JP6202241B2 - Light irradiation method with improved visibility in dark places - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、暗所で人間が活動する際、視覚により物標を発見、確認、観察する際に、視認性を高めるための光線照射方法および光線照射装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a light beam irradiation method and a light beam irradiation device for improving visibility when a target is discovered, confirmed, and observed visually when a human is active in a dark place.
人間は完全に光のない条件下では物体を視覚することができず、おぼろげながらにも物体の形状が判別できるためには０．００１ルクス程度、物体の形と色との両方を判別できるためには０．１〜１ルクス程度が必要とされている。 Humans cannot see the object under completely light-free conditions, and can discriminate both the shape and color of the object, about 0.001 lux, so that the shape of the object can be discriminated while being distracted. Therefore, about 0.1 to 1 lux is required.
このため、暗所での活動の際には、古くはろうそくなど、現代では電球、蛍光灯、ＬＥＤなどの発光体から発せられる光線を物体に照射することで、視覚に必要となる光を補うのが一般的である。 For this reason, when working in a dark place, light that is emitted from a light emitting body such as a light bulb, a fluorescent lamp, or an LED, such as a candle in the old days, is radiated to an object to supplement the light necessary for vision. It is common.
一方、脳が物体の形状などを認知する場合においては、色彩の情報は不必要であるばかりか、認知の妨げになることもある。 On the other hand, when the brain recognizes the shape of an object, color information is not necessary, and it may interfere with recognition.
たとえば、トンネル内での照明にはナトリウム灯から発せられる５８８ｎｍの波長半値幅が狭い単色光が用いられるが、これは比視感度が高く、さらに塵などで減衰されにくいという利点に加え、単色光であるがゆえに色彩の情報が失われ、明暗のみを頼りに脳が物体の形状や位置を判断できる。すなわち、トンネル内は、ナトリウム灯により目が見えやすく、脳が認知しやすい環境を提供している。 For example, monochromatic light with a narrow wavelength half-width of 588 nm emitted from a sodium lamp is used for illumination in the tunnel. This has the advantage that it has high specific sensitivity and is not easily attenuated by dust, etc. Therefore, color information is lost, and the brain can determine the shape and position of an object by relying only on light and darkness. In other words, the inside of the tunnel provides an environment in which the brain can easily see and the brain can easily recognize.
そうした、単色光での色彩情報に乏しく、明暗だけで物体を視認している環境下では、特異的な色情報を伴う物体が発現した際、脳は極端にその物体を知覚・認知する。例えば、赤色のブレーキランプが明滅した際、この赤色は、トンネル内で明暗以外の色情報を伴う情報となるため、脳にとってきわめて知覚・認知されやすく、結果的に安全性の向上に繋がっている。 In such an environment where color information with monochromatic light is scarce and an object is viewed only with light and darkness, when an object with specific color information appears, the brain extremely perceives and recognizes the object. For example, when the red brake light blinks, this red color is information with color information other than light and dark in the tunnel, so it is very easy for the brain to perceive and perceive, resulting in improved safety. .
本発明は、暗所で人間が活動する際、視覚により物標を発見、確認、観察する際に、視認性を高めるため、光線照射装置から発せられる光が、従来の可視光線全領域にわたって放射される光源を用いず、かつ、物標に塗装を施すことで、視覚および脳で知覚・認知されやすい環境を提供する。 In the present invention, when a human is active in a dark place, the light emitted from the light irradiation device radiates over the entire visible light range in order to improve the visibility when the target is discovered, confirmed and observed visually. without using a light source that is, and, by applying a coating to the target object, that provides a visual and brain perception and perceived friendly environment.
従来の暗所行動に用いられる照明類は、電球、蛍光灯、ＬＥＤなどの発光体の発光強度を高め、より広く、より明るくするものが好まれる。 The illuminations used for the conventional dark place behavior are preferably those that increase the light emission intensity of light emitters such as light bulbs, fluorescent lamps, and LEDs, and make them wider and brighter.
中でも、携行用途の照明では、電源が電池などを用いるため、使用できるエネルギー量に限界があることから、高効率の発光体を用い、さらに集光することで、光の照射が必要とされる部位のみを局所的により明るくする工夫がなされている。 Above all, in lighting for portable use, since the power source uses a battery or the like, there is a limit to the amount of energy that can be used, so light irradiation is required by using a highly efficient light emitter and further condensing light. A device has been devised that makes only the region brighter locally.
一方、人間の目は周囲の環境の光量に応じて、瞳孔の直径が変化し、環境光が強い場合には瞳孔を閉じて目の感度を低め、環境光が弱い場合には瞳孔を開いて目の感度を高める機構が備わっている。この機能は生理反応のため、人間が自らコントロールすることができない。 On the other hand, the diameter of the pupil changes according to the amount of light in the surrounding environment, and when the ambient light is strong, the pupil is closed to lower the sensitivity of the eye, and when the ambient light is weak, the pupil is opened. Equipped with a mechanism to increase eye sensitivity. This function is a physiological response and cannot be controlled by humans.
短時間で環境光が強くなった場合、自らの意思とは関係なく瞳孔の直径が小さくなり目の感度が下がるが、この生理反応は明順応と呼ばれ、一方、短時間で環境光が弱くなった場合、自らの意思とは関係なく瞳孔の直径が大きくなり目の感度が上がるが、この生理反応は暗順応と呼ばれる。 When the ambient light becomes stronger in a short time, the pupil diameter becomes smaller and the sensitivity of the eyes decreases, regardless of your intention, but this physiological response is called light adaptation, while the ambient light becomes weaker in a short time. When this happens, the pupil's diameter increases and the eye's sensitivity increases, regardless of his / her will, but this physiological response is called dark adaptation.
明順応は暗順応に比べてはるかに短時間で行われる。明順応は４０秒〜１分で完了するのに対し、暗順応には３０分〜１時間かかることも希ではない。 Light adaptation is much faster than dark adaptation. Light adaptation is completed in 40 seconds to 1 minute, while dark adaptation takes 30 minutes to 1 hour.
このために、いたずらに明るく、かつ、局所的に光を照射する照明方法を用いると、明順応が行われ、照明下ではない環境に移動した際、暗順応が完了するまでほとんど何も視覚できない状態におかれる危険性がある。 For this reason, when using an illumination method that irradiates light locally and locally, light adaptation is performed, and when moving to an environment that is not under illumination, almost nothing can be seen until dark adaptation is completed. There is a risk of being put into condition.
以上のような点に鑑み、本発明は、従来の暗所行動に用いられる光線照射方法および光線照射装置と比べて、明順応が発生しにくく、また暗順応にかかる時間が短く、かつ、物標を視覚および脳で知覚・認知しやすい塗装と光線照射方法および光線照射装置を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above points, the present invention is less susceptible to light adaptation and shorter time for dark adaptation than the conventional light irradiation method and light irradiation apparatus used in dark place behavior, and An object of the present invention is to provide a coating method, a light irradiation method, and a light irradiation device that can easily perceive and recognize a target visually and in the brain.
上記課題は、暗所で人間が活動する際に、明順応が発生しにくく暗順応にかかる時間が短い波長の光線Ａと、知覚しにくく明順応及び暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない波長の光線Ｂとを照射し、光線Ｂの照射によって物質を活性化させて光線Ａおよび光線Ｂとは異なる波長の可視光領域の光を物標から発生させる光線照射方法を提供することによって解決される。The above problem is that when humans are active in a dark place, light adaptation is difficult for light adaptation to occur and the wavelength of light A is short for dark adaptation, and the wavelength is not perceptible and does not significantly affect light adaptation and dark adaptation. The present invention is solved by providing a light beam irradiation method in which a substance is activated by irradiation with the light beam B, and the material is activated by irradiation with the light beam B to generate light in a visible light region having a wavelength different from that of the light beams A and B from the target. .
このとき、光線Ａが赤色光であり、光線Ｂが近紫外光であることが好ましい。活性化される物質が蛍光物質又は燐光物質であることも好ましい。また、前記物標が釣り糸であることも好ましい。At this time, it is preferable that the light beam A is red light and the light beam B is near-ultraviolet light. It is also preferred that the activated substance is a fluorescent substance or a phosphorescent substance. The target is preferably a fishing line.
また上記課題は、明順応が発生しにくく暗順応にかかる時間が短い波長の光線Ａを照射する光源ａと、知覚しにくく明順応及び暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない波長の光線Ｂを照射する光源ｂとを備えた光線照射装置を提供することによっても解決される。In addition, the above-described problems are that the light source a that irradiates light A having a wavelength that is difficult to cause bright adaptation and takes a short time for dark adaptation, and the light B that has a wavelength that is difficult to perceive and does not significantly affect light and dark adaptation. It is also solved by providing a light beam irradiation device including a light source b.
このとき、光線Ａが赤色光であり、光線Ｂが近紫外光であることが好ましく、光源ａが赤色発光ダイオードであり、光源ｂが近紫外発光ダイオードであることがより好ましい。光源ａ及び光源ｂの発光出力およびそれらの発光出力比を自在に調整できることも好ましい。光源ａ及び光源ｂの少なくとも一方の光源を時間的に間歇的に点灯させる、あるいは時間的に発光出力を増減させることができることも好ましい。また、夜間の釣り用である上記光線照射装置が好適である。At this time, it is preferable that the light beam A is red light, the light beam B is near ultraviolet light, the light source a is a red light emitting diode, and the light source b is more preferably a near ultraviolet light emitting diode. It is also preferable that the light emission outputs of the light sources a and b and their light emission output ratios can be freely adjusted. It is also preferable that at least one of the light source a and the light source b is intermittently turned on temporally or the light emission output can be increased or decreased temporally. Moreover, the said light irradiation apparatus for nighttime fishing is suitable.
すなわち、明順応が発生しにくく、また暗順応にかかる時間が短い波長の光線（光線Ａ）を照射することと、人間の目が知覚しにくく、すなわち明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光（光線Ｂ）を照射する。さらに、特に注目したい物標に、人間の目が知覚しにくい光を照射された際に、可視光線の光を発光する塗装を施すことで、特に注目したい物標が自ら発光することで目が視覚、脳が認知しやすくなり、また、これと同時に明順応が発生しにくく、また暗順応にかかる時間が短い波長の光線を照射することで、その他の物標を視覚するのに必要な照度を確保する。That is, it is difficult for light adaptation to occur, and it is difficult for the human eye to perceive light rays (light rays A) having a short time required for dark adaptation, which greatly affects light adaptation and dark adaptation. No light (ray B) is irradiated. In addition, when a target that is of particular interest is irradiated with light that is difficult for the human eye to perceive, the target that is of particular interest emits light by applying paint that emits visible light. The illuminance necessary for visualizing other targets by irradiating light with a wavelength that makes it easier for the vision and the brain to recognize, and at the same time, light adaptation is less likely to occur and dark adaptation takes less time. Secure.
本発明者らは、鋭意検討の結果、光線照射装置から発せられる光が、従来の可視光線全領域にわたって放射される光源を用いず、かつ、物標に塗装を施すことで、視覚および脳で知覚・認知されやすい環境を提供できることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。すなわち、明順応が発生しにくく、また暗順応にかかる時間が短い波長の光線（光線Ａ）を照射することと、人間の目が知覚しにくく、すなわち明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光（光線Ｂ）を照射する。さらに、物標に、人間の目が知覚しにくい光を照射された際に、可視光線の光を発光する塗装を施すことを特徴とする。 As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the light emitted from the light irradiation device does not use a conventional light source that radiates over the entire visible light region, and paints the target so that it can be visually and in the brain. The present inventors have found that an environment that can be easily perceived and recognized can be provided, and have completed the present invention. That is, it is difficult for light adaptation to occur, and it is difficult to perceive the human eye by irradiating light with a wavelength (light ray A) having a short time required for dark adaptation, which greatly affects light adaptation and dark adaptation. No light (ray B) is irradiated. Furthermore, the target is coated with light that emits visible light when it is irradiated with light that is difficult for human eyes to perceive.
本発明によれば、単色もしくは単色に近い明順応が発生しにくい光を照射することで、目が知覚しやすく、脳が認知しやすい環境を提供することを特徴とする。 According to the present invention, it is characterized by providing an environment in which the eyes can easily perceive and the brain can easily recognize by irradiating with light that is difficult to generate monochromatic or near-monochromatic light adaptation.
本発明によれば、明順応が発生しにくい光を照射することで、光線照射装置が稼動しているか否かにかかわらず、常に目が暗順応し、感度の高い状態を保つことができることを特徴とする。 According to the present invention, by irradiating light with which light adaptation is unlikely to occur, the eyes always adapt to darkness regardless of whether the light irradiation device is operating or not, and it is possible to maintain a highly sensitive state. Features.
本発明によれば、明順応が発生しにくい光を照射するため、従来の可視光線全領域にわたる光を照射したときと同程度の明順応を発生させるのに必要となる光の強度よりも、著しく強い光線を照射することが可能であることを特徴とする。 According to the present invention, in order to irradiate light that does not easily cause bright adaptation, the intensity of light required to generate the same degree of bright adaptation as when irradiating light over the entire visible light region of the prior art, It is characterized by being able to irradiate extremely intense light.
本発明によれば、本発明による光の照射により明順応が発生しても、従来の可視光線全領域にわたる光を照射したときに比べ、暗順応にかかる時間が短縮され、目の感度が回復する時間が短縮されることを特徴とする。 According to the present invention, even if light adaptation occurs due to light irradiation according to the present invention, the time required for dark adaptation is shortened and the sensitivity of the eyes is restored compared to the conventional case of irradiating light over the entire visible light region. The time for performing is shortened.
また、本発明によれば、物標に、人間の目が知覚しにくい光が照射された際に可視光線の光を発光する塗装などが施されており、そこに、人間の目が知覚しにくい光が照射することで、その物標が認知されやすいことを特徴とする。 Further, according to the present invention, the target is coated with light that emits visible light when it is irradiated with light that is difficult for human eyes to perceive. It is characterized in that the target is easily recognized by irradiating difficult light.
本発明に係る、人間の目が知覚しにくい光が照射された際に可視光線の光を発光する塗装は、単色もしくは単色に近い明順応が発生しにくい光の波長とは異なる波長の光を発光することで、その物標が目が知覚しやすく、脳が認知しやすいことを特徴とする。 The coating according to the present invention, which emits visible light when irradiated with light that is difficult for human eyes to perceive, emits light of a wavelength different from the wavelength of light that is difficult to cause a single color or light adaptation that is close to a single color. By emitting light, the target is easy for the eyes to perceive and the brain is easy to recognize.
（１）本発明は、暗所での視認性を高めることができる。
（２）また、本発明は明順応による目の感度低下を低減することができる。
（３）また、本発明は明順応による目の感度低下から、短時間で暗順応し目の感度回復にかかる時間を低減することができる。
（４）このため、本発明はより大強度の光線を照射することができる。
（５）またこのため、本発明はより集光した光線を照射することができる。
（６）また、本発明は、物標が自ら環境光および照射した光と異なる波長の光を発光するため、目が見えやすく、脳が知覚しやすい状況を提供できる。
(1) The present invention can improve visibility in a dark place.
(2) In addition, the present invention can reduce a reduction in eye sensitivity due to light adaptation.
(3) In addition, the present invention can reduce the time required for dark adaptation and eye sensitivity recovery in a short time due to a decrease in eye sensitivity due to light adaptation.
(4) For this reason, this invention can irradiate a stronger light beam.
(5) For this reason, the present invention can irradiate more concentrated light rays.
(6) Moreover, since this invention light-emits the light of a wavelength different from the ambient light and the light which irradiated itself, this invention can provide the condition where it is easy to see and the brain is easy to perceive.
以下、本発明の暗所視認性を改善する、塗装と光線照射方法および光線照射装置の原理を説明する。 Hereinafter, the principles of the coating and light irradiation method and the light irradiation device for improving the dark place visibility of the present invention will be described.
本発明の実施の形態においては、明順応が発生しにくく、また暗順応にかかる時間が短い波長の光線（光線Ａ）を照射することと、人間の目が知覚しにくく、すなわち明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光（光線Ｂ）を照射すること、さらに、物標に、人間の目が知覚しにくい光を照射された際に、可視光線の光を発光する塗装を施す手法であれば特に限定されない。 In the embodiment of the present invention, it is difficult for light adaptation to occur, and it is difficult to perceive the human eye by irradiating a light beam (light ray A) having a short wavelength for dark adaptation, that is, light adaptation / darkness. A method of irradiating the target with light (ray B) that does not greatly affect adaptation, and applying a coating that emits visible light when the target is irradiated with light that is difficult for human eyes to perceive If it is, it will not specifically limit.
まず、本実施形態における原理を説明する。本実施形態で用いる光線照射方法は、明順応が発生しにくく、また暗順応にかかる時間が短い波長の光線（光線Ａ）と、人間の目が知覚しにくく、すなわち明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光（光線Ｂ）を照射する。 First, the principle in this embodiment will be described. The light beam irradiation method used in the present embodiment is less likely to cause light adaptation and has a short wavelength for light adaptation (light ray A), and is difficult for human eyes to perceive, that is, for light adaptation and dark adaptation. Irradiate light (light ray B) that does not greatly affect.
明順応が発生しにくく、また暗順応にかかる時間が短い波長の光線（光線Ａ）とは、例えば成人男性の場合、非特許文献１で調査されているとおり、６７０ｎｍに発光強度のピークを持つ赤色の光が一例として挙げられる。 For example, in the case of an adult male, a light beam having a light emission intensity at 670 nm has a peak at 670 nm. An example is red light.
非特許文献１で示されているところによると、成人男性の目に対し、各波長の光が３μＷ／ｃｍ３となるよう調光された光を暴露したところ、暴露直後の瞳孔の直径は、５５０ｎｍの光では平常時の約４０％まで縮小しているのに対し、６７０ｎｍの光では約１５％にとどまっている。この数値によれば、網膜に到達する光量は６７０ｎｍの光のほうが、５５０ｎｍの光に比べて約７倍多いことになる。 According to the location shown in Non-Patent Document 1 , when the light of each wavelength is exposed to adult male eyes so that the light of each wavelength is 3 μW / cm 3 , the diameter of the pupil immediately after the exposure is While the light at 550 nm is reduced to about 40% of the normal time, the light at 670 nm is only about 15%. According to this numerical value, the amount of light reaching the retina is about 7 times greater for 670 nm light than for 550 nm light.
また、同じく非特許文献１で示されているところによると、光に暴露された約１０分後の瞳孔の直径を測定した結果、５５０ｎｍの光では暴露直後とほぼ変化はなかったのに対し、６７０ｎｍの光では約１．４倍にまで拡大した。この数値によれば、網膜に到達する光量は６７０ｎｍの光のほうが、５５０ｎｍの光に比べて約２倍多いことになる。 In addition, according to the same as shown in Non-Patent Document 1 , the pupil diameter measured about 10 minutes after exposure to light was almost the same as that immediately after exposure at 550 nm, whereas In 670 nm light, it expanded to about 1.4 times. According to this numerical value, the amount of light reaching the retina is approximately twice as much for 670 nm light as for 550 nm light.
一方、人間の目が知覚しにくく、すなわち明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光（光線Ｂ）とは、可視光線の領域である３８０〜８１０ｎｍから外れる光であるが、一般に４５０ｎｍ以下および７００ｎｍ以上の光は、人間の目の感度が極端に低くなるため、それらを総称して人間の目が知覚しにくく、すなわち明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光（光線Ｂ）として使用することができる。 On the other hand, light that is difficult for human eyes to perceive, that is, light that does not significantly affect light adaptation / dark adaptation (light ray B) is light that deviates from the visible light region of 380 to 810 nm, but is generally 450 nm or less. In addition, light of 700 nm or more has extremely low human eye sensitivity. Therefore, the human eye is not easily perceived, that is, light that does not significantly affect light adaptation and dark adaptation (light ray B). Can be used as
人間の目が知覚しにくい光を照射された際に、可視光線の光を発光する塗装には、具体的には蛍光物質が上げられ、これらは紫外領域の光を吸収して、可視光領域の光を自ら発光する。この場合、明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光として、紫外領域もしくはそれに近い波長を持つ光源を用いる。 The coating that emits visible light when irradiated with light that is difficult for the human eye to perceive is specifically a fluorescent substance, which absorbs light in the ultraviolet region and absorbs light in the visible region. The light of itself is emitted. In this case, a light source having a wavelength in the ultraviolet region or a wavelength close thereto is used as light that does not significantly affect light adaptation and dark adaptation.
また、近年では、赤外領域の光を吸収して可視光領域の光を自ら発光する素材も存在するため、明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光として、赤外領域もしくはそれに近い波長を持つ光源を用いる場合には、こうした素材を塗装に用いる物質として用いても良い。 In addition, in recent years, there are materials that absorb light in the infrared region and emit light in the visible light region themselves, so light that does not significantly affect light adaptation and dark adaptation is the infrared region or close to it. When a light source having a wavelength is used, such a material may be used as a substance used for coating.
いずれも、用途や使用環境に応じて、実施の形態は変化し、例えば、人間の目が知覚しにくく、すなわち明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光としてＸ線などを用いても良いし、電波を用いても良い。このとき、人間の目が知覚しにくい光を照射された際に可視光線の光を発光する塗装の物質には、照射される光に対応する物質を使用すれば良い。 In any case, the embodiment changes depending on the application and use environment. For example, X-rays or the like may be used as light that is difficult for the human eye to perceive, that is, does not significantly affect light adaptation and dark adaptation. Good or radio waves may be used. At this time, a material corresponding to the irradiated light may be used as the coating material that emits visible light when irradiated with light that is difficult for human eyes to perceive.
また、明順応が発生しにくく、また暗順応にかかる時間が短い光（光線Ａ）、および、人間の目が知覚しにくく、すなわち明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光（光線Ｂ）とは、いずれも裸眼での条件に限定されず、例えばバンドパスフィルターなどを備えたサングラスのようなものを装備すれば、自在に使用する波長領域を選択することができる。 In addition, light adaptation is difficult to occur and the time required for dark adaptation is short (light ray A) , and light that is difficult for human eyes to perceive, that is, light that does not significantly affect light adaptation and dark adaptation (light ray B). ) Is not limited to the condition with the naked eye. For example, if a device such as sunglasses equipped with a bandpass filter is equipped, the wavelength region to be used can be freely selected.
以下、本発明の暗所視認性を改善する、塗装と光線照射方法および光線照射装置について、実施例を提示して、図１から図５を用いて説明する。 Hereinafter, examples of the coating, the light irradiation method, and the light irradiation device for improving the dark place visibility of the present invention will be presented and described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
図１は、夜間の釣りを想定した実施例である。 FIG. 1 is an embodiment assuming nighttime fishing.
実施例中では、光線照射装置１には、６３０ｎｍの赤色光を放射する発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）と、４００ｎｍの近紫外光を放射するＬＥＤが装備されている。すなわち、６３０ｎｍの４００ｎｍの光が光線照射装置より照射される。 In the embodiment, the light irradiation device 1 is equipped with a light emitting diode (LED) that emits red light of 630 nm and an LED that emits near-ultraviolet light of 400 nm. That is, 400 nm light of 630 nm is irradiated from the light beam irradiation device.
一方、本実施例では特に注目すべき物標として釣り糸を想定しているが、この特に注目すべき物標４は紫外光を照射されたときに緑色の光を放射す蛍光物質５が一部、もしくは全体に塗布されている。 On the other hand, in this embodiment, fishing line is assumed as a particularly noticeable target. However, this particularly noticeable target 4 includes a part of the fluorescent material 5 that emits green light when irradiated with ultraviolet light. Or it is applied to the whole.
なお、蛍光物質は、物標に塗布され、もしくは内部に含浸されたものなどその形態は問わない。なお、緑色は人間の比視感度特性が優れているため、本実施例には有効であるが、そのほか、蛍光放射効率の高い黄色やオレンジの蛍光物質などを用いてもかまわない。 The form of the fluorescent substance is not limited, such as a fluorescent substance applied to a target or impregnated inside. Note that green is effective in this embodiment because it has excellent human relative visibility characteristics. In addition, yellow or orange fluorescent materials having high fluorescence radiation efficiency may be used.
当該者２は、釣り糸以外の物標３を視認するときには、人の目が知覚できる赤色の光７を光源として、物標を認知する。このとき、赤色の光は明順応が発生しにくく、また暗順応にかかる時間が短い光に相当するので、瞳孔の縮小は必要最小限にとどめられ、目の感度は高い状態を維持できる。 When the person 2 visually recognizes the target 3 other than the fishing line, the person 2 recognizes the target using the red light 7 that can be perceived by human eyes as a light source. At this time, the red light is less likely to undergo bright adaptation and corresponds to light that takes a short time to dark adaptation, so that the reduction of the pupil is kept to a minimum and the sensitivity of the eyes can be maintained high.
さらに、当該者には赤色の光のみで周囲が照らされているため、色彩情報がなく、明暗とその程度のみをよりどころに、脳が物標を視覚・認知している状況が提供されている。また、近紫外光は当該者にも到達するが、ほとんど目には認識されない。 Furthermore, because the person is illuminated only by red light, there is no color information, and the situation is provided where the brain is observing and recognizing the target based only on light and darkness and its extent. Yes. Near-ultraviolet light also reaches the person concerned, but is hardly recognized by the eyes.
図２は光源として、近紫外光を放射するＬｕｃｋｙｓｕｎｎｙ社製３ＷパワーＵＶ−ＬＥＤ（ＥｐｉｌｅｄＳ４５ｍｉｌ）と赤色光を放射するＬｕｃｋｙｓｕｎｎｙ社製３ＷパワーＲｅｄ−ＬＥＤ（ＥｐｉｌｅｄＳ４２ｍｉｌ）を備えた光線照射装置により照らされた、一般の物標表面から発せられる光を、ＯｃｉａｎＯｐｔｉｃｓ社製マルチチャンネルＣＣＤ分光器ＨＲ４０００を用いて測定した分光結果を示すグラフである。 FIG. 2 is illuminated by a light irradiator equipped with a LuckySunny 3W power UV-LED (EpiledS45mil) that emits near ultraviolet light and a LuckySunny 3W power Red-LED (EpiedS42mil) that emits red light as light sources. It is a graph which shows the spectral result which measured the light emitted from the general target surface using the multi-channel CCD spectroscope HR4000 made by Ocean Optics.
これによると、物標表面からは、人の目に知覚しうる６３０ｎｍの赤色光と、人間の目にほとんど知覚できない４００ｎｍの光が反射されていることが分かる。 According to this, it can be seen that red light of 630 nm that can be perceived by human eyes and light of 400 nm that can hardly be perceived by human eyes are reflected from the surface of the target.
一方、当該者が釣り糸を視認するときには、光線照射装置より照射される近紫外光６により、釣り糸に含まれている蛍光物質が励起されることで自ら可視光線である緑色の光８を放射し、この可視光線を当該者は知覚する。 On the other hand, when the person visually recognizes the fishing line, the fluorescent material contained in the fishing line is excited by the near-ultraviolet light 6 irradiated from the light irradiation device, and thus the green light 8 that is visible light itself is emitted. The person perceives this visible light.
図３は、図２と同様の観測手法を用いて、光線照射装置により照らされた釣り糸、（すなわち一般には特に注目すべき物標）から発せられる光の分光結果を示すグラフである。これによると、照射した２成分の光と、これらとは異なる波長、すなわち５２５ｎｍに中心波長を持つ緑色の光を含む光が、表面から発せられていることが分かる。 FIG. 3 is a graph showing a spectral result of light emitted from a fishing line illuminated by a light irradiation device (that is, a target to be particularly noted in general) using the same observation method as in FIG. According to this, it can be seen that the irradiated two-component light and light including green light having a different wavelength, that is, green light having a central wavelength at 525 nm, are emitted from the surface.
さらに、当該者には赤色の光のみで周囲が照らされているため、色彩情報がなく、明暗とその程度のみをよりどころに、脳が物標を視覚・認知している環境下におかれているため、釣り糸から放射される赤色以外の可視光線は、明暗以外の色彩情報を伴う情報となるため、脳にとってきわめて知覚・認知されやすく、視認性が向上する。加えて、蛍光物質からの光は、目の比視感度特性の優れた波長を発するので、その相乗効果で視認性が劇的に向上する。 Furthermore, since the person is illuminated only by red light, there is no color information, and the brain is observing and recognizing the target based only on light and darkness and its extent. Therefore, visible light other than red emitted from the fishing line becomes information accompanied with color information other than light and dark, so that it is easily perceived and recognized by the brain, and visibility is improved. In addition, since the light from the fluorescent material emits a wavelength having excellent specific luminous efficiency of the eye, the visibility is dramatically improved by the synergistic effect.
図４は、一般的な白色光の照明により照射された、一方、図５は本発明の光線照射装置により照射された、特に注目すべき物標とその他の物標を同時に撮影した写真である。通常の光線を当てた図３では、特に注目すべき物標（上）と、そうではない物標（下）が押しなべて同程度に確認できるのに対して、図４においては、特に注目すべき物標（上）が、そうではない物標（下）に比べて鮮やかに浮かび上がって見えることが確認できる。 FIG. 4 is a photograph of a target that is illuminated by a general white light illumination, while FIG. 5 is a photograph of a target of particular interest and other targets that are illuminated by the light irradiation device of the present invention. . In FIG. 3 to which normal light rays are applied, the target (top) that should be particularly noted and the target (bottom) that is not particularly noticeable can be confirmed to the same extent, while in FIG. It can be confirmed that the target (upper) looks brighter than the target (lower) that is not.
なお、光線照射装置に装備されている赤色および近紫外を放射するＬＥＤは、その発光出力やそれぞれの発光出力比を自在に調整できてもかまわない。また、パルス点灯により発光出力を増大させたり、パルス周波数、デューテー比を調節することで単位時間当たりの発光出力および発光出力比を自在に調整することも可能である。 In addition, LED which radiates | emits the red and near ultraviolet rays with which the light irradiation apparatus is equipped may be able to adjust the light emission output and each light emission output ratio freely. It is also possible to freely adjust the light emission output per unit time and the light emission output ratio by increasing the light emission output by pulse lighting or adjusting the pulse frequency and duty ratio.
また、環境光、もしくは光線照射装置から放射される赤色光および近紫外光が、物標の視認を妨げる場合は、蛍光物質から放射される光のみが通過できるバンドパスフィルターを装備すると、対象の物標以外からの光が遮断されるため、格段に視認性が向上する。 In addition, when red light and near-ultraviolet light emitted from ambient light or light irradiation equipment hinders the visual recognition of the target, if a bandpass filter that allows only light emitted from the fluorescent material to pass through is equipped, Since light from other than the target is blocked, the visibility is remarkably improved.
本発明の第二の実施形態としては、蛍光物質の代わりに、燐光物質（蓄光物質を含む）を用いる。蛍光物質は紫外線が照射されているときのみ可視光線を放射するが、燐光物質（蓄光物質を含む）は紫外線を照射された後、しばらく時間が経過しても自ら可視光線を放射する特徴を持つ。 In the second embodiment of the present invention, a phosphorescent substance ( including a phosphorescent substance ) is used instead of the fluorescent substance. Fluorescent materials emit visible light only when irradiated with ultraviolet light, but phosphorescent materials ( including phosphorescent materials ) have the characteristic of emitting visible light themselves after a while after being irradiated with ultraviolet light. .
燐光物質（蓄光物質を含む）を含む物標に、光線照射装置より照射される近紫外光が到達すると、物標に含まれている燐光物質（蓄光物質を含む）が励起されることで自ら可視光線の光を放射し、この可視光線を目が知覚する。 A target object containing a phosphorescent material (including phosphorescent material), the near ultraviolet light emitted from the light irradiation device is reached, themselves by phosphor contained in the target (including phosphorescent material) is excited Visible light is emitted and the eyes perceive this visible light.
第一の実施例と異なる点は、光線照射装置からの光の照射が停止しても、しばらくの間は物標が自ら光を放ち、この可視光線を目が知覚できる状況が持続できる点である。 The difference from the first embodiment is that even if the light irradiation from the light irradiation device stops, the target emits light for a while and the situation where the eyes can perceive this visible light can be maintained. is there.
このため、光線照射装置の近紫外光を放射するＬＥＤを常に点灯させている必要がなくなる。すなわち、例えば、時間的に間歇的に点灯させる、あるいは時間的にその発光出力を増減させるなどすることができる。 For this reason, it is not necessary to always light up LED which radiates | emits the near ultraviolet light of a light irradiation apparatus. That is, for example, it is possible to turn on the light intermittently over time, or to increase or decrease the light emission output over time.
間歇的に近紫外光を放射するＬＥＤを点灯させることで、光線照射装置の消費電力を低減することができるほか、近紫外光であってもわずかに人間の目に知覚できる波長成分を含むため、これによる瞳孔の収縮に伴う目の感度の低下を抑えることができる。 By turning on LEDs that emit near-ultraviolet light intermittently, the power consumption of the light irradiation device can be reduced, and even the near-ultraviolet light contains a wavelength component that can be perceived by the human eye slightly. Thus, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the sensitivity of the eyes due to the contraction of the pupil.
また、人間の目が知覚しにくく、すなわち明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光（光線Ｂ）として、人体や目、あるいは動物、物標に有害な光線を用いる場合は、光線に曝される正味の量を減じることができる。 In addition, when using light rays that are difficult for human eyes to perceive, that is, light that does not significantly affect light adaptation and dark adaptation (light ray B) , which is harmful to the human body, eyes, animals, and targets, The net amount exposed can be reduced.
また、光線を放射する正味の量を減じることができるため、例えば近紫外光に走光性をもつ虫類の誘引を減じることができる。 In addition, since the net amount of light emitted can be reduced, for example, it is possible to reduce the attraction of insects having phototaxis in near ultraviolet light.
なお、本発明は、その目的、すなわち光線の照射規模や、視認性の向上の程度、要求される視認性の分解能に応じて、光源および蛍光物質の種類や塗装の方法を変更できる。 The present invention can change the type of light source and fluorescent material and the coating method according to the purpose, that is, the irradiation scale of light, the degree of improvement in visibility, and the required resolution of visibility.
例えば光源にＬＥＤではなくレーザー光源や、高輝度放電ランプやハロゲンランプを単色化のためのバンドパスフィルターなどと組み合わせて用いるなどしても良い。ＬＥＤやレーザー光源を用いる場合でも、バンドパスフィルターを通して単色化することで、より本発明の効果が高まる。また、物標への塗装には異なる可視光線を放射する、複数種類の蛍光物質などで塗装しても良い。 For example, a laser light source instead of an LED, a high-intensity discharge lamp, or a halogen lamp may be used as a light source in combination with a bandpass filter for making a single color. Even when an LED or a laser light source is used, the effect of the present invention is further enhanced by monochromatization through a band-pass filter. In addition, the target may be coated with a plurality of types of fluorescent materials that emit different visible rays.
特に光源にレーザー光線を用いると、単色性に優れており、かつコヒーレントな光であるため、より本発明の目指すところである視認性の向上が期待され、また少ない放射強度でも遠方に光を照射することができる。ただし、照射角が限られ、広い範囲を照射できない特性を持つため、必要に応じて高速に光の照射方向を掃引して照射が必要な面の全面を照射するか、光を拡散させるためのレンズを設けるのが望ましい。 In particular, when a laser beam is used as the light source, it is excellent in monochromaticity and is coherent. Therefore, it is expected to improve visibility, which is the aim of the present invention, and irradiates light far away even with low radiation intensity. Can do. However, since the irradiation angle is limited and it has the characteristic that it cannot irradiate a wide range, it is necessary to sweep the irradiation direction of light at high speed as necessary to irradiate the entire surface that needs irradiation or to diffuse the light It is desirable to provide a lens.
なお、本発明の光線照射方法および光線照射装置に、利便性向上のため、通常の白色光を放射する光源を搭載しても良いが、このときは、白色光のみを消灯できるシステム備えたほうが、より有効である。 In addition, for the sake of convenience, the light irradiation method and the light irradiation device of the present invention may be equipped with a light source that emits normal white light. In this case, it is better to have a system that can turn off only white light. Is more effective.
なお、本発明は、上記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、必要に応じて変更することができる。 In addition, this invention is not limited to said embodiment, It can change as needed.
１ 光源照射装置
２ 当該者（観察者）
３ 物標
４ 特に注目すべき物標
５ 塗布された蛍光物質
６ 人間の目が知覚しにくく、すなわち明順応・暗順応には大きく影響を及ぼさない光線（光線Ｂ）
７ 明順応が発生しにくく、また暗順応にかかる時間が短い波長の光線（光線Ａ）
８ 蛍光物質が自ら発光することにより放出される可視光線
1 Light source irradiation device 2 Person concerned (observer)
3 Targets 4 Particularly Notable Targets 5 Applied Fluorescent Substances 6 Light rays that are difficult for human eyes to perceive, that is, do not significantly affect light adaptation and dark adaptation (ray B)
7. Light rays with a wavelength that is difficult for light adaptation to occur and takes a short time for dark adaptation (ray A)
8 Visible light emitted by the fluorescent substance itself emitting light
Claims (6)
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