JP6130982B1 - 発光ダイオードランプ - Google Patents
発光ダイオードランプ Download PDFInfo
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- JP6130982B1 JP6130982B1 JP2017030723A JP2017030723A JP6130982B1 JP 6130982 B1 JP6130982 B1 JP 6130982B1 JP 2017030723 A JP2017030723 A JP 2017030723A JP 2017030723 A JP2017030723 A JP 2017030723A JP 6130982 B1 JP6130982 B1 JP 6130982B1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
- F21S2/005—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction of modular construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/04—Optical design
- F21V7/06—Optical design with parabolic curvature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/68—Details of reflectors forming part of the light source
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/69—Details of refractors forming part of the light source
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
- F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
- F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
- F21V19/001—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders the light sources being semiconductors devices, e.g. LEDs
- F21V19/0015—Fastening arrangements intended to retain light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/502—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components
- F21V29/503—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components of light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/85—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems characterised by the material
- F21V29/89—Metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
- F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
- F21V3/06—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material
- F21V3/062—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material the material being plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/04—Optical design
- F21V7/08—Optical design with elliptical curvature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2107/00—Light sources with three-dimensionally disposed light-generating elements
- F21Y2107/30—Light sources with three-dimensionally disposed light-generating elements on the outer surface of cylindrical surfaces, e.g. rod-shaped supports having a circular or a polygonal cross section
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2107/00—Light sources with three-dimensionally disposed light-generating elements
- F21Y2107/40—Light sources with three-dimensionally disposed light-generating elements on the sides of polyhedrons, e.g. cubes or pyramids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
- F21Y2113/10—Combination of light sources of different colours
- F21Y2113/13—Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Led Device Packages (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明の一局面によれば、
開口および焦点を有する回転面で規定された反射面が内側に形成された反射鏡と、
前記反射面の底部から前記開口に向けて延びる支柱と、
前記支柱の表面において、前記焦点を中心として放射状に配設された複数の発光体とで構成されており、
前記各発光体は、それぞれ、前記反射面に向けて光を放射する複数の発光ダイオード素子で構成された発光ダイオードと、
前記発光ダイオードおよび前記反射面の間に配置され、対応する前記発光ダイオードから放射された光を前記反射面に向けて屈折させるとともに、前記発光ダイオードの背後における前記焦点の位置に前記発光ダイオードの虚像を形成するレンズとを有しており、
前記各発光ダイオードを構成する複数の前記発光ダイオード素子から放射される光の波長はそれぞれ互いに同一であり、かつ、前記各発光ダイオードから放射される光の波長は少なくとも2種類あることを特徴とする発光ダイオードランプが提供される。
好適には、前記各発光ダイオードから放射される光の量は少なくとも2種類ある。
好適には、前記反射面は回転放物面で規定されており、前記反射面の前記開口の直径と前記支柱の支柱半径との間には以下の関係式が成立する。
0.05×A<B≦0.1485×A
A:反射面の開口の直径(mm)
B:支柱半径(mm)
好適には、前記反射面は回転放物面で規定されており、前記反射面の前記開口の直径と前記支柱の支柱半径との間には以下の関係式が成立する。
0.05×A<B≦0.109×A
A:反射面の開口の直径(mm)
B:支柱半径(mm)
好適には、前記発光ダイオードが所定の波長の光を放射できるような温度となるように、前記支柱の支柱半径が設定されている。
上述のように、支柱32は発光ダイオード34の放熱材としての役割も有していることから、支柱32の断面積(より具体的には、中心軸Cに直交する面で支柱32を切断したときの断面積)を大きくするほど支柱32の放熱能力は大きくなり、より多くの光を放射できる高出力の発光ダイオード34が使用できるようになる。
C…中心軸、I…虚像、T…ターゲット範囲、R…シミュレーションにおける開口22から対象面までの距離
Claims (5)
- 開口および焦点を有する回転面で規定された反射面が内側に形成された反射鏡と、
前記反射面の底部から前記開口に向けて延びる支柱と、
前記支柱の表面において、前記焦点を中心として放射状に配設された複数の発光体とで構成されており、
前記各発光体は、それぞれ、前記反射面に向けて光を放射する複数の発光ダイオード素子で構成された発光ダイオードと、
前記発光ダイオードおよび前記反射面の間に配置され、対応する前記発光ダイオードから放射された光を前記反射面に向けて屈折させるとともに、前記発光ダイオードの背後における前記焦点の位置に前記発光ダイオードの虚像を形成するレンズとを有しており、
前記各発光ダイオードを構成する複数の前記発光ダイオード素子から放射される光の波長はそれぞれ互いに同一であり、かつ、前記各発光ダイオードから放射される光の波長は少なくとも2種類あることを特徴とする発光ダイオードランプ。 - 前記各発光ダイオードから放射される光の量は少なくとも2種類あることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発光ダイオードランプ。
- 前記反射面は回転放物面で規定されており、前記反射面の前記開口の直径と前記支柱の支柱半径との間には以下の関係式が成立する請求項1または2に記載の発光ダイオードランプ。
0.05×A<B≦0.1485×A
A:反射面の開口の直径(mm)
B:支柱半径(mm) - 前記反射面は回転放物面で規定されており、前記反射面の前記開口の直径と前記支柱の支柱半径との間には以下の関係式が成立する請求項1または2に記載の発光ダイオードランプ。
0.05×A<B≦0.109×A
A:反射面の開口の直径(mm)
B:支柱半径(mm) - 前記発光ダイオードが所定の波長の光を放射できるような温度となるように、前記支柱の支柱半径が設定されていることを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の発光ダイオードランプ。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017030723A JP6130982B1 (ja) | 2017-02-22 | 2017-02-22 | 発光ダイオードランプ |
US15/667,145 US9841165B1 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2017-08-02 | LED lamp |
CN201810059792.8A CN108332070B (zh) | 2017-02-22 | 2018-01-22 | 发光二极管灯 |
EP18154844.7A EP3366990B1 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2018-02-02 | Led lamp |
TW107104232A TWI638115B (zh) | 2017-02-22 | 2018-02-07 | 發光二極管燈 |
KR1020180015667A KR102050653B1 (ko) | 2017-02-22 | 2018-02-08 | 발광 다이오드 램프 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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JP2017030723A JP6130982B1 (ja) | 2017-02-22 | 2017-02-22 | 発光ダイオードランプ |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP6130982B1 true JP6130982B1 (ja) | 2017-05-17 |
JP2018137128A JP2018137128A (ja) | 2018-08-30 |
Family
ID=58714763
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2017030723A Active JP6130982B1 (ja) | 2017-02-22 | 2017-02-22 | 発光ダイオードランプ |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9841165B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3366990B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6130982B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102050653B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108332070B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI638115B (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109538981A (zh) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-03-29 | 凤凰电机公司 | Led灯及具备其的照明装置 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019162209A1 (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-29 | Signify Holding B.V. | A stadium lighting system and luminaire |
WO2021038809A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | 株式会社パトライト | 表示灯 |
NO20191457A1 (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-06-10 | R Stahl Tranberg As | Light emitting device for a vessel and use of such device |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH06237017A (ja) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-23 | Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd | 多色発光ダイオードランプ |
JP2010157381A (ja) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-15 | Helios Techno Holding Co Ltd | 発光装置 |
JP2011082011A (ja) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-21 | Helios Techno Holding Co Ltd | 発光装置 |
JP2011108583A (ja) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-06-02 | Phoenix Electric Co Ltd | 光源装置 |
JP2011175978A (ja) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-09-08 | Panasonic Corp | スポット用光源 |
Family Cites Families (10)
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DE19624087A1 (de) * | 1996-06-17 | 1997-12-18 | Wendelin Pimpl | Beleuchtungsvorrichtung |
US7048412B2 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2006-05-23 | Lumileds Lighting U.S., Llc | Axial LED source |
JP4526256B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-17 | 2010-08-18 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 光源モジュールおよび該光源モジュールを具備する灯具 |
TWM306304U (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-02-11 | Tsun-Dai Fang | Light source apparatus |
TWI353053B (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2011-11-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Lighting device |
CN202852647U (zh) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-04-03 | 郭双庆 | 反射式防眩目led汽车照明前大灯 |
US9822948B2 (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2017-11-21 | Quarkstar Llc | Solid state illumination devices including spatially-extended light sources and reflectors |
KR101729963B1 (ko) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-04-25 | 서광샐빛 주식회사 | 단일 pcb로 구현된 싱글엔드형 차량용 다면발광 조명램프 |
CN204829749U (zh) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-12-02 | 中山市旺来实业有限公司 | 一种高亮度led聚光灯罩 |
TWM544439U (zh) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-07-01 | Fu An Industrial Co Ltd | 車輛之led投射燈具 |
-
2017
- 2017-02-22 JP JP2017030723A patent/JP6130982B1/ja active Active
- 2017-08-02 US US15/667,145 patent/US9841165B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-01-22 CN CN201810059792.8A patent/CN108332070B/zh active Active
- 2018-02-02 EP EP18154844.7A patent/EP3366990B1/en active Active
- 2018-02-07 TW TW107104232A patent/TWI638115B/zh active
- 2018-02-08 KR KR1020180015667A patent/KR102050653B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06237017A (ja) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-23 | Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd | 多色発光ダイオードランプ |
JP2010157381A (ja) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-15 | Helios Techno Holding Co Ltd | 発光装置 |
JP2011082011A (ja) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-21 | Helios Techno Holding Co Ltd | 発光装置 |
JP2011108583A (ja) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-06-02 | Phoenix Electric Co Ltd | 光源装置 |
JP2011175978A (ja) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-09-08 | Panasonic Corp | スポット用光源 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109538981A (zh) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-03-29 | 凤凰电机公司 | Led灯及具备其的照明装置 |
EP3477182A1 (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-01 | Phoenix Electric Co., Ltd. | Led lamp and lighting device including the same |
US10337694B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2019-07-02 | Phoenix Electric Co., Ltd. | LED lamp and lighting device including the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2018137128A (ja) | 2018-08-30 |
TWI638115B (zh) | 2018-10-11 |
CN108332070B (zh) | 2019-12-20 |
TW201831819A (zh) | 2018-09-01 |
KR102050653B1 (ko) | 2019-11-29 |
EP3366990B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
US9841165B1 (en) | 2017-12-12 |
EP3366990A1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
CN108332070A (zh) | 2018-07-27 |
KR20180097131A (ko) | 2018-08-30 |
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