JP6178189B2 - Steam turbine overspeed prevention system and power plant - Google Patents

Steam turbine overspeed prevention system and power plant Download PDF

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JP6178189B2
JP6178189B2 JP2013201116A JP2013201116A JP6178189B2 JP 6178189 B2 JP6178189 B2 JP 6178189B2 JP 2013201116 A JP2013201116 A JP 2013201116A JP 2013201116 A JP2013201116 A JP 2013201116A JP 6178189 B2 JP6178189 B2 JP 6178189B2
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pressure turbine
steam
turbine
pipe
bypass means
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JP2015068196A (en
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幸洋 田谷
幸洋 田谷
祐己朗 兼平
祐己朗 兼平
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Toshiba Corp
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Priority to IN964KO2014 priority patent/IN2014KO00964A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/02—Shutting-down responsive to overspeed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Description

本発明の実施形態は、蒸気タービン過速防止システムおよび発電プラントに関する。   Embodiments described herein relate generally to a steam turbine overspeed prevention system and a power plant.

蒸気タービンにおいてはロータの過速保護装置として非常調速機が設置されている。ＪＩＳやＩＥＣなどの規格でも“蒸気タービンには，調速装置のほかに独立して作動する過速度保護のための非常調速機を設置して，速度が異常に上昇しないように保護しなければならない。非常調速機は，定格速度の１１１％以下で作動しなければならない。”と非常調速機の設置が規定されている。   In a steam turbine, an emergency governor is installed as a rotor overspeed protection device. Even in the standards such as JIS and IEC, the steam turbine must be equipped with an emergency speed governor for overspeed protection that operates independently in addition to the speed governor to protect it from an abnormal increase in speed. The emergency governor must operate at 111% or less of the rated speed. ”The installation of the emergency governor is prescribed.

特に、負荷遮断時は、制御弁が瞬時に閉じられて蒸気タービン内部への蒸気の流入が遮断されたとしても蒸気タービン内部に残留している蒸気が復水器に流れることから、無負荷状態の蒸気タービンが増速して過速の要因となる。過速時は、上述の非常調速機が作動し、蒸気タービンは強制停止（トリップ）させられる。通常の蒸気タービンは、このような負荷遮断後でもトリップせずに継続して運転が可能なように、負荷遮断時の回転数が規定値を超えないように設計されている。   In particular, when the load is shut off, even if the control valve is instantly closed and the inflow of steam into the steam turbine is shut off, the steam remaining inside the steam turbine flows into the condenser, so there is no load condition. The speed of the steam turbine will increase and cause excessive speed. At the time of overspeed, the emergency governor mentioned above operates, and the steam turbine is forcibly stopped (tripped). Ordinary steam turbines are designed so that the number of revolutions at the time of load interruption does not exceed a specified value so that operation can be continued without tripping even after such load interruption.

再熱蒸気タービンにて具体例を紹介する。再熱蒸気タービンは、通常、高圧部および再熱部により構成されている。再熱部は、さらに中圧部および低圧部により構成されている。高圧部入口には主蒸気止め弁および蒸気加減弁が順に配置され、再熱部入口には組合せ再熱弁が配置されている。負荷遮断時に無負荷状態の蒸気タービンに蒸気が流れ続けるとタービンロータが増速することから、蒸気加減弁および組合せ再熱弁を閉弁することで、高圧部や中圧部への蒸気流入を遮断して増速を抑制する。これにより、タービンロータの過速が回避されて、トリップが回避される。   A specific example is introduced in the reheat steam turbine. A reheat steam turbine is usually composed of a high pressure section and a reheat section. The reheat part is further configured by an intermediate pressure part and a low pressure part. A main steam stop valve and a steam control valve are arranged in order at the high-pressure part inlet, and a combined reheat valve is arranged at the reheat part inlet. When the steam continues to flow into the steam turbine in the no-load state when the load is interrupted, the turbine rotor speeds up. By closing the steam control valve and the combined reheat valve, the steam flow to the high-pressure part and the intermediate-pressure part is shut off. To suppress the speed increase. Thereby, overspeed of the turbine rotor is avoided and tripping is avoided.

しかし、蒸気加減弁や組合せ再熱弁が閉弁されても、車室内および抽気管の残留蒸気により蒸気タービンが過速するおそれがある。特に、蒸気条件が高温高圧化すると、残留エネルギー量が大きくなるために過速しやすくなる。また、蒸気タービンが大容量化すると、残留蒸気量が増えるために過速しやすくなる。近年、蒸気タービンの高性能化の観点から高温高圧化や大容量化が進行しており、過速が懸念される。例えば、現在の発電プラントの計画では、主蒸気温度および再熱温度がともに６００℃を超えるものが増加しており、次世代向けとして７００℃級の研究および開発が行われている。   However, even if the steam control valve or the combination reheat valve is closed, the steam turbine may be overspeeded by residual steam in the passenger compartment and the extraction pipe. In particular, when the steam conditions are increased at high temperature and pressure, the amount of residual energy increases, so that it becomes easy to overspeed. Further, when the capacity of the steam turbine is increased, the amount of residual steam increases, so that it becomes easy to overspeed. In recent years, high-temperature and high-pressure and large capacity have been advanced from the viewpoint of improving the performance of steam turbines, and there is concern about overspeed. For example, in the current power plant plans, those whose main steam temperature and reheat temperature both exceed 600 ° C. are increasing, and 700 ° C. class research and development are being conducted for the next generation.

最大回転数が規定値を超えると、主蒸気止め弁等が閉弁されてトリップされる。このような主蒸気止め弁等の閉弁を伴うトリップが発生した場合、その後の再稼働は必ずしも容易でない。従って、このようなトリップを回避するために、その前段階である負荷遮断時の過速を効果的に抑制することが求められる。   When the maximum rotation speed exceeds the specified value, the main steam stop valve and the like are closed and tripped. When such a trip accompanied by closing of the main steam stop valve or the like occurs, subsequent restart is not always easy. Therefore, in order to avoid such a trip, it is required to effectively suppress the overspeed when the load is interrupted, which is the previous stage.

特開２００３−１２０２１２号公報JP 2003-120212 A

蒸気タービンの大容量化や蒸気条件の高温高圧化に伴い、負荷遮断時の過速を効果的に抑制することが求められる。本発明が解決しようとする課題は、負荷遮断時の過速を効果的に抑制できる蒸気タービン過速防止システムおよびこれを有する発電プラントの提供にある。   As the capacity of steam turbines increases and the steam conditions increase in temperature and pressure, it is required to effectively suppress overspeed during load interruption. The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a steam turbine overspeed prevention system capable of effectively suppressing overspeed during load interruption and a power plant having the same.

実施形態は、高圧タービンと、中圧タービンと、この中圧タービンの出口に第１の配管を通じて接続された低圧タービンとを備える蒸気タービンと、低圧タービンの出口に接続される復水器とを備えた発電プラントにおける蒸気タービン過速防止システムである。蒸気タービン過速防止システムは、バイパス手段と、第１の弁と、第２の弁とを備える。バイパス手段は、中圧タービンの中間段落部と復水器とを接続する。第１の弁は、バイパス手段の途中に設けられ、通常運転時はバイパス手段を遮断し、負荷遮断時はバイパス手段を連通させて中圧タービンにおける残留蒸気を復水器へ導く。第２の弁は、第１の配管に設けられ、通常運転時は第１の配管を通じて中圧タービンから低圧タービンへの蒸気を連通させ、負荷遮断時は中圧タービンから低圧タービンへの蒸気の流通を遮断する。 An embodiment includes a steam turbine including a high-pressure turbine, an intermediate-pressure turbine, a low-pressure turbine connected to an outlet of the intermediate-pressure turbine through a first pipe, and a condenser connected to an outlet of the low-pressure turbine. A steam turbine overspeed prevention system in a power plant equipped with the same. The steam turbine overspeed prevention system includes a bypass means, a first valve, and a second valve. The bypass means connects the intermediate stage of the intermediate pressure turbine and the condenser. The first valve is provided in the middle of the bypass means, shuts off the bypass means during normal operation, and communicates the bypass means with the bypass means at the time of load interruption to guide residual steam in the intermediate pressure turbine to the condenser. The second valve is provided in the first pipe, and communicates steam from the intermediate pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine through the first pipe during normal operation, and transmits steam from the intermediate pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine when the load is interrupted. Block distribution .

実施形態の発電プラントは、蒸気タービン、復水器、および蒸気タービン過速防止システムを備える。蒸気タービンは、高圧タービンと、中圧タービンと、この中圧タービンの出口に第１の配管を通じて接続された低圧タービンとを備える。復水器は、低圧タービンの出口に接続される。蒸気タービン過速防止システムは、バイパス手段と、第１の弁と、第２の弁とを備える。バイパス手段は、中圧タービンの中間段落部と復水器とを接続する。第１の弁は、バイパス手段の途中に設けられ、通常運転時はバイパス手段を遮断し、負荷遮断時はバイパス手段を連通させて中圧タービンにおける残留蒸気を復水器へ導く。第２の弁は、第１の配管に設けられ、通常運転時は第１の配管を通じて中圧タービンから低圧タービンへの蒸気を連通させ、負荷遮断時は中圧タービンから低圧タービンへの蒸気の流通を遮断する。 The power plant of the embodiment includes a steam turbine, a condenser, and a steam turbine overspeed prevention system. The steam turbine includes a high pressure turbine, an intermediate pressure turbine, and a low pressure turbine connected to an outlet of the intermediate pressure turbine through a first pipe. The condenser is connected to the outlet of the low pressure turbine. The steam turbine overspeed prevention system includes a bypass means, a first valve, and a second valve. The bypass means connects the intermediate stage of the intermediate pressure turbine and the condenser. The first valve is provided in the middle of the bypass means, shuts off the bypass means during normal operation, and communicates the bypass means with the bypass means at the time of load interruption to guide residual steam in the intermediate pressure turbine to the condenser. The second valve is provided in the first pipe, and communicates steam from the intermediate pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine through the first pipe during normal operation, and transmits steam from the intermediate pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine when the load is interrupted. Block distribution .

実施形態の蒸気タービン過速防止システムによれば、蒸気タービンの中間段落部と復水器とを接続するバイパス手段と、このバイパス手段の途中に設けられ、通常運転時はバイパス手段を遮断し、負荷遮断時はバイパス手段を連通させて蒸気タービンにおける残留蒸気を復水器へ導くための弁とを有することで、負荷遮断時の過速を効果的に抑制できる。   According to the steam turbine overspeed prevention system of the embodiment, the bypass means for connecting the intermediate stage portion of the steam turbine and the condenser, and provided in the middle of the bypass means, the bypass means is shut off during normal operation, When the load is interrupted, the bypass means is communicated to have a valve for guiding the residual steam in the steam turbine to the condenser, so that the overspeed at the time of the load interrupt can be effectively suppressed.

第１の実施形態の蒸気タービン過速防止システムが適用された発電プラントの一例を示す系統図である。It is a distribution diagram showing an example of a power plant to which the steam turbine overspeed prevention system of the first embodiment is applied. 第２の実施形態の蒸気タービン過速防止システムが適用された発電プラントの一例を示す系統図である。It is a systematic diagram which shows an example of the power plant to which the steam turbine overspeed prevention system of 2nd Embodiment was applied.

以下、本発明の蒸気タービン過速防止システムの実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。なお、以下では、蒸気タービン過速防止システムを過速防止システムと記す。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of a steam turbine overspeed prevention system of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Hereinafter, the steam turbine overspeed prevention system is referred to as an overspeed prevention system.

図１は、第１の実施形態の過速防止システムが適用された発電プラントとしての火力発電プラントの一例を示す系統図である。なお、本実施形態の過速防止システムは、中圧タービンの既存の２つの抽気管のうち最終段側の抽気管を利用してバイパス手段が設けられたものである。   FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an example of a thermal power plant as a power plant to which the overspeed prevention system of the first embodiment is applied. Note that the overspeed prevention system of the present embodiment is provided with a bypass means using an extraction pipe on the final stage side among two existing extraction pipes of the intermediate pressure turbine.

プラント１０は、蒸気発生器としてのボイラー１１、蒸気タービンとしての高圧タービン１２、中圧タービン１３、および低圧タービン１４、蒸気を冷却して復水に凝縮させる復水器１５を有する。各タービン１２、１３、１４は、ボイラー１１と復水器１５とを結ぶ流路中に配置されるとともに、発電機２１の駆動軸に連結される。発電機２１には、トランス２２、遮断器２３が接続される。   The plant 10 includes a boiler 11 as a steam generator, a high-pressure turbine 12 as a steam turbine, an intermediate-pressure turbine 13, and a low-pressure turbine 14, and a condenser 15 that cools the steam and condenses it into condensed water. Each turbine 12, 13, 14 is arranged in a flow path connecting the boiler 11 and the condenser 15 and is connected to the drive shaft of the generator 21. A transformer 22 and a circuit breaker 23 are connected to the generator 21.

ボイラー１１は、主蒸気系統としての配管３１を介して高圧タービン１２の入口に接続される。高圧タービン１２の出口は、配管３２を介してボイラー１１の内部に設けられる図示しない再熱器に接続される。再熱器は、再熱蒸気系統としての配管３３を介して中圧タービン１３の入口に接続される。中圧タービン１３の出口は、配管３４を介して低圧タービン１４の入口に接続される。低圧タービン１４の出口は、復水器１５に接続される。   The boiler 11 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure turbine 12 through a pipe 31 serving as a main steam system. The outlet of the high-pressure turbine 12 is connected to a reheater (not shown) provided inside the boiler 11 via a pipe 32. The reheater is connected to the inlet of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 via a pipe 33 as a reheat steam system. The outlet of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 is connected to the inlet of the low pressure turbine 14 via a pipe 34. The outlet of the low pressure turbine 14 is connected to the condenser 15.

復水器１５は、低圧タービン１４からの蒸気を外部から供給される冷却水と熱交換して復水に凝縮させる。復水器１５は、復水給水系統としての配管３５によってボイラー１１に接続される。配管３５の途中には、復水を加熱するための低圧ヒータ４１および高圧ヒータ４２、脱気器４３、給水ポンプ４４が設けられる。   The condenser 15 heat-exchanges the steam from the low-pressure turbine 14 with the cooling water supplied from the outside, and condenses it into condensate. The condenser 15 is connected to the boiler 11 by a pipe 35 as a condensate water supply system. In the middle of the pipe 35, a low-pressure heater 41, a high-pressure heater 42, a deaerator 43, and a water supply pump 44 for heating the condensate are provided.

低圧タービン１４の４つの抽気管４５は、それぞれ低圧ヒータ４１に接続される。中圧タービン１３に接続される２つの抽気管４５のうち、最終段側の抽気管４５は脱気器４３に接続され、初段側の抽気管４５は高圧ヒータ４２に接続される。高圧タービン１２に接続される抽気管４５は、高圧ヒータ４２に接続される。なお、中圧タービン１３および高圧タービン１２の抽気管４５の途中には、それぞれ逆止弁４６が設けられる。   The four extraction pipes 45 of the low pressure turbine 14 are connected to the low pressure heater 41, respectively. Of the two extraction pipes 45 connected to the intermediate pressure turbine 13, the final-stage extraction pipe 45 is connected to the deaerator 43, and the first-stage extraction pipe 45 is connected to the high-pressure heater 42. The extraction pipe 45 connected to the high pressure turbine 12 is connected to the high pressure heater 42. A check valve 46 is provided in the middle of the extraction pipe 45 of each of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the high pressure turbine 12.

ボイラー１１と高圧タービン１２の入口とを接続する配管３１の途中には、上流側から順に、主蒸気止め弁５１、蒸気加減弁５２が設けられる。ボイラー１１の内部に設けられた再熱器と中圧タービン１３の入口とを接続する再熱蒸気系統としての配管３３の途中には、組合せ再熱弁５３が設置される。   In the middle of the pipe 31 connecting the boiler 11 and the inlet of the high-pressure turbine 12, a main steam stop valve 51 and a steam control valve 52 are provided in order from the upstream side. A combined reheat valve 53 is installed in the middle of a pipe 33 as a reheat steam system that connects a reheater provided inside the boiler 11 and the inlet of the intermediate pressure turbine 13.

過速防止システム６０は、中圧タービン１３の中間段落部と復水器１５とを接続するバイパス手段６１と、このバイパス手段６１の途中に設けられる弁６２とを有する。弁６２は、通常運転時はバイパス手段６１を遮断し、負荷遮断時はバイパス手段６１を連通させる。弁６２は、例えば、負荷遮断時の負荷遮断信号に基づいて開弁して、バイパス手段６１を連通させる。ここで、中間段落部とは、蒸気タービンの入口と出口とを除いた部分であって、タービン段落の初段と最終段との間の部分である。すなわち、バイパス手段６１は、初段と最終段との間のいずれかの部分に接続されていればよい。   The overspeed prevention system 60 includes a bypass means 61 that connects the intermediate stage portion of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the condenser 15, and a valve 62 provided in the middle of the bypass means 61. The valve 62 shuts off the bypass means 61 during normal operation, and allows the bypass means 61 to communicate when the load is shut off. The valve 62 opens, for example, based on a load cutoff signal at the time of load cutoff, and makes the bypass means 61 communicate. Here, the intermediate stage part is a part excluding the inlet and the outlet of the steam turbine, and is a part between the first stage and the last stage of the turbine stage. That is, the bypass means 61 may be connected to any part between the first stage and the last stage.

バイパス手段６１は、中圧タービン１３の既存の２つの抽気管４５のうち最終段側の抽気管４５を利用して設けられる。具体的には、最終段側の抽気管４５の途中から分岐して復水器１５へと接続する配管６３と、最終段側の抽気管４５のうち分岐部６５よりも上流側の部分６４とにより、バイパス手段６１が構成される。すなわち、上記部分６４は、抽気管４５とバイパス手段６１との両方の機能を有する。   The bypass means 61 is provided by using the extraction pipe 45 on the final stage side among the existing two extraction pipes 45 of the intermediate pressure turbine 13. Specifically, a pipe 63 branching from the middle of the extraction pipe 45 on the final stage side and connected to the condenser 15, and a portion 64 on the upstream side of the branching portion 65 in the extraction pipe 45 on the final stage side Thus, the bypass means 61 is configured. That is, the portion 64 has both functions of the bleed pipe 45 and the bypass means 61.

弁６２は、このような最終段側の抽気管４５から分岐して復水器１５へと接続する配管６３の途中に設けられる。弁６２は、プラント１０の通常の運転時には閉弁されており、例えば、負荷遮断時の負荷遮断信号に基づいて開弁する。   The valve 62 is provided in the middle of the pipe 63 branched from the final stage side extraction pipe 45 and connected to the condenser 15. The valve 62 is closed during normal operation of the plant 10 and opens, for example, based on a load cutoff signal at the time of load cutoff.

通常運転時、蒸気発生器としてのボイラー１１において発生した蒸気は、主蒸気系統としての配管３１を介して高圧タービン１２に導入され、高圧タービン１２を駆動させる。高圧タービン１２を駆動させた蒸気は、配管３２を介してボイラー１１の内部に設けられた図示しない再熱器に導入され、再熱器によって加熱される。再熱器で加熱された蒸気は、配管３３を介して中圧タービン１３に導入され、中圧タービン１３を駆動させる。   During normal operation, steam generated in the boiler 11 serving as a steam generator is introduced into the high-pressure turbine 12 via a pipe 31 serving as a main steam system, and drives the high-pressure turbine 12. The steam that has driven the high-pressure turbine 12 is introduced into a reheater (not shown) provided inside the boiler 11 through a pipe 32 and heated by the reheater. The steam heated by the reheater is introduced into the intermediate pressure turbine 13 through the pipe 33 to drive the intermediate pressure turbine 13.

中圧タービン１３を駆動させた蒸気は、配管３４を介して低圧タービン１４に導入され、低圧タービン１４を駆動させる。低圧タービン１４を駆動させた蒸気は、復水器１５に導入され、外部から供給される冷却水と熱交換して復水に凝縮させる。この復水は、復水給水系統としての配管３５を介してボイラー１１に導入される。この際、配管３５の途中に設けられた低圧ヒータ４１および高圧ヒータ４２により加熱が行われる。   The steam that has driven the intermediate pressure turbine 13 is introduced into the low pressure turbine 14 via the pipe 34 to drive the low pressure turbine 14. The steam that has driven the low-pressure turbine 14 is introduced into the condenser 15, and exchanges heat with the cooling water supplied from the outside to condense into the condensed water. This condensate is introduced into the boiler 11 through a pipe 35 as a condensate water supply system. At this time, heating is performed by the low-pressure heater 41 and the high-pressure heater 42 provided in the middle of the pipe 35.

一方、負荷遮断時、バイパス手段６１の配管６３の途中に設けられた弁６２が負荷遮断信号等に基づいて開弁される。弁６２が開弁されることで、抽気管４５がより圧力の低い復水器１５と接続されるため、中圧タービン１３の車室内における残留蒸気、および最終段側の抽気管４５における逆止弁４６よりも上流側の残留蒸気が、バイパス手段６１を介して復水器１５に流入する。これにより、中圧タービン１３の車室内や最終段側の抽気管４５における残留蒸気が低圧タービン１４に流入することが抑制され、低圧タービン１４に残留蒸気が流入することによる過速が抑制される。過速の抑制により、主蒸気止め弁５１の閉弁を伴うようなトリップも回避される。   On the other hand, when the load is interrupted, the valve 62 provided in the middle of the pipe 63 of the bypass means 61 is opened based on a load interrupt signal or the like. By opening the valve 62, the extraction pipe 45 is connected to the condenser 15 having a lower pressure, so that the residual steam in the vehicle interior of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the check in the extraction pipe 45 on the final stage side are checked. The residual steam upstream of the valve 46 flows into the condenser 15 via the bypass means 61. Accordingly, the residual steam in the vehicle interior of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the extraction pipe 45 on the final stage side is suppressed from flowing into the low-pressure turbine 14, and the overspeed due to the residual steam flowing into the low-pressure turbine 14 is suppressed. . Due to the suppression of overspeed, a trip involving closing of the main steam stop valve 51 is also avoided.

ここで、最終段側の抽気管４５は、一般に初段側の抽気管４５に比べて口径が大きいことから抽気蒸気量が多く、その残留蒸気が過速に寄与する影響も大きい。このような観点からは、初段側の抽気管４５よりも最終段側の抽気管４５を利用してバイパス手段６１を設けることが好ましい。また、蒸気タービンが大容量化すると、抽気蒸気量が多くなるために抽気管の口径も大きくなり、その残留蒸気が過速に寄与する影響も大きくなる。従って、大容量の蒸気タービンほど、過速を抑制する効果が顕著となる。   Here, since the bleed pipe 45 on the final stage side generally has a larger diameter than the bleed pipe 45 on the first stage side, the amount of extracted steam is large, and the residual steam contributes to the overspeed. From such a viewpoint, it is preferable to provide the bypass means 61 using the extraction pipe 45 on the final stage side rather than the extraction pipe 45 on the first stage side. Further, when the capacity of the steam turbine is increased, the amount of extracted steam increases, so the diameter of the extracted pipe increases, and the influence of the residual steam contributing to overspeed increases. Therefore, the effect of suppressing overspeed becomes more remarkable as the steam turbine has a larger capacity.

負荷遮断信号は、例えば、発電機２１にトランス２２を介して接続される遮断器２３により発せられる。このような負荷遮断信号に基づいて弁６２を開弁することで、負荷遮断の発生直後、すみやかに弁６２が開弁される。これにより、過速が効果的に抑制される。   The load cutoff signal is generated by, for example, a circuit breaker 23 connected to the generator 21 via a transformer 22. By opening the valve 62 based on such a load cutoff signal, the valve 62 is immediately opened immediately after the occurrence of the load cutoff. Thereby, overspeed is effectively suppressed.

なお、負荷遮断時には、上記した弁６２に加えて、主蒸気系統としての配管３１に設けられた蒸気加減弁５２および再熱蒸気系統としての配管３３に設けられた組合せ再熱弁５３が負荷遮断信号に基づいて閉弁される。これにより、高圧タービン１２および中圧タービン１３への蒸気の流入が抑制され、過速防止システム６０と合わせて、過速が抑制される。   When the load is interrupted, in addition to the valve 62 described above, the steam control valve 52 provided in the pipe 31 as the main steam system and the combination reheat valve 53 provided in the pipe 33 as the reheat steam system are supplied with the load cutoff signal. It is closed based on. Thereby, the inflow of steam to the high-pressure turbine 12 and the intermediate-pressure turbine 13 is suppressed, and the overspeed is suppressed together with the overspeed prevention system 60.

図２は、第２の実施形態の過速防止システムが適用された発電プラントとしての火力発電プラントの一例を示す系統図である。なお、この火力発電プラントの構成は、過速防止システムの構成が異なることを除いて、図１に示す火力発電プラントと基本的に同様である。   FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing an example of a thermal power plant as a power plant to which the overspeed prevention system of the second embodiment is applied. The configuration of this thermal power plant is basically the same as that of the thermal power plant shown in FIG. 1 except that the configuration of the overspeed prevention system is different.

本実施形態の過速防止システム６０は、中圧タービン１３の中間段落部に接続された既存の２つの抽気管４５のうち初段側の抽気管４５を利用してバイパス手段６１が設けられたものであり、特に初段と最終段との中央部の位置またはこれよりも初段側の位置にバイパス手段６１が設けられたものである。なお、本実施形態の過速防止システム６０についても、中圧タービン１３の中間段落部と復水器１５とを接続するバイパス手段６１と、このバイパス手段６１の途中に設けられる弁６２とを有する。弁６２は、通常運転時はバイパス手段６１を遮断し、負荷遮断時はバイパス手段６１を連通させる。弁６２は、例えば、負荷遮断時の負荷遮断信号に基づいて開弁して、バイパス手段６１を連通させる。さらに、本実施形態の過速防止システム６０は、中圧タービン１３の出口と低圧タービン１４の入口とを接続する配管３４の途中に、通常運転時は配管３４を連通させ、負荷遮断時は配管３４を遮断する弁６６を有する。弁６６は、例えば、負荷遮断時の負荷遮断信号に基づいて閉弁して、配管３４を遮断させる。   The overspeed prevention system 60 of the present embodiment is provided with a bypass means 61 using an extraction pipe 45 on the first stage among two existing extraction pipes 45 connected to an intermediate stage of the intermediate pressure turbine 13. In particular, the bypass means 61 is provided at the position of the central portion between the first stage and the last stage or the position on the first stage side from this position. Note that the overspeed prevention system 60 of the present embodiment also includes a bypass means 61 that connects the intermediate stage portion of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the condenser 15, and a valve 62 provided in the middle of the bypass means 61. . The valve 62 shuts off the bypass means 61 during normal operation, and allows the bypass means 61 to communicate when the load is shut off. The valve 62 opens, for example, based on a load cutoff signal at the time of load cutoff, and makes the bypass means 61 communicate. Furthermore, the overspeed prevention system 60 according to the present embodiment connects the pipe 34 during normal operation in the middle of the pipe 34 connecting the outlet of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the inlet of the low pressure turbine 14, and pipes when the load is interrupted. 34 has a valve 66 for shutting off 34. For example, the valve 66 is closed based on a load cutoff signal at the time of load cutoff, thereby blocking the pipe 34.

バイパス手段６１は、具体的には、初段側の抽気管４５の途中から分岐して復水器１５へと接続する配管６３と、初段側の抽気管４５のうち分岐部６５よりも上流側の部分６４とにより構成される。すなわち、上記部分６４は、抽気管４５とバイパス手段６１との両方の機能を有する。   Specifically, the bypass means 61 is branched from the middle of the first-stage extraction pipe 45 and connected to the condenser 15, and the first-stage extraction pipe 45 is located upstream of the branch portion 65. And part 64. That is, the portion 64 has both functions of the bleed pipe 45 and the bypass means 61.

弁６２は、このような初段側の抽気管４５から分岐して復水器１５へと接続する配管６３の途中に設けられる。弁６２は、プラント１０の通常の運転時には閉弁されており、例えば、負荷遮断時の負荷遮断信号に基づいて開弁する。   The valve 62 is provided in the middle of a pipe 63 that branches from the first stage side extraction pipe 45 and connects to the condenser 15. The valve 62 is closed during normal operation of the plant 10 and opens, for example, based on a load cutoff signal at the time of load cutoff.

中圧タービン１３の出口と低圧タービン１４の入口とを接続する配管３４の途中に設けられる弁６６は、プラント１０の通常の運転時には開弁されており、例えば、負荷遮断時の負荷遮断信号に基づいて閉弁する。   A valve 66 provided in the middle of the pipe 34 connecting the outlet of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the inlet of the low pressure turbine 14 is opened during normal operation of the plant 10, for example, a load cutoff signal at the time of load cutoff. Close based on the valve.

負荷遮断時、バイパス手段６１の配管６３の途中に設けられた弁６２が負荷遮断信号等に基づいて開弁される。弁６２が開弁されることで、中圧タービン１３の車室内、ならびに初段側および最終段側の抽気管４５における逆止弁４６よりも上流側の残留蒸気が、バイパス手段６１を介して復水器１５に流入する。これにより、中圧タービン１３の車室内ならびに初段側および最終段側の抽気管４５における残留蒸気が低圧タービン１４に流入することが抑制され、低圧タービン１４に残留蒸気が流入することによる過速が抑制される。   When the load is interrupted, the valve 62 provided in the middle of the pipe 63 of the bypass means 61 is opened based on a load interrupt signal or the like. By opening the valve 62, residual steam upstream of the check valve 46 in the vehicle interior of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the extraction pipe 45 on the first stage side and the last stage side is recovered via the bypass means 61. It flows into the water bottle 15. As a result, the residual steam in the vehicle interior of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the extraction pipes 45 on the first stage side and the last stage side is suppressed from flowing into the low pressure turbine 14, and excessive speed due to the residual steam flowing into the low pressure turbine 14 is prevented. It is suppressed.

本実施形態では、特に、初段側の抽気管４５を利用してバイパス手段６１が設けられることから、いわゆるブレーキ効果が得られる。すなわち、初段側の抽気管４５を利用してバイパス手段６１が設けられた場合、弁６２が開弁されると、抽気管４５の入口部がより圧力の低い復水器１５と接続されるため、中圧タービン１３の車室内や最終段側の抽気管４５における残留蒸気は、通常とは反対方向の向きである最終段側から初段側へと流れる。これにより、中圧タービン１３にブレーキが加えられ、過速が効果的に抑制される。   In the present embodiment, in particular, since the bypass means 61 is provided using the extraction pipe 45 on the first stage side, a so-called braking effect is obtained. That is, when the bypass means 61 is provided using the first stage side extraction pipe 45, when the valve 62 is opened, the inlet portion of the extraction pipe 45 is connected to the condenser 15 having a lower pressure. The residual steam in the vehicle interior of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the extraction pipe 45 on the final stage side flows from the final stage side in the direction opposite to the normal direction to the first stage side. Thereby, a brake is applied to the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the overspeed is effectively suppressed.

また、本実施形態では、中圧タービン１３の出口と低圧タービン１４の入口とを接続する配管３４の途中に弁６６を有することで、過速がさらに効果的に抑制される。すなわち、中圧タービン１３の出口と低圧タービン１４の入口とを接続する配管３４の途中に弁６６を有することで、弁６６よりも上流側の部分における残留蒸気が低圧タービン１４に流入することが抑制される。このような弁６６についても、負荷遮断時の負荷遮断信号に基づいて閉弁されることで、負荷遮断の発生直後、すみやかに閉弁される。これにより、過速がさらに効果的に抑制される。   In the present embodiment, the overspeed is further effectively suppressed by including the valve 66 in the middle of the pipe 34 connecting the outlet of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the inlet of the low pressure turbine 14. That is, by having the valve 66 in the middle of the pipe 34 connecting the outlet of the intermediate pressure turbine 13 and the inlet of the low pressure turbine 14, residual steam in a portion upstream from the valve 66 may flow into the low pressure turbine 14. It is suppressed. Such a valve 66 is also closed immediately after the occurrence of load interruption by closing the valve based on the load interruption signal at the time of load interruption. Thereby, overspeed is suppressed more effectively.

なお、本実施形態についても、負荷遮断時には、上記した弁６２、６６に加えて、主蒸気系統としての配管３１に設けられた蒸気加減弁５２および再熱蒸気系統としての配管３３に設けられた組合せ再熱弁５３が負荷遮断信号に基づいて閉弁される。これにより、高圧タービン１２および中圧タービン１３への蒸気の流入が抑制され、過速防止システム６０と合わせて、過速が抑制される。   In this embodiment, when the load is interrupted, in addition to the valves 62 and 66 described above, the steam control valve 52 provided in the pipe 31 as the main steam system and the pipe 33 as the reheat steam system are provided. The combination reheat valve 53 is closed based on the load cutoff signal. Thereby, the inflow of steam to the high-pressure turbine 12 and the intermediate-pressure turbine 13 is suppressed, and the overspeed is suppressed together with the overspeed prevention system 60.

以上、過速防止システム６０について、第１の実施形態、第２の実施形態を例に挙げて説明したが、バイパス手段６１は、必ずしも既存の抽気管４５を利用する必要はなく、全体を新規に設けてもよい。但し、バイパス手段６１の全体を新規に設けることは生産性の観点から好ましくなく、一般に抽気管４５は車室の下側にあるためにバイパス手段６１の設置や保守管理が容易であることから、既存の抽気管４５を利用してバイパス手段６１を設けることが好ましい。   As described above, the overspeed prevention system 60 has been described by taking the first embodiment and the second embodiment as examples. However, the bypass means 61 does not necessarily need to use the existing bleed pipe 45, and is entirely new. May be provided. However, it is not preferable to newly provide the entire bypass means 61 from the viewpoint of productivity. Generally, since the bleed pipe 45 is located below the passenger compartment, it is easy to install and maintain the bypass means 61. It is preferable to provide the bypass means 61 using the existing bleed pipe 45.

なお、バイパス手段６１の全体を新規に設ける場合、車室の上側に設けると保守管理等のために車室を開くことが難しくなることから、車室の下側に設けることが好ましい。また、ブレーキ効果の観点からは、初段と最終段との中央部の位置よりも初段側の位置に設けることが好ましい。   In addition, when the whole bypass means 61 is newly provided, since it will become difficult to open a compartment for maintenance management etc. if it is provided above a compartment, it is preferable to provide below a compartment. Further, from the viewpoint of the braking effect, it is preferable to provide the first stage side position with respect to the center position of the first stage and the last stage.

また、バイパス手段６１が設けられる蒸気タービンは、必ずしも中圧タービン１３に限定されず、高圧タービン１２でもよいし、高圧タービン１２と中圧タービン１３との両方でもよい。これらの中でも中圧タービン１３は車室内の残留蒸気が過速に寄与する影響が大きいことから、少なくとも中圧タービン１３にバイパス手段６１を設けることが好ましい。   The steam turbine provided with the bypass means 61 is not necessarily limited to the intermediate pressure turbine 13, and may be the high pressure turbine 12, or both the high pressure turbine 12 and the intermediate pressure turbine 13. Among these, since the intermediate pressure turbine 13 has a great influence that the residual steam in the vehicle compartment contributes to the overspeed, it is preferable to provide the bypass means 61 at least in the intermediate pressure turbine 13.

また、プラント１０は、高圧タービン１２、中圧タービン１３、および低圧タービン１４を有するものが代表的なものとして挙げられるが、必ずしもこのようなものに限定されない。プラント１０としては、高圧タービンと中低圧タービンとを有するものでもよいし、高中圧タービンと低圧タービンとを有するものでもよい。前者の場合、過速に寄与する影響の観点から、中低圧タービンにバイパス手段６１を設けることが好ましい。後者の場合、過速に寄与する影響の観点から、高中圧タービンにバイパス手段６１を設けることが好ましい。また、発電プラントは、火力発電プラントに限定されず、原子力発電プラントでもよい。   In addition, the plant 10 includes a high-pressure turbine 12, an intermediate-pressure turbine 13, and a low-pressure turbine 14 as representative ones, but is not necessarily limited to such. The plant 10 may have a high-pressure turbine and a medium-low pressure turbine, or may have a high-medium-pressure turbine and a low-pressure turbine. In the former case, it is preferable to provide the bypass means 61 in the intermediate / low pressure turbine from the viewpoint of the influence contributing to the overspeed. In the latter case, it is preferable to provide the bypass means 61 in the high and medium pressure turbine from the viewpoint of the influence that contributes to overspeed. The power plant is not limited to a thermal power plant, and may be a nuclear power plant.

以上、発明のいくつかの実施形態を説明したが、これらの実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。これら新規な実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施されることが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。これら実施形態やその変形は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれるとともに、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれる。   As mentioned above, although some embodiment of invention was described, these embodiment is shown as an example and is not intending limiting the range of invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

１０…発電プラント、１１…ボイラー、１２…高圧タービン、１３…中圧タービン、１４…低圧タービン、１５…復水器、２１…発電機、２２…トランス、２３…遮断器、３１，３２，３３，３４，３５…配管、４１…低圧ヒータ、４２…高圧ヒータ、４３…脱気器、４４…給水ポンプ、４５…抽気管、４６…逆止弁、５１…主蒸気止め弁、５２…蒸気加減弁、５３…組合せ再熱弁、６０…蒸気タービン過速防止システム、６１…バイパス手段、６２…弁、６３…配管、６４…分岐部の上流側部分、６５…分岐部、６６…弁   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Power plant, 11 ... Boiler, 12 ... High pressure turbine, 13 ... Medium pressure turbine, 14 ... Low pressure turbine, 15 ... Condenser, 21 ... Generator, 22 ... Transformer, 23 ... Circuit breaker, 31, 32, 33 34, 35 ... piping, 41 ... low pressure heater, 42 ... high pressure heater, 43 ... deaerator, 44 ... feed pump, 45 ... bleed pipe, 46 ... check valve, 51 ... main steam stop valve, 52 ... steam control Valve, 53 ... Combination reheat valve, 60 ... Steam turbine overspeed prevention system, 61 ... Bypass means, 62 ... Valve, 63 ... Piping, 64 ... Upstream part of branch part, 65 ... Branch part, 66 ... Valve

Claims (5)

高圧タービンと、中圧タービンと、この中圧タービンの出口に第１の配管を通じて接続された低圧タービンとを備える蒸気タービンと、前記低圧タービンの出口に接続される復水器とを備えた発電プラントにおける蒸気タービン過速防止システムにおいて、
前記中圧タービンの中間段落部と前記復水器とを接続するバイパス手段と、
前記バイパス手段の途中に設けられ、通常運転時は前記バイパス手段を遮断し、負荷遮断時は前記バイパス手段を連通させて前記中圧タービンにおける残留蒸気を前記復水器へ導くための第１の弁と、
前記第１の配管に設けられ、前記通常運転時は前記第１の配管を通じて前記中圧タービンから前記低圧タービンへの蒸気を連通させ、前記負荷遮断時は前記中圧タービンから前記低圧タービンへの蒸気の流通を遮断するための第２の弁と、
を有する蒸気タービン過速防止システム。 Power generation comprising a high-pressure turbine, an intermediate-pressure turbine, a steam turbine comprising a low-pressure turbine connected to the outlet of the intermediate-pressure turbine through a first pipe, and a condenser connected to the outlet of the low-pressure turbine In the steam turbine overspeed prevention system in the plant,
And bypass means for connecting the condenser to the intermediate stepped-down portion of the intermediate-pressure turbine,
A first means is provided in the middle of the bypass means, which shuts off the bypass means during normal operation and communicates the bypass means at the time of load interruption to guide residual steam in the intermediate pressure turbine to the condenser . A valve ,
The first pipe is provided with steam from the intermediate pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine through the first pipe during the normal operation, and from the intermediate pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine during the load interruption. A second valve for blocking the flow of steam;
A steam turbine overspeed prevention system. 前記バイパス手段は、前記中圧タービンの抽気管を利用する請求項１記載の蒸気タービン過速防止システム。   The steam turbine overspeed prevention system according to claim 1, wherein the bypass means uses an extraction pipe of the intermediate pressure turbine. 前記バイパス手段は、前記抽気管の途中から分岐して前記復水器へと接続する第２の配管を有し、前記第２の配管の途中に前記第１の弁を有する請求項２記載の蒸気タービン過速防止システム。 The said bypass means has 2nd piping branched from the middle of the said bleed pipe, and connects to the said condenser, and has said 1st valve in the middle of the said 2nd piping. Steam turbine overspeed prevention system. 前記バイパス手段は、前記中圧タービンにおける初段と最終段との間の中央部の位置よりも初段側の位置に接続される請求項１記載の蒸気タービン過速防止システム。   2. The steam turbine overspeed prevention system according to claim 1, wherein the bypass unit is connected to a position on a first stage side with respect to a position of a central portion between the first stage and the last stage in the intermediate pressure turbine. 高圧タービンと、中圧タービンと、この中圧タービンの出口に第１の配管を通じて接続された低圧タービンとを備える蒸気タービンと、前記低圧タービンの出口に接続される復水器とを有する発電プラントであって、
前記中圧タービンの中間段落部と前記復水器とを接続するバイパス手段と、
前記バイパス手段の途中に設けられ、通常運転時は前記バイパス手段を遮断し、負荷遮断時は前記バイパス手段を連通させて前記中圧タービンにおける残留蒸気を前記復水器へ導くための第１の弁と、
前記第１の配管に設けられ、前記通常運転時は前記第１の配管を通じて前記中圧タービンから前記低圧タービンへの蒸気を連通させ、前記負荷遮断時は前記中圧タービンから前記低圧タービンへの蒸気の流通を遮断するための第２の弁と、
を有する蒸気タービン過速防止システムを備えることを特徴とする発電プラント。 A power plant having a high-pressure turbine, an intermediate-pressure turbine, a steam turbine including a low-pressure turbine connected to an outlet of the intermediate-pressure turbine through a first pipe , and a condenser connected to the outlet of the low-pressure turbine Because
Bypass means for connecting the intermediate stage of the intermediate pressure turbine and the condenser;
A first means is provided in the middle of the bypass means, which shuts off the bypass means during normal operation and communicates the bypass means at the time of load interruption to guide residual steam in the intermediate pressure turbine to the condenser . A valve ,
The first pipe is provided with steam from the intermediate pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine through the first pipe during the normal operation, and from the intermediate pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine during the load interruption. A second valve for blocking the flow of steam;
A power plant, comprising a steam turbine overspeed prevention system having
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