵩を縮め装填された植栽資材層１３は、包装資材１４の入り口に装填された栓となって水蒸気栽培用植物支持材を密封することになるから、その嵩の縮め具合によって水蒸気漂流層に漂う水蒸気の植栽資材層１３への移行が抑えられ、又、植栽資材層１３からの水蒸気の発散も抑えられる。
従って、植栽資材層１３であるタフテッドパイル布帛１２の包装資材１４への装填の仕方によって植栽資材層１３の貯水量や水蒸気漂流層１１の水蒸気の漂流密度を調製することが出来、それらの貯水量や漂流密度を加減するために嵩比重の異なる種々のタフテッドパイル布帛１２を用意する必要はなく、本発明を経済的に実施することが出来る。 The planting material layer 13 thus loaded with reduced bulk becomes a plug loaded at the entrance of the packaging material 14 and seals the plant support material for steam cultivation. The transition of water vapor drifting in the drifting layer to the planting material layer 13 is suppressed, and the diffusion of water vapor from the planting material layer 13 is also suppressed.
Therefore, the amount of water stored in the planting material layer 13 and the water vapor drift density in the water vapor drift layer 11 can be adjusted depending on how the tufted pile fabric 12 as the planting material layer 13 is loaded into the packaging material 14. It is not necessary to prepare various tufted pile fabrics 12 having different bulk specific gravity in order to adjust the amount of stored water and the drift density, and the present invention can be implemented economically.

本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the plant support material for water vapor cultivation concerning the present invention. 本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the plant support material for water vapor cultivation concerning the present invention. 本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の植栽資材層の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the planting material layer of the plant support material for water vapor cultivation concerning the present invention. 本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の外装資材の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the exterior material of the plant support material for water vapor cultivation concerning the present invention. 本発明に係る水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の外装資材の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the exterior material of the plant support material for water vapor cultivation concerning the present invention.

植栽資材層１３の嵩比重を緻密にし、内部の空隙率を少なくするには、基布１６を垂直方向に向けて水蒸気漂流層１１の上側に並べて積層して水平方向に隣り合って重なるタフテッドパイル布帛１２を紐で結束して包装資材１４に装填する。
タフテッドパイル布帛１２の並べ方は、タフテッドパイル布帛１２を渦巻き状に巻き込んでもよいし（図１）、タフテッドパイル布帛１２の裁断片を平行に並べたものでもよい（図２）。 In order to make the bulk density of the planting material layer 13 dense and reduce the internal void ratio, the base fabric 16 is laminated in the vertical direction so as to be stacked on the upper side of the water vapor drifting layer 11 and stacked adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction. Ted pile fabric 12 is bound with a string and loaded into packaging material 14.
The tufted pile fabric 12 may be arranged by winding the tufted pile fabric 12 in a spiral shape (FIG. 1) or by arranging the cut pieces of the tufted pile fabric 12 in parallel (FIG. 2).

肥料成分保持層１７には、枯れ葉や枯れ草、水苔等の繊維質植物、堆肥や腐葉土を主材とし、化成肥料や苦土石灰、油粕，骨粉、鶏糞、土等を配合して使用する。   The fertilizer component retaining layer 17 is mainly composed of fibrous plants such as dead leaves, dead grass and moss, compost and humus, and compounded with fertilizer, bitter lime, oil cake, bone meal, chicken manure, and soil.

包装資材１４には可撓性に富むポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレン・酢酸ビニル等の軟質プラスチックフィルムを使用することが出来、それにはブロー成形された円筒形フィルムが好適に使用される。
そのようにプラスチックフィルムに成る包装資材は、水蒸気栽培用植物支持材が直方体であれば直方体に変形するし、水蒸気栽培用植物支持材が三角柱であれば三角柱に変形するので水蒸気栽培用植物支持材の装填前に円筒形を成すものである必要はなく、矩形のプラスチックフィルムを折り畳んで底辺と側縁を綴じ合せた袋状のものであってもよい。
又、植物支持材はコップその他の容器に装填して使用し得るので、包装資材１４を必ずしも周囲が密封された円筒形にする必要はなく、矩形のプラスチックフィルムを折り畳んで重なり合う側縁と側縁を接着テープで部分的に綴じ合せたものであってもよい。
但し、円筒形包装資材１４を使用する場合は、円筒形包装資材１４の両端に装填される植栽資材層１３と水蒸気漂流層１１が栓となって水蒸気栽培用植物支持材を密封することになるから、その装填時の植栽資材層１３や水蒸気漂流層１１の嵩の縮め具合によって、水蒸気漂流層に漂う水蒸気の植栽資材層１３への移行具合を調整し、又、植栽資材層１３からの水蒸気の発散具合も調整し得るメリットもある。 The packaging material 14 can be made of a flexible plastic film such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene / vinyl acetate, and the like. A blown cylindrical film is preferably used for the packaging material 14.
The packaging material made of plastic film is transformed into a rectangular parallelepiped if the plant support material for steam cultivation is a rectangular parallelepiped, and transformed into a triangular prism if the plant support material for steam cultivation is a triangular prism. It is not necessary to form a cylindrical shape before loading, and it may be a bag-like shape in which a rectangular plastic film is folded and the bottom and side edges are bound together.
Further, since the plant support material can be used by being loaded in a cup or other container, it is not always necessary to make the packaging material 14 into a cylindrical shape whose periphery is sealed, and the side edges and side edges that overlap each other by folding a rectangular plastic film. May be partially bound with an adhesive tape.
However, when the cylindrical packaging material 14 is used, the planting material layer 13 and the steam drifting layer 11 loaded at both ends of the cylindrical packaging material 14 serve as plugs to seal the plant support material for steam cultivation. Therefore, the degree of transition of the water vapor drifting in the water vapor drifting layer 13 to the planting material layer 13 is adjusted by the degree of contraction of the bulk of the planting material layer 13 and the water vapor drifting layer 11 at the time of loading, and the planting material layer There is also an advantage that the degree of water vapor from 13 can be adjusted.

要するに、包装資材１４は、使用前の水蒸気栽培用植物支持材が植栽資材層１３と水蒸気漂流層１１に分離しないように繋ぎ止めるものであればよい。
しかし、包装資材１４は、その外周が植栽資材層１３や水蒸気漂流層１１の外周よりも狭く、嵩を縮めて装填した植栽資材層１３や水蒸気漂流層１１が、その有する弾性回復力によって包装資材１４の内面に密着する寸法（大きさ）にすることが望ましい。 In short, the packaging material 14 only needs to be connected so that the plant support material for steam cultivation before use is not separated into the planting material layer 13 and the steam drifting layer 11.
However, the outer periphery of the packaging material 14 is narrower than the outer periphery of the planting material layer 13 and the water vapor drifting layer 11, and the planting material layer 13 and the water vapor drifting layer 11 loaded with a reduced volume are subjected to elastic recovery force. It is desirable that the size (size) be in close contact with the inner surface of the packaging material 14.

包装資材１４は、貯水性容器１８に兼用し得るものであってもよい。
貯水性容器１８を兼ねた包装資材１４にガラス、アルミニウム、ステンレス、銅その他の金属やポリスチレン、硬質塩化ビニル、硬質ポリエチレン、硬質ポリエステル等の硬質資材を使用する場合は、それを矩形の水槽形にし、或いは、縦横何れか一方の寸法が他方の寸法の５倍以上となる細長い溝形にし、適宜内部を数区画に仕切った各区画に複数個の植物支持材を装填して使用することが出来る。
細長い溝形の貯水性容器１８を兼ねた包装資材１４を使用する場合は、その長さ方向に一直線状に続くように二枚のタフテッドパイル布帛１２・１２を向かい合せに並べて装填することも出来る。 The packaging material 14 may be used as the water storage container 18.
When using hard materials such as glass, aluminum, stainless steel, copper and other metals or polystyrene, hard vinyl chloride, hard polyethylene, hard polyester, etc. for the packaging material 14 that also serves as the water storage container 18, it is made into a rectangular water tank shape. Or, it can be used by loading a plurality of plant support materials into each of the compartments divided into several compartments as appropriate, with one of the vertical and horizontal dimensions of 5 or more times the other dimension. .
When using the packaging material 14 that also serves as an elongated groove-shaped water storage container 18, two tufted pile fabrics 12, 12 may be loaded side by side so as to continue in a straight line in the length direction. I can do it.

タフテッドパイル布帛１２も不織布（１１）もクッション性に優れた繊維性多孔質物質である。本発明では、その二つの繊維性多孔質物質を水蒸気漂流層１１と植栽資材層１３に使い分けている。
そのように使い分ける理由は、水蒸気漂流層１１に適用している不織布の構造が単純で繊維２５と繊維２５に囲まれる繊維間の隙間２６が大きく、その隙間２６を通って水蒸気が自由に漂流し得る特徴があるが、植栽資材層１３に適用しているタフテッドパイル布帛１２には基布１６があって水蒸気が表裏漂流し難く、そのパイルの繊維２３と繊維２３に囲まれる繊維間の隙間２４が細かく、パイルに妨げられて水蒸気が自由に漂流しないと言う不織布とタフテッドパイル布帛との細部の構造と性状の差異による（図２）。
従って、水蒸気漂流層１１の空隙率を水蒸気漂流層１１の空隙率よりも多くすることが肝要である。 Both tufted pile fabric 12 and nonwoven fabric (11) are fibrous porous materials with excellent cushioning properties. In the present invention, the two fibrous porous materials are used separately for the water vapor drift layer 11 and the planting material layer 13.
The reason for properly using such a structure is that the structure of the nonwoven fabric applied to the water vapor drift layer 11 is simple and the gaps 26 between the fibers 25 and the fibers 25 are large. Water vapor freely drifts through the gaps 26. However, the tufted pile fabric 12 applied to the planting material layer 13 has a base fabric 16 and water vapor hardly drifts between the fibers 23 and the fibers surrounded by the fibers 23. This is due to the difference in the structure and properties of the details of the nonwoven fabric and tufted pile fabric, in which the gap 24 is fine and is hindered by the pile so that water vapor does not drift freely (FIG. 2).
Therefore, it is important to make the porosity of the water vapor drift layer 11 larger than the porosity of the water vapor drift layer 11.

水蒸気漂流層１１では繊維２５と繊維２５の間が熱融着性低融点ポリマーによって接合され、水蒸気漂流層１１の内部構造が安定しており、水蒸気漂流層内での水蒸気の自由な漂流性は長期に亙って維持される（図２）。
植栽資材層１３でも隣り合うパイル１５とパイル１５が基布１６に植設されていて移動することなく、植栽資材層１３の内部構造が安定に維持され、隣り合うパイル１５とパイル１５の隙間１０を縫って水蒸気が漂流し、繊維２３と繊維２３の間の細かい隙間２４からパイル１５に吸収されて結露する（図２）。 In the water vapor drift layer 11, the fibers 25 are bonded to each other by a heat-fusible low-melting polymer, the internal structure of the water vapor drift layer 11 is stable, and the free drift of water vapor in the water vapor drift layer 11 is It is maintained for a long time (Fig. 2).
Even in the planting material layer 13, the adjacent pile 15 and the pile 15 are planted on the base cloth 16, and the internal structure of the planting material layer 13 is stably maintained without moving. Water vapor drifts through the gap 10 and is absorbed by the pile 15 from the fine gap 24 between the fibers 23 and condenses (FIG. 2).

包装資材１４を、水蒸気漂流層１１と植栽資材層１３が内嵌する内装材３４と、その内装材３４が内嵌する外装材４４との二重構造にする場合、外装材４４にはプラスチックフィルムや薄手の布帛を使用し、内装材３４には厚手の布帛を使用し、外装材４４を内装材３４よりも可撓にし、内装材３４を外装材４４に比して形状安定にすると、外装材４４で内装材３４を被覆し易くなるので好都合である。
内装材３４には、厚手の布帛として、タフテッドパイル布帛やニードルパンチングフェルトを使用するとよい。 When the packaging material 14 has a double structure of an interior material 34 in which the water vapor drift layer 11 and the planting material layer 13 are fitted, and an exterior material 44 in which the interior material 34 is fitted, the exterior material 44 is made of plastic. When a film or a thin fabric is used, a thick fabric is used for the interior material 34, the exterior material 44 is made more flexible than the interior material 34, and the interior material 34 is more stable than the exterior material 44, This is convenient because the exterior material 44 can easily cover the interior material 34.
The interior material 34 may be a tufted pile fabric or a needle punching felt as a thick fabric.

内装材３４を下部内装材５１と上部内装材５３に分割する場合、それらには水蒸気漂流層１１と同質の嵩比重が０．０１ｇ／ｃｍ3 〜０．０７ｇ／ｃｍ3 で空隙率が９３％〜９９％であり、繊維間が熱融着性低融点ポリマーによって接合された不織布を使用するとよい。 When dividing the interior material 34 in the lower interior material 51 and the upper interior material 53, the porosity steam drifting layer 11 a bulk specific gravity of 0.01 g / cm 3 of the same quality ~0.07g / cm 3 in which 93% It is preferable to use a nonwoven fabric in which the fibers are bonded to each other by a heat-fusible low-melting polymer.

稲や水草には充分な水を必要とするが、露地栽培の野菜や花卉は、日照りのなかで萎れていても、陽が沈んで夜になると息を吹き返す。
その露地栽培の野菜や花卉が地下から湧き出る僅かな水蒸気を吸って生命を繋ぐように、植栽資材層１３に差し込んだ野菜や花卉も、多量な水を必要とせず、水蒸気漂流層１１から湧き出る水蒸気と酸素を共に吸収して健やかに育つところ、本発明の植物支持材が水蒸気栽培用植物支持材と評価される由縁である。 Rice and aquatic plants need enough water, but open-field vegetables and flower buds blow back when the sun goes down at night, even if they are withered in the sunshine.
Vegetables and flower buds inserted into the planting material layer 13 spring out of the steam drifting layer 11 so that the vegetables and flowers cultivated in the open area absorb the slight water vapor that springs out from the basement and connect their lives. It is the reason why the plant support material of the present invention is evaluated as a plant support material for steam cultivation when it absorbs both water vapor and oxygen and grows healthy.

本発明の水蒸気栽培用植物支持材は、播殖床、苗床、挿芽床、挿木床等の植栽床や、剣山その他の花卉支持具、輸送生鮮野菜その他の植物支持具として、農園や菜園、市場や店頭、車内や室内、温室や調理場で広く使用される。   The plant support material for steam cultivation of the present invention is a planting floor such as a seedling bed, a nursery bed, a germination bed, a cutting floor, a sword mountain or other flower support, a transporting fresh vegetable or other plant support, such as a farm or vegetable garden, Widely used in markets, storefronts, cars, indoors, greenhouses, and kitchens.

１０：隙間
１１：水蒸気漂流層
１２：タフテッドパイル布帛
１３：植栽資材層
１４：包装資材
１５：パイル
１６：基布
１７：肥料成分保持層
１８：貯水性容器
１９：継ぎ目
２０：根
２１：植物
２２：水
２３：繊維
２４：隙間
２５：繊維
２６：隙間
２７：上端縁
３０：空洞
３１：空洞
３３：空洞
３４：内装材
４４：外装材
５１：下部内装材
５３：上部内装材 10: Crevice 11: Water vapor drift layer 12: Tufted pile fabric 13: Planting material layer 14: Packaging material 15: Pile 16: Base fabric 17: Fertilizer component holding layer 18: Water storage container 19: Seam 20: Root 21: Plant 22: Water 23: Fiber 24: Crevice 25: Fiber 26: Crevice 27: Upper edge 30: Cavity 31: Cavity 33: Cavity 34: Interior material 44: Exterior material 51: Lower interior material 53: Upper interior material

Claims (7)

（ａ） 不織布によって構成された水蒸気漂流層（１１）の上側にタフテッドパイル布帛（１２）によって構成された植栽資材層（１３）を積層して成る積層構造物の周囲を包装資材（１４）で包囲して構成され、
（ｂ） 水蒸気漂流層（１１）を構成している不織布が単繊維繊度１〜３０ｄｔｅｘの合成繊維ウェブと熱融着性低融点ポリマーとによって構成され、
（ｃ） 合成繊維ウェブの隣り合う合成繊維（２５）と合成繊維（２５）の間が熱融着性低融点ポリマーによって接合されており、
（ｄ） 水蒸気漂流層（１１）の嵩比重が０．０１ｇ／ｃｍ3 〜０．０７ｇ／ｃｍ3 であり、水蒸気漂流層（１１）の空隙率が９３％〜９９％であり、
（ｅ） タフテッドパイル布帛（１２）のパイル（１５）が吸湿性合成繊維によって構成され、タフテッドパイル布帛（１２）の基布（１６）が吸湿性合成繊維を含有し、
（ｆ） タフテッドパイル布帛が基布（１６）を垂直方向に向け基布（１６）からの突出方向を水平方向に向けて水蒸気漂流層（１１）の上側に並べて積層されており、
（ｇ） タフテッドパイル布帛（１２）の嵩比重が０．０８ｇ／ｃｍ3 〜０．１４ｇ／ｃｍ3 であり、植栽資材層（１３）の内部の空隙率が８５％〜９６％であることを特徴とする水蒸気栽培用植物支持材。 (A) A wrapping material (14) around a laminated structure formed by laminating a planting material layer (13) constituted by a tufted pile fabric (12) on an upper side of a water vapor drifting layer (11) constituted by a nonwoven fabric. )
(B) The nonwoven fabric constituting the water vapor drifting layer (11) is composed of a synthetic fiber web having a single fiber fineness of 1 to 30 dtex and a heat-fusible low-melting-point polymer,
(C) The adjacent synthetic fibers (25) and synthetic fibers (25) of the synthetic fiber web are joined by a heat-fusible low-melting polymer,
(D) The bulk density of the water vapor drift layer (11) is 0.01 g / cm 3 to 0.07 g / cm 3 , and the porosity of the water vapor drift layer (11) is 93% to 99%,
(E) The pile (15) of the tufted pile fabric (12) is composed of hygroscopic synthetic fibers, the base fabric (16) of the tufted pile fabric (12) contains hygroscopic synthetic fibers,
(F) Tufted pile fabric is laminated side by side on the upper side of the steam drifting layer (11) with the base fabric (16) oriented vertically and the protruding direction from the base fabric (16) oriented horizontally.
(G) The bulk specific gravity of the tufted pile fabric (12) is 0.08 g / cm 3 to 0.14 g / cm 3 , and the porosity inside the planting material layer (13) is 85% to 96%. A plant support material for steam cultivation characterized by the above. タフテッドパイル布帛（１２）のパイル（１５）を構成し基布（１６）が含有する吸湿性合成繊維がレーヨン、ビニロン、アセテートおよびアクリル繊維の何れかであり、水蒸気漂流層（１１）の合成繊維がポリエステル繊維とポリプロピレン繊維の何れかである請求項１に記載の水蒸気栽培用植物支持材。   The hygroscopic synthetic fiber constituting the pile (15) of the tufted pile fabric (12) and contained in the base fabric (16) is any one of rayon, vinylon, acetate and acrylic fiber, and the water vapor drifting layer (11) is synthesized. The plant support material for steam cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the fibers are polyester fibers or polypropylene fibers. 水蒸気漂流層（１１）と植栽資材層（１３）の間に肥料成分保持層（１７）が積層されている請求項１と２の何れかに記載の水蒸気栽培用植物支持材。   The plant support material for steam cultivation according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein a fertilizer component retaining layer (17) is laminated between the steam drifting layer (11) and the planting material layer (13). 水蒸気漂流層（１１）の下層部が貯水性容器（１８）で包まれている請求項１と２と３の何れかに記載の水蒸気栽培用植物支持材。   The plant support material for water vapor cultivation according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein a lower layer portion of the water vapor drifting layer (11) is wrapped in a water storage container (18). 包装資材（１４）が防水材である請求項１と２と３と４の何れかに記載の水蒸気栽培用植物支持材。   The plant support material for steam cultivation according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, wherein the packaging material (14) is a waterproof material. 包装資材（１４）が、水蒸気漂流層（１１）と植栽資材層（１３）が内嵌する内装材（３４）と、その内装材（３４）が内嵌する外装材（４４）とによる多重構造になっている請求項１と２と３と４と５の何れかに記載の水蒸気栽培用植物支持材。   The packaging material (14) is multiplexed by an interior material (34) in which the steam drift layer (11) and the planting material layer (13) are fitted, and an exterior material (44) in which the interior material (34) is fitted. The plant support material for steam cultivation according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, which has a structure. 内装材（３４）が、水蒸気漂流層（１１）が内嵌する下部内装材（５１）と、植栽資材層（１３）が内嵌する上部内装材（５３）に分割されている請求項６に記載の水蒸気栽培用植物支持材。   The interior material (34) is divided into a lower interior material (51) into which the water vapor drift layer (11) is fitted and an upper interior material (53) into which the planting material layer (13) is fitted. The plant support material for steam cultivation as described in 2.
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JP7148090B2 (en) * 2020-10-19 2022-10-05 アグリ・コア・システム合同会社 cultivation equipment
NL2031666B1 (en) * 2022-04-22 2023-11-07 Klasmann Deilmann Gmbh Plant plug, manufacturing method and use thereof

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JPS633735A (en) * 1986-06-24 1988-01-08 東洋紡績株式会社 Hydroponic culture of weak vegetables
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